817C

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软件破解时间限制

软件破解时间限制
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crack常见技巧
运行时间限制
一、运行时间限制
这种程序是每次运行的时间有限制,如运行10分钟,20分钟等情况。
它们里面一般有个计时器,让我们假设这程序每秒减一,其会用上DEC指令。一般的程序是32位,你反汇编后查找"dec dword ptr",如运气好的话,有可能给你提供重要的线索。
当然实现这种功能方法很多,需要我们多接触这种类型就能掌握。
3、还有一种方法是常用的,把系统时间调后,程序将出现到期的警告窗,然后记下警告窗的一些提示语言,在W32DASM中利用串式数据参考功能( string reference)查找,然后分析代码,CRACK它。
另外,有一点要注意的,如这对话框或警告窗是中文的,在W32DASM是找不到相应的中文字串的,你可用十六进制工具把相关的中文的提示改成英文,如其提示:“你的使用时间到期”。你用十六进制工具把这改成:“Trial Time has expired”(注意改后的字节不可超过原文的字节数),再用W32DASM查找字串。
附:FILETIM 类型定义
类型定义Type FILETIME ' 8 Bytes
dwLowDateTime As Long
dwHighDateTime As Long
End Type说明windows提供了一种特殊的机制,可以记录文件的访问及创建时间。在win32环境中,这些信息以64位值的形式保存,量度的是自1601年1月1日以来经历的100ns时间单位数量(64-bit number specifying the elapsed time since January 1, 1601, in 100-nanosecond increments.)字段表字段类型及说明dwLowDateTimeLong,Low and high-order 32 bits of the file timedwHighDateTime注解文件时间在系统中通常用“协同世界时间”(UTC)的格式保存,但同时提供了在UTC及本地时间之间转换的函数。FILETIME结构里可包含UTC或本地时间——由我们自行决定在结构中包含什么时间

光耦参数及资料

光耦参数及资料

市场常见光耦内部图:光电耦合器(简称光耦)是开关电源电路中常用的器件。

光电耦合器分为两种:一种为非线性光耦,另一种为线性光耦。

常用的4N系列光耦属于非线性光耦常用的线性光耦是PC817A—C系列。

非线性光耦的电流传输特性曲线是非线性的,这类光耦适合于弄开关信号的传输,不适合于传输模拟量。

线性光耦的电流传输手特性曲线接进直线,并且小信号时性能较好,能以线性特性进行隔离控制。

开关电源中常用的光耦是线性光耦。

如果使用非线性光耦,有可能使振荡波形变坏,严重时出现寄生振荡,使数千赫的振荡频率被数十到数百赫的低频振荡依次为号调制。

由此产生的后果是对彩电,彩显,VCD,DCD等等,将在图像画面上产生干扰。

同时电源带负载能力下降。

在彩电,显示器等开关电源维修中如果光耦损坏,一定要用线性光耦代换。

常用的4脚线性光耦有PC817A----C。

PC111 TLP521等常用的六脚线性光耦有:TLP632 TLP532 PC614 PC714 PS2031等。

常用的4N25 4N26 4N35 4N36是不适合用于开关电源中的,因为这4种光耦均属于非线性光耦。

以下是目前市场上常见的高速光藕型号:100K bit/S:6N138、6N139、PS87031M bit/S:6N135、6N136、CNW135、CNW136、PS8601、PS8602、PS8701、PS9613、PS9713、CNW4502、HCPL-2503、HCPL-4502、HCPL-2530(双路)、HCPL-2531(双路)10M bit/S:6N137、PS9614、PS9714、PS9611、PS9715、HCPL-2601、HCPL-2611、HCPL-2630(双路)、HCPL-2631(双路)光耦合器的增益被称为晶体管输出器件的电流传输比 (CTR),其定义是光电晶体管集电极电流与LED正向电流的比率(ICE/IF)。

光电晶体管集电极电流与VCE有关,即集电极和发射极之间的电压。

浙江昆仑光电有限公司 817C型号光电接线器产品说明书

浙江昆仑光电有限公司 817C型号光电接线器产品说明书

Dimensions: [mm]2112Scale - 3:1Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG EMC & Inductive Solutions Max-Eyth-Str. 174638 Waldenburg Germany140817141310Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KGEMC & Inductive Solutions140817141310 Max-Eyth-Str. 174638 WaldenburgGermanyTotal Power Dissipation vs. Ambient Temperature:20406080100120140160-55-35-15525456585105125IR-diode -I F(mA)Ambient Temperature (°C)Phototransistor-PO(mW)CollectorPowerDissipation(mW)ForwardCurrent(mA)Collector Dark Current vs. Ambient Temperature:11010010001000025456585105125CollectorDarkCurrent(nA)Ambient Temperature (°C)V CE= 20VV CE= 10VNote: measured with Bin BWürth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KGEMC & Inductive SolutionsMax-Eyth-Str. 174638 WaldenburgGermanyCHECKED REVISION DATE (YYYY-MM-DD)GENERAL TOLERANCE PROJECTIONMETHODSaVo001.0052023-08-22DIN ISO 2768-1mDESCRIPTIONWL-OCPT OptocouplerPhototransistor ORDER CODE140817141310SIZE/TYPE BUSINESS UNIT STATUS PAGEAbsolute CTR vs. Ambient Temperature50100150200250300-60-40-20020406080100120AbsoluteCTRAmbient Temperature (°C)V CE= 5VV CE= 0,4VTestcondition: I F=5mA, T A=25°C, Bin BRelative CTR vs. Ambient Temperature:0,40,60,811,21,4-60-40-20020406080100120RelativeCTRAmbient Temperature (°C)V CE= 5VV CE= 0,4VTestcondition: I F=5mA, Normalized to T A=25°C, Bin BWürth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KGEMC & Inductive SolutionsMax-Eyth-Str. 174638 WaldenburgGermanyCHECKED REVISION DATE (YYYY-MM-DD)GENERAL TOLERANCE PROJECTIONMETHODSaVo001.0052023-08-22DIN ISO 2768-1mDESCRIPTIONWL-OCPT OptocouplerPhototransistor ORDER CODE140817141310SIZE/TYPE BUSINESS UNIT STATUS PAGEWürth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KGEMC & Inductive Solutions140817141310 Max-Eyth-Str. 174638 WaldenburgGermanyWürth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KGEMC & Inductive Solutions140817141310 Max-Eyth-Str. 174638 WaldenburgGermany050100150200250300350400450A b s o l u t e C T R (%)Testcondition T A Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG EMC & Inductive Solutions Max-Eyth-Str. 174638 Waldenburg Germany140817141310050100150200250300A b s o l u t e C T R (%)Testcondition T A Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG EMC & Inductive Solutions Max-Eyth-Str. 174638 Waldenburg Germany1408171413100102030R e s p o n s e T i m e (µs )Testcondition I C Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG EMC & Inductive Solutions Max-Eyth-Str. 174638 Waldenburg Germany140817141310Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KGEMC & Inductive Solutions140817141310 Max-Eyth-Str. 174638 WaldenburgGermanyWürth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KGEMC & Inductive Solutions140817141310 Max-Eyth-Str. 174638 WaldenburgGermanyT e m p e r a t u r eT T T Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG EMC & Inductive Solutions Max-Eyth-Str. 174638 Waldenburg Germany140817141310Cautions and Warnings:The following conditions apply to all goods within the product series of Optoelectronic Components of Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG:General:•This optoelectronic component is designed and manufactured for use in general electronic equipment.•Würth Elektronik must be asked for written approval (following the PPAP procedure) before incorporating the components into any equipment in fields such as military, aerospace, aviation, nuclear control, submarine, transportation (automotive control, train control,ship control), transportation signal, disaster prevention, medical, public information network, etc. where higher safety and reliability are especially required and/or if there is the possibility of direct damage or human injury.•Optoelectronic components that will be used in safety-critical or high-reliability applications, should be pre-evaluated by the customer. •The optoelectronic component is designed and manufactured to be used within the datasheet specified values. If the usage and operation conditions specified in the datasheet are not met, the wire insulation may be damaged or dissolved. •Do not drop or impact the components, the component may be damaged•Würth Elektronik products are qualified according to international standards, which are listed in each product reliability report. Würth Elektronik does not warrant any customer qualified product characteristics beyond Würth Elektroniks’ specifications, for its validity and sustainability over time.•The responsibility for the applicability of the customer specific products and use in a particular customer design is always within the authority of the customer. All technical specifications for standard products also apply to customer specific products.•Unless Würth Elektroik has given its express consent, the customer is under no circumstances entitled to reverse engineer, disassemble or otherwise attempt to extract knowledge or design information from the optoelectronic component.Product specific:Soldering:•The solder profile must comply with the technical product specifications. All other profiles will void the warranty. •All other soldering methods are at the customers’ own risk•The soldering pad pattern shown above is a general recommendation for the easy assembly of optoelectronic components. If a high degree of precision is required for the selected application (i.e. high density assembly), the customer must ensure that the soldering pad pattern is optimized accordingly.Cleaning and Washing:•Washing agents used during the production to clean the customer application might damage or change the characteristics of the optoelectronic component body, marking or plating. Washing agents may have a negative effect on the long-term functionality of the product.• Using a brush during the cleaning process may break the optoelectronic component body. Therefore, we do not recommend using a brush during the PCB cleaning process.Potting:•If the product is potted in the customer application, the potting material might shrink or expand during and after hardening. Shrinking could lead to an incomplete seal, allowing contaminants into the optoelectronic component body, pins or termination. Expansion could damage the components. We recommend a manual inspection after potting to avoid these effects.Storage Conditions:• A storage of Würth Elektronik products for longer than 12 months is not recommended. Within other effects, the terminals may suffer degradation, resulting in bad solderability. Therefore, all products shall be used within the period of 12 months based on the day of shipment.•Do not expose the optoelectronic component to direct sunlight.•The storage conditions in the original packaging are defined according to DIN EN 61760-2.•For a moisture sensitive component, the storage condition in the original packaging is defined according to IPC/JEDEC-J-STD-033. It is also recommended to return the optoelectronic component to the original moisture proof bag and reseal the moisture proof bag again. •The storage conditions stated in the original packaging apply to the storage time and not to the transportation time of the components.Packaging:•The packaging specifications apply only to purchase orders comprising whole packaging units. If the ordered quantity exceeds or is lower than the specified packaging unit, packaging in accordance with the packaging specifications cannot be ensured.Handling:•Violation of the technical product specifications such as exceeding the nominal rated current, will void the warranty. •The product design may influence the automatic optical inspection.•Certain optoelectronic component surfaces consist of soft material. Pressure on the top surface has to be handled carefully to prevent negative influence to the function and reliability of the optoelectronic components.•ESD prevention methods need to be applied for manual handling and processing by machinery. •Resistors for protection are obligatory.•In addition to optoelectronic components testing, products incorporating these devices have to comply with the safety precautions given in IEC 60825-1, IEC 62471 and IEC 62778.Technical specification:•The typical and/or calculated values and graphics of technical parameters can only reflect statistical figures. The actual parameters ofeach single product, may differ from the typical and/or calculated values or the typical characteristic line.Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG EMC & Inductive Solutions Max-Eyth-Str. 174638 Waldenburg GermanyCHECKED REVISION DATE (YYYY-MM-DD)GENERAL TOLERANCEPROJECTION METHODSaVo001.0052023-08-22DIN ISO 2768-1mDESCRIPTIONWL-OCPT Optocoupler PhototransistorORDER CODE140817141310SIZE/TYPEBUSINESS UNITSTATUSPAGE•In the characteristics curves, all values given in dotted lines may show a higher deviation than the paramters mentioned above. •On each reel, only one bin is sorted and taped. The bin is defined on the current transfer ratio.•In order to ensure highest availability, the reel binning of standard deliveries can vary. A single bin cannot be ordered. Please contact us in advance, if you need a particular bin sorting before placing your order.•These cautions and warnings comply with the state of the scientific and technical knowledge and are believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for inaccuracies or incompleteness.The customer has the sole responsibility to ensure that he uses the latest version of this datasheet, which is available on Würth Elektronik’s homepage. Unless otherwise agreed in writing (i.e. customer specific specification), changes to the content of this datasheet may occurwithout notice, provided that the changes do not have a significant effect on the usability of the optoelectronic components.Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG EMC & Inductive Solutions Max-Eyth-Str. 174638 Waldenburg GermanyCHECKED REVISION DATE (YYYY-MM-DD)GENERAL TOLERANCEPROJECTION METHODSaVo001.0052023-08-22DIN ISO 2768-1mDESCRIPTIONWL-OCPT Optocoupler PhototransistorORDER CODE140817141310SIZE/TYPEBUSINESS UNITSTATUSPAGEImportant NotesThe following conditions apply to all goods within the product range of Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG:1. General Customer ResponsibilitySome goods within the product range of Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG contain statements regarding general suitability for certain application areas. These statements about suitability are based on our knowledge and experience of typical requirements concerning the areas, serve as general guidance and cannot be estimated as binding statements about the suitability for a customer application. The responsibility for the applicability and use in a particular customer design is always solely within the authority of the customer. Due to this fact it is up to the customer to evaluate, where appropriate to investigate and decide whether the device with the specific product characteristics described in the product specification is valid and suitable for the respective customer application or not.2. Customer Responsibility related to Specific, in particular Safety-Relevant ApplicationsIt has to be clearly pointed out that the possibility of a malfunction of electronic components or failure before the end of the usual lifetime cannot be completely eliminated in the current state of the art, even if the products are operated within the range of the specifications.In certain customer applications requiring a very high level of safety and especially in customer applications in which the malfunction or failure of an electronic component could endanger human life or health it must be ensured by most advanced technological aid of suitable design of the customer application that no injury or damage is caused to third parties in the event of malfunction or failure of an electronic component. Therefore, customer is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. The current data sheets can be downloaded at .3. Best Care and AttentionAny product-specific notes, cautions and warnings must be strictly observed. Any disregard will result in the loss of warranty.4. Customer Support for Product SpecificationsSome products within the product range may contain substances which are subject to restrictions in certain jurisdictions in order to serve specific technical requirements. Necessary information is available on request. In this case the field sales engineer or the internal sales person in charge should be contacted who will be happy to support in this matter.5. Product R&DDue to constant product improvement product specifications may change from time to time. As a standard reporting procedure of the Product Change Notification (PCN) according to the JEDEC-Standard inform about minor and major changes. In case of further queries regarding the PCN, the field sales engineer or the internal sales person in charge should be contacted. The basic responsibility of the customer as per Section 1 and 2 remains unaffected.6. Product Life CycleDue to technical progress and economical evaluation we also reserve the right to discontinue production and delivery of products. As a standard reporting procedure of the Product Termination Notification (PTN) according to the JEDEC-Standard we will inform at an early stage about inevitable product discontinuance. According to this we cannot guarantee that all products within our product range will always be available. Therefore it needs to be verified with the field sales engineer or the internal sales person in charge about the current product availability expectancy before or when the product for application design-in disposal is considered. The approach named above does not apply in the case of individual agreements deviating from the foregoing for customer-specific products.7. Property RightsAll the rights for contractual products produced by Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG on the basis of ideas, development contracts as well as models or templates that are subject to copyright, patent or commercial protection supplied to the customer will remain with Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG. Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG does not warrant or represent that any license, either expressed or implied, is granted under any patent right, copyright, mask work right, or other intellectual property right relating to any combination, application, or process in which Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG components or services are used.8. General Terms and ConditionsUnless otherwise agreed in individual contracts, all orders are subject to the current version of the “General Terms and Conditions of Würth Elektronik eiSos Group”, last version available at .Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KGEMC & Inductive SolutionsMax-Eyth-Str. 174638 WaldenburgGermanyCHECKED REVISION DATE (YYYY-MM-DD)GENERAL TOLERANCE PROJECTIONMETHODSaVo001.0052023-08-22DIN ISO 2768-1mDESCRIPTIONWL-OCPT OptocouplerPhototransistor ORDER CODE140817141310SIZE/TYPE BUSINESS UNIT STATUS PAGE。

