Thermography(温度记录仪).

For example, the photo to the right is a proton magnetometer map of part of the Big Hidatsa Village site in North Dakota. Magnetic anomalies created by buried remains of earth lodges are represented by the large, light circular features and the fire hearths inside are represented by the smaller, dark features.
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Survey or reconnaissance survey
These may be conveniently divided into three categories: aerial surveys, surface surveys, and subsurface testing. All share certain basic parameters.
.
Systematic survey.
Systematic Survey
Surface collection of artifacts in a plowed field (cornfield, northwest Florida).
Recording sheet for archaeological survey
magnetic
surveying （磁力调查）
magnetic surveying uses a device called a Proton Magnetometer（质子磁力计） to measure the strength of the earth's magnetic field at the surface. When scanning undisturbed homogenous dirt, the magnetometer registers a smooth plane. Any disturbance to the homogeneity of the dirt alters the magnetic reading detected by the magnetometer. Archaeological features that a proton magnetometer can detect include middens, ditches, building walls and foundations, hearths, burned structures, and bricks.
Aerial survey, or aerial reconnaissance
It involves the use of
various types of aircraft or satellite to create images of the land which are then interpreted for archaeological
information.
● Shadow sites. ● Soilmarks. ● Cropmarks .
A long-lost rchaeological site revealed by dark crop marks
Other forms of imaging
technology
▲ Thermography（温度记录仪）. ▲ Sideways-looking airborne radar (SLAR机载侧
Electrical Resistivity Surveying （电阻率调查 ）
When an electric current is passed though the ground between electrodes, the resistance to its flow may be measured. Because variations in soil type, water content, and ion content will affect the subsurface resistance experienced by the current, archaeological features and other anomalies can be detected.
视雷达). ▲ The LANDSAT satellite (地球资源探测卫星).
surface survey
A surface survey can be done in either an unsystematic or systematic manner.
unsystematic survey
A resistivity meter is being used to record a traverse across a suspected medieval fortified farm at Easter Bradley in Northumbergerland