热能动力工程专业英语课件
热能与动力工程专业英语
因此,朗肯循环的热效率 n 是
(1-2).
所需的输出,即除以能量输入 (购买能源)。
Obviously,the thermal efficiency can be improved by increasing the numerator or by decreasing the denominator. This can be done by increasing the pump outlet pressure P2, increasing the boiler outlet temperature T3 or decreasing the turbine outlet pressure P4.
显然,通过增加分子或通过减小分母可以提高热效率。这可以通过增加泵出口压力 P2,锅炉出口温度 T3 的增加或减少涡轮出口压力 P4。
1.1。8 再热循环
很明显与高锅炉压力或低凝汽器压力朗肯循环中运行时很难防止液滴在低压涡轮的部分形成。由于大多数金属不能经受温度约 600 以上,再热周期通常用于防止液体滴形成: 蒸汽涡轮机穿越在一些中间的压力,从而提高 5 中的状态 T 的图图 1-6 的温度加热。然后的蒸汽涡轮低压条经过和进入状态 6 冷凝器。这控制或完全消除了在涡轮中的水分问题。通常,涡轮分为高压涡轮和低压涡轮。再热循环不会显著影响热效率的周期,但它不会导致重大的额外工作输出,表示在图中的地区 4-5-6-4' 的图 1-6-4。再热循环要求额外的设备,在重大的投资和使用这类设备必须是从事经济工作增加的输出的 justifled。如果再热不用于避免液滴形成,凝汽器压力必须相当高,这会导致较低循环效率。在这个意义上,再热显著增大时没有再热,但较高的凝汽器压力相比,周期循环效率。
热能与动力工程专业英语-1-SDU
考察方式
最终成绩以平时表现和期末成绩为准 比例20%+80% 闭卷考试
Chapter 1 Intro to thermal sciences New words
Acoustic flowmeter 声波流量计 Adiabatic 绝热的 Aerodynamics 空气动力学 Affiliation 联系 Airfoil 机翼,螺旋桨 Alternative fuel 替代燃料 Anemometer [.æ ni‵mɔmitə] 风速计, 风力计
New words
Equilibrium 平衡 均衡 Fluid mechanics 流体力学 Forced convection 强制对流 Free convection 自然对流 Friction loss 摩擦损失 Glass ceramic 微晶玻璃,玻璃陶瓷 Heat engine 热机 Heat pump 热泵 Hydrofoil 水翼,水翼艇[英] [`haɪdrə.fɔɪl]
2012专业外语
授课教师: 赵红霞
授课内容
以阎维平 柳成文 主编的 《专业英语》 为 参考教材 课堂上尽量采用主动式交互式学习方式 尽量提高学生的口头英语表达能力
教学要求
掌握常见的英文热动制冷专业词汇 注意中英文之间的联系和对应 能够将中文科技资料翻译成英文 能够将英文资料翻译成中文
New words
Vortex shedding 漩涡脱落 Water faucet 水龙头,水嘴[`fɔ:sɪt]
Abbreviations
热能与动力工程,内燃机,专业英语,翻译,课件
2. Four-stage-engine Operation四行程发动机工作过程The action taking place in the engine cylinder can be divided into four stages, or strokes. ―Stroke‖refers to piston movement; as stroke occurs when the piston moves from one limiting position to the other. The upper limit of piston movement is called TDC (top dead center). The lower limit of piston movement is called BDC (bottom dead center). A stroke is piston movement from TDC to BDC or from BDC to TDC. In other words, the piston completes a stroke each time it change its direction of motion.发动机气缸内的工作过程,可以分为四个阶段,或行程。
行程涉及活塞的运动;活塞从某一限定位臵到另一限定位臵的运动称为一行程。
活塞运动的上限称为TDC(上止点),下限称为BDC(下止点)。
一个行程就是活塞从上止点到下止点,或从下止点到上止点的运动。
换句话说,活塞每完成一个行程,就改变一次其运动的方向。
Where the entire cycle of events in the cylinder requires four strokes (or two crankshaft revolutions), the engine is called a four-stroke-cycle engine, or a four-cycle engine. The four piston strokes are intake, compression, power, and exhaust.发动机气缸中的全部工作过程分为四个行程的(或者曲轴旋转两周的),叫做四行程循环发动机,或四循环发动机。
热能与动力工程专业英语
steam power plant 蒸汽动力装置auxiliary辅助物;附属机构,辅助的的element 机组,部件,单元reservoir n. 水库;蓄水池heat reservoir热库储热器蓄热器贮热器oil reservoir储油器油罐油层油藏reservoir capacitor存储电容器;充电电容器;petroleum reservoir油贮油层;油气藏heat utilizer 热利用设备thermodynamics 热力学refrigerator 冷源冰箱dispose 处理remainder剩余物halve 二等分turbine cycle 涡轮汽轮机循环generator 发电机condenser 冷凝器聚光器pump 泵economizer 省煤器boiler drum 汽包锅筒reclaim 回收stack/ flue gas 延期thus 因此to be supplied 应该供给dry and saturated steam 干饱和蒸汽superheater 过热器steam turbine 蒸汽轮机bled off 抽出steam-jetair-ejector 射汽抽气器mechanical power机械功shaft 轴alternator 交流发动机regenerative cycle 会热循环distribution 输配throttle 节流阀入口exhaust hood 排气罩whence由此从何处sensible heat 显热latent heat 潜热cooling tower 冷却塔motor 马达vacuum 真空approximately 大约近似的shell 壳体principally主要的nozzle 喷嘴velocity 速率entrain携带传输motive steam 动力蒸汽after-condenser 后部凝汽器compressor压缩机exciter励磁机drain排水排干hotwell pump热井应用泵discharge排放卸货解雇low-pressure heater 低压加热器extraction 抽气drain pump 疏水泵condensate冷凝物浓缩物deaerating heater 除氧加热器contact type接触类型eliminate 消除augment 增大check valve 逆流阀junction 交叉点连接点pipe 管orifice 节流孔板vent 孔缺口有孔排出principle 原理solubility 溶解度boiling point沸点discharge 排放卸货atmospheric大气的气压的atmospheric