2021届中国人民大学附属中学高三英语一模试题及参考答案

2021届中国人民大学附属中学高三英语一模试题及参考答案
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Speaking with people on the phone is pretty rare these days. Most people use e-mail or messaging apps when they need to communicate with someone. Sometimes, though, making a call is unavoidable. This simple act can actually be a nightmare for some people. Their hearts race and their hands sweat at the very thought. If this sounds familiar to you, you might be one of the millions of people who suffer from telephobia—the fear of speaking over the phone.
Telephobia is a form of social anxiety, although people who feel perfectly comfortable in social situations may also experience telephobia. When speaking face-to-face, we give off lots of facial or bodily cues that help each other follow the conversation. This is not the case over the phone. And the idea of speaking into this void（真空）makes people terrified that they will freeze up, stumble over their words（失言）, or lose control of the conversation and look foolish In fact, telephobia is very similar to thefear people feel before putting on a performance in front of a big audience. However, there are things that one suffering from thin condition can do to reduce this fear and make phone calls at least somewhat bearable.
One thing that those with telephobia can do before a call in smile. It may sound silly, but smiling before doing something stressful can help you feel more relaxed. It won't delete the anxiety altogether, but it will take the edge off it.
Similarly, imagining how the call will go before you make it can also help things go more smoothly. Running through a positive conversation in your head will make you feel less nervous and may help you predict any possible problems. There's no need to spend hours on this, just a few minutes thinking up a general idea of what you want to say. You can even write down some brief notes to remind yourself of your talking points. This is particularly useful for dealing with the fear of not being able to express yourself naturally.
And finally, when faced with receiving a call, you don't always have to pick up. There's nothing wrong with calling the person back later when you feel more comfortable.
So the next time your phone starts ringing, remember—speaking on the phone doesn't have to make you sweat. The important thing is to be aware of your fear and take steps to deal with it.
1. According to the article, which situation can cause a feeling similar lo telephobia?
A.Speaking face-to-face to a good friend.
B. Performing in front of a large audience.
C. Running in a race without proper shoes.
D. Using a messaging app while on the subway.
2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to deal with telephobia?
A.Imagining how the call will go before you make it.
B. Standing on the edge of a tall building while making a call.
C. Calling someone back later instead of answering their phone calls right away.
D. Writing down some brief notes to remind yourself of your talking points.
3. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To present ways to ease telephobia.
B. To explain the development of telephobia
C. To introduce the influence of telephobia.
D. To give the reason why someone suffers from telephobia.
B
In May this year, as part of our 150th anniversary, we asked readers aged between18 and 25 to enter an essay competition. The task was to tell us, in no more than 1,000 words, what scientific advance they would most like to see in their lifetimes, and why it mattered to them.
The response was phenomenal: we received 661 entries. Some entrants hoped that science would make their lifetimes much longer than they can currently expect. Many looked forward to work that will end climate change. Others wanted to see advances in our understanding of human history, crop growth, space exploration, and medical technologies. The ideas were inspiring.
The winner is a compelling essay by Yasmin Ali, a PhD student at the University of Nottingham, UK. Ali submitted a piece on Beethoven, her brother’s hearing loss and the science which she hoped would one day cure it. It stood out to the judges as a reminder of why many scientists do research: to make the world better tomorrow than it is today.
All essays were judged by a group of Nature editors. The top ten submissions were then ranked by three members of a separate judging group: Magdalena Skipper, editor-in-chief of Nature; Faith Osier, a researcher; and Jess Wade, a physicist. All submissions were kept anonymous throughout the process.
We also selected two runners-up(非冠军的获奖者).Physicist Robert Schittkoat Harvard University in
Cambridge, Massachusetts, proposes that nuclear fusion(核聚变) could offer a solution to the climate crisis, in a piece that effortlessly mixes grand ambition with gentle humour. And chemist Matthew Zajac at the University of Chicagoin Illinois wrote a powerful personal account of why he wants to see advances in the field of same-sex reproduction.
The results show that today’s young scientists have a wealth of ideas, talent and conviction that research can transform their world. We look forward to seeing what they do next.
4. What’s the essay competition about?
A. The scientific expectation.
B. The fantastic scientific ideas.
C. The dreams of future life.
D. The celebration of anniversary.
5. Why Yasmin Ali was chosen the winner?
A. She showed great talent in music.
B. She found the cure for the loss of hearing.
C. She appealed for people to care about hearing loss problem.
D. She reminded people to remember the meaning of science development.
6. What can we learn about the result of the essay competition?
A. Robert Schittko won the second place.
B. There were two winners in the essay competition.
C. Matthew Zajac presented his view of same-sex reproduction.
D. The two runners-up were selected for the same field they chose.
7. What isthe author’s attitude to the competitors’ ideas about science expectations?
A. Doubtful.
B. Favorable.
C. Impossible.
D. Ignorant.
C
Hidden beneath the surface in the roots of Earths astonishing and diverse plant life, there exists a biological superhighway linking together the members of the plant kingdom in what researchers call the "wood wide web".
