2013在职硕士英语阅读理解练习及答案005

The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps inmaking food more fit to eat,it has,at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat.Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well,especially cancer of the colon.Difficult cultures are some prone to contract certain illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures.That food is related to illness is not a new discovery.In 1945,government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites,commonly used to preserve color in meats,and other food additives,caused cancer.Yet,these carcinogenic additives remain in our food,and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful.The additives which we eat are not all so direct.Farmers often give penicillin to beef and poultry and because of this,penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows.Sometimes similar drugs are administered(given) to animals not for medicinal purposes, but for financial reasons.The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market.Although the Food and Drug Administration has tried repeatedly to control these procedures,the practices continue.
1. How has science done a disservice to manmind?_____.
[A] Because of science,disease caused by contaminated food has been virtually done away with
[B] It has caused a lack of information,concerning the value of food
[C] As a result of scientific intervention,some potentially harmful substances have been added to our food
[D] The scientists have preserved the color of meats,but not of vegetables
2. What are nitrates used for? _____.
[A] They preserve flavor in packaged foods
[B] They preserve the color of meats
[C] They are the objects of research
[D] They cause the animals to become fatter
3. What does FDA mean as an organization? _____.
[A] Food Direct Additives
[B] Final Difficult Analysis
[C] Food and Drug Administration
[D] Federal Dairy Additives
4. The word carcinogenic means most nearly the same as _____.
[A] trouble-making
[B] color-retaining
[C] money-making
[D] cancer-causing
5. Which of the following statements is not true? _____.
[A] Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons
[B] Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animals
[C] Researchers have known about the potential hazards of food additives for over thirty-five years
[D] Food may cause forty percent of cancer in the world
参考答案：C B C D A There are various way in which individual economic units can interact with one another.Three basic ways may be described as the market system,the administered system,and the traditional system.
In a market system individual economic units are free to interact each other the the marketplace.It is possible to buy
commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them.In a market,transcations may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy,real goods such as automobiles,shoes,and pizzas are traded against each
other.Obviously,finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task.Hence,the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably.In the modern market economy,goods and services are bought or sold for money.
An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions.This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each kind of goods and services should be produced,exchanged,and consumed by each economic unit.Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy.The central plan.drawn up by government,shows amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption.This is an example or complete planning of production,consumption,and exchange for the whole economy.
In a traditional society,production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition:every person's place with--in the economic system is fixed by parentage,religion,and custom.Transactions take place on the basis of tradition,too.People belonging to a certain group of caste may have an obligation to care for other persons,provide them with food and shelter,care for their health,and provide for their education.Clearly,in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone,progress mey be difficult to achieve,a stagnant society may result.
1. What is the main purpose of the passage?
[A] To outline constrasting types of economic system
[B] To explain the science of economics
[C] To argue for the superiority of one economic system
[D] To compare barter and money--exchange markets
2. In the second paragraph,the word "real" in "real goods" could best be replaced by which of the following?
[A] high quality
[B] concrete
[C] utter
[D] authentic
3. According to the passage,a barter economy can lead to _____.
[A] rapid speed of transactions
[B] misunderstandings
[C] inflation
[D] difficultied for the traders
4. According to the passage,who has the greatest degree of control in an administered system?
[A] Individual households
[B] Small businesses
[C] Major corporations
[D] The government
5. Which of the following is not mentioned by the author as a criterion for determining a person's place in a traditional society?
[A] Family background
[B] Age
[C] Religious belief
[D] Custom
参考答案：A B D D BIn science the meaning of the word "explain" suffers with civilization's every step in search of reality.Science can not really explain electricity,magnetism,and gravition;their effects can be measured and predicted,but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first looked into the nature of the electrification of physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces "really" are. Electricity, Bertrand Russell says,is not a thing,like St.Paul's Cathedral;it is a way in which things behave.When we have told how things behave when thry are electrified,and under what circumstances they are electrified,we have told all there is to tell.Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea.Aristotle,for example,whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years,believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principle.He felt,for example,that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place,hence one can deduce that objects fall to the groud because that's where they belong,and smoke goes up because that's where it belongs.The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen.Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.
1. The aim of controlled scientific experiments is _____.
[A] to explain why things happen
[B] to expalin how things happen
[C] to describe self-evident principles
[D] to support Aristelian science
2. What principles most influenced scientific thought for two thoudsand years?
[A] The speculations of Thales.
[B] The forces of electricity,magnetism and gravity.
[C] Aristotle's natural science.
[D] Galileo's discoveries.
3. Bertrand Russell's notion about electricity is _____.
[A] disapproved of by most modern scientists
[B] in agreement with Aristotle's theory of self-evident principle
[C] in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward "how" things happen
[D] in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward "why" things happen
4. The passage says that until recently scientific _____.
[A] that there are mysterious forces in the universe
[B] that man cannot discover what forces "really" are
[C] that there are self-evident principle
[D] that we can discover why things behave as they do
5. Modern science came into being _____.
[A] when the method of controlled experiment was first introduced
[B] when Galileo succeeded in explaining how things happen
[C] when Aristelian scientists tried to explain why things happen
[D] when scientists were able to acquire an understanding of reality by reasoning
参考答案：B C C B A The London Stock Exchange has been famous as a place for men only, and women used to be strictly forbidden to enter. But the world is changing day by day, and even the Stock Exchange, which seemed to be a men's castle, is gradually opening its doors to the other sex. On 16th November 1971, a great decision was taken. The Stock Exchange Council (the body of men that administers the Stock Exchange ) decided that women should be allowed onto the
new trading floor when it opened in 1973. But the "castle" had not been completely conquered. The first girls to work in "The House" were not brokers or jobbers. They were neither allowed to become partners in stockbroking firms, nor to be authorized dealers in stocks and shares. They were simply junior clerks and telephone operators.
Women have been trying to get into the Stock Exchange for many years. Several votes have been taken in "The House" to see whether the members would be willing to allow women to become members, but the answer has always been "No". There have been three refusals of this kind since 1967. Now women are admitted, although in a very junior capacity. Two forms of jobbers made an application to the Stock Exchange Council to be allowed to employ girl clerks. Permission was finally given. A member of the Stock Exchange explained, after this news had been given, "The new floor is going to be different from the old one. All the jobbers will have their own stands, with space for a telephone and typewriters, Therefore there will have to be typists and telephone operators. So women must be allowed in." This decision did not mean a very great victory in the war for equal rights for women. However, it was a step in the right direction. The Chairman of the new building will eventually lead to women being allowed to have full membership of the Stock Exchange. It is only a matter of time; it must happen.
1.The London Stock Exchange is famous____.
A.for its favorable location
B.for its policy of opening its doors to women
C.because it has been a place for men only
D.because women are now beginning to enter its doors to work
2.Several votes have been taken in "The House"____.
A.to see if women were willing to become members
B.to decide when women would be allowed into "The House"
C.to find out whether the members were willing to allow women to become members
D.to decide when to allow women onto the new trading floor
3.Which of the following is true?
A.Since 1973 women have been allowed to work with the London Stock Exchange.
B.Women have always been refused participation in stock trading.
C.Women were never officially allowed to enter the Stock Exchange.
D.Men have been trying to get into the Stock Exchange.
4.What is this article about?
A.Women's place in society.
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