corrosion[化工] 大气腐蚀atmospheric condenser[制冷] 大气冷凝器usual practice惯例通常办法simultaneously同时的subatmospheri c低于大气的occasion引起机会理由场合installation安装undesirable不受欢迎的不和需要的shifting移动的,移位furnish提供供应装备backflow回流逆流surge tank平衡水箱缓冲槽stored water 积水in parallel with 与平行与同时distilled蒸馏的来的净化的in the event of发生如果万一storage capacity 储存能力flashing闪蒸suction抽吸drain cooler 输水冷却器flashed heater 闪蒸加热器trap 使受限制latent heat of vaporization汽化潜热operational outfit operate运行设备flashing闪蒸steam generator 蒸汽发生器锅炉superheater 过热器reheater 再热器ash removal system除灰系统water-tube boiler 水管锅炉feed pump 给水泵subcool 过冷furnace 炉膛高炉natural circulation 自然循环downcomer circuit下降管回路riser上升管critical 临界的moisture 水分carryover夹带scrub 洗涤清洗气体洗涤rated capacity 额定容量prime mover 原动机blade 叶片centrifugal force离心力waterwall 水冷壁ignition point 燃点heat releaser rate 放热速率ashpit 灰仓灰坑灰池灰斗accretion 增长primary air 一次风secondary air 二次风tertiary air 三次风primary energy初级能源mechanical atomization机械雾化rotary cup burner 转杯燃烧器spinning cup 转杯drool 液滴等流出accommodate 供应调节tangential slot 切向槽calorific热量热量的calorically perfect gas 发热的理想气体combination burner 混合式燃烧器flame-failure device 火焰故障检测设备purge 吹扫erosion 冲蚀腐蚀pulverized coal 煤粉bypass damper旁路挡板desuperheat使过热蒸汽减温desuperheater 减温器longitudinal 经度的纵向的cast iron 铸铁extended surface 扩展表面recuperative 再生的supercritical 超临界firetube boiler 火管锅炉spew 喷涌electrostatic precipitator静电除尘器monotube 单管counterflow regenerator 逆流再生换热器parallel flow 顺流crosswise flow 交叉流baghouse 集尘室袋packaged or shop-assembled(shop-erected)boiler 快装锅炉coal fired power plant 燃煤发电厂piece 部件unit设备term 术语broadly明显的概括的refer to 只是boiler section炉膛boiler proper 锅炉本体integrated to 整合yield 形成combustion 燃烧examine检查trace out追踪noting 注释记录提示pump exit 泵出口steam drum 锅筒saturation temperature饱和温度releasing point 释放的地方relatively 相当的大量的be brought about 产生区分分类illustrated 显示convectively对流的引起对流传递性的convectively stable对流稳定water leg 水柱水侧equilibrium velocity 均衡速率available pressure difference 可利用压差stationary固定的local steam pocket 局部气块burnout 烧毁schematic 原理图图解视图recall 回想resistance阻力tube layout布局安排管子steam water separation汽水分离once-through forced circulation直流强制循环vaporized蒸发as indicated 如文distribute 分配diameter 直径conservative恒定的保守的release rate释放率separation surface 分离面water level水位fluctuating load负荷波动变载荷interior 内部的carryover夹带closely spaced 紧密空间布置Z-shaped 蒸汽清洗装置fin 翅片管wash and scrub清晰到sectionalize 划分分段dryer drier烘干机cartons纸箱the order of 量级installation装置就职rated capacity 满负荷运行standpoint 角度prime mover 原动机maintenance维护deposit沉淀associated 伴随purification 净化as to至于就…而论moisture removal除去水分除湿量impurity 杂质per million 百万分之一remarkable 值得注意的concentration浓度集中浓缩substance 物质commercial商业的distilled water 蒸馏水intolerable 不能容忍的drum桶internal baffli ng内部挡板inertia惯性foam blanket泡沫覆盖层preliminary初步的预备的minute bubbles小气泡undulating plate 波纹板passage 通路droplet液滴小滴cyclones 旋流器scrubber洗涤器涤气器supplement补充附录procedure流程程序spray into喷雾喷射silica二氧化硅硅胶vapor蒸汽烟雾cylindrical baffles圆柱形的挡板circumference圆周周长expedite 加速排除,畅通的快速的lengthwise 沿长度方向的load负荷pickup收集整理拾起fed through连通contrast对比差别trough水槽低压槽uniformly一致的均匀的somewhat有点稍微多少discharge排放temperature shock热震温度突跃温度冲击uniform一致的turbulence湍流紊流residual 剩余的internal feed treatment给水国内处理constitute 组成water-cooled wall水冷壁supplant代替refractory耐火材料slagging 结渣brickwork failure 耐火砖墙失效firmly稳定的严重的adhering附着粘附的accretion增加增加物full extent consistent相容的一致的firing characteristic 燃烧特性in all case 任何情况下refractory 难熔的耐火的maintenance 运行维护heat-absorbing envelope热吸收装置backed with以..