黑龙江省齐齐哈尔八中任务型阅读单元测试题(一)doc

一、高中英语任务型阅读
1．任务型阅读
Nobody likes to think they are “that guy” at work.________. So, what are some of the rudest things that people do at work — and why shouldn't you do them?
Behaving in an unacceptable way
The most common form of this is eating smelly foods at lunchtime. Other things alike include body smell and its opposite, the wearing of strong perfume, messy desks, or bad breath.________.
Checking email on your phone when you're talking to other people
A recent survey shows that 49 percent of people said their bosses checked their phones while talking with them.________. If you've ever wondered why your team members are unmotivated, this may be why. In fact, when you're talking to someone at work, you should reject any non-important calls.
________
Do you like the sound of your own voice? Great. Perhaps it's time you learned to like the sound of other people's voices too. If you interrupt others when they speak, they'll dislike you and discount whatever you're saying. And if you routinely take up three quarters of the meeting with your monologues（独角戏）, people will turn off and, quite rightly, start checking email on their phones. However, if you listen to what others say and show interest by asking intelligent questions, they'll love you and be likely to give you their support when you speak.
Showing off how much you earn
________. If you show off your income to someone and then discover you get less than them, you'll look like a fool. If you earn more, they'll feel tired of you. So keep them guessing and hide your earning power in quiet ways — like always paying for the team coffees.
A. Talking all the time
B. Being a good listener
C. Team-working can never be ignored
D. All these things will become part of your personal brand
E. It's better to be modest when you talk about your incomes
F. Bad behavior at work is common — and often we do it without thinking
G. An interesting email is more valuable than the person you are actually talking to
【答案】F；D；G；A；E
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了不受人欢迎的人的几种不良行为。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前“Nobody likes to think they are ‘that guy at work.”没有人喜欢在工作中认为自己是“那个家伙”。

承接上文，F.Bad behavior at work is common —and often we do it without thinking“工作中的不良行为是很常见的——通常我们会不假思索地去做。

”切题。

故答案为F。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前“The most common form of this is eating smelly foods at lunchtime. Other things alike include body smell and its opposite, the
wearing of strong perfume, messy desks, or bad breath. ”最常见的形式是在午餐时间吃发臭的食物。

其他相似的东西包括身体的气味和它的对立面，浓香的香水，凌乱的办公桌，或口臭。

承接上文，D.All these things will become part of your personal brand“所有这些都将成为你个人品牌的一部分”切题。

该项中的All these things指上文中smelly foods和Other things alike。

故选D。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前“A recent survey shows that 49 percent of people said their bosses checked their phones while ta lking with them.“最近的一项调查显示，49%的人说他们的老板在和他们说话的时候会检查他们的手机；再根据空后“If you've ever wondered why your team members are unmotivated, this may be why.“如果你曾经想过为什么你的团队成员没有动力，这可能就是原因。

”承接上下文，G. An interesting email is more valuable than the person you are actually talk ing to“一个有趣的电子邮件比你实际交谈的人更有价值”切题。

该项承接上文，引出下文内容，故答案为G。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空后“Do you like the sound of your own voice? Great. Perhaps it's time you learned to like the sound of other people's voices too. ”你喜欢听你自己的声音吗？太好了。

也许是时候你学会喜欢别人的声音了。

可知 A. Talking all t he time“一直在说”切题。

，故选A。

（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

本段标题“炫耀你挣了多少”。

根据空后“If you show off your income to someone and then discover you get less than them, you'll look like a fool.“如果你向某人炫耀你的收入，然后发现你比他们少，你就会看起来像个傻瓜。

承接下文，E. It's better to be modest when you talk about yo ur incomes“当你谈论你的收入时，最好是谦虚一点。

