2019大一轮高考总复习英语教师用书：必修4 Unit 2 Wor

Unit 2Working the land
[话题单词]
1．provide v. 提供
2．lack v．&n. 缺少
3．waste v. 浪费4．recommend v. 推荐
5．decline v. 减少
6．hit v. 产生不良影响7．protection n. 保护8．energysaving adj. 节省能源的9．annual adj. 每年的
10．severe adj. 严重的11．shortage n. 短缺
12．crisis n. 危机
13．ecology n. 生态学
14．output n. 产量
15．worsen v t. 使更糟
[话题短语]
1．due to由于
2．call on号召
3．deal with解决
4．focus on集中于
5．get rid of去除，消除
6．be faced with面对
7．be concerned about关心
8．lead a poor life过着贫穷的生活
9．with the development of economy随着经济的发展
10．have an effect/influence on...对……产生影响
11．improve the environment改善环境
12．water shortage用水短缺
13．urban and rural areas城镇与农村
14．a welloff society小康社会
15．on a larger scale大量地
[话题佳句]
1．Nowadays many countries are faced with food crisis.
现在有一些国家正面临食品危机。

2．In some areas，people are fighting for getting rid of starvation.
在一些地区，人们正为消除饥饿而斗争。

3．The climate which has been changed seriously has a great effect on the output of grain.
变化剧烈的气候对粮食的产量影响很大。

4．Urbanization which has made lots of fertile farmland wasted is another reason.
使大量肥沃土地被浪费的城市化现象是另外一个原因。

5．The rapid growth of population and limited farmland are the main reasons for food crisis.
人口的快速增长和有限的耕地是食品危机的主要原因。

6．We must bring in advanced technology and modernize our farming method to improve our grain output.我们必须引进先进的技术同时使种植方法现代化，这样才能提高粮食产量。

[佳作背诵]
高三年级举办了一次讨论会，请你将活动情况写成一篇英文报道。

Last Friday，a discussion on the theme“What will the future be like？”was held among students in Senior Three in the lecture hall of our school.Some students are quite optimistic，believing that in the future，with the development of science and technology，transportation will be more convenient and human beings，who enjoy higher quality of life，will live much longer.However，other students，who are a little pessimistic，hold that in the future as natural resources further decrease，farmland will become less.What’s worse，pollution will be more serious and more traffic accidents will happen.After the discussion，we realize we should take immediate measures to protect natural resources and reduce environmental pollution.
一．高考单词→识记·思考·运用
1．核心词汇
①struggle v i.&n.斗争；拼搏
②expand v t.&v i.使变大；伸展
③export v t.&v i.输出；出口
④rid v t.摆脱；除去
⑤reduce v t.减少；减缩
⑥focus n．焦点；中心点v t.集中；聚焦
⑦comment n．评论；议论v i.&v t.表达意见；作出评论
⑧equip v t.&v i.配备；装备equipment n．设备
⑨confuse v t.使迷惑；使为难confused adj.迷惑的confusing adj.令人困惑的⑩regret v t.遗憾；惋惜n．遗憾；懊悔regretful adj.后悔的；遗憾的
2．常考词汇
①therefore ad v. 因此；所以；因而
②decade n. 十年；十年期
③output n. 产量；输出
④skim v t. 浏览；略读
⑤underline v t. 画底线标出；强调
⑥battle n. 战役；战斗；斗争；较量
v t.&v i. 搏斗；奋斗
⑦hunger n. 饥饿；欲望
v t.&v i. (使)饥饿
hungry adj. 饥饿的
⑧disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的；disturb v t. 打扰
⑨circulate v t.&v i.循环；流传
circulation n. 循环；流传
⑩discovery n．发现；发觉
discover v t. 发现
⑪occupation n. 工作；职业；占领
occupy v t. 占据；占领
⑫chemical adj. 化学的；关于化学的
n. 化学药品；chemistry n. 化学；chemist n. 化学家
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity (product)．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
2．What does the underlined (underline) word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to？(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
3．If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter，excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint (暗示) that when the door is closed，you’re not to be disturbed (disturb)．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
4．These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced (reduce) plant diversity in the park.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)
5．Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment (equip) with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
6．To help you do that，your brain increases your hunger (hungry) for new experiences.(2016·北京卷)
7．George Vaillant is the psychologist(心理学家) who made the discovery (discover)．(2016·天津卷)
8．Most of us are more focused (focus) on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)
9．Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the harmful effects of chemicals (chemistry) on humans.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)
10．Taking melatonin (褪黑激素) drugs has been suggested to those who are_struggling (struggle) to fall asleep at night.(2016·四川卷)
❶“因此”家族
①therefore ad v.因此；所以；因而
②so conj.因此，所以
③thus ad v.因此，于是
④consequently ad v.所以，因此
⑤as a result 结果，因此
❷后缀-tion构成的抽象名词
①addition 增加，增加物
②application 请求，应用，运用
③appreciation 欣赏，鉴赏
④celebration 庆祝，典礼
⑤combination 结合
⑥concentration 集中，专心
⑦conduction 传导
⑧congratulation 祝贺
⑨consideration 考虑，思考
⑩construction 建造，建筑
❸动词“扩展；扩大”荟萃
①extend 延伸；扩大
②enlarge 扩大；放大
③spread 扩展；蔓延；传播
④expand 扩展；扩张；膨胀
⑤broaden 使……变宽，扩展
⑥widen 加宽，使张开，使扩大
❹后缀-dom构成的名词一览
①freedom 自由
②wisdom 智慧
③kingdom 王国
④filmdom 电影界，电影业
二．重点短语→识记·思考·运用
1．动词＋介词/副词
①search for 寻找；搜寻
②turn to 转向；求助于
③focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于……
④build up 逐渐增强；建立；开发
⑤lead to 导致；造成(后果)
⑥rid... of 使……摆脱或除去
2．其他形式
①would rather 宁愿；宁可
②thanks to 幸亏；由于，因为
③be satisfied with 对……感到满意
④with the hope of 怀有……的希望
⑤keep...free from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物质) 用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空
1．They tried again and again until all of us were_satisfied.(2017·北京卷)
2．Studying babies’play may lead_to a better understanding of science.(2016·浙江卷) 3．Usually ，gossip spreads information about a topic that a person would_rather keep secret.(2016·浙江卷)
4．Many businesses started up by college students have taken off thanks_to the comfortable climate for business creation.(2016·江苏卷)
5．After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years ，I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear.(2015·浙江卷
)
❶“动词＋up ”短语小结 ①come up 上来，长出，出现 ②keep up 保持 ③hurry up 赶快 ④stay up 挺住，熬夜
⑤make up 构成，组成，编造，弥补 ⑥speed up 加快速度 ❷“动词＋to ”短语荟萃 ①lead to 导致，通向
②attend to 处理，专心于，照料 ③add to 增添 ④agree to 同意 ⑤come to 苏醒
⑥refer to 谈到，涉及，参阅
三．佳句选粹——在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通
struggle v．& n．奋斗，努力；斗争，抗争
(1)struggle against/with sb./sth.同……作斗争；与……抗争
struggle(with sb.)for sth.为争取……而(与某人)作斗争
struggle to do sth.艰难地做某事，挣扎着做某事
struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来
(2)with a struggle 费劲地
It is a struggle for sb.to do sth.
对某人来说做某事是一件艰难的事
①(教材原句)Indeed，his sunburnt face and arms and his slim，strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers，for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.
的确，他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身体，就跟其他千百万的中国农民一样，过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。

