专四听力常用速记符号
英语速记符号完整版(用于听力和笔记)
之阳早格格创做1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts andreferences.S = sumf = frequency Leave out periods in standardabbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = depart ment Use only the first syllable of aword.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalism Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individ ualcons = conservative Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizableabbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = infor mationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maxi mumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = mi nimumrep = repetition Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of theword.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = government Use an apostrophe in place ofletters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = govern menteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by addings.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductions Use g to represent ingendings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decre asingexptg = experimenting Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key. Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense withshorthand. Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the. If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter. Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitionalwords.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equal Use technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.'Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially writtenout in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/闭于缩略词汇一、缩略词汇英语核心缩略词汇使用的频次很下，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible.很隐然如果能流利掌握缩略词汇，会对于考查大有裨益.缩略词汇的写法普遍为四种办法：F拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receiveF死存前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/OF死存启头战末端个收音字母WK weekRM roomPL peopleF根据收音R areTHO thoughTHRU through下档心译听力时常使用英语缩略词汇表缩略词汇本词汇APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADVAdviceAMAP As much/many as possibleAMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concernedCOND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your referenceGD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home officeINFO InformationIMPS ImpossibleIMP(T) ImportantINCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS InsuranceINTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view ofMANUF ManufactureMDL ModelMEMO MemorandumMGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessageNCRY NecessaryNLT No later thanOBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN PositionPOSS(BL) PossiblePROD ProductQLTY QualityQUTY QuantityRCV ReceiveREF ReferenceREGL RegularREP RepresentativeRESN ReservationRPT RepeatRESPON ResponsibleSEC SectionSITN SituationSTD StandardTEL TelephoneTEMPTemporaryTGM TelegraphTHO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large闭于字母战图像两、字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person，果为"Z"瞅上去像部分头，它常常被写正在一个词汇或者标记的左上角.比圆：日自己：JZ.C 表示政府，统制：government，govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以便用C去表示govern, ernmental official 不妨表示为 CZP 表示政事：politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political.那么politician便不妨表示为 PZE 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数教标记表示总值.G 表示效用：efficient, effective.G 为效用标记.Q 表示"通货伸展"：inflation果为那个标记酷似一个降下的气球.A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经时常使用到，所以用尾字母代替.B 表示商业：business.C×表示辩论，冲突：conflict， confrontation "C×"中的"×"表示阻挡于，字母"C"将阻挡于的观念缩小为conflict 战confrontation.W 表示处事，工做: work, employ 等.它是work的第一个字母.所以WZ便不妨用去表示worker, 而W(Z正在字母上圆表示employer, 正在字母下圆表示employee).i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱，所以用去不妨用去表示工业.U U 瞅酷似一个酒杯，正在条记中表示合共、协议（treaty, agreement）普遍惟有正在道判乐成、协议成接后才会表示"举杯祝贺".