”切题，故选E。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

2．请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入1个最恰当的单词。

Why the youth sense anger in faces
We tend to believe that older people are more positive and younger people are more sensitive to social cues (暗示).
Recently scientists investigated this idea by testing 10,000 men and women. They wanted to see if age affected a person's ability to identify facial emotions, such as fear and anger.
The researchers from McLean Hospital in the US used a Web-based platform to collect happiness data. It showed the participants two headshots (头部特写)of random people. They were then asked to identify which subject was angrier, happier, or more fearful.
The research found that younger people were able to better identify angry and fearful facial cues than older people.
"From studies and anecdotal evidence, we know that the everyday experiences of an adolescent are different from an older person, but we wanted to understand how these experiences might be linked with differences in basic emotion understanding,wrote Laura Germine, the study's senior author.
But what is it that makes young people more sensitive?
"This is the exact age when young people are most sensitive to forms of negative social cues,
such as bullying," Lauren Rutter, the study's lead author, told Science Daily. "The normal development of anger sensitivity can contribute to some of the challenges that arise during this phase of development. On the contrary across the whole 10,000-person survey, researchers found no decline in the perception (感知)of happiness among older participants.
"What's remarkable is that we see declines in many visual perceptual abilities as we get older, but here we did not see such declines in the perception of happiness, Germine told Neuro Science News.
She added that these findings fit well with other researches, showing that older adults tend to have more positive emotions and a positive outlook.
Following the paper's release, Rutter told Neuro Science News that gathering their primary research online allowed the team to research into a "much larger and more diverse sample set" than previous studies. Title: Why the youth sense anger in faces
Purpose of the research The idea ________ whether age affects people's ability to identify
facial emotions.
Process of the research The researchers ________ happiness data on a web-based platform.
Two ________ head shots were shown to the participants.
Participants were asked to identify the more ________ subject.
________of
the research Younger people are ________ at identifying negative social cues.
Adolescence is the exact age when anger sensitivity reaches its ________.
Perception of happiness isn't on the ________ with age.
Self-assessment of the research What the research proves ________ with other researches. In comparison with previous studies, the sample set of the research is superior in its size and ________.
Findings/Results/Conclusion ；better ；peak/summit/highest ；decline ；agrees/corresponds ；diversity
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，科学家们在网络上展开调查，收集1000个人识别面部表情的信息，结果显示的确年轻人比老人更容易识别出生气、害怕这样的表情，但是识别幸福的表情时相差不大。

这与其它一些科学家的发现一致。

老人更容易有积极情绪和乐观看法。

（1）考查信息转述能力。

根据第二段中的"Recently scientists investigated this idea by testing 10,000 men and women. They wanted to see if age affected a person's ability to identify facial emotions, such as fear and anger."可知，最近科学家们通过测试1000名男人和女人研究了这个想法。

他们想看看是否年龄会影响一个人辨别害怕、生气等这样的面部表情的能力。

"investigate"是一个及物动词，可以直接作宾语。

空格后的whether age affects people's ability to identify facial emotions 与this idea 是等位关系，所以填investigated 。

（2）考查信息转述能力。

根据第三段中的"The researchers from McLean Hospital in the US used a Web-based platform to collect happiness data."可知，美国McLean医院的科学家们用一个网络平台来收集关于幸福的数据。

"collect（收集）"还可以表达为gather。

且第二个空格在句中作谓语，本段话使用的是一般过去时，故填collected/gathered。

（3）考查信息转述能力。

根据第三段中的"It showed the participants two headshots (头部特写)of random people."可知，平台会展示给参与者两个随机人员的头部特写。

也就是说随机的两个头部特征被展示给参与者。

故填random。

（4）考查信息转述能力。

根据第三段中的"They were then asked to identify which subject was angrier, happier, or more fearful."可知，参与者被要求识别哪一个人更生气、更开心或者更害怕。

也就是说参与者要识别哪个表情更情绪化。

故填emotional/sentimental。

（5）考查信息转述能力。

根据第四段中的"The research found that…"可知，下边讲述的将是调查结果或发现。

空格后是介词，前边没有限定词，"结果/发现"是可数的，所以空格处填可数名词的复数形式。

故填Findings/Results/Conclusion。

（6）考查信息转述能力根据第四段中的"younger people were able to better identify angry and fearful facial cues than older people."可知，年轻人能比老人更好的辨别生气和害怕的面部表情。

