专四模拟试题附参考答案（2）4

An important new industry， oil refining， grew after the Civil War. Crude oil， or petroleum a dark， thick ooze from the earth had been known for hundreds of years， but little use had ever been made of it. In the 1850’s Samuel M. Kier， a manufacturer in western Pennsylvania， began collecting the oil from local scapages and refining it into kerosene. Refining， like smelting， is a process of removing impurities from a raw material.
Kerosene was used to light lamps. It was a cheap substitute for whale oil， which was becoming harder to get. Soon there was a large demand for kerosene. People began to search for new supplies of petroleum.
The first oil well was drilled by E. L. Drake， are tired railroad conductor. In 1859 he began drilling in Titusville，Pennsylvania. The whole venture seemed so impractical and foolish that onlookers called it “Drake’s Folly”. But when he had drilled down about 70 feet(21 meters)， Drake struck oil. His well began to yield 20 barrels of crude oil a day.
News of Drake’s success brought oil prospectors to the scene. By the early 1860’s these wildcatters were drilling for “black gold” all over western Pennsylvania. The boom rivaled the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement and Wild West atmosphere. And it brought far more wealth to the prospectors than any gold rush.
Crude oil could be refined into many products. For some years kerosene continued to be the principal one. It was sold in grocery stores and door－to－door. In the 1880’s and 1890’s refiners learned how to make other petroleum products such as waxes and lubricating oils. Petroleum was not then used to make gasoline or heatingoil.
90.What is the best title for the passage？
A. Oil Refining： A Historical Perspective
B. The California Gold Rush： Get Rich Quickly
C. Private Property： Trespassers Will Be Prosecuted
D. Kerosene Lamps： A Light in the Tunnel
91.It can be inferred form the passage that kerosene was preferable to whale oil because whale oil was too .
A. expensive
B. thick
C. hot
D. polluted
92.According to the passage， many people initially thought that E. L. Drake had made a mistake by .
A. going on a whaling expedition
B. moving to Pennsylvania
C. searching for oil
D. retiring from his job
93.Why does the author mention the California gold rush？
A. To explain the need for an increased supply of gold
B. To indicate the extent of United States mineral wealth
C. To describe the mood when oil was first discovered
D. To argue that gold was more valuable than oil
94. Which of the following words could best replace the word “one” (Underlined)？
A. Oil.
B. Door.
C. Store.
D. Product.
D
Archaeology has long been an accepted tool for studying prehistoric cultures. Relatively recently the same techniques have been systematically applied to studies of the more immediate past. This has been called “historical archaeology，” a term that is used in the United States to refer to any archaeological investigation into North American sites that postdate the arrival of Europeans.
Back in the 1930's and 1940's， when building restoration was popular， historical archaeology was primarily a tool of architectural reconstruction. The role of archaeologists was to find the foundations of historic buildings and then take a back seat to architects.
The mania for reconstruction had largely subsided by the 1950's and 1960's. Most people entering historical archaeology during this period came out of university anthropology departments， where they had studied prehistoric cultures. They were， by training， social scientists， not historians， and their work tended to reflect this bias. The questions they framed and the techniques they used were designed to help them understand， as scientists， how people behaved. But because they were treading on historical ground for which there was often extensive written documentation， and because their own knowledge of these periods was usually limited， their contributions to American history remained circumscribed. Their reports， highly technical and sometimes poorly written， went unread.
More recently， professional archaeologists have taken over. These researchers have sought to demonstrate that their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history， providing fresh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented. This newer emphasis on archaeology as social history has shown great promise， and indeed work done in this area has lead to a reinterpretation of the United States past.
In Kingston， New York， for example， evidence has been uncovered that indicates that English goods were being smuggled into that city at a time when the Dutch supposedly controlled trading in the area. And in Sacramento an excavation at the site of a fashionable nineteenth-century hotel revealed that garbage had been stashed in the building's basement despite sanitation laws to the contrary.
95.What does the passage mainly discuss？
A.Why historical archaeology was first developed.
B.How the methods and purpose of historical archaeology have changed.
C.The contributions architects make to historical archaeology.
D.The attitude of professional archaeologists toward historical archaeology.
96.What was popular in the 1930's and 1940's？
A.Studying prehistoric cultures.
B.Archaeological investigation.
C.Building restoration.
D.Historical archaeology.
97.According to the first paragraph， what is a relatively new focus in archaeology？
A.Investigating the recent past.
B.Studying prehistoric cultures.
C.Excavating ancient sites in what is now the United States.
paring findings made in North America and in Europe.
98.According to the passage， when had historical archaeologists been trained as anthropologists？
A.Prior to the 1930's.
B.During the 1930's and 1940's.
C.During the 1950's and 1960's.
D.After the 1960's.
99.In the third paragraph， the author implies that the techniques of history and social science are .
A.quite different from each other
B.equally useful in studying prehistoric cultures
ually taught to students of archaeology
D.both based on similar principles
100.The author mentions an excavation at the site of a hotel in Sacramento in order to give an example of .
A.a building reconstruction project
B.the work of the earliest historical archaeologists
C.a finding that conflicts with written records
D.the kind of information that historians routinely examine
COMPOSITION　[35 MIN.]
Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of 200 words on the following topic：
What Would You Like to Do after Graduation？
You are to write in three parts.
In the first part state what you think is the best way.
In the second part， support your view with one or two reasons.
In the last part， bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or summary.
Marks will be awarded for content， organization， grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.。