②Farmers always have to struggle for a living.They often struggle against/with the bad weather for a better harvest.Some of them even have to leave their hometown and go to work in cities，struggling (struggle) to increase their income.
农民一直都得为了生存而努力。

他们经常与恶劣的天气斗争来争取好一点的收成。

他们中的一些人甚至不得不离开家乡到城市打工，努力地增加他们的收入。

③(2016·北京卷)Because a college community (群体) differs from the family，many students will struggle to find(find)a sense of belonging.
因为大学群体不同于家庭，很多学生要艰难地寻找一种归属感。

④单句语法填空(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)We found that in 30mph zones they struggled (struggle) to keep at a constant speed.
equip vt.& vi.装备；配备
(1)equip...with...用……装备……
be equipped with 装备着……
equip...for sth./to do sth.为了……而装备，使……能够做某事
be well/poorly equipped 设备精良的/较差的
(2)equipment n．装备；设备(不可数名词)
a piece of equipment 一件设备
①(教材原句)He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.
因此，他资助几百万元供其他人进行农业研究。

②(2016·北京卷)Thus，these wellequipped (wellequip) people survived because they were the fittest.
这样，这些装备精良的人幸存了下来，因为他们是最健康的。

③语境填词
Equipped (equip) with much knowledge about education，Li Ming thought the training course had_equipped (equip) him for his job.He was appointed to a middle school，whose classrooms and readingroom were_equipped (equip) with computers and other necessary equipment (equip)．He was glad to see all this and when he saw the well equipped (equip) laboratory，he felt he liked the school and would do quite well there.
④单句语法填空(2017·天津卷)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment (equip), allowing more patients to be treated.
confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难；使混乱；混淆
(1)sth.confuse sb.某事使某人困惑
confuse...with/and...混淆；把……混同；辨别不清
(2)confused adj.困惑的，烦恼的(表示人的内心感受)
become/get confused 困惑；不知所措
be confused by 被……弄混、糊涂
be confused about 对……糊涂、不解
(3)confusing adj.令人费解的；使人困惑的(表示事物的状态)
(4)confusion n．混乱；杂乱；困惑
in confusion 处于混乱状态(＝in a mess)；困惑地
①(教材原句)It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students.
把这个再解释一遍很重要，否则我们就会使学生感到迷惑。