故填better。

（7）考查信息转述能力。

格局第七段中的"This is the exact age when young people are most sensitive to forms of negative social cues"可知，青少年这个年纪是年轻人对消极的社会暗示最敏感的年纪，也就是青春期时这些消极情绪的敏感度会达到高峰。

与"most sensitive"呼应。

故填peak/summit/highest。

（8）考查信息转述能力。

根据第八段中的"researchers found no decline in the perception (感知)of happiness among older participants."可知，在老人参与者中研究人员没有发现对幸福感知能力的下降，也就是说幸福感知能力没有随着年龄下降。

故填decline。

（9）考查信息转述能力。

根据第十段中的"She added that these findings fit well with other researches"可知，这些发现与其它研究人员的发现一致。

主语What the research proves为第三人称单数形式，故可填agrees/corresponds。

（10）考查信息转述能力。

根据第十一段中的“gathering their pri mary research online allowed the team to research into a ‘much larger and more diverse sample set’ than previous studies.”可知，与以前的研究相比，主要通过网络收集信息能让这个团队对"更大更多样性的样本组"进行试验。

也就是说这次样本的大小和多样性都比之前的研究有优势。

故填diversity。

【点评】本题考点涉及信息转述能力的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。

3．Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Self-Care Strategies for College Students
Most college students don't put self-care at the top of their to do lists. When you're caught up
in the whirlwind (旋风) of classes, extra-curricular, work, friendship, and final exams, it's easy to ignore a task that doesn't come with a deadline (eve n if that task is simply “taking care of yourself”). Embrace the excitement and intensity of college life, but remember that maintaining your physical, mental, and emotional health is essential to your success and well-being. ________ Instead, take time out to take care of yourself with some of these self-care strategies.
Get Away for Some Alone Time. If you live with roommates, privacy can be hard to come by, so make it your mission to find a peaceful place on campus to call your own. ________ Take a Mindful Walk Around Campus. When you're strolling to class, try this mindfulness exercise to center yourself and destress. ________ Feel free to people-watch, but pay attention to sensory details too, like the smell of a nearby barbecue or the sensation of pavement under your shoes. Take note of at least five beautiful or intriguing things you notice along your route. You might find yourself feeling a little calmer by the time you reach your destination.
Stage a Sleep Intervention. How much sleep do you really get each night? ________ By doing that, you'll begin the process of repaying your sleep debt and establishing healthy new sleep habits. Don't buy into the myth that the less you're sleeping, the harder you're working. Your mind and body need consistent sleep to operate at optimum levels – you simply can't do your best work without it.
Download a New Podcast. Take a break from the books, grab your headphones, and listen to some immersive mysteries, compelling interviews, or laugh-out-loud comedy. There are thousands of podcasts covering almost every subject imaginable, so you're sure to find something that interests you.
A. As you walk, pay close attention to your surroundings.
B. Make a plan to get off campus and explore your surroundings.
C. If you're averaging seven hours or less, commit to sleeping at least eight hours tonight.
D. If you're feeling stressed or overwhelmed, don't punish yourself by pushing your mind and body to their limits.
E. A comfortable corner in the library and even an empty classroom are perfect places to relax and recharge.
F. Actually, it is possible to shorten sleep time by up to 1 hour without the risk of sleep deprivation (剥夺) if you know how to have high quality sleep.
【答案】 D；E；A；C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大学生的自我保健策略。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空后“ Instead, take time out to take care of yourself with some of these self-care strategies. ”“相反，花点时间用这些自我照顾策略来照顾自己。

”承接下文，D. If you're feeling stressed or overwhelmed, don't punish yourself by pushing your mind and body to the ir limits.“如果你感到有压力或不堪重负，不要把自己的身心推向极限来惩罚自己。