The network is comprised of thin threads of fungus (真菌) that grow outwards underground up to a few
meters from its partnering plant, meaning that all of the plant life within a region likely connected to one another. The partnership is beneficial for both parties involved, plants provide carbohydrates (碳水化合物) to the funguses and in exchange, the funguses aid in gathering water and providing nutrients to its partnering plant.
A study conducted by Rensen Zeng of theSouthChinaAgriculturalUniversityfound that this also allowed for plants to warn one another of potential harm. The study showed Broad Beans used the fungal network to spy on one another for upcoming danger.
Like our Internet, this fungal connectivity is also full of crime. Some plants, such as Golden Marigolds have been found to release poisons into the network to slow down the growth of surrounding plants in the fight for water and light. Other plants, such as the Phantom Orchid, do not have the chlorophyll (叶绿素) and must get the necessary nutrients from surrounding plants.
Research suggests that animals such as insects and worms may be able to detect slight exchanges of nutrients through the network, allowing them to more easily find delicious roots to feed on; however, this has not been conclusively made clear in experimentation. The more we learn about this phenomenon, the more our understanding of the plant life of our planet will continue to change. Perhaps one day, we may be able to map out these complex networks entirely.
8. What is the function of the first paragraph?
A.To explain the aim of the web.
B. To introduce the main topic.
C. To give definition of diverse life.
D. To show the importance of plants.
9. The criminal behavior of plants can be seen as a way to________.
A. compete for survival
B. gather more water
C. take in sunlight
D. break natural rules
10. What does the last paragraph suggest?
A. Animals can also feed on the fungus.
B. Nutrient exchanges are too slight to detect.
C. No experiment can prove the phenomenon.
D. More needs to be done to work out the network.
11. Which can be the best title for the text?
A. The Partnership between Plants
B. The Unknown Roots of the Earth
C. The Superhighway Linking the Plants
D. The Mysterious Map Changing the World
D
When rescuers were called to rescue a “little owl”, they did not expect to find one that was too fat to fly. A concerned citizen first spotted the poor bird lying helplessly. Even Rufus Samkin, whose team then took the team in on Jan.3, believed the bird to be injured. There were no wounds to be found, however, causing experts to believe the female owl was simply too wet to fly.
But it was only after a thorough drying-off and complete checkup that they noted the real issue. The rescuers weighed the owl and concluded that she was “simply extremely obese” and couldn’t take off. This additional weight left her unable to fly, though experts began to wonder how she got so fat in the first place. Because it’s rather unusual for wild birds to reach such a state, they decided to keep her a few weeks and monitor her.
In the end, the rescuers assessed that it was simply a case of “natural obesity”. December 2019 was quite warm, which meant that there were many insects for the bird to feast upon. Indeed, the owl was discovered in a field that was “filled with field mice” due to the usual climate. “It’s been very mild here, and the owl is able to find foods easily,” Samkin explained. With the sudden food, “she ly ate much and got very fat. She had a lovely time, but went too far.”
The researchers consequently put the owl on a “strict diet” so she could shrink to a more “natural weight”. She was even put on a bit of exercise and encouraged to fly around. In the end, the bird was sent flying gracefully off into the British countryside at a much healthier and happier weight. Hopefully, this owl won’t come upon another feast of field mice—unless she wants another few weeks at the fat camp.
12. What did people think happened to the owl at first?
A. She was hurt.
B. She was trapped.
C. She was hungry.
D. She was wet.
13. Why was the bird unable to fly?
A. She needed a thorough checkup.
B. She should be given a drying-off.
C. She was completed overweight.
D. She was simply extremely strong.
14. What made the owl have enough foods?
A. The especially warm weather.
B. The reducing number of insects.
C. The rich fields growing crops.
D. The lovely time the bird enjoyed.
15. How did the owl loseits weight?
A. Going on a diet and exercising.
B. Flying in the British countryside.
C. Visiting that fat camp again.
D. Enjoying her wonderful feast freely.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项
How to Turn Your Hobby into Your Career（职业）
It's said that if you choose a job you love, you'll never work a day in your life.___16___. it is true that you can find many ways to turn yourhobby into a career. Here are some initial steps you can take to make it.
•Choose your favorite hobby. If you have more than one hobby, you will have a choice of which one you turn into a career.___17___. Then, follow a path to professionalism in that hobby.
•___18___. Turning your hobby into a career can be a rewarding experience. However, you'd better be aware of your own strengths first. Whether you are a designer, photographer, dancer or a singer, you have to find out what you are good at and devote every second of your life to it.
• Start small.___19___. Set short term goals and work towards completing those goals with
everything you've got. Starting small gives you the opportunity to discover your strengths and weaknesses.
• Don't fear failure. There is no shame in admitting your career switch didn’t work out. Even if you head into your new career confidently, it might not be as great as it first seems. You might struggle for years to get your new operation off the ground.___20___, don't be afraid to give up.
Start again.