常用芯片功能表

常用芯片功能表

常用芯片功能表17555 HD 单时基电路[返回]27128 ST 16K×8 EPROM2716 2K×8 EPROM2732 4K×8 EPROM2764A-2F1 ST 8K×8 EPRROM27C040-1500C 512K×8 EPROM(CMOS)27C1001-12F1 ST 128K×8 EPROM(CMOS)27C1024 ST [返回]27C128 ST 16K×8 EPROM27C16 2K×8 EPROM(CMOS)27C2001-10F1 ST 256K×8 EPROM(CMOS)27C256B-12F1 ST 32K×8 EPROM(CMOS)27C32 4K×8 EPROM(CMOS) 27C4000D-15 NEC 512K×8 EPROM(CMOS)27C4001-10F1 ST 512K×8 EPROM(CMOS)27C4001-10F1 ST 512K×8 EPROM(CMOS)27C512Q120 NS 64K×8 EPROM(CMOS)27C64A-15F1 ST 8K×8 EPROM(CMOS)27C8001-10F1 ST 1024K×8 EPROM(CMOS)27C801-100F1 ST 1024K×8 EPROM(CMOS) [返回] 27SF020-70-4C-NH SST 256K×8 EPROM(CMOS) 28F256 AMD/INTEL 32K×8 EPROM(CMOS)28F512 AMD/INTEL 64K×8 EPROM(CMOS)29EE010-150-4CF SST 128K×8 FLASH29F010B-70JC AMD 128K×8 FLASH29F010B-90PC AMD 128K×8 FLASH29F040B-70JC AMD 512K×8 FLASH29F040B-90PC AMD 512K×8 FLASH2SD1782K ROHM罗姆3844 MC 电流式控制器[返回]39VF160-90-4C SST4N25 FSC /QTC 光电藕合器(晶体管输岀)DATA 4N26 FSC /QTC 光电藕合器(晶体管输岀) 晶体管输岀DATA 4N27 FSC /QTC 光电藕合器(晶体管输岀)DATA4N28 FSC /QTC 光电藕合器(晶体管输岀)DATA4N30 FSC /QTC 光电藕合器(达林顿输出)DATA4N33 FSC /QTC 光电藕合器(达林顿输出)DATA4N35 FSC /QTC (达林顿输出) 光电藕合器DATA 4N36 FSC /QTC 光电藕合器(达林顿输出) 光电藕合器DATA4N37 FSC /QTC 光电藕合器(达林顿输出) 光电藕合器DATA 4N38 TOS 光电藕合器(达林顿输出) 电藕合器[返回]4N39 TOS 光电藕合器(可控硅驱动器输岀) 光电藕合器4N40 TOS 光电藕合器(可控硅驱动器输岀) 可控硅驱动器输岀光电藕合器628128ALP-7 HD 128K×8 D-RAM65LBC184 TI DATA6N135 FSC /QTC 光电藕合器6N136 FSC /QTC 光电藕合器(带晶体管缓冲器) 6N137 FSC /QTC 高速光电藕合器(带TTL缓冲器) 6N138 FSC /QTC 光电藕合器(带达林顿缓冲器) 6N139 FSC /QTC 光电藕合器(带达林顿缓冲器) 74ACT16244 TI DATA [返回]74AHC1G14DBVR TI DATA74ALVC164245 PHI DATA74ALVT164245 TI DATA74HCT1G125DBVR PHI/TI74HCT237 PHI DATA74LCX14MX FSC 六反相器DATA 74LV08 74LV14 TI 四2输入端与门DATA74LV14 TI 六反相器DATA74LVC1G08DCKR TI DATA [返回]74LVC1G14DCKR TI DATA74LVT16245 PHI80C32-1 INTEL MCS-51系列8位单片机8155 NEC 带I/O口及计时器的随机存储器81C55 OKI 带I/O口及计时器的随机存储器82C79 THINK 可编程键盘/显示接口AD574AJD AD 12位逐次比较型A/D转换器[返回]AD590JH ITS 宽范围温度传感器AD622AR AD 低价格,低功耗仪表放大器DATAAD637JQ AD 高精度,有效值直流放大器DATAAD654-JR AD 500MHZ,低价格压頻转换器DATAAD73360AR AD DATAAD7416AR AD DATAAD7501 AD 多路转换开关AD7513 AD 多路转换开关AD7520JN ITS 10位,COMOS数摸转换器AD7541AKN ADAD7545JN AD DATAAD7722AS AD DATA [返回]AD8044AR-14 AD 150MHZ带宽带电源限输出四运放DATA ADC0804LCN NS A/D转换器ADC0808 NS 多输入逐次比较型A/D转换器ADC0809CCN NS 多输入逐次比较型A/D转换器ADC0820CCN NS A/D转换器ADC0832CCN NS 8位CMOS型A/D转换器ADS1213E BB DATAADSP-21060CZ-160 ADAMS1117-1.8 AMS 低压差、低功耗稳压器[返回]AMS1117-3.3 AMS 低压差、低功耗稳压器AMS1117-5.0 AMS 低压差、低功耗稳压器AMS1117-ADJ AMS 可调.低压差、低功耗稳压器AS1115M-3.3 SIPEX美国600MA、低压差、低功耗稳压器AS2954-5.0 SIPEX美国微功耗、低功耗稳压器AT27C512R-90JC ATMEL 64K×8 EPROMAT89S51-24PC/JC ATMEL 4K×8位FLASH单片机AT89S52-24PC ATMEL 8K×8位FLASH单片机DATAAT89S52-24PI ATMEL 8K×8位FLASH单片机DATAAT89S8252-24AI ATMEL DATAAT89S8252-24JI ATMEL DATAATMEGE8515L-8AI ATMEL 中央控制器BF420 PHI DATA [返回]BT137 600VBTA41-600 STCA3046 ITS 通用晶体管阵列前置放大器大电流晶体管阵列晶体管阵列[返回]CA3080E ITS 前置放大器CA3083 ITS 大电流晶体管阵列CA3089E ITS 晶体管阵列CA3130E ITS 高输入阻抗运算放大器CA3140E ITS 高输入阻抗运算放大器CA3161E ITSCA3162E ITSCA3240E ITSCA3306CE ITSCD22M3494E ITSCF745-04/P microchip 单片机CM8870PI CMD 综合DTMF接收器[返回]CM8880PI CMD 综合DTMF发生接收器CM8888PI CMDCS5523-AS FSCCS8900A-CQ CrystalCS8900A-CQ3 CrystalCXA2647Q SONYCXD3068Q SONYDA1132 KHTEK [返回]DAC0800LCN NS D/A转换器DAC0808LCN NS 8位双极性电流输出型D/A转换器DAC0832LCN NS 8位CMOS型D/A转换器DAC1210 12位CMOS型D/A转换器DAC7644E BB DATADG508ACJ HARDS1488N NS 四线路驱动器DATADS1489AN NS 四线路接收器DATADS18B20 DS 温度传感器DS1990 DALLAS [返回]DS1991 DALLASDS26LS31CN NSDS26LS32ACN NSEL2280CS EL [返回]EPC1441PC ALTERAEPC1CC8 ALTERA DATAEPC2LC20 ALTERA DATAEPCS4SI8 ALTERA DATAEPF6016QC208-3 ALTERA EPM3032ALC44-10 ALTERA DATA EPM3032ATC44-10 ALTERA DATA EPM3128ATC100-10 ALTERA DATA EPM6024AQC208-3 ALTERA DATA EPM7032SLC44 ALTERA EPM7064SLC44-10 ALTERA DATA EPM7064STC100-10 ALTERA DATA EPM7064STC44-10 ALTERA DATA GD75232 TI DATA [返回]H11-574AJD-5 ITSH11A817 QTC 光电藕合器DATAH11A817A QTC 光电藕合器DATAH11A817B QTC 光电藕合器DATAH11A817C QTC 光电藕合器DATAH11D1 QTC 光电藕合器H11G1 FSC 光电藕合器H11L1 FSC 光电藕合器HA17324 HIT 四运算放大器HCNR200 安捷伦/惠普光电藕合器HCNR201 安捷伦线性光耦HCPL-0600 安捷伦/惠普高速光耦HCPL0631 安捷伦/惠线性光耦HCPL2530 安捷伦线性光耦HCPL2531 安捷伦/惠线性光耦HCPL2630 安捷伦/惠线性光耦HCPL316J 安捷伦/惠普光电藕合器[返回] HCPL7800 安捷伦/惠线性光耦HCPL7800A 安捷伦/惠线性光耦HCPL7840 安捷伦/惠普线性光耦HIN232CP ITS 232接口HM6264LP-70 HMC 8K×8 D-RAMHM9270D HMC DTMF解码器HSM5832RS -7 OKIHSM6242BRS-7 OKIHT7133 HTHUF76121P3 ITSHY62WT081ED70C HY 32K×8 D-RAMICL232CPE HAR 232接口[返回]ICL7106CPL ITS 单片三位半双积分A/D,驱动LCD ICL7107CPL ITS 单片三位半双积分A/D,驱动LED ICL7109 二进制输出积分型A/D转换器ICL7116CPL ITS 单片三位半双积分A/D,驱动LCD ICL7126CPL ITS 10MHZ通用频率计数器ICL7135CN TI 单片三位半双积分A/D,驱动LCD ICL7135CPI ITS 单片三位半双积分A/D,驱动LCD ICL7136CPL ITS BCD输出积分型A/D转换器ICL7650SCPD ITS 斩波稳零放大器ICL7660SCPA ITS CMOS直流转换器ICL7665SCPA ITSICL8038CCPD ITS 锯齿波发生器ICL8069 1.2V基准源[返回]ICM7211AIPI ITSICM7211AMIPI ITSICM7216DIPI ITSICM7218AIJI ITSICM7218DIJI ITSICM7232 HIRICM7555IPA ITS CMOS低功耗单时基电路ICM7556IPD ITS CMOS低功耗双时基电路IDT7132 IDTIDT7135-55P IDTIR2101 IR 场效应管IR2101S IR [返回]IR2103S IRIR2127S IRIR2128S IRIRF5210 IRIRF540 IR 场效应管IRFP250 IRIRFP460 IRISPLSI 1016E-80LJ LATTICE 大规模在线可改写门阵列ISPLSI 1024-80LJ LATTICE 大规模在线可改写门阵列ISPLSI1032E-70LJ LATTICE 大规模在线可改写门阵列KA331 FSC 精密电压频率转换器[返回]KA336-5.0 KA 5.0V精密基准电压源DATAKA3848 FSC KAMKA75330ZBU FSCKPC817D COSMO 光电藕合器L293B/D ST [返回]L4981A STL4981AD STL6574D STLA7217 SANYOLA76810A 家电ICLF347N FSC 带宽四运算放大器LF347N NS 带宽四运算放大器DATALF351 NS BI-FET单运算放大器DATALF353N FSC BI-FET双运算放大器LF353N NS BI-FET双运算放大器DATALF356N NS BI-FET单运算放大器DATALF398N NS 采样保持放大器DATALF411CN NS BI-FET单运算放大器DATALF412CN NS BI-FET双运放大器DATALF441CN NS 低功能耗JEFI输入远放LF442CN NS 双低功能耗JEFI输入远放DATALF444CN NS BI-FET四运算大器DATALM1117 多种电压NS 800MA、低压差、低功耗稳压器DATA [返回]LM119J NS DATALM1203AN NS 视频放大器LM139J NS 电压比较器DATALM1458N NS 双运算放大器DATALM1851 NS DATALM1875T NS 音频功率放大器DATALM1881N NS DATALM224J NS 低功耗四运算放大器(工业档)DATALM224N TI / ST 低功耗四运算放大器(工业档) [返回]LM2439T NS 功放ICDATALM2574HVN-5 NSLM2575T-5.0 NS 5V简易开关电源稳压器(1A)DATALM2576HVT-ADJ NS 高压输入可调1.23Vto37V简易开关电源稳压器(3A)DATA LM2576S-5.0 NS 5V简易开关电源稳压器( 3A )DATALM2576T-12 NS 12V简易开关电源稳压器(3A)DATALM2576T-5.0 NS 5V简易开关电源稳压器(3A)DATA LM2576T-ADJ NS 可调1.23Vto37V简易开关电源稳压器(3A)DATA LM2577S-ADJ NS 简易开关电源稳压器( 可调) [返回]LM258N ST 通用型双运算放大器DATALM2621 NS DATALM2677S-ADJ NS DATALM2731 NS DATALM285Z-2.5 NS 2.5V精密基准电压源(工业档)LM2901N NS 