如果正在U内挖进2××××，便不妨表示为bilateral（单边的）, 挖进3表示为trilateral(三边的).挖进正在U中挖进1表示: Unilateralism （单边主义），挖进m (multiple) 表示多边主义.如果正在U 上加一个"/"××××表示道判破裂.O 表示"国家"、"民族"、"收土"等：country, state, nation, etc.gO表示进心，Og表示出心那个标记酷似一把椅子，不妨表示主持、主办：chair, host, preside over.那么正在此标记上加Z表示主席，主持人：chairman, host, etc.T 表示"收袖人"：leader, head那么head of government, head of company 即不妨表示为 CT⊙圆圈表示一个圆桌，中间一面表示一盆花，那个标记便不妨表示聚会、启会等：meeting，conference， negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposiumk 那个标记瞅上像条鱼，所以表示"挨鱼业"等合fishery 有闭的词汇汇.O 圆圈代表天球，横线表示赤讲，所以那个标记便不妨表示国际的、天下的、寰球的等: international, worldwide, global, universal, etc.J 表示启心：pleasant, joyful，happy，excited, etc.L 表示没有谦、气愤unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc.EO 表示听到、总所周之：as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc.O 表示漠没有闭心、漠不体贴：indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, don't care much, etc.用箭头、数教标记、标面标记去表示三、箭头g 表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc.表示引导、带收：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.表示伸服：submit tof 表示去自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.表示逃溯到：come/go back to，originateh 表示降下：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.表示收射、投搁商场、收止：launch，open, start, etc.表示死少、加强、促成：develop，strengthen， promote, etc表示"挫合"：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.四、数教标记+ 表示"多": many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.++(+2) 表示"多"的比较级：more+3 表示"多"的最下档：most－表示"少": little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.×表示"过得"、"过得"战"坏"的观念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.> 表示"多于"观念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.表示"下" 观念：superior to，surpass, etc.< 表示"少于"观念：less/smaller，etc.表示"矮"观念：inferior to，etc.= 表示"共等"观念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.表示"对于脚"观念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( ) 表示"正在......之间"：among, within, etc.≠ 表示"分歧"观念：be different from, etc.表示"无敌"观念：matchless, peerless, etc.～表示"约莫"观念：about/around，or so， approximately, etc./ 表示"可定"，"取消"等观念：cross out, eliminate, etc.五、标面等: 表示百般百般"道"的动词汇：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.? 表示"问题"：question，issue，比圆：台湾问题：tw?. (dot) 那个"."面的位子分歧表示的观念也纷歧样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago."y"表示this year, "y2." two year later"next week", 不妨表示为"wk."∧表示转合√ 表示"佳的"状态，right/good，famous/well-known，etc.表示"共意"状态，stand up for，support， agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc.☆表示"要害的"状态：important，exemplary（模范的） best，outstanding，brilliant，etc.n 表示"接流"状态：exchange，mutual, etc.& 表示"战"，"取"：and，together with，along with， accompany，along with，further more，etc.∥表示"中断"：end，stop，halt，bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.六、较少单词汇的处理办法-ism 简写为 m 比圆：socialism Sm-tion 简简写为 n 比圆：standardization (尺度化) stdn-cian 简简写为 o 比圆：technician techo-ing 简写为 g 比圆：marketing (商场营销) MKTg-ed 简写为 d 比圆：accepted acptd-able/ible/ble 简写为 bl 比圆：available avbl-ment 简写为 mt 比圆：amendment amdmt-ize 简写为 z 比圆：recognize regz-ful 简写为 fl 比圆：meaningful mnfl。
听力笔记简写符号汇总
听力笔记简写符号汇总（一）地名简写如果要把每个国家的名称完整的记录下来．会很费时间。
因此，常用国名的记录方法应常记心中，比如K=Korea, SD= Sweden, SW=Switzerland等等。
有时还可以借助“|－”来表示东、西、南、北、中等方位。
例如：the Republic of Korea(ROK，南朝鲜)，表示为“－K”; 相应的the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea（DPRK，北朝鲜）, 就可以表示为“K－”, Central London,表示为LD。
Western Europe（西欧）表示为“|EU”，Eastern Germany (东德)表示为“G|”。
缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：（一）拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receive（二）保留前几个字母INFO-informationINS-insuranceEXCH-exchangeI owe you-IOUIn stead of-I/O（三）保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK -weekRM-roomPL-people（四）根据发音R-areTHO-thoughTHRU-through（五）听力常用英语缩略词表（缩略词/原词）APT-ApartmentACC-AccountantACDG-AccordingACPT-AcceptAD-AdvertisementADS-AddressADV-AdviceAMAP-As much/many as possibleAMT-AmountBAL-BalanceBLDG-BuildingCERT-CertificateCMPE-Compete/competitiveCMU-Communication听力笔记简写符号汇总（二）数学符号+表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.++(+2) 表示“多”的比较级：more+ 表示“多”的最高级：most－表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.>表示“多于”概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc. 表示“高”概念：superior to，surpass, etc.< 表示“少于”概念：less/smaller，etc. 表示“低”概念：inferior to，etc.= 表示“同等”概念：means，that is to say，in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc. 表示“对手”概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( ) 表示“在......之间”：among, within, etc.≠表示“不同”概念：be different from, etc.表示“无敌”概念：matchless, peerless, etc.～表示“大约”概念：about/around，or so，approximately, etc./表示“否定”，“消除”等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.标点等: 表示各种各样“说”的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.表示“问题”：question，issue，例如：台湾问题：tw?. (dot)这个“.”点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样“.d”表示yesterday, “.y”表示last year, “.2m”表示two month ago。
听力笔记简写符号汇总
听力笔记简写符号汇总（一）地名简写如果要把每个国家的名称完整的记录下来．会很费时间。
因此，常用国名的记录方法应常记心中，比如K=Korea, SD= Sweden, SW=Switzerland等等。
有时还可以借助“|－”来表示东、西、南、北、中等方位。
例如：the Republic of Korea(ROK，南朝鲜)，表示为“－K”; 相应的the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea（DPRK，北朝鲜）, 就可以表示为“K－”, Central London,表示为LD。
Western Europe（西欧）表示为“|EU”，Eastern Germany (东德)表示为“G|”。
缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：（一）拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receive（二）保留前几个字母INFO-informationINS-insuranceEXCH-exchangeI owe you-IOUIn stead of-I/O（三）保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK -weekRM-roomPL-people（四）根据发音R-areTHO-thoughTHRU-through（五）听力常用英语缩略词表（缩略词/原词）APT-ApartmentACC-AccountantACDG-AccordingACPT-AcceptAD-AdvertisementADS-AddressADV-AdviceAMAP-As much/many as possibleAMT-AmountBAL-BalanceBLDG-BuildingCERT-CertificateCMPE-Compete/competitiveCMU-Communication听力笔记简写符号汇总（二）数学符号+表示“多”: many, lots of, agreat deal of, a good many of, etc.++(+2) 表示“多”的比较级：more+ 表示“多”的最高级：most－表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.>表示“多于”概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc. 表示“高”概念：superior to，surpass, etc.< 表示“少于”概念：less/smaller，etc. 表示“低”概念：inferior to，etc.= 表示“同等”概念：means，that is to say，in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.表示“对手”概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( ) 表示“在......之间”：among, within, etc.≠表示“不同”概念：be different from, etc.表示“无敌”概念：matchless, peerless, etc.～表示“大约”概念：about/around，or so，approximately, etc./表示“否定”，“消除”等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.标点等: 表示各种各样“说”的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.表示“问题”：question，issue，例如：台湾问题：tw. (dot)这个“.”点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样“.d”表示yesterday, “.y”表示last year, “.2m”表示two month ago。
英语听力速记符号
英语听力速记符号一、字母和缩写1. A - 代表“always” 总是2. B - 代表“because” 因为3. C - 代表“can’t” 不能4. D - 代表“don’t” 不要5. E - 代表“everything” 每件事6. F - 代表“friend” 朋友7. G - 代表“goodbye” 再见8. I - 代表“if” 如果9. J - 代表“just” 只是10. K - 代表“known” 知道二、数字和数学符号1. # - 代表“number” 数字2. × - 代表“multiply” 乘法3. / - 代表“divide” 除法4. + - 代表“plus” 加法5. - - 代表“minus” 减法6. < - 代表“less than” 小于7. > - 代表“greater than” 大于8. = - 代表“equals” 等于9. ( - 代表“open parenthesis” 开括号10. ) - 代表“close parenthesis” 闭括号三、标点和符号1. , - 代表“comma” 逗号2. . - 代表“period” 句号3. ? - 代表“question mark” 问号4. ! - 代表“exclamation mark” 感叹号5. ; - 代表“semicolon” 分号6. " - 代表“quotation marks” 双引号或单引号7. ' - 同上，也是引号的意思8. : - 同上，也是引号的意思9. & - 代表“and” 和10. * - 代表“star” 星号或乘号的意思四、图像和图形1. @ - 可以代表“at the” 在某处或某个时间点前2. @@ - 可以代表重复前一个符号或单词3. ~ - 可以代表“wave” 波浪形状，也可以表示声音的延长。
常用英语速记符号
常用速记符号
大于＞
小于＜
小于或等于≢
大于或等于≣
等于、意味着 =
不等于≠
约等于≈
遗憾、悲哀 ;
高兴、荣兴 (
错误、否、不、否定×正确、对、好、肯定√
不同意 N
同意 Y
上升、增加↑
下降、减少↓
强、好＋
更强、更好＋＋
弱、差－
更弱、更差――
因为∵
所以∴
优秀★
属于↔
胜利 V
问题、疑问？
和、与＆
结论是 =＞
将来 ;
过去 <
上一个台阶 ;
下一个台阶＆#8627; 越来越强等＆#8648; 越来越弱等＆#8650; 双向交流＆#8645;
促进、发展↗
一方面#8226;/
另一方面 /#8226;
关系 #8226;/#8226;
国家□
国与国□/□
原因←
导致、结果→
对立、冲突 ><
波折＜＜
会议、会面⊙
进入∩
接触、交往∞
分歧⊥
非常、十分重要 **
坚持≡
关键！
奇观 !