背后支持insulation绝缘材料lath板条moderate cooling缓慢冷却adjacent邻近的tangent切向的相切的接触的stagger交错的deflector 导流器tangential 切线的spiral ribs螺旋筋板outlet periphery出口外围outer housing 外围气室adjustable vane 可调节导向叶片rear wall后壁impingement碰撞oil burner guns 燃油燃烧器油枪the tip 出口简短be imparted to给予rim边缘impinge撞击侵犯chamber室房间viscosity粘性粘度virtue功效优点emerge through产生于circumferential圆周的the square of 平方drool口水流下necessitate需要迫使spinning oil 拉丝油旋转的油booster pump增压泵entail必需继承corrosion腐蚀application应用cleanliness清洁度be plugged with被堵塞calorific发热的radiation-sensitive eyes对照射灵敏refinement提纯purge净化carnot theoretical cycle 卡诺理论循环upper temperature 上限温度blade erosion叶片腐蚀failure 失效minimize最小化partially expanded steam 部分膨胀的蒸汽conventional 传统的convection 对流的radiant 辐射式的tubing 管线量把装管heat–release portion部分最高传热点practical matter实际问题dictate支配application应用inherent 内部的incorporated包含bypass damper旁路挡板burner tilt燃烧器摆动gas recirculation干气回注烟气在循环desuperheat 见闻steam drum 汽包fire运转boiler bank管速provision准备供应sulfurous and sulfuric acid 亚硫酸硫酸binder粘合剂deposit沉淀instance例子dew-point露点cold end 冷端duration持续期间longitudinal fin 纵向翅片gilled ring 圆环肋片flowing over 横向冲刷linear现行temperature differential 温差regenerative 回热蓄热Ljungstrom heater荣格斯特朗空气加热器recuperative airheater间壁式空气预热器tubular 管式performance性能outer steel casing 外部护板钢metal lath 金属条plastic insulation 塑性绝热材料chrome铬合金integral积分的完整的整体的supercritical超临界central station steam generator 中心电站dictated 口述的引导的initial初始的physical phenomenon 物理现象specific volume比容working fluid 工资homogeneous 同质均匀的once-though or monotube一次通过或者单管principal首要的最重要的unit 机组size 容量shipment运输tube bank管束排管spew 喷出the stack 炉身fine particle细粒微粒electrostatic precipitation静电沉淀polarity极性baghouse袋式除尘器filter过滤wetback packaged boiler热水快装锅炉hp Horse Power 马力drawings图纸interior lining 内线内部管线sino-us中美之间的rear gas chamber 烟气室后部refractory brick耐火砖partition wall间隔墙integral annealing完整的退火welding焊接prolonging延长ample 充足的insulate隔离绝缘隔热retention保留kilocalorie千卡insulated 绝热的heat-resistance 热阻sealed 密封的covering 覆盖物excellent 极好的retention 保留capacity 能力coal 煤Substance 混合物compound 化合物component 成分,组分hydrogen 氢carbon 碳element 元素contribute 贡献,有助于Heating value 热值mine 开采anthracite 无烟煤bituminous 烟煤Semianthracite 半无烟煤subbituminous 次烟煤organic 有机的volatile matter 挥发分practically 几乎pennsylvania 宾夕法尼亚flame 火焰commonly 普通地heating residence 住宅取暖available 可利用的pea豌豆stove 炉子maximum 最大的diameter 直径content 含量Slag 炉渣by far 到目前为止industry 工业variation 变化consideration 考虑因素operator 经营者composition 构成proximate analysis 工业分析ultimate analysis 元素分析determine 确定moisture 水分volatile matter 挥发分fixed carbon 固定碳ash 灰烬Establish 确立simulate模拟sample 试样,样品procedure 程序,步骤representative 典型的,有代表性的pile 堆,群crush 粉碎sieve 筛子,滤网airtight 密封的resealing 再密封weigh 称重量gram 克Platinum 铂,白金crucible 坩埚combined 结合的oven 烤箱dessicator 干燥器indicate 表明tight-fitting 紧身的Bunsen burner 本生灯V olatile挥发性的plus 加上stir 搅拌powdery mass 粉块previously 预先,以前subtract 减去,扣掉constituent 成分general 大体的,一般的suitability 适合,适当,相配assume假定indicate 表明excess 过量的comply 遵守,遵从Federal Environmental Protection Agency 联邦环境保护署regulation 规定combustible 可燃物nitrogen 氮analytical 分析的description 描述process 过程substituting 代替formula 公式derived 由……推导physicist 物理学家professor 教授director 主任Ecole Polytechnique 巴黎理工大学Specific heat比热immensely 极大地pound 英镑divide 除以percentage value 百分比heating value 热值calorimeter 量热计20-mesh sieve 20目combustion products of fossile fuel化石燃料的燃烧产物Emission 排放物Fossil 化石燃料Combustion unit. 燃烧设备Type and size 类型和功率Composition 作文合成物Maintenance 维护,维修;保持;生活费用Significant amounts ofParticulate 微粒物质;悬浮微粒;粉尘Trace elements 微量元素Waste heat 废热Carbon Dioxide二氧化物monoxide一氧化物trioxide三氧化物Carcmogens 致癌物质producedFrom fuel combustionToxic 有毒的;中毒的Emitted 射出的排放(emit的过去分词)In the absence of 无…时,缺少…时Directly Proportional 正向比例Sulfur Content 硫含量Residual oil渣油Inorganically 无机的Organic 有机的Sulfides硫化物sulfate硫酸盐Present in 存在于Compound 合成搀合化合物;混合物Disulfide 二硫化物(等于disulphide)Mercaptan n. [有化] 硫醇Distinct 明显的;独特的;清楚的;有区别的Odor 气味;味道Oxidize vt. 