低功耗低失调四电压比较器DATALM2902N. NS 四运算放大器DATALM2903N NS FSC 低功耗低失调双电压比较器DATA LM2904N NS FSC 双运放大器DATALM2907N NS 频率电压转换器DATA LM2931AZ NS 5.0V低压差稳压器( TO-92 )DATALM2931CT NS 3Vto29V低压差稳压器DATALM2931T-5.0 NS 5.0V低压差稳压器DATALM2937IMP-12 NS DATALM2940CT-12 NS 12V低压差稳压器DATALM2940CT-5.0 NS 5.0V低压差稳压器DATALM301AN NS 运算放大器DATA [返回]LM305H NS 高精度可调4.5Vto40v稳压器LM3086N NS 三极管阵列LM308H NS 运算放大器(金属封装)DATALM308N NS 运算放大器DATALM311N NS 单电压比较器DATALM317K NS 1.2Vto37V三端正可调稳压器(1.5A)DATA LM317LZ FSC 1.2Vto37V三端正可调稳压器(0.1A) LM317LZ NS 1.2Vto37V三端正可调稳压器(0.1A)DATA LM317T NS 1.2Vto37V三端正可调稳压器(1.5A)DATA LM317T ON 1.2Vto37V三端正可调稳压器(1.5A)LM318N NS 高速运算放大器DATA [返回]LM319N NS 高速双比较器DATALM321 NS DATALM323K NS 精密5V稳压器( 3A )DATALM324N NS 四运算放大器DATALM331N NS 精密电压频率转换器DATALM334Z NS 可调整的当前的来源DATALM335Z NS 精密温度传感器DATALM336Z-2.5 FSC 2.5V精密基准电压源LM336Z-2.5 NS 2.5V精密基准电压源DATALM336Z-5.0 FSC 5.0V精密基准电压源LM336Z-5.0 NS 5.0V精密基准电压源DATALM337IMP NS 三端可调-1.2Vto-37V稳压器(1.5A)DATA LM337K NS 三端可调-1.2Vto-37V稳压器(1.5A)DATA LM337LZ NS 三端可调-1.2Vto-37V稳压器(0.1A)DATA LM337T FSC 三端可调-1.2Vto-37V稳压器(1.5A) [返回] LM337T NS 三端可调-1.2Vto-37V稳压器(1.5A)DATA LM338K NS 三端正可调1.2Vto32V稳压器(5A)DATA LM339N NS 四电压比较器DATALM339N TI 四电压比较器DATALM340MP-5.0 NS 稳压ICDATALM3478MM NS DATALM3485MM NS DATALM348N FSC 四运算放大器LM348N NS 四运算放大器DATALM350T FSC 三端可调1.2Vto32V稳压器DATA LM3524 NS 脉宽调制开关电源控制器DATA [返回] LM358N NS 通用型双运算放大器DATALM358P TI 通用型双运算放大器LM35DZ NS 精密温度传感器DATALM380N NS 音频功率放大器DATALM385Z-1.2 =8069 NS/FSC 1.2V精密基准电压源DATA LM385Z-2.5 NS/FSC 2.5V精密基准电压源DATALM386-1 NS 音频放大器DATALM386-3 NS 音频放大器DATALM3886 NS 音频大功率放大器DATALM3900 四运算放大器LM3914N NS 点/线显示驱动器LM3914N-1 NS 点/线显示驱动器DATALM3915N NS 点/线显示驱动器LM3915N-1 NS 点/线显示驱动器DATA LM3916N NS 点/线显示驱动器DATA [返回]LM392N NS DATALM393N NS 低功耗低失调双电压比较器DATA LM393P TI 低功耗低失调双电压比较器LM3940IMP-3.3 NS 3.3V低压差稳压器DATA LM399H NS 6.9999V电压基准源DATALM431ACZ FSC 精密可调2.5Vto36V基准稳压源DATA LM431ACZ NS 精密可调2.5Vto36V基准稳压源DATA LM4752T NS 音频功率放大器DATALM4766T NS 功放ICDATALM4871 NS 功放ICDATALM555CN NS FSC 单时基电路DATALM556CN FSC 双时基电路LM567CN NS 音频译码器DATALM709CN NSLM723CN NS 高精度可调2Vto37V稳压器DATA [返回] LM725 NS 高精度运算放大器DATALM741CN FSC 通用型运算放大器DATALM75CIMM NS 温度传感器DATALM77CIM NS 温度传感器DATALM833N NS DATALMC272 NS 双路运算放大器LMC6032IN NSLP2950ACN-3.3 SIPEX美国微功耗、可调电压调节器LP324N NS 四运算放大器DATALP3855ES-5.0 NS 稳压ICDATALP3871ES-5.0 NS 稳压ICDATALS1240A ST 电话振铃集成电路LT1118CST-2.85 NS DATALT1129CST-3.3 NS DATALT1761ES5-3.3V LTLT1962EMS LTLT1963ES LTM5M27C201K-12 三凌256K×8 EPROM(CMOS) [返回]MAX1480BCPI/BEPI MAX 完备的,每秒2.5M比特,隔离的RS-422数据接口DATAMAX1602EEE MAX DATA MAX187BCPA MAX 低功率,具有采样/保持和基准源的,12-BIT串行模数转换器DATAMAX197BCNG MAX487ECPA MAX 12位,8通道,故障保护带采保并行A/DMAX202EPE 防静电MAX 5V双组RS-232接收发送器DATAMAX310EWN MAX DATA MAX333ACPP MAX 四组单刀双掷,CMOS模拟开关DATA MAX333AEPP 工业MAX 四组单刀双掷,CMOS模拟开关DATAMAX394CPP MAX 模拟多路转换器DATAMAX4164ESD MAX DATAMAX4427CSA MAX DATAMAX4555CSE MAX DATAMAX4736EUB MAX DATA [返回]MAX483ESA-T MAX 额定转换速率的,350uA带底功率关断的,RS-485接收发送器DATA MAX487ECPA MAX RS-485接收发送器MAX488CPA MAX 额定转换速率的,350uA全双工RS-485接收发送器DATA MAX489CPD/CSD MAX 额定转换速率的,350uA全双工RS-485接收发送器DATAMAX491CPD MAX 500uA全双工RS-485接收发送器MAX5250ACPP MAX MAX5250AEPP MAXMAX532BCPE MAX 双组,串行12-BIT数模转换器DATAMAX541CCSA MAX DATAMAX541CESA MAX DATA MAX7219CNG MAX 串行的,8位数字,数码管显示器驱动器DATA MAX730ACSA MAX DATA MAX730CSA MAX DATAMAX809RUER MAX DATA MAX873BCPA MAX 低功率,低漂移,2.5V高精度基准电压DATA MC13135DW MOT MC1403P1 ON 5.0V基准源MC1413P ON 七重达林顿管驱动器MC14433 三位半A/D转换器MC14467PI MOT 烟雾要检器(电池式)MC14499P MOT 7段串联接囗LED译动器/驱动器MC145026P ON 编码器MC145027P ON 译码器MC145028P ON 译码器MC145167P MOT 双PLL(46/49MHZFS(无绳电话用)MC146818 MC 计时器MC1496P ON 平衡调制/解调器MC33039P MOT 闭环无刷电机适配器MC33063AP1 ON DC-DC转换控制电路MC34063AP1 ON 充电控制器MC68000P10 MOT MC6850P MOT MC68B40P MOTMCT6 QTC 光电藕合器MF10CCN NS MIC29302BT MIC MJ15003 ON 大功率管MJ15004 ON 大功率管MJ15022 ON 大功率管MJ15023 ON 大功率管MOC3010 FSC/QTC 非过零触发可控硅输出光电耦合器DATAMOC3011 FSC/QTC 非过零触发可控硅输出光电耦合器DATAMOC3020 FSC/QTC 非过零触发可控硅输出光电耦合器DATAMOC3021 FSC/QTC 非过零触发可控硅输出光电耦合器DATAMOC3022 FSC/QTC 非过零触发可控硅输出光电耦合器DATAMOC3023 FSC/QTC 非过零触发可控硅输出光电耦合器DATAMOC3041 FSC/QTC 过零触发可控硅输出光电耦合器DATAMOC3042 FSC/QTC 过零触发可控硅输出光电耦合器DATAMOC3043 FSC/QTC 过零触发可控硅输出光电耦合器DATAMOC3052 FSC/QTC 过零触发可控硅输出光电耦合器DATAMOC3061 FSC/QTC 过零触发可控硅输出光电耦合器DATAMOC3062 FSC/QTC 过零触发可控硅输出光电耦合器DATAMOC3063 FSC/QTC 过零触发可控硅输出光电耦合器DATAMOC3081 FSC/QTC 过零触发可控硅输出光电耦合器DATAMOC3082 FSC/QTC 过零触发可控硅输出光电耦合器DATAMOC3083 FSC/QTC 过零触发可控硅输出光电耦合器DATA [返回] MOC8106 FSC 光电藕合器MT8880AE MT 综合DTMF发生接收器MT8888 MT MT8920BE MT MT8924BE MT MT8941BE MT MT8952BE MT MT8965 MT MT8980DE MT MT8985AE MT MT9041BPMT MT9042BP MTMT9075BP MT MT90820AL MT MT9172 MTN80C196KB16 INTEL 16位CMOS微处理器N80C196KC20 INTEL 16位CMOS微处理器N87C196MC INTEL 16位CMOS微处理器N87C196MH INTEL 16位CMOS微外处理器NE5532P TI 高速低噪声双运算放大器DATA NE555P TI 单时基电路NE556N ST 双时基电路NJM2107F JRC DATA NJM2107F JRC DATA NJM2374A JRC DATAOP07CP TI 低噪声精密运算放大器DATA [返回] OP177G AD 超精密运算放大器OP27GP AD/TI 超低噪声精密运算放大器OP37[ ] 超低噪声精密运算放大器OP37GP 超低噪声精密运算放大器OP77 AD OP07换代,超低失调电压运放OPA335 BB/TI OPA541AP BB DATA P525G-1 TOS 光电藕合器[返回]P525G-2 TOS 光电藕合器P80C31BH-1 INTEL MCS-51系列8位单片机(CMOS) P87LPC762BN PHILP 单片机P87LPC762FD 工业档PHILP 单片机DATAP87LPC762FN 工业档PHILP 单片机DATA P87LPC764BN PHILP 单片机PA28F800B5T70 INTEL PC123 SHARP 光电藕合器DATA PC817 SHARP 光电藕合器DATAPC847 SHARP 光电藕合器PC922 SHARP 光电藕合器DATA PCA82C250 HPI [返回] PCF8563P PHILP 时钟IC PCF8563T PHILP 时钟IC PCF8574P PHILP PCF8576CT PHILP PIC12C508 microchi PIC16C711-04/P microchip 单片机PIC16C712-04 microchip 单片机PIC16F873 04/SP microchip 单片机PQ05 SHARP 光电藕合器DATAPQ09 SHARP 光电藕合器DATA PQ12 SHARP 光电藕合器DATA [返回]PS2501 NEC 光电藕合器DATA PS2501 NEC 光电藕合器DATA PS2505-1 NEC 光电藕合器PS2801-1 NEC 光电藕合器PS8701 NEC 光电藕合器S3055PB MACC [返回]S-80845CNUA-B86-T2 日本精工电压检测器SAA5264PS PHI 解码芯片DATA SAA5284GP PHI 解码芯片DATA SAA7111AH PHI SAA7114H PHI 解码芯片DATASAA7185BWP PHI 解码芯片DATA SAA7196H PHI 解码芯片DATA SC16C650AIA44 PHI 异步通信埪制器SC8560 SL 时钟IC SFH615A-3 SIEMENS 光电藕合器SG3524N TI 脉宽调制开关电源控制器SG3525AN ON 开关电源控制器SI4435DY siliconix SL811HST-1.5 CY SN75116N TI DATA SST89E564RD-40-I-PISST ST16C450 XR ST16C554 XR ST3232BTR ST TA2003P TOS [返回] TA31136F TOSHIBA TA8227 UTC TB1238AN TOS 家电IC TC4S81FTOSTD62003AP TOS 七重达林顿管驱动器TDA2003 ST 音频功率放大器TDA2003 UTC 音频功率放大器TDA2030 UTC 音频功率放大器TDA2030A ST 音频功率放大器TDA7010 PHI TE28F160 INTEL DATA TEA5757H