有关 @
替换为∽
但是‖与……比较而言∥
空洞○
代表△。
听力速记符号汇编-适合雅思听力、高级口译
听力速记符号汇编常用速记箭头汇编g1．表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc.2．表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the directionof, etc.3．表示屈服：submit tof1．表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.2．表示追溯到：come/go back to，originate h1．表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.2．表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open, start,etc.3．表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen，promote, etc表示“波折”：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.常用速记数学符号汇编：+表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good manyof, etc.++(+2)表示“多”的比较级：more+3表示“多”的最高级：most－表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortageof etc.×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念：wrong/incorrect，somethingbad，notorious，negative, etc.> 1．表示“多于”概念：bigger/larger/greater/morethan/better than, etc.2．表示“高” 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.< 1．表示“少于”概念：less/smaller，etc.2．表示“低”概念：inferior to，etc.=1．表示“同等”概念：means，that is to say， inother words，the same as，be equal to, etc.2．表示“对手”概念：a match, rival, competitor,counterpart, etc.( )表示“在......之间”：among, within, etc.≠1．表示“不同”概念：be different from, etc.2．表示“无敌”概念：matchless, peerless, etc.～表示“大约”概念：about/around，or so，approximately, etc./表示“否定”，“消除”等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example: January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words.Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/1、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
听力技巧--听力速记符号
e.g. for example< less than≤ no more than> more than≥ no less than≈ approximately= equal to≠ not equal to* important** very important ×wrong, bad√ right, good↑ increase↓ decrease+ better－worse∵because∴so← reason→ result? question! key point∈belong to& and缩写:cont. for continueded educationProf. professerch childcurr curriculumchem chemistryhist historyc/room classroomgeog geographyLng learningbk bookprob probablyex exercisewith w/18th century 18c字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
例如：日本人：JZ。
C 表示政府，统治：government，govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。
governmental official 可以表示为CZP 表示政治：politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。
那么politician就可以表示为PZE 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。
英语听力速记符号
英语听力速记符号第一篇：英语听力速记符号新东方张腾老师对托福雅思听力中的做笔记的速记符号的分享1．表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc.2．表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.3．表示屈服：submit to1．表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.2．表示追溯到：come/go back to，originate1．表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.2．表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open, start, etc.3．表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen，promote, etc 表示“波折”：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.常用速记数学符号汇编+表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.++(+2)+3 －表示“多”的比较级：more 表示“多”的最高级：most表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.>1．表示“多于”概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.2．表示“高” 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.<1．表示“少于”概念：less/smaller，etc.2．表示“低”概念：inferior to，etc.=1．表示“同等”概念：means，that is to say，in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.2．表示“对手”概念：a match, rival, comp etitor, counterpart, etc.()≠表示“在......之间”：among, within, etc.1．表示“不同”概念：be different from, etc.新东方张腾老师对托福雅思听力中的做笔记的速记符号的分享2．表示“无敌”概念：matchless, peerless, etc.～表示“大约”概念：about/around，or so，approximately, etc./APT apartment ACC accountant 表示“否定”，“消除”等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.ACDG ACPT ADADS ADV AMAP AMT APV ASAP BALBLDG CERT CFM CNCL CNF CMICMPL CMPE CMU CONC COND CO.DEPT DISC according advertisement address advise as much as possible amount approvesoon as possible balance building conform cancel conference concern company department discountacceptascertificatecommissioncompletecompetecommunicationcondition新东方张腾老师对托福雅思听力中的做笔记的速记符号的分享DRTdeparture EXCHexchange EXPLN explain EXTextent一、缩略词（缩略词的写法一般为四种方式）拿掉所有元音MKT market MGR manager MSG message STD standard RCV receive 保留前几个字母 INFO information INSinsurance EXCH exchange IOU I owe you I/OIn stead of 保留开头和结尾个发音字母 WKweek RM room PLpeople根据发音 Rare THO though THRU through 