2019大一轮高考总复习英语北师大版习题：Unit 22 Envi

课时作业(二十二)
A卷·基础强化练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The separation (separate) between us has proved to be a blessing for me.
2．Even in advanced agricultural (agriculture) societies，it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities.
3．The schools must adopt (adoption) new methods of teaching foreign languages.
4．Then they played a game in which they were asked to allocate (allocation) money between themselves and someone else.
5．Some members of the committee expressed reservations (reserve) about the proposal.
6．Anger is the natural reaction we experience when we feel threatened (threat) or frustrated.
7．These countries have been seriously disadvantaged by the financial (finance) crisis.
8．It’s well known that one can’t separate politics (political) from economics.
9．He always considers the needs of others.So we can say he is quite considerate. (consider) 10．I bought a sharp sharpener to sharpen my pencil yesterday．(sharp)
11．If we are given (give) another two weeks，we will be able to finish the task.
12．When they got there the injured had been sent (send) to the nearest hospital.
13．(2016·四川卷) This means (mean) that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men.
14．There’s no substitute for that watch.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．It is sleeping late in the morning that leads to be late for work．be→being
2．Giving his age，he has done very well．Giving→Given
3．Can you substitute the teacher who is ill？substitute后加for
4．All the players insisted that the judge treated them equally and fairly during the matches．treated→ (should) treat
5．Tom went to work in a hurry this morning，leaving the door opening．opening→open 6．The teacher asked them to come up in turns to collect their books．turns→turn
7．I caught him by his arm as soon as I caught sight of him．his→the
8．It was coincidence that they were absent from the meeting yesterday．coincidence前加a 9．The man referring to by us just now is from America．referring→referred
10．All the aspects taking into consideration，he designed a good pattern．taking→taken 11．Can you replace the light to a brighter one？to→with/by
12．The old man was trapped by the burning house at that moment．by→in
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．His long and dull speech left all of us bored (使我们都很厌烦) ．
2．Given that you are sick (考虑到你生病了) ，we’d better put off the meeting.
3．The last decade has seen/witnessed (过去的十年见证了) the rapid development of China.
4．Apart from being fun (除了有趣) and good exercise，swimming is a very useful skill.
5．Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead to (导致) many diseases.
6．He left the room，leaving the door unlocked (没有锁门) ．
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
(2018·长春联考) Dolphins (海豚) are not fish，but warm-blooded animals.They live in groups，and speak to each other in their own language.In this way they are like other animals，such as bees and birds.But dolphins are very different from almost all land animals.Their brain is nearly the same size as our own，and they live a long time—at least twenty or thirty years.
Like some animals，dolphins use sound to help them find their way around.They also make these sounds to talk to each other and to help them find food.We now know they do not use their ears to receive these sounds，but the lower part of the mouth，called the jaw.
Strangely，dolphins seem to like man，and for thousands of years there have been stories about the dolphin and its friendship with people.
There is a story about sailors in the 19th century.In a dangerous part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand，they learnt to look for a dolphin called Jack.From 1871 to 1903 Jack met every boat in the area and showed it the way.Then in 1903 a passenger on a boat called The Penguin shot and wounded Jack.He recovered and for nine years more continued to guide all ships through the area—except for The Penguin.
Today，some people continue to kill dolphins，but many countries of the world now protect them and in these places it is against the law to kill them.
[语篇解读]本文介绍了海豚的情况，并举例说明海豚是人类的朋友。

1．By telling the story of Jack the writer wanted to show that ________.
A．people are cruel to animals
B．dolphins are friendly and clever
C．Jack is different from other dolphins
D．dolphins should be protected by law
解析：选B主旨大意题。

全文都在讲海豚的聪明与友好，所以正确答案是B；其他三个选项不能涵盖全文，只是文章的一个细节。

2．Dolphins are different from many other animals in that they ________.
A．live in groups B．have their own language
C．are warm-blooded D．have large brains
解析：选D细节理解题。

由第一段第五句Their brain is nearly the same size as our own，可知海豚与其他动物最大的不同就是他们的脑子和人类的脑子几乎一样大，故选D。

3．Which of the following does the dolphin use to help it find its way around?
A．Its mouth B．Its ears.
C．Its nose. D．Its eyes.
解析：选A细节理解题。