PHI 手机录音=语音ICDATATEA5767HA PHI DATA TIL113 QTC 光电藕合器(达林顿输出)TIL117 QTC 晶体管输岀光电藕合器TIP122 ST 达林顿三极管PNP TIP127 ST 达林顿三极管NPNTL051 TI 提高JFET精确操作的扩音器DATA TL062CP TI BI-FET双运算放大器TL064CN TI BI-FET四运算放大器TL072CP TI BI-FET双运算放大器DATA TL074CN TIBI-FET四运算放大器DATA TL0820ACN TITL082CP TI BI-FET双运算放大器DATA TL084CN ST BI-FET四运算放大器TL084CN TI BI-FET四运算放大器DATA TL1451ACNS TI DATA TL16C554 TI/IMP TL3842P TI电流式控制器DATATL3843P TI 电流式控制器DATATL3845P TI 电流式控制器DATA TL431CLP TI 精密可调2.5Vto36V基准稳压源DATATL494CN TI 脉宽调制开关电源控制器DATA TL7705ACD TI 电池供电/欠压控制器DATA TL7705ACP TI 电池供电/欠压控制器DATA TLC0820ACN TI 差分基准输入,3态输岀驱动,2种工作方式可选DATA TLC0831 TI 8位A/D转换器DATA TLC0832CN TI 8位A/D 转换器DATA TLC0834CN TI 8位A/D转换器DATA TLC0838 TI DATATLC1543CN /CD TI 10位A/D转换器[返回] TLC2543CN TI 11路摸拟输入,工作方式可编程DATA TLC272 TI 双路运算放大器DATATLC27L2CDR TI TLC548 TI DATA TLC549 TL DATA TLC5615CP TI 高输入阻抗,底功耗DATA TLC5620CN TI 带缓冲的基准输入,2种输出幅度可选DATA TLC5628CN TI DATA TLC7528CN TI DATA TLC7705IP TI DATATLP181 TOS 光电藕合器TLP250 TOS 光电藕合器TLP521-1 TOS 晶体管输岀光电藕合器DATA TLP521-2 TOS 晶体管输岀(2路)DATA TLP550 TOS 光电藕合器TLP559 TSO 光电藕合器TLP621 光电藕合器TLP621-1 TOS 光电藕合器TLP621-4 TOS 光电藕合器TLP627 TOS 光电藕合器TLP627-1 TOS 光电藕合器TLV2252 TI TMS320C31PQL40 TI DATA TMS320F240PQA TI DATA TMS320LF2407APGEA TI DATA TMS320VC5402PGE-100 TI DATA TMS320VC5409PGE-100 TI DATATMS320VC5410-100 TI DATA TMS320VC5410-160 TI DATA TMS320VC5416-120 TI DATA TN80C196KC20 INTEL 16位CMOS微处理器TOP223Y/P POWER 电源IC TOP224Y/P POWER 电源IC TOP234P POWER 电源ICTP3054BN TI Interface CODEC/Filter COMBO TP3057N NS Interface CODEC/Filter COMBO TP3067N NS TP3071N-G NS COMBO II Programmable PCM CODEC/Filter TPIC6B273N TI TPIC6B595N TI 译码+七重达林顿管驱动器TPS767D301PWP TI DATA TPS767D318PWP TI DATA TPS767D325PWP TI DATA UA733 NS/TI 带宽运算放大器DATA UAA1041B ON UC3842AN MOT 电流式控制器ULN2003AN TI 七重达林顿管驱动器DATA ULN2003AN TI 七重达林顿管驱动器DATAULN2004A TI 七重达林顿管驱动器DATA ULN2803AP TOS 八重达林顿管驱动器UPD43256BGW-70LL NEC UPD7225G00 NEC VD5026 VD 遥控编码器VD5027 VD 遥控译码器VD5028 VD 遥控译码器W24258-70LL Winbond 低压.32K×8位CMOS SRAM W27C020-70 Winbond 256K×8位EPROM W27C02-70 Winbond 256K×8位EPROM W27C512-45 Winbond 32K×8位EPROMW27E040-12 Winbond 512K×8位EPROM W29C011A-15 Winbond 128K×8位FIASH W29C020C-90B Winbond 256K×8位FIASH W29C040-90 Winbond 512K×8位FIASH W29C040P-90 Winbond 512K×8位FIASH W29EE011P-90 Winbond 128K×8位FIASH W77E58-40 Winbond 32K×8MTPROM,(1K+256)×8RAMW77E58P-40 Winbond 32K×8MTPROM,(1K+256)×8RAM W77LE58 Winbond 低压.32K×8MTPROM,(1K+256)×8RAM W77LE58P-40 Winbond 低压.32K×8MTPROM,(1K+256)×8RAM W78E516B-24/-40 Winbond 64K×8掩膜ROM,512×8RAMW78E516BF-40 Winbond 64K×8掩膜ROM,512×8RAM W78E516BP-40 Winbond 64K×8掩膜ROM,512×8RAMW78E52B-24/-40 Winbond 8K×8MTPROM,256×8RAM W78E58B-24/-40 Winbond32K×8MTPROM,256×8RAMW78E58BF-40 Winbond 32K×8MTPROM,256×8RAM W78E58BP-40 Winbond32K×8MTPROM,256×8RAM W78LE516B-24 Winbond 低压64K×8掩膜ROM,512×8RAM X1226 XICOR [返回]X1228 XICOR X24C02 XICOR 串行EEPROM(2K,256×8)X24C04 XICOR 串行EEPROM(4K,512×8)X24C08 XICOR 串行EEPROM(8K,1024×8)X24C44=X24C45 XICOR X24C44P = X24C45 X5043 XICOR X5043 XICOR X5645 XICOR X9241WS XICOR X9312 XICOR X9313 XICOR X9315 XICOR XC95108 PC84 -15 XILINX XC95108 PQ100-10C XILINX XC95108 TQ100-10C XILINX XC95144 XLTQ144 -10C XILINX XC95216PQ160 XILINX XC9536 XICOR XC9572 XICOR XC9572 XILINX XTR105PA BB/TI XTR106PA BB/TIZ80A-SIO-0 串行输入输出接口Z80CPC ZILOG Z80CPU ZILOG 8位中央处理器(时钟2.5MHZ) Z80-CTC 定时器/计数器Z80PIO ZILOG 并行输入输出接口常用器件功能表3LM124J NS 低功耗四运算放大器(军用档)DATALM139J NS 电压比较器DATALM224J NS 低功耗四运算放大器(工业档)DATA LM258N ST 通用型双运算放大器DATALM301AN NS 运算放大器DATALM305H NS 高精度可调4.5Vto40v稳压器LM308H NS 运算放大器(金属封装)DATALM308N NS 运算放大器DATALM311N NS 单电压比较器DATALM317K NS 1.2Vto37V三端正可调稳压器(1.5A)DATA LM317LZ FSC 1.2Vto37V三端正可调稳压器(0.1A) LM317LZ NS 1.2Vto37V三端正可调稳压器(0.1A)DATA LM317T ON 1.2Vto37V三端正可调稳压器(1.5A)LM317T NS 1.2Vto37V三端正可调稳压器(1.5A)DATA LM318N NS 高速运算放大器DATALM319N NS 高速双比较器DATALM323K NS 精密5V稳压器( 3A )DATALP324N NS 四运算放大器DATALM324N NS 四运算放大器DATAHA17324 HIT 四运算放大器LM331N NS 精密电压频率转换器DATAKA331 FSC 精密电压频率转换器LM334Z NS 可调整的当前的来源DATALM336Z-2.5 FSC 2.5V精密基准电压源LM336Z-5.0 FSC 5.0V精密基准电压源LM336Z-2.5 NS 2.5V精密基准电压源DATALM336Z-5.0 NS 5.0V精密基准电压源DATAKA336-5.0 KA 5.0V精密基准电压源DATALM337LZ NS 三端可调-1.2Vto-37V稳压器(0.1A)DATA LM337T FSC 三端可调-1.2Vto-37V稳压器(1.5A)LM337T NS 三端可调-1.2Vto-37V稳压器(1.5A)DATA LM337K NS 三端可调-1.2Vto-37V稳压器(1.5A)DATA LM338K NS 三端正可调1.2Vto32V稳压器(5A)DATA LM339N TI 四电压比较器DATALM339N NS 四电压比较器DATALF347N NS 带宽四运算放大器DATALF347N FSC 带宽四运算放大器LM348N FSC 四运算放大器LM348N NS 四运算放大器DATALM350T FSC 三端可调1.2Vto32V稳压器DATA LF351 NS BI-FET单运算放大器DATALF353N FSC BI-FET双运算放大器LF353N NS BI-FET双运算放大器DATALF356N NS BI-FET单运算放大器DATALM358N NS 通用型双运算放大器DATALM358P TI 通用型双运算放大器LM35DZ NS 精密温度传感器DATALM335Z NS 精密温度传感器DATALM380N NS 音频功率放大器DATALM285Z-2.5 NS 2.5V精密基准电压源(工业档)LM385Z-1.2 =8069 NS/FSC 1.2V精密基准电压源DATA LM385Z-2.5 NS/FSC 2.5V精密基准电压源DATALM386-1 NS 音频放大器DATALM386-3 NS 音频放大器DATALM392N NS DATALM393N NS 低功耗低失调双电压比较器DATA LM393P TI 低功耗低失调双电压比较器LF398N NS 采样保持放大器DATALM399H NS 6.9999V电压基准源DATALF411CN NS BI-FET单运算放大器DATALF412CN NS BI-FET双运放大器DATALF441CN NS 低功能耗JEFI输入远放 LF442CN NS 双低功能耗JEFI输入远放DATA LF444CN NS BI-FET四运算大器DATALM555CN NS FSC 单时基电路DATA17555 HD 单时基电路NE555P TI 单时基电路NE556N ST 双时基电路LM556CN FSC 双时基电路LM567CN NS 音频译码器DATALM709CN NSLM723CN NS 高精度可调2Vto37V稳压器DATA LM725 NS 高精度运算放大器DATAUA733 NS/TI 带宽运算放大器DATALM741CN FSC 通用型运算放大器DATALM833N NS DATALM1203AN NS 视频放大器LS1240A ST 电话振铃集成电路LM1458N NS 双运算放大器DATALM1851 NS DATALM1875T NS 音频功率放大器DATALM1881N NS DATALM2574HVN-5 NSLM2575T-5.0 NS 5V简易开关电源稳压器(1A)DATALM2576T-5.0 NS 5V简易开关电源稳压器(3A)DATA LM2576T-ADJ NS 可调1.23Vto37V简易开关电源稳压器(3A)DATA LM2576S-5.0 NS 5V简易开关电源稳压器( 3A )DATALM2576HVT-ADJ NS 高压输入可调1.23Vto37V简易开关电源稳压器(3A)DATA LM2577S-ADJ NS 简易开关电源稳压器( 可调)LM2901N NS 低功耗低失调四电压比较器DATALM2902N. NS 四运算放大器DATALM2903N NS FSC 低功耗低失调双电压比较器DATALM2904N NS FSC 双运放大器DATALM2907N NS 频率电压转换器DATALM2931AZ NS 5.0V低压差稳压器( TO-92 )DATALM2931T-5.0 NS 5.0V低压差稳压器DATALM2931CT NS 3Vto29V低压差稳压器DATALM2940CT-12 NS 12V低压差稳压器DATALM2940CT-5.0 NS 5.0V低压差稳压器DATALM3086N NS 三极管阵列LM3886 NS 音频大功率放大器DATALM3900 四运算放大器LM3914N NS 点/线显示驱动器LM3914N-1 NS 点/线显示驱动器DATALM3915N NS 点/线显示驱动器LM3915N-1 NS 点/线显示驱动器DATALM3916N NS 点/线显示驱动器DATALM4752T NS 音频功率放大器DATALMC6032IN NSKA3848 FSC KAM。