使氧化;使生锈likewise同样的Approximately 大约Convert 转化Emitted 排放的Excess air 过量空气Individual furnace 单炉膛Profile 断面Individual furnace单炉膛结构overall总体说Chemisorb 化学吸附Fly ash 飞灰Particle 颗粒Flue gas Desulfurization system 脱硫Catalytic hydro-desulfurization 催化湿法脱硫Waxy 蜡质Imposing problem有前途的课题Pyrite 黄铁矿Organically bound有机化合物Gasification n. 气化Throwaway system 一次性系统by-product recovery system副产品回收系统stack gas 烟气be disposed of 被处理Viewpoint n. 观点,看法;视角Fixation 固定Molecular Nitrogen 分子氮气Nitric oxide一氧化氮Thermal NOx 热力型fuel NOx燃料型quick response NOx快速型Presumably 可能marketable可售的Appreciable amounts of 大量的Horizontal firing水平燃烧Tangential firing 切圆燃烧Low excess air operation 低过剩空气燃烧Operating variable运行变量Air-fuel Ratio 空燃比Two Broad categories两大类别Current control techniquesEmission排放Power plants发电厂be divided into被分成Combustion modification燃烧调整Flue gas cleaning烟气净化Two stage combustion 两级燃烧Modification involve reductionPeak gas temperature气体峰温Operating toward操作Reducing atmosphere还原气氛Change in flue gas cleaningField test 现场试验field installation 现场安装设备demonstrate显示出achievable 可以实现的significant impairment of thermal efficieny对热效率明显影响Retrofit热效率Derive来自Mineral impurity矿藏特性Pulverize粉碎Industrial boilers 工业锅炉Particulate 粉尘Derived from 来自于Mineral 矿藏Impurity杂质Cnain grate 链条炉Spreader stoker units 抛煤机炉排单位Cyclone furnace 旋风炉膛Grinding研磨Distribution 分布Exhaust gases 排烟Incompete combustion 不完全燃烧Carbon soot 炭黑Assessment评估Mass median diameter 质量中位直径Flue Gas Desulfurization烟气脱硫SO2 removal efficiency 脱硫效率ICI 帝国化学公司copper oxide 氧化铜worked-out 用过的、废弃的recovering 回收regenerative 再生的concentrate 浓缩、冷凝sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫elemental 单质的、元素的NA TO 北约Under construction 正在建设中circulating fluidized bed CFBCCoal washing gasification liquefaction煤的洗选气化液化Commercial application商业化应用Process utilize工艺使用Thames river泰晤士河alkaline absorbent 碱性吸收剂Settle 沉淀oxidation 氧化作用Temporarily suspend 暂时制止Adverse 不利的、敌对的Discharge scrubber effluent 排放清洗器废水Barge 用船运输dump 倾倒、倾卸Electrolytic zinc company 电解锌公司Tidal water潮汐水smelter gas 冶炼厂烟气commission 投用、交付使用improved V ersion 改进版本a time of laboratory 中试研究and pilot plant investigationpilot 辅助的、实验性的solid sludge 污泥、污渣Lime/limestone 石灰/石灰石dilute acid processes 稀酸工艺sulfite 亚硫酸Scrubbing 擦洗、洗涤carbon absorbption processes碳吸收工艺magnesium oxide 氧化镁iron ore sintering plant 铁矿熔炼厂injection processes喷射工艺Iron ore sinter 铁矿石燃烧plug 阻塞、堵Particulate 颗粒、微粒inadequate 无效的Treat 处理electrostatic precipitators 静电除尘器predominate 占统治地位、统治process Category 工艺种类convenient方便的categorize分类Throwaway process 一次性方法gypsum process石膏工艺eventual product 最终产物Disposed of entirely全部处理Landfill 填土、填地Pond 水池water course河道a worked-out mine 废弃矿井neutralizing the acidly 中和酸Liquor 溶液、使溶解alternative 可选择的、替换物well-defined 好的特性disposal characteristic处理特性Regenerative process再生工艺Reactant反应物concentrate 浓缩sulfuric acid 硫酸Liquefied 液态的principally 主要地Refinery 精炼厂、炼油厂Status 状态、情况principally 主要地Refinery 精炼厂、炼油厂Demonstration purpose 演示用途comparability 可比性Calc ium sulfite 亚硫酸钙calcium sulfate 硫酸钙sulfur contents 含硫量double alkali process 双碱法工艺Whereas 然而availability 有效性、效率Plant 装置scaling缩放结垢plugging 堵塞erosion 腐蚀offset 抵消Plaster 熟石膏Retarder缓凝剂减速器extra process equipment额外的工艺设备maintenance cost维护成本wallboard 墙板cement manufacture 水泥生产sufficient market 足够的市场Coal washing 洗煤Coal gasification 煤气化Coal liquefaction 煤液化Briquette sulfur-capturing 型煤固硫Boiler Control锅炉控制Objective目的Oscillations 振荡hunting 波动significant 象征;重大的,有效的Airflow 气流,空气的流动distribution 分布,分配feedwater 给水flow 流动Flow rate 流量steam drum 蒸汽锅筒parameter 参数,系数instrumentation测试设备检测仪表Utilizes 利用,使用closed loop 闭环,闭合回路measurement 测量度量,尺寸Demand 需求,要求error signal 误差讯号inversely 相反的,倒转的Proportional 比例项比例的dead band 死区,非灵敏区域offset 补偿,偏差Eliminate 