”符合语境。

下文中的Instead表示前后是一种转折关系，故选D。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前“ If you live with roommates, privacy
can be hard to come by, so make it your mission to find a peaceful place on campus to call your own. ”如果你和室友住在一起，你可能很难获得隐私，所以你的任务就是在校园里找一个安静的属于你自己的地方，承接上文，E. A comfortable corner in the library and even an empty classroom are perfect places to relax and recharge.“图书馆舒适的角落，甚至空教室都是放松和充电的好地方。

”符合语境，故选E。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前“ When you're strolling to class, try this mindfulness exercise to center yourself and destress. ”当你漫步去上课的时候，试着做这个专注的练习来集中注意力，减压；再根据空后“ Feel free to people-watch, but pay attention to sensory details too, like the smell of a nearby barbecue or the sensation of pavement under your shoes. ”可以随意观察别人，但也要注意一些感官细节，比如附近烤肉的味道或你脚下人行道的感觉。

”承接上下文，A.As you walk, pay close attention to your surroundings.“当你走路时，密切注意你周围的环境。

”符合语境，故选A。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空后“ By doing that, you'll begin the process of repaying your sleep debt and establishing healthy new sleep habits. ”通过这样做，你将开始偿还你的睡眠债务和建立健康的新睡眠习惯的过程。

承接下文，C.If you're averaging seven hours or less, commit to sleeping at least eight hours tonight.“如果你的平均睡眠时间是7个小时或更少，那就保证今晚至少睡8个小时。

”符合语境，故选C。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

4．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Find a quiet location. Keep a routine. Focus on one subject at a time. It all seems like sound advice for students who need to hit the books, ________ . Here's a list of tips from Carey, a scientist, for getting the most out of your study time.
________.
Doing practice quizzes can help you retrieve（检索）information on test day. “Tests have a very bad reputation as a measurement tool,” Carey says. But psychologists have found self-tests slow down the forgetting of material you've studied. “If you study something once, and then you test yourself on it,” Carey says, “you do better than if you study it twice over.”
Move around
________ . “If you move around and study the same material in several places,” he says, “you may be forming multiple associations for the same material. So it's better anchored in your brain, and you can pull it out easier.”
Mix it up
Think about a football who does strength training, speed training and drills. Carey says alternating between diffe rent facets facts of a subject in a single sitting can “leave a deeper
impression on the brain”. For example, when studying French, do some verbs, some speaking and some reading. ________ .
Space it out
Information learned in a hurry is lost just as fast. So if you really want to learn, space out shorter, hour-long study sessions. “There's no doubt that you can cram for（突击备考）an exam.” Carey says, “________. And once it's gone, “it's gone. You're not getting it back.”
A. Test yourself
B. Study it and practice more
C. and it turns out that some of them are in great help
D. but recent studies indicate the conventional wisdom is wrong
E. The problem is that it's so easy to forget what you just crammed
F. Changing up where you study can help you keep more information
G. Spending your time in deep concentration on just verbs isn't effective
【答案】 D；A；F；G；E
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何充分利用你的学习时间的几点建议。

（1）上文说找一个安静的地方，保持常规，一次只关注一个科目，这似乎都是很合理的建议，下文又介绍了如何充分利用你的学习时间的几点建议，此处需要一个承上启下的过渡句，既与上文的建议形成转折关系，又要引出下文介绍的建议，故D项（但是，最近的研究表明传统的观点是错误的）符合语境。

（2）根据本段内容，特别是“Doing practice quizzes can help you retrieve information on test day”可知，做练习题可以帮助你在考试当天检索信息，本段讲的是要进行自我测试，故A 项（自我测试）符合语境。

（3）根据本空后的“If you move around and study the same material in several places,” he says, “you may be forming multiple associations for the same material.”可知，如果你在不同的地方学习同一种材料，你会产生多种联想，此处讲的是在不同的地点学习的好处，故F项（改变学习地点可以帮助你保存更多信息）符合语境。

（4）根据本空前的“For example, when studying French, do some verbs, some speaking and some reading.”可知，学习法语时，做一些动词，说一些，读一些，此处承接上文，讲的还是关于学习法语的内容，故G项（把时间集中在动词上是没有效果的）符合语境。