USB SOUND CARDIS817C(T)_datasheet_v1p2

USB SOUND CARDIS817C(T)_datasheet_v1p2

IS817C/TIS-817C/TDatasheetTaipei Office:5F, No. 207-3, Sec. 3, Beishin Road, Shindian City, Taipei County, Taiwan 231, R.O.C.台北縣新店市北新路三段207之3號5樓TEL: +886-2-8913-1725FAX: +886-2-8913-1722ShenZhen Office:Room 810A-B, Clock C, Huameiju Business Center,Baoan new District 82th Zone, ShenZhen, GuangDong, 518102, P.R. China广东省深圳市宝安新中心区华美居商务中心C座810A-B室TEL: +86-755-33653558FAX: +86-755-33653557Caution!The information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on part of the vendor, who assumes no liability or responsibility for any errors that may appear in this data sheet. No warranty or representation, either expressed or implied, is made with respect to the quality, accuracy, or fitness for any particular part of this document. In no event shall the manufacturer be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages arising from any defect or error in this data sheet or product. Product names appearing in this data sheet are for identification purpose only, and trademarks and product names or brand names appearing in this document are property of their respective owners. All rights reserved. No part of this data sheet may be reproduced, transmitted, or transcribed without the expressed written permission of the manufacturer and authors of this data sheet.IS817C/TRevision HistoryVersionNumberCreation Date Updated by Description of Changes1.0 Jul. 30th, 2008 Karl Chen 817 series C version creation1.1 Aug. 4th, 2008 Karl Chen Add the information of descriptor customization through EEPROM (24c02)1.2 Feb. 8th, 2010 Karl Chen Add IS-817CW / TW parts (Vista certificated)Chapter 1. Overview (4)Chapter 2. Features (5)Chapter 3. Pin Descriptions (6)1. Pin-out Diagram (6)2. Pin Assignment (7)3. Pin Descriptions (7)Chapter 4. Block Diagram (10)Chapter 5. Electrical Characteristics (11)1. DC Characteristics (11)2. AC Characteristics (12)3. Absolute Maximum Ratings (14)Chapter 6. Built-in Descriptors (15)1. IS817C (15)IS817C/T2. IS817T (16)3. IS817CW (Vista Certificated) (17)4. IS817TW (Vista Certificated) (18)Chapter 7. Descriptor Customization (19)Chapter 8. Ordering Information (20)1. Part Number (20)2. Package Information (21)Chapter 9. Appendix (21)1. Reference Application Circuit (21)IS817C/TChapter 1. OverviewIS817C is a highly integrated chip to realize high performance USB sound card and Network ear-microphone applications. Under most operation systems among PC, Mac, and Linux platforms, IS817C is fully compatible their public drivers to perform fully audio function with four HID buttons, “playback muted, recording muted, volume-down, and volume-up”, supported. And, two LED indicators are used to present the status of USB operation (Green light) and Recording Mute activated (Red light). In addition, IS817C owns a pin-to-pin family pack, IS817T. It works for the applications to have an internal recording to playback loop-back (side-tone function) presented.IS817C/T Chapter 2. Featuresl Compliant USB 2.0 Full speedl Compliant USB audio device spec. 1.0 and HID class spec. 1.1l Support Low-power (100mA) operation model Support USB suspend / resume mode (500uA)l Single 5V power supplyl5V to 3.3V DC-DC and 3.3V to 1.8V DC-DC regulators embeddedl Single 12MHz Crystal requiredl2-channel 18-bit 48KHz Sigma-Delta D/As with Class-AB ear-phone power amplifies embedded.l2-channel 18-bit 8KHz / 48KHz Delta-Sigma A/Ds with 20dB microphone gain boost circuit embedded (-10.5dB ~ 12dB)l Support side-tone function (IS817T pack)l Support Microsoft HID V olume control with playback muted, record muted, volume-up, and volume-downl Have 2 LED indicator pins: (1) power-on / off and USB operations (2) Recording mutedl Compatible Microsoft Windows 2000 / XP / Vista/ Win7, Mac OS X, Red Hat, and Fedora without a private driverl IS-817CW/TW parts are Microsoft Vista certificated in the Audio device categoryl Assembled as JEDEC LQFP-32L 7mm x 7mm x 1.4mm, Green Pack, RoHS certificatedIS817C/T Chapter 3. Pin Descriptions1. Pin-out DiagramIS817C/T2. Pin AssignmentNo. Name No. Name No. Name No. Name1 XO 9 LEDR 17 MICIN 25 I_SCLK2 RSTN 10 LEDO 18 VREF 26 VDD_IO3 UVSS 11 VDD_IO 19 VCHP 27 VSS4 DP 12 MUTEP 20 VSSA 28 VDD185 DM 13 MUTER 21 HOUTR 29 VDD336 UVDD 14 VOLDN 22 VDDA 30 VDD57 VDD 15 VOLUP 23 HOUTL 31 VDD33A8 VSS 16 MICBS 24 I_SDA T 32 XI3. Pin DescriptionsPin No. Symbol I/O Type DescriptionUSB Signals4 DP AIO USB D+5 DM AIO USB D–Operation Signals32 XI X Input for a 12MHz crystal oscillator1 XO X Output for a 12MHz crystal oscillator2 RSTN I, PU Power on resetAnalog Audio Signals16 MICBS AO Microphone bias voltageIS817C/T17 MICIN AI Microphone input18 VREF AO Reference voltage output for bypass capacitors19 VCHP AO Headphone common DC-level output21 HOUTR AO Audio right channel headphone output23 HOUTL AO Audio left channel headphone outputHID Control Signals12 MUTEP I, PU Playback mute and de-bouncing with 3.3V pull-up13 MUTER I, PU Recording mute and de-bouncing with 3.3V pull-up14 VOLDN I, PU Volume – with 3.3V pull-up and de-bouncing15 VOLUP I, PU Volume + with 3.3V pull-up and de-bouncingStatus Control Signal9 LEDR O Identify the recording mute status10 LEDO O Identify the USB synchronization and operationtwo-wire serial interfacemaster mode (MCU / 24C02)24 I_SDAT IO, OD Data communication channel(10KΩ external pull-up resistor required)25 I_SCLK O, OD Channel clock signal(10KΩ external pull-up resistor required)Power and Ground3 UVSS G Ground from the USB host6 UVDD P 3.3V supply for USB signals7 VDD P 1.8V supply for digital partsIS817C/T8, 27 VSS G Ground for digital parts and I/O rings11, 26 VDD_IO P 3.3V supply for I/O rings20 VSSA G Ground for analog parts22 VDDA P 3.3V supply for analog parts28 VDD18 P 1.8V voltage regulator output for digital cores29 VDD33 P 3.3V voltage regulator output for digital I/O rings30 VDD5 P 5V supply from the USB host31 VDD33A P 3.3V voltage regulator output for analog partsNote:I/O/IO – Digital I/OAI/AO/AIO – Analog I/OPD/PU – Pull-down/Pull-upP/G – Power/GroundIS817C/TChapter 4. Block DiagramIS817C/T Chapter 5. Electrical Characteristics1. DC CharacteristicsItem Description Symbol Min Typ Max UnitUSB Supply Voltage VDD5 4.75 5.0 5.25 VI/O Supply Voltage VDD33 3.0 3.3 3.6 VAnalog Supply Voltage VDD33A 3.0 3.3 3.6 VDigital Supply Voltage VDD18 1.62 1.8 1.98 VUSB Suspend current I SUSPEND300 uAOperation Current I DD40 70 mAInput High Voltage V IH 2 5.5 VInput Low Voltage V IL-0.3 0.8 VInput Leakage Current I L±10 μAOutput High Voltage V OH 2.4 VOutput Low Voltage V OL0.4 VPull-up Resistor R PU39 65 116 kΩPull-down Resistor R PD40 56 108 kΩIS817C/T2. AC CharacteristicsItem Description Symbol Min Typical Max Unit Oscillator FrequencyF OSC12MHzDAC Line OutputResolution16 18 Bits Sampling Frequency Fs 8 48 kHz Signal to Distortion Ratio THD dac -84 dB Dynamic Range DR dac 90 Signal to Noise Ratio SNR dac 90 dB CrosstalkCT dac90 dB Max Analog Output Range V aout, max 2 Vpp Line Output LoadR line10k ΩHeadphone OutputSignal to Noise Ratio SNR hp 90 dB-65Total Harmonic Distortion R hp = 32Ω, Gain = -5dB R hp = 32Ω, Gain = -2dB THD hp-45 dBHeadphone Load 16 32 Ω 2 mA Operation Current R hp = Inf.I vddh30mAIS817C/T R hp = 32Ω56 mAR hp = 16Ω80-Level Volume Control -73 6 dBLine Input to ADCResolution 16 18 Bits Sampling Frequency Fs 8 48 kHzSignal to Distortion Ratio THD adc-84 dB Dynamic Range DR adc90 dBSignal to Noise Ratio SNR adc86 dB Crosstalk CT adc90 dB Maximum Input Range V ain, max 2 VppInput Impedance Z in10 kΩInput Capacitance C in10 pFVDD33AV Reference Level Voltage V refx 0.5Microphone Input to ADCSignal to Distortion Ratio THD madc-84 dB Dynamic Range DR madc90 dBSignal to Noise Ratio SNR madc82 dB Maximum Input Range V min, max0.4 VppInput Impedance Z min10 kΩIS817C/TInput Capacitance C min10 pFVDD33AV Microphone Bias Voltage V micbiasx 0.7516-Level Volume Control -10.5 12 dB3. Absolute Maximum RatingsItem Description Symbol Value Unit Operating T emperature T opr-10 ~ +85 o C Storage T emperature T stg-40 ~ +125 o CAnalog Supply Voltage VDD33A -0.3 ~ +3.8 VDigital Supply Voltage VDD18 -0.3 ~ +2.2 VI/O Supply Voltage VDD33 -0.3 ~ +4.6 VDigital Input Voltage V din-0.3 ~ +6 VESD (HBM)V ESDH> 2000 V By “MIL-STD-833G Method 3015.7”ESD (MM)V ESDM> 200 V By “MIL-STD-833G Method 3015.7”Latch-upI T> 100 mABy “JEDEC Standard No. 78 March 1997”IS817C/TChapter 6. Built-in Descriptors1. IS817CFieldSizeValue (Hex) DescriptionbcdUSB 2 0200 USB 2.0 compliant. idVendor 2 05E1 Vendor ID idProduct 2 202A Product ID bcdDevice 2 0100 version 1.00 iManufacturer 9 Unicode “Generic ”iProduct 20 Unicode “USB Ear-Microphone ” iSerialNumber12Unicode“0000000001”CODEC ParameterValue (Hex) DescriptionMaximum79 0dB gainMinimum 5A (-31dB) attenuation Playback VolumeInitial 70 (-9dB) attenuation MaximumF 12dB record gain Minimum 0 (-10.5dB) record gain Record VolumeInitialC7.5dB record gainIS817C/T2. IS817TFieldSizeValue (Hex) DescriptionbcdUSB 2 0200 USB 2.0 compliant. idVendor 2 05E1 Vendor ID idProduct 2 202B Product ID bcdDevice 2 0100 version 1.00 iManufacturer 9 Unicode “Generic ”iProduct 23 Unicode “USB Ear-Microphone ST ” iSerialNumber12Unicode“0000000001”CODEC ParameterValue (Hex) DescriptionMaximum79 0dB gainMinimum 5A (-31dB) attenuation Playback VolumeInitial 70 (-9dB) attenuation MaximumF 12dB record gain Minimum 0 (-10.5dB) record gain Record VolumeInitialC 7.5dB record gain Side-toneVolumeNo attenuation (0dB gain)IS817C/T3. IS817CW (Vista Certificated)FieldSizeValue (Hex) DescriptionbcdUSB 2 0200 USB 2.0 compliant. idVendor 2 2034 Vendor ID idProduct 2 0102 Product ID bcdDevice 2 0100 version 1.00 iManufacturer 9 Unicode “iSoft Silicon ”iProduct 20 Unicode “USB Ear-Microphone ” iSerialNumber12Unicode“IC00000001”CODEC ParameterValue (Hex) DescriptionMaximum7C 3dB gainMinimum 50 (-41dB) attenuation Playback VolumeInitial 72 (-7dB) attenuation MaximumF 12dB record gain Minimum 0 (-10.5dB) record gain Record VolumeInitialE10.5dB record gainIS817C/T4. IS817TW (Vista Certificated)FieldSizeValue (Hex) DescriptionbcdUSB 2 0200 USB 2.0 compliant. idVendor 2 2034 Vendor ID idProduct 2 0102 Product ID bcdDevice 2 0100 version 1.00 iManufacturer 9 Unicode “iSoft Silicon ”iProduct 23 Unicode “USB Ear-Microphone ST ” iSerialNumber12Unicode“IT00000001”CODEC ParameterValue (Hex) DescriptionMaximum7C 3dB gainMinimum 50 (-41dB) attenuation Playback VolumeInitial 72 (-7dB) attenuation MaximumF 12dB record gain Minimum 0 (-10.5dB) record gain Record VolumeInitialE 10.5dB record gain Side-toneVolume3(-12dB) attenuationIS817C/TChapter 7. Descriptor CustomizationThrough an EEPROM chip usage (24c02, 2Kx8bits), IS817C can support certain parameter customization of USB descriptors or CODEC initial values as the following.Descriptor Size Value (Hex) DescriptionVID 2 0000 – FFFF Vendor IDPID 2 0000 – FFFF Product IDManufacturer string 14 String (unicode) Manufacturer nameProduct string 29 String (unicode) Product nameSerial number 10 String (unicdoe) Product serial numberMax 00 – FF Maximum playback volume (0x79 suggested, 0dB)Min 00 – FF Minimum playback volume (0x5A suggested, -31dB)Initial 00 – FF Initial playback volume (0x70 suggested, -9dB)DAC volume controlMute ‘Yes’ or ‘No’Playback muted in the initial stageMax 0 – F Maximum record volume (0xF suggested, 12dB)Min 0 – F Minimum record volume (0x0 suggested, -10.5dB)Initial 0 – F Initial record volume (0xC suggested, 7.5dB)ADC volume controlMute ‘Yes’ or ‘No’Record muted in the initial stage Side-tone attenuation 1 5 stage switch 0dB / -6dB / -9dB / -12dB / -15dB Side-tone activation 1 ‘Yes’ or ‘No’Enabled or DisabledIS817C/TChapter 8. Ordering Information1. Part NumberDevicePart NumberAssembly Green/Unlead OthersIS-817C IS-817C MI30B016CG1 IS-817T IS-817T MI30B137DG1 NilIS-817CW IS-817C MI30B290AG1 IS-817TW IS-817T MI30B291AG1LQFP-32L, 7mmx 7mm x1.4mm, 1mm lead lengthGreen (RoHS)IS817C/TDate: 02/08/2010 21/22 V ersion: 1.22. Package InformationChapter 9. Appendix1. Reference Application CircuitIS817C/T ArrayDate: 02/08/2010 22/22V ersion: 1.2。