消除,排除incorporating 合并;合并的reset 重新设定,重置Integral 积分,部分,完整deviation偏差,误差,背离terminology 术语,用词V ariable 变量,可变因素The band of 从reduce 减少,缩小,降低take over 接管,接收Positioning 定位,配置,布置excessive 过多的,极度的,过分的corrosion 腐蚀Efficiency 效率效能superheated 过热的,过热蒸汽derivative 微分control控制the rate of change改变率excess air 过剩空气soot blowing 吹灰Combustion 燃烧,氧化cleanliness 清洁distribution 分布分配V ariation 变化saturated 使渗透,饱和的soot 烟灰,煤灰Auxiliary 辅助机构base point 基点volumetric flow体积流量Convective 对流的radiant 辐射的parallel 平行线,对比Constant 不变的transfer 转让,传递tilt 倾斜,摆动downward向下的Furnace 火炉,熔炉absorption 吸收minimize 最小化Economizer 省煤器outlet 出口,排放口inlet入口reintroduce 再引入blower鼓风机Ductwork 管道系统diluting 稀释velocity 速率;迅速gas Temper 烟气回火attemperation 温度调节Spray 喷雾;喷射nozzle 喷嘴venturi 文丘里喷管Via 取道,经过element 元素原理damper 挡板Govern管理,支配,控制Presence存在Base point 基点complicate 使恶化Clean coal technologies 洁净煤技术Comply with 服从,遵从Stringent 严格的Environmental Legislation 环境保护法规立法Approach 方法,途径Consist in 在于Existing现有的Pulverized coal(PC)煤粉装置Depolluting devices 去污染设备Act on作用Emission 发出物,排放物。
热能与动力工程专业英语..
Chapter 1 Introduction to Thermal Science第一章热科学基础Acoustic flow meter 声波流量计Corrugated fin 波状散热片Adiabatic[]绝热的Cross product 矢量积Aerodynamics 空气动力学Denominator 分母Affiliation 联系Developed flow 充分发展流Airfoil 机翼,螺旋桨Diffusion 扩散Alternative 替代燃料Doppler effect 多普勒效应Anemometer 风速计Double-pipe heat exchanger 套管式换热器Angular speed 角速度Dry saturated vapor 干饱和蒸汽Area density 表面密度Electrode 电极Baffle 挡板Electrolyte 电解,电解液Bifurcation 分形Electrostatic 静电的Blackbody 黑体Emissivity 发射率Blade 浆叶,叶片Equilibrium 平衡Boiler 锅炉Fluid mechanics 流体力学Boundary layer 边界层Forced convection 强制对流Carnot Cycle 卡诺循环Free convection 自然对流Cartesian coordinates 笛卡尔坐标系Friction loss 摩擦损失Celsius Degree 摄氏度Glass ceramic 微晶玻璃,玻璃陶瓷Compact heat exchanger 紧凑式换热器Heat engine 热机Composition 成分,合成物Heat pump 热泵Compressed liquid 压缩液体Hydrofoil 水翼Compressibility 可压缩性,压缩率Hypersonic speed 高超音速Condensation 凝结Infinitesimal 无穷小的Condenser 冷凝器Inflating/deflating 充气/压缩Conduction 导热Internal combustion engine 内燃机Control volume 控制体Isentropic 等熵的Convection 对流Isobaric 等压的Coriolis-accelaration flowmeter 科氏加速流量计Isolated system 孤立体系的Isometric 等容的Rough-wall tube 粗糙管Isothermal 等温的Saturation 饱和Kinematic viscosity 运动黏度Shear stress 剪切力、切应力Laminar 层流Shell-and-tube heat exchanger管壳式换热器Manuscript 手稿,原稿Specific volume 比容Moisture 湿度,水分Steady 稳态的,定常的Molecule (化学)分子Stifling engine 斯特林机Molten polymer 熔融聚合物Strain rate 变形速度,应变率Muti-disciplinary 多学科的Streamline 流线Newtonian Fluid 牛顿流体Strut 支撑,支柱Subcooled liquid过冷液体Nominal temperature gradient 法向温度梯度Numerator (数学)分子Superheated vapor 过热蒸汽Parallel flow 平行流动,并流Surrounding 环境,外界Pathline迹线Thermal conductivity 热传导率Phase change 相变Thermal efficiency 热效率Plane flow 平面流,二元流Thermodynamics 热力学Torsional 扭力的,扭转的Plate and flame heat exchanger板式换热器Polymer solution 胶浆Trailing edge 机翼后缘、尾缘Proof 校样Transmitter 传送装置、发送器Propeller 螺旋桨,推进器Turbine meter 涡轮流量计Pump泵Turbulent 湍流的Qulity 干度Ultrosonic 超声波的Qusi-equilibrium 准平衡、准静态Uniform flow 均匀刘Radiation 辐射Vacuum 真空Rankin Cycle 朗肯循环View factor 角系数Viscous 黏性的Regenerative heat exchanger蓄热/再生式换热器Reservoir 水库,蓄水池Cortex shedding 漩涡脱落Reversible 可逆的Water faucet 水龙头,水嘴Rotameter 转子流量计Bi Biot number 比澳数NPSH 汽蚀余量CFD 计算流体力学NTU 传热单元数CHF 临界热流量Nu 努谢尔特数COP 制冷系数PE 势能Eu 欧拉数Pr 普朗特数Fo 富立叶数Ra 瑞利数Fr 弗劳德数Re 雷诺数Gr 格拉晓夫数Sc 施密特数KE 动能St 斯坦顿数,斯特劳哈数LMTD对数平均温差We 韦伯数1.1Fundamental of Engineering Thermodynamics1.1工程热力学基础Thermodynamics is a science in which the storage, transformation and transfer of energy are studied. Energy is stored as internal energy (associated with temperature), kinetic energy (du to motion), potential energy (due to elevation) and chemical energy (due to chemical composition); it is transformed from one of these forms to another; and it is transferred across a boundary as either heat or work.热力学是一门研究能量储存、转换及传递的科学。