由第二段第一句dolphins use sound to help them find their way around.可知海豚是通过声音确定方向的，故选A。

4．Why did the sailors off the coast of New Zealand look for Jack?
A．They wanted his help.
B．They enjoyed playing with him.
C．He was seriously wounded.
D．He was lonely and liked to be with people.
解析：选A细节理解题。

由第四段Jack met every boat in the area and showed it the way.可知海员们寻找Jack的原因是Jack为这些航船在危险航段指明方向，故选A。

B
(2018·北京朝阳区模拟) Many Chinese people have awakened their interest in classical Chinese poetry recently thanks to a popular TV show that aims to“appreciate classical Chinese poetry，explore cultural genes and enjoy the beauty of life”by combining traditional literary form with light-hearted TV quizzes.
The ten­episode“Chinese Poetry Competition”，since its broadcast ，has been praised for injecting vitality (活力) into TV programs with fantastic performances of contestants，impressive comments from judges as well as its innovative interactive mode.In the show，poems can be adapted into songs or depicted (描绘) through artistic pictures.Any contestant who can memorize the latest number of poems may not necessarily be the final winner，while fast reaction and usage of poems matter a lot more in the competition.
Wu Yishu，a 16-year-old student from the High School Attached to Fudan University in Shanghai，is the champion of this season.Her rich knowledge of classical poetry impressed
everyone and she rose to become famous online.In an earlier episode，Wu __wowed__ the audience when performing in a section.She amazingly recited lines from the Classic of Poetry (《诗经》) ，the earliest collection of poems in China.
“Learning poems isn’t about winning or losing.The power of poetry lies in shaping one’s view of life and devel oping one’s inner world.”said Li Bo，an expert guest at the Chinese Poetry Competition’s second season.
When it comes to teaching people about poetry，Li Dingguang，the show’s academic advisor，suggested that teachers should explain more about the beauty of the poetry from both the aesthetic (审美的) and emotional sides，and guide students to lose themselves in the poems，rhythmic and rhyming (押韵的) lines.
“Although the proportion (比例) of ancient Chinese poems in the textbooks of primary and secondary schools has increased，many students still learn them for exams.”Li Dingguang said，“Therefore，it’s important to help students truly appreciate the artistry and fun of poetry.”
[语篇解读]本文介绍了一档电视节目唤起了人们对中国古典诗歌的兴趣。

5．The TV show has been produced to________.
A．appreciate classical Chinese poetry and cherish our traditional culture.
B．shape people’s view of life and develop their inner world
C．help students learn poems for exams
D．explore cultural genes and enjoy classical Chinese poetry and life
解析：选D细节理解题。

根据thanks to a popular TV show that aims to“appreciate classical Chinese poetry，explore cultural genes and enjoy the beauty of life”by combining traditional literary form with light-hearted TV quizzes.可知这档电视节目被创作是为了探索文化基因和欣赏中国古典诗歌和生活。

6．What do we know about the TV show?
A．Only by memorizing as many poems as possible can a contestant win the quiz.
B．Poems can be adapted into any form of art in the show.
C．The TV show has aroused people’s interest in classical Chinese poetry.
D．Fantastic performances of contestants matter most.
解析：选C细节理解题。

根据Many Chinese people have awakened their interest in classical Chinese poetry recently可知这档电视节目唤起了人们对中国古典诗歌的兴趣。

7．Which of the following may Li Dingguang agree with?
A．The beauty of the poetry should be explained more from the aesthetic and emotional sides.
B．Students should memorize the poems’rhythmic and rhyming lines.
C．The main duty of teachers is to help students truly appreciate the artistry and fun of poetry.
D．There will be more and more ancient Chinese poems in the textbooks of primary and secondary schools.
解析：选A推理判断题。

根据When it comes to teaching people about poetry，Li Dingguang，the show’s academic advisor，suggested that teachers should explain more about the beauty of the poetry from both the aesthetic (审美的) and emotional sides，可知Li Dingguang认为诗歌的美更多的应该从审美和情感方面来解释。

8．The underlined word“wowed”in the third paragraph probably means________.
A．excited B．impressed
C．puzzled D．inspired
解析：选B词意猜测题。