日语文字编码

日语文字编码

⽇语⽂字编码1、常⽤编码⽇语的⽂字编码主要是Shift_JIS、EUC-JP、ISO-2022-JP这三种。

(1)Shift_JIS主要是Windows和Macintosh使⽤的⽂字编码。

Shift_JIS 的⽂字集合基本是按照JIS X 0208规定的。

但实际上各个⼚商各⾃进⾏扩展,包含了⼤量重复的、规格以外的⽂字。

因此,Windows在本来的 Shift_Jis的⽂字集合之外,⼜增加了NEC扩展、IBM扩展所包含的⽂字。

这种规格和实际情况的分歧长期存在,随着windows-31J的规格化,混乱情况有所改善。

(2)EUC-JP是被Linux和Solaris⼴泛地使⽤的⽂字编码。

(3)ISO-2022-JP主要被Email使⽤的⽂字编码。

只使⽤7个bit,第8个bit不使⽤,所以不适合程序中的字符串处理,主要使⽤在⽹络中的数据交换中。

------------------------------------2、Shift_JIS和Windows-31的不同点Shift_JIS/Windows-31J → Unicode的映射-----------------------------JIS X 0208の⽂字 Shift_JIS/Windows-31Jのコード Shift_JIS→Unicode Windows-31J→Unicode-----------------------------~ (1-33, WAVE DASH) 8160 U+301C U+FF5E∥ (1-34, DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE) 8161 U+2016 U+2225- (1-61, MINUS SIGN) 817C U+2212 U+FF0D¢ (1-81, CENT SIGN) 8191 U+00A2 U+FFE0£ (1-82, POUND SIGN) 8192 U+00A3 U+FFE1¬ (2-44, NOT SIGN) 81CA U+00AC U+FFE2IBM独⾃拡張 × ○NEC独⾃拡張 × ○-------------------------------------------------⽤户⾃定义⽂字,被映射到Unicode的私⽤领域。

817c光耦参数

817c光耦参数

817c光耦参数摘要:一、光耦概述1.光耦的定义2.光耦的作用3.光耦的分类二、817c 光耦参数1.工作原理2.主要参数a.工作电压b.输出电流c.传输速度d.隔离电压e.工作温度三、817c 光耦的应用领域1.电源管理2.通信行业3.汽车电子4.工业控制四、817c 光耦的发展趋势与展望1.新材料的研究与应用2.技术创新推动行业发展3.国内外政策支持4.市场前景预测正文:光耦,全称光耦合器,是一种能够将光信号和电信号相互转换的器件。