热能与动力工程专业英语
rear wall后壁
impingement碰撞
oil burner guns 燃油燃烧器油枪
the tip 出口简短
be imparted to给予
rim边缘impinge撞击 侵犯
chamber室 房间
viscosity粘性 粘度
virtue功效 优点
emerge through产生于
circumferential圆周的
the square of 平方
drool口水 流下
necessitate需要 迫使
spinning oil 拉丝油 旋转的油
discharge 排放卸货
atmospheric大气的 气压的
atmospheric corrosion[化工] 大气腐蚀atmospheric condenser[制冷] 大气冷凝器
usual practice惯例 通常办法
simultaneously同时的
subatmospheric低于大气的
combination burner 混合式燃烧器
flame-failure device 火焰故障检测设备
purge 吹扫
erosion 冲蚀 腐蚀
pulverized coal 煤粉
bypass damper旁路挡板
desuperheat使过热蒸汽减温
desuperheater 减温器
longitudinal 经度的 纵向的
cast iron 铸铁
extended surface 扩展表面
recuperative 再生的
supercritical 超临界
firetube boiler 火管锅炉
热能与动力工程专业英语1
(Heat transfer is the science)传热学是一门试图预测热量传递可以发生在温差存在的两个物体之间的科学。
(Thermodynamics teaches that this)热力学告诉我们能量的传递以热量的形式。
传热学不仅可以解释热能怎样被传送,同样可以预测在某种特殊的情况下产生的热交换率。
实际上热交换率的客观分析指出了传热学和热力学之间的差异。
热力学研究对象是处于平衡状态的系统,他可能被用于预测一个系统从一种平衡状态改变到另一种状态所需要的能量的多少,他可能不被用于预测发生在非平衡状态下的系统的热的交换量有多快。
传热学通过提供了可以作为科学中的热力学被用作传热项目基础的实验法则是非常简单的并且容易扩展到各种各样的实际情况当中。
(When a temperature gradient)当温度梯度存在于一个物体中时,经验显示能量将会从高温区域传递到低温区域,我们说能量是通过导热传递并且单位面积的传热效率于法向温度梯度成正比。
(When a fluid at rest or in motion)当流体以不同的温度与一块平板的表面接触且处于静止或运动时据热力学法则规定能量将朝低温区域流动,我们说热量被交换走了并且我们把这个过程称为对流换热过程。
(For both situations shown in fig,1.2)对于表1.2所示的两种情况我们用牛顿冷却定律来表述对流的整体作用。
(The temperature Tw is that)温度Tw是直接与平板表面接触的温度,温度T∞是为了确保平板表面温度不产生明显影响而使流体远离平板表面的所在区域的温度,面积A是与流体接触的表面区域,并且我们应该注意A与热流方向垂直。
比例因子h被叫做传热系数(也是单位面积的导热量或对流换热量)并且取决于几何布置、方向和表面状况(光滑或粗糙)、还有流体的物性和速度。
(There are two convection modes)有两种对流换热模型:强制对流换热和自然对流换热,如果一块被加热的平板暴露一个周围没有额外动因的房子里,空气的流动将经验的被认为是平板附近存在密度梯度的结果,我们称之为自然对流或是无常对流,强制对流与此相反,经验的认为是在风扇吧空气吹到平板上的情况。
热能与动力工程专业外语
UNIT2热对流For both situation shown in Fig.1.2,we express the overall effect of convection,we use New-ton”s law of cooling: Q=Ha(Tw-T8横)在图 1.2所示的两种情况,我们对对流的整体效果,我们使用的冷却新吨级“定律为: Q=Ha(Tw-T8横)UNIT3热辐射Thermodynamic considerations show that an idea thermal radiator ,or blackbody ,will emit energy at a rate proportional to the fourth power of the absolute temperature of the body and directly proportional to its surface area. Thus q(emitted)=σAT4 (1-6)热力学规律揭示出一个理想的热辐射体或黑体,所散发出能量的速度与其自身的绝对温度的四次方和其表面积成正比。
即(公式)Where σ is the proportionality constant and is called the Stefan-Boltzmann constant with the value of 5.669*10-8 W/m2k4. Equation(1-6)is called the Stefan-Boltzmann law of thermal radiation, and it applies only to blackbodies. It is important to note that this equation is valid only for thermal radiation; other types of electromagnetic radiation may not be treated so simply.其中σ是比例常数,值为5.669*10-8 W/m2k4称为斯蒂凡玻尔兹曼常数。
热能动力工程专业英语
contents
目录
• Overview of Thermal Power Engineering
• Fundamentals of Thermal Power Engineering
• Professional vocabulary for thermal power engineering
Application fields of thermal power engineering
Power generation
Thermal power plants are the main way of power generation, accounting for a large promotion of global electricity production
• Integration with information technology: The integration of thermal power engineering with information technology allows for more effective monitoring, control, and optimization of thermal power plants
• Radiation Heat Transfer: Radiation heat transfer occurs when electromagnetic waves transfer energy between objects Understanding radiation heat transfer is important for designing heat exchanges and other thermal systems
动力工程及工程热物理专业英语课件
Engineering thermophysists contribute to the development of advanced energy conversion technologies like thermal power plants and heat engines, as well as energy storage systems such as thermal energy storage