②Confused (confuse)，I glanced toward my stonefaced teacher.
我看了一眼板着脸的老师，内心充满了困惑。

③I was getting confused (confuse) by such a confusing (confuse) problem.
我被这么困惑的问题搞得不知所措。

regret vt.惋惜；后悔；遗憾n.遗憾；抱歉；懊悔
(1)regret doing/having done sth.后悔做了某事
regret to do sth.遗憾将要做某事
regret to say/tell/inform...that...遗憾地说(告知)……
regret＋that 从句遗憾……
(2)with great/deep regret 很遗憾
to one’s regret 让某人感到遗憾的是
have no regrets 没有遗憾
(3)regrettable adj.令人遗憾的，令人懊悔的
①(教材原句)His father says that he has never regretted sending his son to study abroad.
他的父亲说他从不后悔送他儿子到国外学习。

②I have always regretted not_having_studied (not study) hard at school.
我一直后悔在校期间没有努力学习。

③I regretted (regret) to tell him that he had been dismissed.To my surprise，he said to me，“I have no regrets (regret)．I only regret having_taken (take) the wrong job.”
我遗憾地告诉他他被解雇了。

使我惊奇的是，他对我说：“我没有什么遗憾。

我唯一后悔的是选错了工作。

”
focus vt.集中注意力；聚焦n.焦点，关注点，中心点
(1)focus on...集中于……
focus one’s mind/attention/eyes/energy on....集中注意力/目光/精力于……
focus/fix/concentrate one’s attention on sth./doing sth.把注意力集中到某事/做某事
pay attention to 集中注意力于……
(2)be focused on/upon sth.＝be fixed on集中于……
(3)bring/throw sth.into focus 使某事物成为焦点(受到关注)
the focus of attention 注意力的焦点
①(教材原句)They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.
他们主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。

②(2016·北京卷)Anxious all the time ，I was unable to keep focused (focus) for more than an hour at a time.
由于一直焦虑，所以我不能够一次集中精力超过一个多小时。

③Global warming is the focus of the meeting to be held tomorrow.Experts from different countries will focus on a possible solution to this problem.In fact many scientists are_focusing (focus) their attention on/upon this research.
全球变暖是明天要举行的会议的焦点。

来自于不同国家的专家们将集中找到一个可能的办法来解决这一问题。

事实上很多科学家们正集中精力进行这一研究。

④单句语法填空(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)We were respectful of craft(技艺)and focused (focus) on digging into the characters we were going to play.
be satisfied with 对……表示满足或满意
(1)
⎭⎪
⎬⎪
⎫
be satisfied with...be happy with...be content with...对……满意
(2)be satisfied to do...对做……感到满意
(3)(much) to one’s satisfaction ＝to the satisfaction of sb.使某人满意的是 (4)satisfy one’s needs ＝satisfy the needs of sb.满足某人的需求 (5)satisfied adj .满意的
①(教材原句)Yuan Longping is quite satisfied with his life. 袁隆平很满意自己的生活。

②From his satisfied (satisfy) look I know he is_satisfied (satisfy) to work here. 从他满意的神情可以看出，他很满意在这里工作。

③Much to my satisfaction (satisfy)，my boss agreed to my suggestion. 使我非常满意的是老板同意了我的建议。

build up 逐渐增强；建立；开发 build sb./oneself up 增强体质 build up one’s health/body 增进健康 build up a fame 建立名声
build on 在……基础上发展；增(扩)建
①(教材原句)These chemicals in the food supply build up in people’s bodies over time. 随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。

②Try and build up his confidence a bit. 试试让他增加对自己的信心。

③We hope to build on what we learned last year.
我们希望能在去年所学的基础上进一步发展。

④(2015·四川卷)More expressways will_be_built (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
为促进当地的经济发展，四川将建造更多的高速公路。

lead to 导致；造成(后果)；通向
(1)lead sb.to do sth.使某人做某事
lead sb.to/into...带(领)某人到(某处)；使某人得出(结论)
lead sb.in sth./doing sth.带领某人做某事
lead the way 带头；先行
(2)in the lead 处于领先地位
take the lead 带头，领先
①(教材原句)Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.
很多这类化学物质会引起癌症或其他疾病。

②What led you to this conclusion?
你是如何得出这个结论的？
③The discovery of the new evidence eventually led to the official’s being_arrested/arrest (arrest)．
新的证据的发现最终导致这名官员被捕。

If_so，what did you do to grow them?
如果这样的话，你做了些什么来种植这些植物？
if so“如果这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，表示肯定意义；如果表示否定意义，则用if not。

if ever 如果有过/发生过的话
if any 如果有的话
if possible 如果有可能
if necessary 如果有必要
①(2014·福建卷改编)The climate here is quite pleasant，the temperature rarely，if ever，reaching 30℃in summer.
这里的气候非常宜人，温度极少会到达30摄氏度。

②If_possible，you should try it once more.
如果可能的话，你应该再试一次。

③If_necessary，I’ll go there myself.
如果必要的话，我将亲自去那儿一趟。

④I think there’s a train at midday.If_not，you’ll have to wait till 12：30. 我想正午会有一班班车。

要是没有，你只好等到12点半了。