光耦广泛应用于各种电子设备中,起到了隔离、放大、开关等功能。

按照工作原理和特性,光耦可分为多种类型,如光电二极管、光电三极管、光MOSFET 等。

今天我们将重点了解817c 光耦的参数及其应用。

817c 光耦是一种采用LED 和光敏半导体材料制成的高速光耦合器。

其工作原理是利用LED 发出的光信号经过光敏半导体接收,从而将输入信号和输出信号隔离,实现电信号的传输。

817c 光耦的主要参数有以下几点:a.工作电压:817c 光耦的工作电压范围较广,为3.3V 至5.5V。

这使得它能够适应不同设备的电源需求。

b.输出电流:817c 光耦的输出电流在50mA 左右,能够满足大多数应用场景的需求。

c.传输速度:817c 光耦的传输速度较快,可达到100Mbps,适用于高速信号传输。

d.隔离电压:817c 光耦的隔离电压高达5000Vrms,具有良好的隔离性能。

e.工作温度:817c 光耦的工作温度范围为-40℃至+100℃,能够在各种环境下稳定工作。

817c 光耦因其优良的性能在许多领域得到了广泛应用,如电源管理、通信行业、汽车电子和工业控制等。

在电源管理领域,817c 光耦可以实现输入和输出电路的隔离,保护电路免受干扰。

在通信行业,817c 光耦可用于光纤收发器、光开关等设备中。

在汽车电子领域,光耦可应用于汽车灯光控制、安全气囊等系统。

在工业控制领域,817c 光耦可用于自动化生产线、可编程逻辑控制器等场景。

CT817光耦

CT817光耦

DC Input 4-Pin Phototransistor Optocoupler Package Outline SchematicNote: Different lead forming options available. See packagedimension.Features•High isolation 5000 VRMS•CTR flexibility available see order information•DC input with transistor output•External Creepage ≥ 7.5mm (S/SL Type)•External Creepage ≥ 8.0mm (SLM Type)•Operating temperature range - 55 °C to 110 °C•Regulatory Approvals⏹UL - UL1577 (E364000)⏹VDE - EN60747-5-5(VDE0884-5)⏹CQC – GB4943.1, GB8898⏹IEC60065, IEC60950DescriptionThe CT817 series consists of a photo transistoroptically coupled to a gallium arsenide Infrared-emitting diode in a 4-lead DIP package different leadforming options.Applications•Switch mode power supplies•Computer peripheral interface•Microprocessor system interfaceDC Input 4-Pin Phototransistor Optocoupler oDC Input 4-Pin Phototransistor Optocoupler Electrical Characteristics T A = 25°C (unless otherwise specified)DC Input 4-Pin Phototransistor Optocoupler Typical Characteristic CurvesDC Input 4-Pin Phototransistor OptocouplerDC Input 4-Pin Phototransistor Optocoupler Test CircuitIInput OutputInputPulseFigure 12: Switching Time Test CircuitsDC Input 4-Pin Phototransistor OptocouplerPackage Dimension Dimensions in mm unless otherwise statedStandard DIP – Through HoleGullwing (400mil) Lead Forming – Through Hole (M Type)DC Input 4-Pin Phototransistor Optocoupler Surface Mount Lead Forming (S Type)Surface Mount (Low Profile) Lead Forming (SL Type)DC Input 4-Pin Phototransistor Optocoupler Surface Mount (Gullwing) Lead Forming (SLM Type)DC Input 4-Pin Phototransistor OptocouplerRecommended Solder Mask Dimensions in mm unless otherwise statedSurface Mount Lead Forming & Surface Mount (Low Profile) Lead FormingSurface Mount (Gullwing) Lead FormingMarking InformationNote:CT : Denotes “CT Micro”817 : Part Number V : VDE Option R : CTR Rank Y: Fiscal Year WW : Work WeekDC Input 4-Pin Phototransistor Optocoupler Ordering InformationCT817X(V)(Y)(Z)-HGX= Part No. (X=A, B, C, D or None)V = VDE Option ( V or None)Y= Lead form option (S, SL, M, SLM or none)Z= Tape and reel option (T1, T2, T3, T4 or none)H = Lead frame option (H: Iron, None: Copper)G= Material option (G: Green, None: Non-green)DC Input 4-Pin Phototransistor OptocouplerCarrier Tape Specifications Dimensions in mm unless otherwise statedOption S(T1) & SL(T1)Option S(T2) & SL(T2)DC Input 4-Pin Phototransistor Optocoupler Option S(T3) & SL(T3)Option S(T4) & SL(T4)DC Input 4-Pin Phototransistor Optocoupler Option SLM(T1)Option SLM(T2)DC Input 4-Pin Phototransistor OptocouplerWave soldering (follow the JEDEC standard JESD22-A111)One time soldering is recommended within the condition of temperature.Temperature: 260+0/-5˚C.Time: 10 sec.Preheat temperature:25 to 140˚C.Preheat time: 30 to 80 sec.Iron soldering (follow the standard MIL-STD 202G, Method 210F)Allow single lead soldering in every single process.One time soldering is recommended. Temperature: 350+±10˚CTime: 5 sec max.DC Input 4-Pin Phototransistor Optocoupler Reflow ProfileProfile Feature Pb-Free Assembly ProfileTemperature Min. (Tsmin)150°CTemperature Max. (Tsmax)200°CTime (ts) from (Tsmin to Tsmax)60-120 secondsRamp-up Rate (t L to t P)3°C/second max.Liquidous Temperature (T L)217°CTime (t L) Maintained Above (T L)60 – 150 secondsPeak Body Package Temperature260°C +0°C / -5°CTime (t P) within 5°C of 260°C30 secondsRamp-down Rate (T P to T L)6°C/second maxTime 25°C to Peak Temperature8 minutes max.DC Input 4-Pin Phototransistor OptocouplerDISCLAIMERCT MICRO RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MAKE CHANGES WITHOUT FURTHER NOTICE TO ANY PRODUCTS HEREIN TO IMPROVE RELIABILITY, FUNCTION OR DESIGN. CT MICRO DOES NOT ASSUME ANY LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF THE APPLICATION OR USE OF ANY PRODUCT OR CIRCUIT DESCRIBED HEREIN; NEITHER DOES IT CONVEY ANY LICENSE UNDER ITS PATENT RIGHTS, NOR THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS.______________________________________________________________________________________ DISCOLORATION MIGHT OCCUR ON THE PACKAGE SURFACE AFTER SOLDERING, REFLOW OR LONG TERM USE. THIS DOES NOT IMPACT THE PRODUCT PERFORMANCE NOR THE PRODUCT RELIABILITY.CT MICRO ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF CT MICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION.1. Life support devices or systems are devices orsystems which, (a) are intended for surgicalimplant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, or (c) whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instruction for use provided inthe labelling, can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user. 2. A critical component is any component of a lifesupport device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect itssafety or effectiveness.。

场效应电源ic5q1265rf

场效应电源ic5q1265rf

一、电源电路:电源部分采用的是FAIRCHILD公司的5Q1265。

此电源的特点是低成本、待机低功耗、外围电路简单。

它可向整机提供+5V、+14V、+24V、+146V直流稳定电压。

+14V通过TDA7631稳压输出+9V、+5V和RESET供数字板及CPU使用。

N801(KA5Q1265RF)内部框图:KA5Q1265RF引脚功能说明:(下列电压数据为数字表测得,供参考)引脚功能说明电压引脚功能说明电压1 内部场效应管漏极 335.4V 4 FB误差信号入 1.26V2 地 1.4V 5 保护输入 5.06V3 启动及供电 23.46VKA5Q1265RF的特性说明:类似的谐振转换器的控制器;内部的脉冲模式控制器为自触发模式;内有过热保护功能(超过1500C时,此IC停振);内有过压保护(Vsync: 最小。

11V);内设脉冲保护模式;自动复位模式。

电源工作原理:整机的供电系统由N801、开关变压器T801、光藕N802、电压比较器DK805等元件组成。

6D72机芯、6D76机芯开关电源是:它激式并联型变压器藕合稳压式开关电源。

由美国仙童半导体公司的新型大功率开关电源专用集成电路KA5Q1265RF、脉冲(开关)变压器T801、光藕N802、电压比较器DK805等元件组成。

该电路组成的电源外围元件极少,效率高。

电源的启动过程:∽220V市电经,R802、R803降压,VD801整流经过C808滤波之后,加到N801的3脚。

当3脚的电压上升到23V以上,电流维持在1mA时,N801内部振荡器开始工作,N801内的场效应管(N801的1脚)开始有脉冲输出,使开关电源启动。

开关电源启动后,N801(KA5Q1265RF)3脚的供电由开关变压器T801的8脚输出经VD803整流来提供,此时N801正常工作时此脚为23V,电流需维持在10mA以上。

整机电源的保护电路:过压保护:N801(KA5Q1265RF)的5脚为该电源芯片的保护脚,当开关电源出现异常情况使输出电压异常升高时,开关变压器的T801的8脚输出经VD804、R806、VD802整流、限流加到N801(KA5Q1265RF)的5脚,当此脚收到异常升高的电压时,N801(KA5Q1265RF)即保护,此电源停止工作。

联想19寸宽屏液晶显示器电源LD7575PS故障排除一例

联想19寸宽屏液晶显示器电源LD7575PS故障排除一例

联想19寸宽屏液晶显示器电源LD7575PS故障排除一例刚到新单位,自己使用的一台联想19寸液晶显示器就罢工了。

前一晚睡觉前把电源都关了,第二天早上起来显示器死活不开机,电源指示灯也不亮了,典型的电源板故障!心想可能还是跟前几次的故障一样,所以也没放在心上,出去干活儿了。

中午回来,按了几下电源钮,还是没反映,心想不行,得下手赶紧修了,下午还有网络会议要开,耽误不得。

找来工具,卸下下部四颗螺钉后,面板取不下来,用力撬了撬边缘,有点不大对头。

最后打开后才明白,这个面板是很好拆的:先卸除下部的四颗螺钉,将面板向上推,就轻松取下了。

之后拆下TFT和背光组件,拔除灯管线和驱动板的连线,取下电源板上的铁壳,拆下电源板如下图(没带相机,借用网上一张,顺便给商家打个广告):电源板上有三只电容680微法/25V(C211、C212、C213)鼓包,但均未爆浆,从旧CRT显示器上拆下两只25V1000微法和1只480微法/25V电容替换,故障依旧。

看来故障有点棘手。

接好电源测5V和14V电压输出分别为:~,。

5V供电明显偏低,从而引起驱动板芯片无法正常工作,按电源键开机无法进行。

该电源主控芯片为LD7575PS,次级电压从5V支路上取样,通过反馈电路到芯片2脚。

查反馈支路上各元件,依次更换了IC202(TL431),C210(470p),主滤波电容150微法/450V,光耦817B,当用817C 光耦替代817B后,5V电压升至之间波动,14V电压升至,上下波动。

由于450V的滤波电容体积过大,无法放入机壳内,用起子放电后,又将原机滤波电容换上,开机没电压又降至,怀疑放电过程中损坏了光耦。

测光耦输入端电压差几乎为0,又用421光耦替换817C,开机电压升至,接显示器电源灯依然不亮。

从网上下载主控芯片的资料,各脚功能如下(不想翻译了,有兴趣的自己查吧):从上图看,反馈支路上的大部分元件均更换排查过,维修陷入困境。

至此,唯一的可疑元件转移到了主控芯片LD7575PS上。

光耦_H11A817B

光耦_H11A817B

4-PIN PHOTOTRANSISTOROPTOCOUPLERSH11AA814 SERIESH11A817 SERIESDESCRIPTIONThe H11AA814 Series consists of two gallium arsenide infrared emitting diodes, connected in inverse parallel, driving a single silicon phototransistor in a 4-pin dual in-line package.The H11A817 Series consists of a gallium arsenide infrared emitting diode driving a silicon phototransistor in a 4-pin dual in-line package.FEATURES•Compact 4-pin package•Current transfer ratio in selected groups:H11AA814: 20-300%H11A817: 50-600%H11AA814A: 50-150%H11A817A: 80-160%H11A817B: 130-260%H11A817C: 200-400%H11A817D: 300-600%APPLICATIONSH11AA814 Series •AC line monitor•Unknown polarity DC sensor •T elephone line interface H11A817 Series•Power supply regulators •Digital logic inputs •Microprocessor inputs414-PIN PHOTOTRANSISTOROPTOCOUPLERSH11AA814 SERIES H11A817 SERIESParameter Symbol Device Value Units TOTAL DEVICEStorage T emperature T STG All-55 to +150°C Operating T emperature T OPR All-55 to +100°C Lead Solder T emperature T SOL All260 for 10 sec°CT otal Device Power Dissipation (-55°C to 50 °C)P D All200mW EMITTERContinuous Forward Current I F All50mAReverse Voltage V RH11A817, H11A817A,H11A817B, H11A817C,H11A817C, H11A817D5VForward Current - Peak (1 µs pulse, 300 pps) I F(pk)All 1.0ALED Power Dissipation (25°C ambient) Derate above 25°C P D All100mW1.33mW/°CDETECTORCollector-Emitter Voltage V CEO All35V Emitter-Collector Voltage V ECO All6V Continuous Collector Current I C All50mADetector Power Dissipation (25°C ambient) Derate above 25°C P D All150mW2.0mW/°CELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (T A = 25°C Unless otherwise specified.)INDIVIDUAL COMPONENT CHARACTERISTICSParameter Test Conditions Symbol Device Min Typ Max UnitEMITTER(I F = 20 mA)V FH11A817, H11A17A,H11A817B, H11A817C,H11A817D1.2 1.5VInput Forward Voltage(IF = ±20 mA)H11AA814 1.2 1.5Reverse Leakage Current(V R = 5.0 V)I RH11A817, H11A17A,.00110µA H11A817B, H11A817C,H11A817DDETECTORCollector-Emitter Breakdown Voltage(I C = 1.0 mA, I F = 0)BV CEO ALL35100 V Emitter-Collector Breakdown Voltage(I E = 100 µA, I F = 0)BV ECO ALL610V Collector-Emitter Dark Current(V CE = 10V, I F = 0)I CEO ALL.025100nA Collector-Emitter Capacitance(V CE = 0 V, f = 1 MHz)C CE ALL8pF4-PIN PHOTOTRANSISTOROPTOCOUPLERSH11AA814 SERIESH11A817 SERIESNOTES1. Current T ransfer Ratio (CTR) = I C /I F x 100%.2. For test circuit setup and waveforms, refer to Figure 8.3. For this test, Pins 1 and 2 are common, and Pins 4, 5 and 6 are common.TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS (T A = 25°C Unless otherwise speci fied.)DC CharacteristicTest ConditionsSymbol Device Min TypMax Unit Current T ransfer Ratio(I F = ±1 mA, V CE = 5 V) (note 1)CTR H11AA81420300%(I F = ±1 mA, V CE = 5 V) (note 1)CTRH11AA814A 50150%(I F = 5 mA, V CE = 5 V) (note 1)CTR H11A81750600%H11A817A 80160%H11A817B 130260%H11A817C 200400%H11A817D300600%Collector-Emitter Saturation Voltage (I C = 1 mA, I F = ±20 mA)V CE (SA T)ALL.1.2VAC Characteristic Rise Time (I C = 2 mA, V CE = 2 V , R L = 100V) (note 1)T R ALL 2.418µs Fall Time(I C = 2 mA, V CE = 2 V , R L = 100V) (note 1)T FALL2.418µsISOLATION CHARACTERISTICSCharacteristicTest Conditions Symbol Min TypMaxUnits Input-Output Isolation Voltage (note 3) (I I-O [ 1 µA, 1 min.)V ISO 5300Vac(rms)Isolation Resistance (V I-O = 500 VDC)R ISO 10 11Ω Isolation Capacitance(V I-O = &, f = 1 MHz)C ISO0.5pf4-PIN PHOTOTRANSISTOROPTOCOUPLERS H11AA814 SERIES H11A817 SERIES4-PIN PHOTOTRANSISTOROPTOCOUPLERS H11AA814 SERIES H11A817 SERIES4-PIN PHOTOTRANSISTOROPTOCOUPLERSH11AA814 SERIES H11A817 SERIES Array NOTEAll dimensions are in inches (millimeters)4-PIN PHOTOTRANSISTOROPTOCOUPLERSH11AA814 SERIESH11A817 SERIESORDERING INFORMATIONNOTEAll dimensions are in millimetersOption Order Entry IdentifierDescriptionS .S Surface Mount Lead Bend SD .SD Surface Mount; T ape and reelW .W 0.4" Lead Spacing300.300VDE 0884300W .300W VDE 0884, 0.4" Lead Spacing 3S .3S VDE 0884, Surface Mount 3SD.3SDVDE 0884, Surface Mount, T ape & ReelLIFE SUPPORT POLICYFAIRCHILD ’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein:1.Life support devices or systems are devices or systemswhich, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and (c) whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury of the user.2. A critical component in any component of a life supportdevice or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness.DISCLAIMERFAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MAKE CHANGES WITHOUT FURTHER NOTICE TO ANY PRODUCTS HEREIN TO IMPROVE RELIABILITY, FUNCTION OR DESIGN. FAIRCHILD DOES NOT ASSUMEANY LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF THE APPLICATION OR USE OF ANY PRODUCT OR CIRCUIT DESCRIBED HEREIN; NEITHER DOES IT CONVEY ANY LICENSE UNDER ITS PATENT RIGHTS, NOR THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS.4-PIN PHOTOTRANSISTOROPTOCOUPLERSH11AA814 SERIESH11A817 SERIES。