Combustion and Pollution Control
• Combustion Fundamentals: The courseware should cover the fundamentals of combustion, including chemical reactions, flame stability, and combustion efficiency Students should learn about different types of communicators and how to design them for optimal performance
02
Professional Fundamentals
Fundamentals of Thermodynamics
01
Laws of Thermodynamics: The courseware should cover the three laws of thermodynamics, which are the foundation of power engineering and engineering thermophysics These laws explain the relationship between heat and work, and they govern the behavior of energy in all systems
热动专业英语PPT课件
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When a system in a given initial state experiences a series of processes and returns to the initial state, the system undergoes a cycle. At the end of the cycle, the properties of the system have the same values they had at the beginning.
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在热力学中,我们将推导有关能量转化和传递与物性 参数,如温度、压强及密度等关系间的方程。因此,在热 力学中,物质及其性质变得非常重要。许多热力学方程都 是建立在实验观察的基础之上,而且这些实验观察的结果 已被整理成数学表达式或定律的形式。其中,热力学第一 定律和第二定律应用最页/共182页
When a system changes from one equilibrium state to another, the path of successive states through which the system passes is called a process. If, in the passing from one states to the next, the deviation from equilibrium is infinitesimal, a quasiequilibrium process occurs, and each state in the process may be idealized as an equilibrium state. Quasi-equilibrium processes can approximate many processes, such as the compression and expansion of gases in an internal combustion engine, with no significant loss of accuracy. If the system goes from one equilibrium state to another through a series of nonequilibrium states (as in combustion), a non equilibrium process occurs.
热能动力工程专业英语课件.ppt
1) If it is possible, the open-loop control approach should be used in this system.
If possible (necessary)如果可能(必要) Where possible 在可能的情况下
2019/9/9
2.1 Grammar Features
(4) It句型和祈使句使用频繁 (准确、精炼) It句型:it 充当形式主语,避免句子“头重脚轻” 祈使句: 无主语,精炼。
It is very important (possible, necessary, natural, inevitable) to… It takes very much time learning… It is clear (possible, necessary, natural, inevitable) that… It happened that … It must be admitted that…
2019/9/9
2.1 Grammar Features
(1) 广泛使用被动语态 (客观性)
主体多为客观的事物、现象和过程,在叙述推理过程中切忌加进作者 个人的主观臆断;
中心是客观现象及事物本身,而非动作的发出者,把论证说明的对象 置于句子主语的位置,既能突出中心,又能吸引读者的注意。 1) Utility boilers are used primarily to generate electricity in large central power stations. 大型中心电站的电站锅炉主要用来发电
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2019/8/11
2.1 Grammar Features
电能是在发电站或发电厂产生的 4) The meters are calibrated and the scale
is designed to read the value of the desired unit. 这些仪表可以被校准并且设计了不同的量程 , 2019/8/11以便读出期望单位的数值。
(4) It句型和祈使句使用频繁
(准确、精炼)
It句型:it 充当形式主语,避免句子“头重脚轻”
祈使句: 无主语,精炼。 It is very important (possible, necessary, natural, inevitable) to… It takes very much time learning… It is clear (possible, necessary, natural, inevitable) that… It happened that … It must be admitted tha(3) 省略句使用频繁 (精炼)
省略成分:状语从句中的主语、全部或部分谓语; 定语从句中的关系代词which和that、从句中的助 词等;还常用介词短语替代从句。
1) If it is possible, the open-loop control approach should be used in this system. If possible, the open-loop control approach should be used in this system. 可能的话,这个系统应该使用开环控制方法。
热能动力工程专业英语
Specialized English for Thermal Energy and Power Engineering
2019/8/11
Lecture 1 Introduction 引言
1.1 什么是专业英语
普通英语(Common English, Ordinary English)
Let A be equal to B.设A等于B。
Consider a high-pressure chamber.
