词句精讲精练

Revision module B
词句精讲精练
词汇精讲
1. dream
（1）dream 作动词，意为“做梦，梦见，渴望，向往”等意，既可以做及物动词，也可以做不及物动词。

意为“做……梦" 时，后跟同源名词dream做宾语；意为“梦见”时，常和about 连用；意为“渴望、向往、考虑”等时, 常和of连用。

例如：
She dreamed a good dream last night. 她昨晚做了个美梦。

I sometimes dream about my good friends. 我时常梦见我的好朋友。

I dream of becoming a doctor. 我渴望成为一名医生。

（2）dream 作名词，意为“梦，愿望，心愿”等。

例如：
It’s my dream to win a Nobel Prize. 我的理想是获得诺贝尔奖。

Her dream has come true. 她的愿望变成了现实。

2. discover
discover是动词，意为“发现”，其后可接名词、代词、疑问词+不定式及that从句等。

例如：
We never discovered how to open the door. 我们从未弄清楚如何打开那个门。

【拓展】
(1) discover意为“发现”，指有意或无意地发现已经存在尚不为人知的事物。

例如：
China has discovered oil under the South China Sea. 中国在南海发现了石油。

(2) find意为“找到、发现”，指偶然发现或经过一番寻找，找到值得或所需的东西，强调找的结果。

例如：
I found the keys I was looking for. 我找到了一直在找的钥匙。

(3) find out意为“查明白、弄清楚”，多用于经过调查、分析、研究等手段查出的情况，查出的东西往往是抽象的，如时间、事实、真相等。

例如：
Please find out when the meeting will start. 请查一下会议什么时候开始。

(4) invent意为“发明”，指经过研究、设计而创造出原本未有的东西。

例如：
Cai Lun invented the paper. 蔡伦发明了纸。

3. be good at
be good at 意为“擅长……”，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。

例如：
I’m good at playing tennis. 我擅长打网球。

We should be good at learning from each other. 我们应该善于互相学习。

【拓展】
(1) be good for意为“对……有好处”。

例如：
Eating more vegetables is good for our health.多吃蔬菜对我们的健康有好处。

(2) be good with=get on well with意为“与……相处得好”。

例如：
Tom is very good with the children.
= Tom is getting on with the children. 汤姆与这些孩子处得很好。

(3) be good /kind /nice to意为“对……好”。

例如：
My friend was good to me when I was ill.
我生病时我的朋友对我关怀备至。

4. exercise
（1）作不及物动词，意为“锻炼、运动”。

例如：
— How often do you exercise? 你多久锻炼一次？
— I exercise three times every week. 我每周锻炼三次。

（2）作不可数名词，意为“锻炼、运动”，常与动词take连用。

例如：Exercise makes me keep healthy. 运动使我保持健康。

Some old people take exercise in the park in the morning.
一些老人家清晨在公园做运动。

（3）作可数名词，意为“练习；操”。

例如：
We do morning exercises every day. 我们每天做早操。

They do English exercises to help us learn English well.
他们做英语练习以便学好英语。

5. lead
（1）lead作动词，意为“引导，带领”。

例如：
The teacher leads me in / out.那个老师带我进来/出去。

The road leads you to the station.这条路引导你到车站。

（2）lead to后接名词或动词-ing形式,表示“导致……，通向……”。

例如：The heavy rain led to a flood. 大雨导致了洪水。

All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。

（3）lead sb. to do sth. 表示“致使/诱惑某人做某事”。

例如：
What led you to think so? 什么使你这么想呢？
Salesmen try to lead people to buy things they do not need.
生意人尽力怂恿人们买他们并不需要的东西。

6. as a result
as a result为习惯用语，意为“因此；结果”。

例如：
She defeated all competitors and won the scholarship as a result。

她击败了所有的竞争者，最终赢得了奖学金。

The traffic was very heavy and as a result they didn’t arrive on time.
交通十分拥挤，因此他们没能准时到达。

【拓展】
as a result of 意为“由于”。

例如：
He was late as a result of the heavy rain.
由于大雨他迟到了。

His heart was slightly damaged as a result of her long illness.
久病使他的心脏受到一些损伤。

7. fill
fill表示“装满，填满”，可用作及物和不及物动词，通常与介词with 连用。

例如：
Everything is filled with new life.万物充满了生气。

He filled the bottle with water. 他把瓶子装满了水。

【拓展】
full作为形容词，意为“充满的”。

be full of 意为“充满……的”。

例如：Please tell him the full story.请将全部情况告诉他。

The train was traveling at full speed.火车正全速前进。

The room is full of children. 房间里全是孩子。

8. include
include作动词，意为“包括；包含”。

例如：
The price for the hotel includes breakfast. 旅店的费用包括早餐在内。

The bag included a dictionary. 那包里有一本字典。

【拓展】
including除了是include的现在分词/动名词之外，在日常运用中一般被当作介词使用，和其后的名词/代词一起形成介宾短语，意思是“包括……在内”。