A. Consider your advantages
B. Develop positive work habits
C. While this might sound a bit impractical
D. If your career doesn't work out as planned
E. Your dream job is something you want to do forever
F. Remember to always start small before starting anything
G. First, think about which one really inspires and excites you
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
When most toddlers can speak small sentence and use about 200 words, my three-year-old Kimber knew only fifty small words. She expressed herself in different ways.___21___ways! She pointed, climbed, gestured, cried and even learned baby sign language. But Kimber did not use___22___if she could help it. Kimber was tested, and we discovered she had___23___delay. Later, we learned this was___24___processing and executive function disorders, which made it very___25___for her to learn new sounds, letters and pronunciations.___26___, Kimber was smart enough to___27___that she didn’t say words the same way as everyone else. If she couldn’t say words right, she didn’t want to say them at all and she hated to be___28___so she didn’t use words ever.
That___29___one hot summer day while we were visiting a friend. My friend had a litter of kittens____30____to give to good homes most of the kittens hid in the closet when my____31____toddler approached them, but one little grey one did not____32____, soon, they played together, when it was time to leave, my friend suggested we take kitty home.____33____Kimber had the kitten over her shoulder and its paws were____34____her shirt, I agreed. The next morning, I saw the most amazing thing. She was talking! “good kitty. Lie down.” Kimber said, petting the cat my eyes were filled with tears as I witnessed the____35____. That charming cat inspired Kimber to overcome her own____36____and us the words she knew! I sat____37____, listening to her taking to her new little pet. “Kitty, come here. It’s time to play!” seven words in a____38____from Kimber’s lips were all that I needed to hear. Kitty never went back to my friend. He won his____39____in our home. He was the perfect pet to help Kimber through his____40____love and acceptance.
21. A. instant B. ordinary C. wonderful D. tricky
22. A. cries B. words C. postures D. sounds
23. A. logic B. memory C. behavior D. speech
24. A. based on B. due to C. focused on D. equal to
25. A. impossible B. likely C. difficult D. hopeless
26. A. In other words B. In particular C. As a consequence D. Worse still
27. A. recognize B. distinguish C. pretend D. accept
28. A. corrected B. criticized C. encouraged D. emphasized
29. A. improved B. happened C. developed D. changed
30. A. abandoned B. ready C. adopted D. unwilling
31. A. cautious B. scared C. indifferent D. curious
32. A. flee B. shiver C. leap D. crouch
33. A. although B. since C. if D. while
34. A. tied to B. accessed to C. attached to D. confined to
35. A. miracle B. incident C. suffering D. struggle
36. A. self-confidence B. self-respect C. self-discipline D. self-doubt
37. A. in confusion B. in wonder C. in amusement D. in grief
38. A. way B. line C. row D. moment
39. A. fame B. satisfaction C. security D. place
40. A. unconditional B. fearless C. hopeless D. complicated
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Do you have a library in your classroom? If you consider a classroom library___41.___a cozy and welcoming space where students can read quietly or browse (浏览) through a rich___42.___(collect) of texts, you are only partly correct. They are, in the broadest sense, the backbone of many classroom___43.___(activity).
Generally a classroom library___44.___(equip) with books and other media materials to support students’ daily learning. This provides a place for teachers to teach and children to learn. An effectively___45.___(design) classroom library also helps students locate books___46.___(easy) and gives them room to enjoy themselves.
Further an in-class library offers a setting for students to read aloud and have a discussion___47.___(provide) a perfect opportunity for the teacher to give___48.___informal assessment of each students reading.
The classroom library is a gathering place___49.___students and teachers can express their lives as readers. Here, reading is____50.____exciting and fascinating that students can’t wait to get to it.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文.文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处.每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改.
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）,并在其下面写出该加的词.
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉.
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词.
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词：
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分.
It's important to have regularly meals with the whole family. Because my parents and I am busy, we seldom have a chance to eat together. However, we think we should enjoy meals together in evening. First we considered
set three fixed days every week, and everyone was unhappy. Then Mom suggested we tell her our most convenient days and he chose the two best days. I thought it bored at first I'd rather to spend time with my friends. Gradually, though, I began to see these evening together as interesting. We laughed a lot. We discussed each other problems. Now we are able to build much stronger relationships in my family.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假如你是李华，你的留学生朋友David想请教你如何使用筷子。

你原本打算这周末去他家教他，但你因故不能赴约。

请给他写封邮件，内容包括:
1.表示歉意并说明原因；
2.提出补救方案。

注意:
1.词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
4.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear David,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
1. B
2. B
3. A
4. A
5. D
6. C
7. B
8. D 9. C 10. B 11. A
12. A 13. C 14. A 15. A
16. C 17. G 18. A 19. F 20. D
21. C 22. B 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. D 32.
A 33.
B 34.
C 35. A 36.
D 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. A
41. as 42. collection
43. activities
44. is equipped
45. designed
46. easily 47. providing
48. an 49. where
50. so
51.(1).regularly→regular；(2).am→are；(3).在in和evening之间加the；(4).set→setting；(5).and→but/yet；
(6).he→she；(7).bored→boring；(8).把spend前的to去掉；(9). evening→evenings ；(10).other→other’s 52.略。