2.1 Grammar Features
(5) 复杂长句使用频繁 (准确、精炼)
为了完整、准确地表达事物内在联系,使用大量从句
1) In the description of a flow field, it is convenient to think of individual particles each of which is considered to be a small mass of fluid, consisting of a large number of molecules, that occupies a small volume that moves with the flow.
As in Fig.1, there is a feedback element in the closed-loop system.
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2.1 Grammar Features
其他常用的省略形式:
As already discussed 前已讨论 As explained before 前已解释 As described above 如上所示 If possible (necessary)如果可能(必要)
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2.1 Grammar Features
(1) 广泛使用被动语态 (客观性) 主体多为客观的事物、现象和过程,在叙述
推理过程中切忌加进作者个人的主观臆断;
中心是客观现象及事物本身,而非动作的发 出者,把论证说明的对象置于句子主语的位 置,既能突出中心,又能吸引读者的注意。 1) Utility boilers are used primarily to generate electricity in large central power stations.
改变电阻是控制电流的一种方法 5) Conducting electricity means the flow of electrons through an object.
传导电流意味着电子在物体内的流动
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2.1 Grammar Features
(2)广泛使用非谓语形式
② 分词
过去分词短语替代从句中的被动语态
(2)广泛使用非谓语形式
③ 不定式
用不定式短语来替代表示目的和功能的从句或语句
(2) What does a fuse do? It protects a circuit.
The function of a fuse is to protect a circuit.
保险的作用就是保护电路。
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现在分词短语替代从句中的主动语态 1)The power supply, which is shown in block-diagram in Fig.1, is a single-phase inverter.
The power supply shown in block-diagram in Fig.1 is a single-phase inverter.
放大信号前,应先对其进行滤波
The signal should be filtered before being amplified.
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2.1 Grammar Features
(2)广泛使用非谓语形式 (精炼)
① 动名词 用动名词短语取代时间从句或简化时间陈述句 2) An object becomes hot. It is placed in the sun. 物体放置在太阳下会变热。 Once being placed in the sun, an object becomes hot.
A thermodynamic system, as pointed out above, is a fixed quantity of matter contained within some enclosure.
如上所述,热力系统是一包围在某一封闭边界 内的具有固定质量的物质。
3) Matter is anything having weight and occupying space.
科技英语(English for Science and Technology)
专业英语(English for Special Science and Technology)
隶属于科技英语 是科技英语的一部分,以表达科技概念、理 论与事实为主要目的。遵守科技英语的语法体系和翻译方法;特 别注重客观事实和真理,表达准确、精练和正式。 是结合各自专业的科技英语 有很强的专业性,涉及的面更加 狭窄,与专业内容配合更为密切。 专业英语与科技英语既有区别又有联系。专业英语的学习需要
有一个良好的科技英语基础,同时也要注意其自身的词汇特点、
语法特点、修辞特点和翻译特点等等。
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1.2 学习专业英语的重要性
(1) 科研信息获取 专业英语阅读能力
当前大部分资料都可以通过互联网传播,而这些资 料中90%以上都是英语。 世界上科技情报资料的交流主要靠使用英语,对子 热能动力工程、制冷与空调等专业来说,绝大部分专 业资料和信息都是以英语形式出现。
2019/8/11
2.1 Grammar Features
(3) 省略句使用频繁 (精炼) 2) As illustrated in Fig.1, there is a feedback element in the closed-loop system. 就像图1所示的那样,这个闭环系统中有一个反 馈元件。
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2.1 Grammar Features
(2)广泛使用非谓语形式 (精炼)
① 动名词
用动名词短语取代时间从句或简化时间陈述句
3) We must do various experiments before a new air-conditioning product is designed. Before designing a new air-conditioning product we must do various experiments.
图1中用框图表示的电源是一个单相逆变器。
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2.1 Grammar Features
(2)广泛使用非谓语形式
② 分词
2) A thermodynamic system , as it was pointed out above, is a fixed quantity of matter contained within some enclosure.
在设计一个新的空调产品之前,我们必须做 各种实验
2019/8/11
2.1 Grammar Features
(2)广泛使用非谓语形式 (精炼) ① 动名词 用动名词短语做主语
4) Changing resistance is a method for controlling the flow of the current.
2019/8/11 任何具有重量并占有空间的东西都是物质。
2.1 Grammar Features
(2)广泛使用非谓语形式
③ 不定式
用不定式短语来替代表示目的和功能的从句或语句