根据In an earlier episode，Wu wowed the audience when performing in a section.可猜出“wowed”的意思是留下深刻印象。

B卷·能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读填句
(2018·黄山联考) Every student has tests when they are at school.But have you ever been so worried about the tests that you can’t fall asleep at night？Have you ever felt sick or had a headache during a test？__1__ This worry in your mind can make your body feel bad.You may feel angry，frustrated，scared，or afraid，which can give you a stomachache or a headache.
__2__ Good or normal stress might happen when you are called to answer a question in class or when you have to give a speech.This kind of stress can help you to get things better done．__3__
But bad stress can happen if the stressful feelings keep going over a long time.You may not feel well if your parents are fighting，if a family member is ill，if you are having problems at school，or if you are going through anything else that makes you upset every day．__4__ __5__ That means making good decision about how to spend your time.If you are only dealing with school stuff and have no time to play，you can get stressed.Make sure you keep your SELF in mind：Sleep，Exercise，Leisure and Food.If you take care of yourself and get enough sleep and food，and if you exercise and leave time for fun stuff，you will probably be less stressed out!
A．However，there are two different kinds of stress.
B．Can you tell a kind of stress from another one?
C．The best way to keep stress away is to have a balanced life.
D．That kind of stress isn’t going to help you，and it can actually make you sick.
E．Since bad stress is harmful to us，you’d better try to change it into good stress.
F．If so，then you know what stress is.Stress is what you feel when you are worried or uncomfortable about something.
G．For example，you may do a better job on your test if the stress pushes you to prepare well before the test.
[语篇解读]本文主要讲了压力的种类以及造成的后果，对于不好的压力，应该如何排除。

1．解析：选F根据上文提及的考试焦虑症，说明如果你有这样的症状，你会理解什么是压力，F正确。

2．解析：选A根据文章2,3两段，说明压力有两种，故A正确。

3．解析：选G根据上句这种压力能让我们把事情做好，接下来就举例说明了，故G 正确。

4．解析：选D本段讨论的是不好的压力，这种压力只会让人感觉更不好。

故D符合要求。

5．解析：选C本段讨论的是远离压力的最好方法就是要有健康的平衡的生活。

Ⅱ.完形填空
My husband Jeff and I moved into our new home in Scottsbluff last year just before Christmas.I did not have the __1__ or energy to carry out my traditional Christmas decorating and baking activities.What was the point，anyway？It was going to be a __2__ Christmas after all.
__3__ ，the neighborly nature of west Nebraska residents started to trickle (陆续来临) in.
There was a __4__ on the door one evening.It was Jeff’s new colleague，John Smith，and his wife，Phyllis.The Smiths had stopped by to __5__ us with a loaf of homemade bread.They pointed out a __6__ on the porch (门廊) ．Apparently the doorbell wasn’t working in the cold snowy weather and we had __7__ a visit from the Browns，our across-the-street neighbors，who brought us a Christmas card and more Christmas cookies.
The __8__ feelings brought by these thoughtful gestures lasted longer than the food.
As Jeff and I were __9__ pre-Christmas snow from our driveway，Ernie Guzman came over from next door to __10__ us to dig out.
Then，we received an invitation to __11__ a Christmas Eve meal with our neighbors，Ernie and Nancy Sommer，and their __12__ —a 90-year-old lady，who also had no family in the immediate area with whom to spend the holiday.
Our Christmas Eve was quite merry，thanks to our __13__ .Our Christmas morning __14__
was special，thanks to the Smiths’gift of bread.I was so __15__ for these gestures of welcome，especially during the holidays.
This year，we were again unable to be with our families for Christmas.The __16__ and work schedules just made things too difficult．__17__ that sense of Christmas isolation (孤立) all too well，we decided to try to round up some other folks who were __18__ in the holidays.
Lonely people are all around us，but most of us __19__ notice them.Just take a look around you.Sometimes，the smallest __20__ gesture can make a world of difference.
[语篇解读]作者和丈夫在圣诞节前搬到新家，时间匆忙举目无亲，本以为会孤单地度过那个圣诞节，可是友好的当地人送来了浓浓的温情，过了个非常温馨的圣诞节。