例如：
There are many different kinds of moon cakes, including fruit, coffee and ham.
有很多种月饼，包括水果的，咖啡的和火腿月饼。

There are 40 students in the classroom, including her.
班里有40名学生，包括她在内。

词汇精练
I. 英汉词组互译。

1. can’t wait to do sth. _____________
2. spend…doing sth. ________________
3. 上网________________ 4．搜索________________
5. 忍不住做某事____________
6. win the heart of sb.__________
7. 到目前为止_________8. count down_________
9. 邀请某人做某事__________10．with a smile on one’s face __________
11．太……而不能……12．tidy up________
II. 根据句意及首字母提示补全句子。

1. I always feel n_________ to have a speech. What should I do?
2. We should feel p______________ of our country.
3. He does n’t know how to i________ his English.
4. Are you looking f_______ to visiting the Great Wall?
5. Sh e’s g______ to America，so you can’t see her now．
6. Fast food is not h_______ and once I got a stomachache．
7. We often get exercise by ________(go) out for a walk after dinner．
8. They ________(live) there in the past three years．
9. Lily l______ the blind man across the road on her way home yesterday．
10. She likes to c________coins．
III. 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。

1. He spent much time _________(watch) TV.
2. Thanks for _________(help) us.
3. They _________(arrive) in a few days.
4. We ______ already _______ (seen) the film. We ______ (see) it last week.
5. ______ the young woman ever ______(travel) to England?
6. We all know the earth ______(go)around the sun．
7. I expect _______(have) a good time in the zoo.
8. She often practises ______(speak) English in the morning．
【参考答案】
I. 英汉词组互译。

1. 迫不及待做某事
2. 花费……做某事3．go online
4．search for 5. c an’t help doing sth. 6. 赢得某人的心
7. so far 8. 倒计时9. invite sb. to do sth. 10．脸上带着微笑11．too...to... 12．打扫；收拾
II. 根据句意及首字母提示补全句子。

1. nervous
2. proud
3. improve
4. forward
5. gone
6. healthy 7．going8．have lived 9. led 10．collect
III. 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。

1.watching
2.helping
3.will arrive
4. have, seen, saw
5. Has, travelled
6.goes
7. to have
8. speaking
句式精讲
1. I’m afraid I don't like cheese.
I’m afraid…意为“恐怕……”，后接句子，常用于表示令人不快或难以实现的事。

例如：
I’m afraid it’s going to rain. 恐怕要下雨了。

I’m afraid it’s not a good idea. 恐怕那不是一个好主意。

I’m afraid we can’t go to your birthday party. 恐怕我们不能去参加你的生日聚会。

【拓展】
be afraid of …意为“害怕……”。

of是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。

例如：
She is afraid of going out alone late at night. 她很怕深夜独自外出。

I’m afraid of the dog. 我怕狗。

2. I’ve stopped trying now.
stop doing sth. 意为“停止做某事”。

例如：
He stopped watching TV and began to read English.
他不看电视了，开始读英语。

【拓展】
（1）stop后还可以接动词不定式，即stop to do sth意为“停下来原来做的事，做另一件事”。

例如：
When the teacher came, he stopped to do his homework.
当老师进来时，他停下来开始做作业。

（2）stop还可以构成短语stop somebody/something from doing something表示“阻止某人做某事或者阻止某事发生”。

例如：
The trees and grasses can stop the wind from blowing the earth away.
树和草可以阻止风把土吹走。

3. have been/have gone
（1）have been to＋地点名词，表示“曾经去过某地”，但现在不在那里, 后可接次数，如once，twice，three times等，表示“去过某地几次”，也可和just，never，ever等连用。

例如：My father has been to Beijing twice．我父亲去过北京两次。

I have never been to the Great Wall．我从未去过长城。

Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾经去过北京吗？
（2）have gone to＋地点名词, 表示“去了某地”，可能已经达到或者在路途中，不在说话的现场。

如果have gone to后接地点副词时，要省略to。

例如：
Mr. Wang isn’t here．He has gone to Qingdao．
王先生不在这里。

他去青岛了。

—Where is Jim？吉姆在哪里？
—He has gone to America．他去美国了。

4. I can't help laughing when I watch them.
c an’t help doing sth. 意为“禁不住做某事”。

例如：
I couldn’t help crying when I heard the bad news.
当我听到那个坏消息时，禁不住哭了。

【拓展】
help的常见用法：
（1）help sb. with sth.或help sb. (to) do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”。

