2018高考英语一轮复习构想Unit1Greatscientists课时作业新人教版必修5

Unit 1 Great scientists
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2017·大连高三双基测试卷)
A new “health” trend in Hong Kong sees women staring straight at the sun in the belief that it will replace their needs for food and even improve their vision and sleep quality, reports OrientalDailyNews.
The women reportedly head to the Sam Ka Village beach every evening and take off their shoes before setting their phone timers and stand to stare at the sunset — some using an umbrella to protect their skin.
The concept of “sun eating” is about consuming th e sun's solar energy instead of food and they believe by doing so it can reduce the body's needs.
Some of the women choose to wear pinhole glasses to limit the UV rays getting to their eyes and causing permanent damage.
Some of the sun­gazers stress they are doing it for health reasons, not weight loss. “We practice sun­gazing as a substitute for eating. Some of us who have finished the practice now eat less, and others don't have to eat at all，” a woman said. She said they start by looking at the sun for up to 10 seconds on the first day, adding 10 seconds every day until they reach 44 minutes by the ninth month of practice.
Hou Xiangjun, a skin specialist, is concerned about the rising trend, saying the high UV degree and water reflection are leading to fa r too much UV light absorption. “Even if painted with sunscreen (防晒霜) they can only stop five to six percent of the damage; an umbrella or a cap can only take 10－20 percent and long exposure will increase the risk of serious skin cancer，” she said. Eye exp erts are also concerned that it will cause some eye diseases.
【解题导语】本文讲述了一些香港女性的一种新的“健康”趋势。

她们凝视太阳以减少对食物的需要，并达到改善视力和提高睡眠质量的效果。

1．Some women in Hong Kong become “sun­gazers” because they believe it can make them ________.
A. prettier
B. eat less
C. sleep longer
D. use phones less
答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“it will replace their needs for food and even improve their vision and sleep quality”和第三段的内容可知，她们认为凝视太阳可以让她们吃得更少，改善视力，提高睡眠质量。

故选B。

2．Which of the following statements about “sun­gazers” is TRUE according to the passage?
A. They have no protection against the sun.
B. Some have suffered from serious skin cancer.
C. They have convinced the experts of the benefits.
D. Some stop eating after practicing for some time.
答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。

根据第五段的“Some of us who have f inished the practice now eat less, and others don't have to eat at all”可知，有些人在练习一段时间后就根本不用吃东西了。

故选D。

3．If a woman wants to look at the sun for 5 minutes, how many days does she have to practice?
A. 10 days.
B. 30 days.
C. 50 days.
D. 150 days.
答案与解析：B 考查推理判断。

根据第五段的第三句可知，第一天凝视太阳10秒；由此可推测，凝视5分钟也就是300秒，需要30天。

故选B。

4．Which section of the newspaper does the passage probably come from?
A. Science.
B. Advertisement.
C. Health.
D. Sports.
答案与解析：C 考查文章出处。

通读全文可知，本文内容与人们的健康有关，所以可能选自报纸的“健康(health)”部分。

故选C。

B
(2017·四川高三评估检测)
Can you imagine an engineer building a tall skyscraper without a plan? Someone said, “If you fail to plan, you plan to fail.” Success is no accident. It doesn't just magically happen. You have to plan for it to happen. As one guy put it, “You must plan for a great future. After all, you have to spend the rest of your life there.” We must have some kind of plan of what we want and how we'll get it.
You see, if you achieve nothing, you'll hit it every time. A wise person said, “If you've accomplished everything you've planned in life, then you've probably not planned enough. You're getting too old when all your dreams are reruns (重演)．”
The very successful head of the Chrysler Corporation, Lee Iacocca, used to ask his workers, “What do you want to do? W hat do you want to be? What do you want to have? Where do you want to go? How do you plan to get there? Write it down. Now go to do it. It doesn't get any simpler or better than that.”
So why not start living your life on purpose? First dream it, and then do it. They say that one hour of planning will save you three hours of wasted time and work. With a plan, your work is working for you. Your plan will keep you in control of your life, moving ahead toward your goal of success and happiness.
After you plan your work, you have to make your plan work. Discipline is what brings your dreams into real life. A dream with no discipline will just remain a dream, and a plan without work will be a plan that won't work.
【解题导语】成功不是偶然的，它需要我们对自己的未来有明确的规划。

只有这样，我们才能离成功与幸福更近一步。

【长难句解读】 A dream with no discipline will just remain a dream, and a plan without work will be a plan that won't work.
分析：这是一个并列句。

and后的并列分句中包含定语从句that won't work。

译文：一个没有约束的梦想只能是一个梦想，一个不去为之奋斗的计划只能是一个不管用的计划。

5．We should live our life on purpose because ________.
A. making a plan reduces the cost of our work
B. making a plan leads us to get close to success
C. we can finish our work easily with a good plan
D. making a plan lets us achieve our goals immediately
答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。

根据文中倒数第二段中的“Your plan will keep you in control of your life, moving ahead toward your goal of success and happiness”可知，制订计划可以让我们离成功与幸福更近一步。

6．We can infer from the last paragraph that ________.
A. planning your work is the most important
B. discipline makes up for an imperfect plan
C. one will fail if he makes a plan without carrying it out
D. everyone needs a detailed plan in order to realize his dream
答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。

根据文中最后一段的内容可推知，如果一个人只是制订计划而不付诸实践，那么就永远不会成功。

7．What's the best title for the text?
A. Never give up your dream
B. How to plan your work
C. Success requires hard work
D. Make a plan ahead of time
答案与解析：D 考查标题判断。

本文主要讲述的是成功不是偶然的，它需要我们对自己的未来有明确的规划。

只有这样，我们才能离成功与幸福更近一步。

故选D。

Ⅱ.完形填空
(2017·河北省高三质量监测)
This morning after I got the news that my best friend, Sean Misner, who was one of the firefighters, died in an Arizona wildfire in June, I created a Facebook page in his __1__.
Sean and I were like brothers. We met playing baseball when we were eight years old. We __2__。