（5）根据本空后的“And once it's gone, “it's gone. You're not getting it back.”可知，一旦它消失了，你就想不起来了，此处说的是有关遗忘的内容，故E项（问题是你很容易忘记刚刚记住的东西）符合语境。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤
1）分析选项，串联主题：了解文章的主题、大意，会让解题的方向更明确。

2）研究空格前后，对比选项，选择答案。

3）复读短文，核对答案：为了保证答案的正确性，一定要把答案代入原文，进行核对检查。

5．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

If you travel, you will leave a carbon footprint in your wake. You can't help it. But eco-friendly
travel practices can lighten the harm on Mother Earth. Green travel is not a passing trend but a lifestyle choice. ________.
Choosing a green destination
No destination is a Green Giant. ________. However, some countries and cities show a deep commitment to Earth-friendly policies and practices. When researching a vacation spot, look for places that naturally embrace the green lifestyle.
Choosing green transportation
What makes Mother Earth proud? Seeing you use your own power to get around. Many adventure tour operators arrange cycling, hiking and walking holidays. ________. The greenest rides typically run on electric power. Switzerland is taking the lead with its hybrid buses and trains powered by hydroelectricity; Japan is running close behind.
Choosing a green hotel
Once you are at your destination, if you can get the hotel right, you can make the greatest impact. ________. Look for a fact sheet online, or call the front desk. You can also search for hotels approved by respected certification programs, such as Green Key and the Global Sustainable Tourism Council.
________.
The Earth-friendly choices are numerous: You can sail, bike, kayak, bike, swim, bird-watch and play I-spy-a-monkey in a tree. Visit a local food market, and don't forget to bring a reusable bag for purchases. You can also lend a hand during your holiday. The green movement has changed from how to preserve and protect to how to use less and do good when you're there.
A. Choosing green travel
B. Choosing green activities
C. Next in line are trains and buses
D. They all make environmental missteps
E. Most major chains operate in-house green program
F. If you plan to drive, consider a fuel-efficient vehicle
G. Follow the tips and watch your footprints turn greener
【答案】 G；D；C；E；B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何进行绿色旅游的几点建议。

（1）上文说绿色旅游不是一时的潮流，而是一种生活方式的选择，下文又介绍了绿色旅游的建议，此处需要一个承上启下的过渡句，G项（遵循这些建议，看着你的脚印变得更绿）符合语境，故答案选G。

（2）根据本空前的“No destination is a Green Giant.”可知，没有哪一个目的地是绿色巨人，此处是说它们在环境方面都有不足之处，D项（它们都犯了环境方面的错误）符合语境，故答案选D。

（3）根据本空前的“Many adventure tour operators arrange cycling, hiking and walking ho lidays.”可知，很多探险旅行社安排自行车、徒步旅行和徒步度假，此处说的还是旅行方式，C项（接下来是火车和公共汽车）符合语境，故答案选C。

（4）根据本空后的“Look for a fact sheet online, or call the front desk.”可知，在网上找一份简报，或打电话给前台，此处应该提到企业或机构，E项（大多数大型连锁企业都有自己
的绿色计划）符合语境，故答案选E。

（5）根据本段中的“The Earth-friendly choices are numerous”可知，有很多绿色活动可供选择，B项（选择绿色活动）符合语境，故答案选B。