他们决定今年圣诞节把温暖带给孤独的人。

1．A.chance B．anxiety
C．time D．ability
解析：选C考查名词。

作者和丈夫刚刚搬家到Scottsbluff，有许多的事情要打理，应是“没有时间和精力”来准备圣诞节。

故选C。

2．A.lonely B．free
C．merry D．usual
解析：选A考查形容词。

根据下文“who also had no family in the immediate area with whom to spend the holiday.”以及文章最后一段第一句话可知这将是一个孤单的圣诞节。

故选A。

3．A.Therefore B．However
C．Somehow D．Meanwhile
解析：选B考查连词。

根据下文“the neighborly nature (天性友好的) of west Nebraska residents started to trickle (陆续来临) in.”可知与上文的孤单的圣诞节是转折关系。

用However。

故选B。

4．A.sign B．knock
C．card D．note
解析：选B考查名词。

根据下文“Apparently the doorbell wasn’t working in the cold snowy weather”可知应是敲门(knock) 。

故选B。

5．A.invite B．welcome
C．drive D．send
解析：选B考查动词。

作者是刚刚搬到Scottsbluff，史密斯夫妇应是带着自家做的一条面包来表示欢迎(welcome) 。

故选B。

6．A.tree B．flower
C．mail D．package
解析：选D考查名词。

他们指着门廊的一个包裹，与下文包裹中的东西(a Christmas card and more Christmas cookies) 相呼应。

故选D。

7．A.forgot B．missed
C．arranged D．received
解析：选B考查动词。

根据上文“Apparently the doorbell wasn’t working in the cold snowy weather”可知作者是错过(miss) 了布朗夫妇的一次拜访。

故选B。

8．A.warm B．deep
C．true D．mixed
解析：选A考查形容词。

由这些体贴入微的表示所带来的温暖的(warm) 感觉比起食物来持续得更久。

故选A。

9．A.buying B．clearing
C．preparing D．giving
解析：选B考查动词。

因为是圣诞节的时候应该是下雪的，作者夫妇正在清除车道上圣诞节前的积雪(snow) 。

故选B。

10．A.teach B．urge
C．help D．forbid
解析：选C考查动词。

此处指隔壁的Ernie Guzman过来帮忙(help) 铲雪。

故选C。

11．A.prepare B．share
C．taste D．exchange
解析：选B考查动词。

根据下文“who also had no family in the immediate area with whom to spend the holiday.”可知作者收到邀请和邻居一起共进圣诞前夜的晚餐。

share sth.with sb.与某人分享某物。

故选B。

12．A.guest B．aunt
C．maid D．partner
解析：选A考查名词。

根据“a 90-year-old lady，Ernie and Nancy，”可知Sommer 还邀请了另一位客人(guest) 。

故选A。

13．A.folks B．relatives
C．neighbors D．colleagues
解析：选C考查名词。

根据上文可知，作者夫妇应是与他们的邻居(neighbors) Ernie and Nancy Sommer以及另一位女士共进圣诞晚餐。

故选C。

14．A.call B．greeting
C．meeting D．breakfast
解析：选D考查名词。

根据下文“thanks to the Smiths’gift of bread”可知此处表达的意思应是：圣诞早餐(breakfast) 很特别。

故选D。

15．A.sorry B．eager
C．grateful D．ready
解析：选C考查形容词。

此处指作者对于人们的欢迎表示感激(grateful) 。

故选C。

16．A.season B．expense
C．distance D．situation
解析：选C考查名词。

根据上文“My husband Jeff and I moved into our new home in Scottsbluff”可知今年因为距离(distance) 和工作日程使得作者夫妇又不能和家人一起过圣诞节。

文章倒数第四段中who also had no family in the immediate area with whom to spend the holiday.也是一个提示。