例如：
I have to help my parents with the housework. 我得帮助我的父母做家务。

Sometimes I help my mother do the cooking. 有时候我帮我母亲做饭。

（2）help oneself to... 意为“随便用……”。

例如：
Help yourself to some fish. 随便吃点鱼吧。

（3）with the help of 意为“在……的帮助下”。

例如：
I work out the problem with the help of the computer.
借助电脑，我解决了这个问题。

5. I run out of chocolate!
run out of意为“用完，用尽”，相当于use up。

We have run out of paper.我们的纸用完了。

【拓展】
run out与run out of的辨析：
run out意为“用完了”，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为表示“时间、食物、金钱等”词；而run out of意为“用完了”，是及物动词短语，表示主动含义，主语一般是人。

例如：
You’d better go home before your money runs out.
你最好别等钱花光再回家。

We ran out of coal, and had to burn wood.
我们的煤用光了，只好烧柴。

6. …and it depends on your personal choice.
depend意思为“依靠、依赖、取决于”等，只用作不及物动词，通常与介词on, upon 连用，有时可在某人或某物后用介词for。

主要用法有：
(1) depend on/upon＋某人或某物例如：
Whether we’ll go camping depends on the weather.
我们是否去野营要看天气。

Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.
儿童的衣食靠父母。

(2) depend on /upon＋从句例如：
Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.
我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力。

The amount you pay depends on where you live.
你付多少钱要看你住什么地方。

(3)口语中说It (all) depends. /That depends.意为“那要看情况”。

例如：
—Are you going too? 你也去吗?
—That depends. 那要看情况。

句式精练
I. 句型变换。

1. I spent two hours on my homework last night.（改为同义句）
___________ took me two hours ___________ finish my homework.
2. He has a wonderful time in China. (改为同义句)
He ________ _________ in China.
3. They haven’t seen each other for years．(就划线部分提问)
______ ______ ______they seen each other?
4. This factory opened twenty years ago．(改为同义句)
This factory ______ ______ ______ for twenty years．
5. Her brother has been a Party member for three years．(改为同义句)
Her brother _______ the Party three years ________．
6．I think the ending is happy．(改为否定旬)
I _______ _______ the ending _______ happy．
7．Both Tom and Mary like English．(改为同义句)
______ _______ Tom ______ _______ Mary _______ English.
8．You’d better ask the policeman for help．(改为否定句)
You’d better _______ _______ the policeman for help．
II.根据汉语提示完成下列句子。

1. 汤尝起来很好。

The soup ________ _______.
2. 恐怕我要迟到了。

I _________ ________ I _________ be late.
3. 我不可能同陌生人交谈。

It’s ______ for me ______ ______ ______ strangers．
4．宇宙飞船已经到达月球。

The ______ has ______ _______ the moon．
5．这个男孩是我们学校篮球队成员之一。

The boy is a _______ _______ our school basketball team．
6．我今天感觉不舒服。

I’m not _______ _______ toda y．
7. 卡通片仍然受到孩子和老人们的欢迎。

Cartoons are still _______ _______ children and people.
8．很多学生有爱好，例如：读书、画画等。

Many students have ______，______ ______ ______ and ______.
III. 补全对话。

Emma: What are you talking about?
Jack: 1. ______
Pam: Jack wants to go to the water park. But I want to go to the beach.
Jack: The water park is more exciting.
Emma: This Saturday? Oh! I want to tell you.2. ______ You two should come with me! Pam: What kind of concert?
Emma: Look at the notice.
(Sunday, June 26 at 6:00 p.m. 3. ______ The concert is free. Everyone is welcome!) Jack: Wow! Free jazz music in the park!
Emma: 4. ______ The concert will be great, and it’s free!
Pam: The beach is free too! But the water park isn’t.
Jack: Hey, 5. ______.
Pam: But it’s not free!
【参考答案】
I. 句型变换。

1. It, to
2. enjoys himself 3．How long haven’t4．has been open
5. joined；ago
6. d on’t think, is
7. Not only；but also；likes
8. not ask
II.根据汉语提示完成下列句子。

1. tastes good
2. am afraid; will
3. impossible; to communicate with
4. spaceship; arrived on
5. member of
6. feeling well
7. popular with 8．hobbies；such as reading；painting
III. 补全对话。

1. B
2. A
3. E
4. D
5. C。