【点评】七选五阅读解题技巧如下：1.注重句式的对接，比如排比句，祈使句等。

2. 注重词汇的衔接：也就是利用上下文所重复的关键词，即词的复现原则进行判断，其中包括同义词，原词和反义词的复现。

3.注重举例或解释等。

6．阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

My dad is a kind, gentle man, and a man of few words. Throughout my life, he offered advice rarely. But the words were always appropriate to the situation I was facing.
As a teen when I struggled with making sense of the world around me, he said, “All things are relative.” He taught me the right view of the world. When I was offered th e opportunity to be a manager of an organization as an undergraduate student, I asked him for advice because he was a senior manager of a large company. His advice was simple, “Only when you become the manager can you have a vision for how you can make the organization better; management isn't about power and it's about leadership.” I learned what I needed was not only to be responsible for my team but also to have leading ability. When I was feeling down, he explained, “Think that you make the wrong choice s in life, sometimes.”
My dad is 86 now, living on his own and enjoying life while struggling with the challenges that aging brings. He keeps a positive attitude despite long pain and the losses that come in life. Although we live quite far away from each other, we talk daily on the phone, and he shares the joys of my young family. As I tell him how we're heading off cycling or on a trip or out to play tennis, now his typical response is, “Do it while you can.” This is very important. We can't be sure of the future. My father's advice is like the ancient dictum（格言）of “ carpe diem”— seize the day and enjoy it to the fullest.
My dad rarely “lectured me”. He trusted me, and helped me when I needed help. His patience and wisdom have been true gifts in my life. As I doubt my ability and my motivation, I recall his most recent gift of wisdom, “Do it while you can”. It's enough to “just get me started”.
（1）Why did the author's dad tell him “All things are relative.”? (No more than 10 words) （2）What qualities should a manager have according to the author? (No more than 5 words) （3）What is the purpose of the author's father talking with him on the phone every day? (No more than 10 words)
（4）How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (No more than 10 words)
（5）How do you feel about the ancient dictum of “carpe diem”? (No more than 20 words) 【答案】（1）To teach the author the right view of the world.
（2）Both responsibility and leading ability.
（3）Learning (To learn) more about the pleasure of the author's family.
（4）His father's words make him take action.
（5）(One possible version:) I totally agree with it, because I think one should seize the day to
enjoy his life without regret.
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。

作者介绍了自己的父亲及父亲对自己的教导和启发。

（1）考查信息提升能力。

根据第二段中的“As a teen when I struggled with making sense of the world around me, he said, ‘All things are relative.’ He taught me the right view of the world.”可知，作者的父亲说“所有的事情都是相对的。

”是为了教给作者正确的世界观。

考虑词数限制，故答To teach the author the right view of the world.
（2）考查信息提升能力。

根据第二段中的“I learned what I needed was not only to be responsible for my team but also to have leading ability.”可知，作者明白了作为经理他需要的不仅仅是对团队负责，还要有领导能力。

考虑词数限制，故答Both responsibility and leading ability.
（3）考查信息提升能力。

根据第三段中的“Although we live quit e far away from each other, we talk daily on the phone, and he shares the joys of my young family. ”可知，作者的父亲每天和他通电话的目的实际上是想分享年轻家庭的快乐。

考虑词数限制，故答Learning (To learn) more about the pleasure of the author's family.
（4）考查信息提升能力。

根据最后一段中的“As I doubt my ability an d my motivation, I recall his most recent gift of wisdom, “Do it while you can”. It's enough to “just get me started”可知，当作者怀疑自己的能力和动机时，他会想起父亲最近赐予他的智慧——“趁你能做的时候去做”。

这足以让我“开始”了。

由此可知，划线句意为，父亲的话让自己行动起来。

考虑词数限制，故答His father's words make him take action.
（5）考查信息提升能力。

此题答案不统一，答题时要有立场、要有依据，同时注意字数限制。

例如：I totally agree with it, because I think one should seize the day to enjoy his life without regret.（我完全同意，因为我认为一个人应该抓住这一天，享受他的生活没有遗憾）
【点评】本题涉及信息提升能力的考查，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，从而做出正确答案。