故选C。

17．A.Knowing B．Showing
C．Studying D．Discovering
解析：选A考查动词。

因为非常了解(know) 圣诞孤独的感觉。

故选A。

18．A.happy B．busy
C．alone D．active
解析：选C考查形容词。

因为非常了解(know) 圣诞孤独的感觉，所以作者决定把其他在假日中孤独的(alone) 人们聚在一起。

故选C。

19．A.always B．usually
C．finally D．seldom
解析：选D考查副词。

孤独的人在我们周围，但我们很少(seldom) 注意到他们。

句中的连接词but是解题的关键。

故选D。

20．A.careful B．kind
C．pretty D．patient
解析：选B考查形容词。

句意：有时一个小的善意的(kind) 表示能够产生很大的不同。

故选B。

Ⅲ.语法填空
One day，a professor 1.________ (enter) the classroom and asked the students to take a surprise test.
As 2.________ (usual) ，he handed out the exam papers.3.________everyone’s surprise，there were no questions—just a black dot in the center of the paper.The professor，4.________ (see) the expressions on everyone’s faces，told them to write about what they see there.
At the end of the class，the professor started to explain：“I am not going to grade you.I just wanted to tell you not to focus on the black dot ignoring the surrounding white.However，in our daily lives most of us insist on laying great 5.________ (emphasize) on the black dot—the health issues and unfriendly people 6.________bother us and the lack of money.Actually，the dark spots
are very small when 7.________ (compare) to everything we have，but they are the 8.________ (one) that influence our m inds.Don’t focus your eyes on the black dots.9.________，enjoy each one of your blessings and each moment that life 10.________ (give) you.
[语篇解读]本文讲述了一位教授通过一个实验向学生们阐述了一个人生哲理。

1．解析：entered根据后文and asked，可知该空需用一般过去时，故填entered。

2．解析：usual根据固定搭配as usual，答案为usual。

3．解析：To根据固定搭配to one’s surprise，答案为To。

4．解析：seeing根据它和逻辑主语the professor的关系，答案为seeing。

5．解析：emphasis emphasize的名词形式为emphasis。

6．解析：that由于先行词既有人又有物，答案为关系代词that。

7．解析：compared根据它和逻辑主语the dark spots的关系，答案为compared。

8．解析：ones根据后面定从的谓语动词形式，可知该空需填ones。

9．解析：Instead根据上下文的关系，答案为Instead。

10．解析：gives根据上文时态背景，答案为gives。

Ⅳ.短文改错
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

Yesterday I bought a new coat in a shop，and I found it so big for me.This morning，I went to the shop and change the coat I bought yesterday，but the salesgirl treated me coldly.Firstly，she didn’t admit that I buy the coat in her shop.Then，she said I made it be dirty.So I get very angry and quarreled with him，pointing to the rules on the wall.Just then，manager turned up.He said sorry to me.At last they changed other one for me.With satisfaction，I said goodbye to them and took the new coat home happy.
答案：Yesterday I bought a new coat in a shop，and I found it so big for me.This morning，I went to the shop and change the coat I bought yesterday，but the salesgirl treated me coldly.Firstly，she didn’t admit that I buy the coat in her shop.Then，she said I made it be dirty.So I get very angry and quarreled with him，pointing to the rules on the wall.Just then，∧
the manager turned up.He said sorry to me.At last they changed other one for me.With
.
satisfaction，I said goodbye to them and took the new coat home happy
happily
Ⅴ.书面表达
为了帮助中学生健康成长，某中学英文报开辟了“HEART-TO-HEART”专栏。

假如你是该栏目的编辑Jamie，收到一封署名为Worried的求救信。

信中该同学向你诉说了自己的
困扰：近日容易发脾气，使正常的学习和生活受到了影响。

请用英文给该同学写一封回信。

内容要点如下：
1．表示理解并给予安慰；
2．提出建议并说明理由。

注意：1.词数100左右；
2．信中不能出现与本人相关的信息；
3．信的开头与结尾已为你写好，不计入词数。

参考词汇：temper脾气，情绪
Hi Worried，
I’m sorry to know that you are having such a bad time at the moment.______________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Jamie [参考范文]
Hi Worried，
I’m sorry to know that you are ha ving such a bad time at the moment.The truth is that everyone will have one of these periods when things seem to go wrong，so you don’t worry so much.The important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may say or do anything you will regret.Here are three useful tips：
First，talk to someone you trust about how you feel.This is the good way to let your anger out without hurting others or yourself.Second，go out doors to play some team games with your friends as physical exercise is the effective way to get rid of anger.And third，remain optimistic about your future.Such a positive attitude towards life can be helpful to lift your spirits.
I hope you will soon keep calmer and carry on as normal.
Yours，
Jamie。