T-BOX 设计方案介绍

T-BOX 设计方案介绍

T-BOX 设计方案介绍一、第二代TBOX系统图:该产品方案源下述架构的平台方案,汇总众多客户的需求修改设计而成。

因此需求方面具有一定代表性,技术方面具备一定的可靠性和先瞻性。

通信部分以BM817C LTE 全网通模组为基础,利用模组内部AP侧Linux系统进行通信单元全功能开发及提供给客户一定的扩展空间,作为T-BOX终端方案的一个重要环节二、方案概述区别于第一代T-BOX:MCU+GPRS+GPS 构成的车辆信息和定位传输系统。

新一代T-BOX 具有以下功能特点:1.双路高速CAN收发器;2.32位高性能微处理器芯片;3.高通平台4G LTE七模全网通模组;4.本地4GB的数据存储空间;5.路由器功能,通过USB接口和WIFI热点,可以让车内不同设备同时上网;6.OTA软件空中升级功能;B模拟串口传输GPS信号给车机定位;8.手机近程蓝牙直接连接功能。

以上大部分功能都是第一代T-BOX无法实现的。

三、结构概念设计1.采用符合IP54级标准的铝合金外壳,抗干扰能力强,坚固,外型美观2.盒子的尺寸约为:95*110*28mm(实际根据需要做一些调整)插座采用大众汽车标准的USB插座:五、该对应接口功能如下表表所示:主连接器为12PIN ,间距2.58MM分配功能为:电源B+接地GND1 GND2CAN1+/CAN1-CAN2+/CAN2-GPS七、软件概述:1.MCU 软件,运行UC-OS ,主要作用是,电源管理,解析CAN信息,物理隔离通讯系统和车身,确保安全;同时,设计有加密芯片,防止程序泄密;2.4G模组内部的AP部分运行为Linux OS,可开放4G模组内部资源,这样省去了外挂一个ARM A9 核心板的。

光耦817c工作原理

光耦817c工作原理

光耦817c工作原理
光耦817c是一种将输入电信号通过光耦合器转化为输出光信
号的电子元件。

它由发光二极管(LED)和光敏晶体管(LPT)组成。

光耦817c的工作原理如下:
1. 输入电信号经过电阻器限流,进入LED。

2. LED受到电信号激励后,产生光能,通过发射端发射出去。

3. 发射出的光线照射到光敏晶体管的接收端。

4. 光敏晶体管的接收端感受到光能后,产生电流。

5. 产生的电流经过输出电阻器,形成与输入电信号相对应的输出电信号。

光敏晶体管光敏区的光电效应和储能效应是使光耦具有可见光控制的主要原因。

当LED处于导通状态时,LED引入的光照
射到光敏晶体管的光敏结上,使该结中的载流子复合,导致其电导下降。

因此,当输入电信号的电平为高时,LED导通,
光照射到光敏结上,光敏晶体管电导减小,输出电信号的电平为低。

反之,当输入电信号的电平为低时,LED截止,无光
照射到光敏结上,光敏晶体管电导增加,输出电信号的电平为高。

光耦817c常用于电气隔离、信号传输、电源控制等领域。


具有隔离电气信号、抗干扰能力强、响应速度快等特点,是一种常见且常用的光耦合器。

817c光耦引脚使用说明

817c光耦引脚使用说明

817c光耦引脚使用说明817c是一种常用的光耦件,在数字电路和模拟电路中都有广泛的应用。

它可以将输入的电信号转化为光信号进行隔离和传输,从而达到保护电路和提高信号质量的作用。

在使用817c光耦时,需要注意它的引脚使用方式,本文将为大家详细介绍817c光耦的引脚使用说明。

817c光耦有四个引脚,分别为VCC、GND、PIN1和PIN2。

其中,VCC和GND是电源引脚,用于给光耦提供电源。

PIN1和PIN2是输入输出引脚,用于输入电信号和输出光信号。

下面将分别介绍这四个引脚的使用方式和注意事项。

1、VCC引脚VCC引脚是817c光耦的正电源引脚,一般接在正极,用于给光耦提供电源。

在使用时,需要根据应用场景来确定电源电压的大小和极性。

在工作过程中,VCC引脚的电压应该不能超过绝对最大额定电压范围,否则光耦会受到损坏。

2、GND引脚GND引脚是817c光耦的负电源引脚,一般接在负极,用于电路的共地。

在使用时,需要注意电源的接法,以免出现电源接反等错误操作。

同时,在光耦的输入端和输出端都应该接入GND引脚,以保证信号传输的稳定性和可靠性。

3、PIN1引脚PIN1引脚是817c光耦的输入引脚,用于接收电信号。

在使用时,需要将输入信号与GND共地,并通过电阻限流,以保证输入端电流不超过硅管的额定电流。

同时,需要注意输入信号的带宽和幅值范围,以免过大或过小,导致光发射二极管或光接收二极管无法正常工作。

4、PIN2引脚PIN2引脚是817c光耦的输出引脚,用于输出光信号。

在使用时,需要将输出信号与电路相应的部分接入,并用光纤或其他光导材料传输。

同时,需要注意输出信号的功率、频率和波形,以满足系统的需求。

综上所述,817c光耦引脚的使用是电路设计中十分重要的一步,需要按照设计要求进行正确接线,以确保电路的正常工作和信号的稳定传输。

除了以上提到的四个引脚,817c光耦还有其他规格和参数需注意,如光耦的各种限值和特性指标,以及光耦的使用环境和工作条件等。

817c光耦参数

817c光耦参数

817c光耦参数摘要:1.光耦的概述2.817c 光耦的参数3.817c 光耦参数的意义和应用正文:一、光耦的概述光耦,全称为光电耦合器,是一种电子器件,具有光电转换功能。

它由发光元件和光敏元件组成,通过光信号将电信号进行隔离和传输。

光耦广泛应用于各种电子设备中,如电源开关、信号传输、传感器等,以实现电气信号与光信号之间的互锁和隔离。

二、817c 光耦的参数817c 光耦是一种常见的光耦型号,它具有以下参数:1.输入电流(IF):输入电流是指光耦的发光元件所需要的电流。

一般来说,输入电流越大,光耦的灵敏度越高,但同时功耗也越大。

2.输出电流(IO):输出电流是指光耦的光敏元件所能提供的最大电流。

输出电流越大,光耦的负载能力越强。

3.传输比(CTR):传输比是指光耦的输出信号与输入信号之间的比值,它反映了光耦的信号传输效率。

传输比越大,光耦的信号损失越小。

4.隔离电压(Viso):隔离电压是指光耦在正常工作条件下,光敏元件与发光元件之间的最大电压差。

隔离电压越大,光耦的抗干扰能力越强。

5.响应速度:响应速度是指光耦对输入信号的响应速度,它影响了光耦的动态性能。

响应速度越快,光耦的动态性能越好。

三、817c 光耦参数的意义和应用817c 光耦的各项参数对于其性能和应用具有重要意义:1.输入电流和输出电流:这两项参数决定了光耦的灵敏度和负载能力,因此在选择光耦时需要根据实际应用场景进行权衡。

2.传输比:传输比是评价光耦性能的重要指标,它直接影响到信号传输的效率。

高传输比的光耦可以减少信号损失,提高系统稳定性。

3.隔离电压:隔离电压决定了光耦的抗干扰能力,对于一些对电气隔离要求较高的应用场景,如医疗设备、电力系统等,具有重要意义。

4.响应速度:响应速度决定了光耦的动态性能,对于一些需要高速传输信号的应用,如通信系统、计算机外设等,具有重要意义。

综上所述,817c 光耦的各项参数对于其性能和应用具有重要意义。

氰烯菌酯综述

氰烯菌酯综述

氰烯菌酯综述中国创制农药中的精英——氰烯菌酯市场占有率不断提升《农药快讯》《现代农药》编辑部柏亚罗与甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂不同,氰烯菌酯为氰基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂;与主流杀菌剂⼤多⼴谱不同,氰烯菌酯更专注于⼩麦⾚霉病和⽔稻恶苗病。

氰烯菌酯具有独特的化学结构,在众多创制农药中独树⼀帜。

其作⽤机理虽仍未明确,但从其与⼤多数市售杀菌剂⽆交互抗性来看,其作⽤机理与众不同;初步研究推测,其作⽤靶标为肌球蛋⽩-5(myosin-5)。

2007年底登记的氰烯菌酯,2014年实现了亿元的销售额,有望成为国内继扬农氯氟醚菊酯(2012年销售额亿元)之后,第2个迈⼊亿元⽅阵的创制产品。

对于氰烯菌酯,江苏省农药研究所股份有限公司及其兄弟单位全⽅位做了⼤量、细致的研究⼯作。

这些研究结果证明了氰烯菌酯的优秀性能,展⽰了其对环境的友好态度,凸显了它的独到之处,同时也收获了⽤户和市场对氰烯菌酯的⾼度认可和可观回报。

国内创制农药约50个,⽽氰烯菌酯就这么“任性”,凭借其专注的特性将⾃⼰锻造成精品。

⼩麦⾚霉病和⽔稻恶苗病的抗性发展呼唤新药剂的诞⽣⼩麦⾚霉病是由⽲⾕镰孢菌(Fusarium graminearum)引起的世界性流⾏性病害,是我国⼩麦⽣产中最重要的病害之⼀,主要发⽣在江淮流域、西南冬麦区及东北春麦区,⼩麦扬花期遇⾬极易流⾏。

⾚霉病不仅能引起⼩麦⼤幅减产,甚⾄绝收,⽽且⾚霉病菌分泌的毒素——脱氧雪腐镰⼑菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)可致⼈畜中毒。

⾃1972年我国⾸次筛选出多菌灵防治⼩麦⾚霉病以来,取得了令⼈满意的效果,抽穗扬花期喷施多菌灵等苯并咪唑类杀菌剂是我国⾃70年代以来防治⼩麦⾚霉病的关键措施之⼀。

但⾃1992年南京农业⼤学周明国教授等在浙江海宁市⼩麦病穗上检测到世界⾸例⽲⾕镰孢菌抗药性菌株以来,发现抗药性病原群体⽐例迅速上升,抗药性病原菌分布范围不断扩⼤。

华东地区已因抗药性⽽⾯临着多菌灵等现有杀菌剂对⾚霉病防治失效的风险。

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