7．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。

Fighting the curse of presenteeism
"It's true hard work never killed anybody, but I figure, why take the chance?" Beyond a certain level, extra effort seems to be self-defeating. Studies suggest that, after 10 hours a week, employee productivity falls sharply.
But that doesn't stop some managers from demanding that workers stay chained to their desk for long periods. Jack Ma, the founder of Alibaba, recently applauded the "996" model, where employees work from 9am to 9pm, six days a week, as a huge blessing". However, to modem office workers presenteeism is a curse.
There will be days when you do not have much to do, just waiting for someone else to respond to a request. As the clock ticks past 5pm, there may be no purpose in staying at your desk. But you can see your boss hard at work and, more important, they can see you. So you make an effort to look busy.
If bosses do not like to go home before their underlings (下属)and underlings fear leaving before their bosses, everyone is trapped. Staff may feel that they will not get a pay rise, or a promotion, if they are not seen to be putting in maximum effort. This is easily confused with long hours. Managers, who are often no good at judging employees5 performance, use time in the office as a measurement.
But presenteeism has more serious consequences. As well as reducing productivity, this can increase medical expenses for the employer. According to a study, these costs can be six time: higher for employers than the costs of absenteeism among workers. To take one example, research found that Japanese employees with lower-back pain were three times more likely to turn up for work than in Britain. As a result, those workers were more likely to experience greater pain and to suffer from depression. What could be more discouraging than being in pain while feeling trapped at work?
"None of this is to say that employers are not entitled to expect workers to be in the office for a small amount of time. Unavoidably there will be a need for some (preferably short)meetings. Dealing with colleagues face-to-face develops friendships, allows for a useful exchange of ideas and enables workers to have a better sense of their common needs.
With portable smart phones and laptops, we can work at home as easily as in the office. Turning an office into a prison does nothing for the creativity that is increasingly demanded of office workers as routine tasks are automatic. To be productive you need presence of mind, not being present in the flesh.
paid/covered/afforded；tendency；use/help；Benefits；face-to-face；understand
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了老板如何应对工人工作中的不满。

（1）考查信息归纳。

根据文章内容结合表格，先给出现象，讨论这种现象的原因、后果。

因此答案Phenomenon。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的"Staff may feel ……not get a raise，or a promotion……efforts"得出答案是give sb. an edge/advantage“给某人优势”。

故填edge/advantage。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“Managers, who are often no good at judging employees5 p erformance, use time in the office as a measurement.”，老板不擅长评判员工的表现，就会把时长作为考核手段得知答案是考核，故填evaluated /measured/judged。

（4）考查原词复现。

根据第五段中的“ As well as reducing productivity, this can increase medical expenses for the employer. ”和第三段中的“ So you make an effort to look busy.”，可知答案是productivity。

（5）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的“As well as reducing productivity, this can increase medical expenses for the employer. ”，可得知雇主还需多支付员工的医疗费用，因而表格中更多的医疗费用要雇主为员工负担。

注意被动语态的使用，故填 paid/covered/afforded。

（6）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的“As a result, those wor kers were more likely to experience greater pain and to suffer from depression. ”可以得知员工工作时长过长，不仅身体上出现健康问题，心里上也遭受巨大压力，have a tendency to固定短语，“有……倾向，有……趋势”，故填 tendency。

（7）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"……does nothing for the creativity……"可知答案是be of no use固定短语“毫无帮助”，所以填use/help。

（8）考查推理判断。

根据表格给出的内容可知都是face-to-face contact的好处，因而由文章内容概括为benefits，注意表格中第一栏首字母大写，故填 Benefits。

（9）考查细节理解。

很据第六段中的“Dealing with colleagues face--to--face develops friendships, allows for a useful exchange of ideas and enables workers to have a better sense of their common needs.”，可知在阐述face--to-face 的工作方式，因而答案为face -to- face，面对面的思想沟通、意见交流。

（10）考查推理判断。

根据第六段中的"Dealing with colleagues face-to-face develops friendships, allows for a useful exchange of ideas and enables workers to have a better sense of their common needs"可知答案是更好的明白。

故填understand。

【点评】本题涉及信息归纳，细节理解，推理判断和原词复现四个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，写出正确答案。

8．任务型阅读
Ways to Free Your Mind You're Feeling Stuck
Have you ever like you were racing around in without making much forward progress? If you're stuck and you don't know how to rise, don't look outside yourself. Look below.________
Go back to what's important
When we get stuck, it can be extremely useful to come back to these three things: core values, beliefs and goals. Why?________。