新东方张腾老师对托福雅思听力中的做笔记的速记符号的分享高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APTApartment ACCAccountant ACDGAccording ACPTAccept ADADSADVAMAPAMTAPVASAPBALBLDGCERTCFMCNCLCNFCMICMPCMPECMUCONDCO.DEPTDISCDPTEXCHAdvertisementAddress Advice As much/many as possible Amount Approve As soon as possible Balance Building Certificate Conform Conference Commission Complete Compete/competitive Communication Concern/concerning/concerned Condition Company Department Discount DepartureCancelExchange 新东方张腾老师对托福雅思听力中的做笔记的速记符号的分享EXPLNExplain EXTExtent FLTFlight FNTFinal FRTFreight FYRFor your reference GDGUAR IMPSIMP（T）INCDINDIV INSINTST I/OIOU IVOMANUF MDLMEMO MGRMKTMSGNCRY NLTOBSOBTGood Guarantee Home office Information Impossible Important Include Individual Insurance Interested In stead of I owe you In view ofManufacture Model Manger Minimum Market Message Necessary No later than Observe ObtainMemorandum新东方张腾老师对托福雅思听力中的做笔记的速记符号的分享ORDOrdinary PATPatent PCPiece PKGPacking PLPeople PLS Please POSN Position POSS（BL）Possible PROD Product QLTY QualityⅠ箭头→ export to, send to ,cause(导致)，arrive in/at Eg.: 我今天下午到达北京I → BJ at 6:00 pm d.← import, receive(from),come back(from)↑ increase, rise develop, promote, grow, expand Eg.: this company keep expanding(↑)↓decrease, decline, bomb(爆炸)，dropⅡ数学用符号＋ plus, and, in addition to ,further more(而且，此外，更近一步说)Eg.: there are five students plus ten teachers attending(旁听)5stus＋10tea －minus, lack × wrong, incorrect, bad ＞ more than, greater, more and more, superior to ＜ less than, smaller, fewer, inferior to ≥ more than or equal to ≤ less than or equal to ≠ be not match for…Eg.: jack ≠ Brandy jack 不是 Brandy 的对手≈around, almostEg.: 这辆自行车大约要花500美元才能买下自行车≈＄500 ∵ because of, owing to ,due to , thanks to ∴ so, therefore Ⅲ 其它新东方张腾老师对托福雅思听力中的做笔记的速记符号的分享。
英语速记符号完整版(用于听力和笔记)
1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples: bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/关于缩略词一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
英语速记符号完整版(用于听力和笔记)
1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples: custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/关于缩略词一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
英语专四听力讲座技巧含2016年专四听力讲座真题
三、学会归纳总结
填入答案时要对照自己听时的记录笔记，先确定全文的大体结构和层次，避免答非所问。 值得注意的是有时要填入的词不是原文原词，需要在理解原文的基础上进行概括归纳而得出， 因此答案通常不止一个。这种类型的题目较难，需要听者对原文关键词和全文的理解。
四、灵机一动猜答案
即使有些词没记录下来，在答题时仍然可以通过多种方法得出正确答案，意思对即可。 1.对考题结构进行分析。考题是原文的浓缩，在结构上必然会体现原文清晰的顺序和
层次结构。考生如果遗漏了其中某一层次的内容，可以先找到与之结构上并列的信息，依次
判断推测。 2.对考题空格处的语法分析。考生可以通过分析，推测出空格处应填入的词的词性和
词形，然后根据前后相关信息，寻找在意义上也符合要求的答案。
3.基于自身知识。原文中的话题大部分涉及考生熟悉的领域，因此考生会具有一定的 相关背景知识。如果笔记中没有可供参考的信息，听者还可以根据自己对话题的了解，预测 和推断出答案。
[6]Grit is living life like it's a marathon, not a sprint. A few years ago, I started studying grit in the Chicago public schools. I asked thousands of high school juniors to take grit questionnaires, and then waited around more than a year to see who would graduate. [7]It turned out that grittier kids were significantly more likely to graduate, even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure, things like family income, test scores and so on. To me, the most shocking thing about grit is how little we know, how little science knows about building it. Every day, parents and teachers ask me” How do I build grit in kids? How do I keep them motivated for the long run?" Our data show very clearly that there are many talented individuals who simply do not follow through on their commitments. [8]In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated or even inversely related to measures of talent. So far, the best idea I've heard about building grit in kids is something called "growth mindset." [9]Growth mindset is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed, that it can change with your effort. [10]Kids with grit are much more likely to persevere when they fail, because they don't believe that failure is a permanent condition. So growth mห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ndset is a great idea for building grit. But we need more. And that's where I'm going to end my remarks, because that's where we are. That's the work that stands before us. We have to be willing to fail, to be wrong, to start over again with lessons learned. As a conclusion, we need to be gritty about getting our kids grittier. Nest time, I would like to share with my experience in building up students’ grit.
英语四级学习听力速记符号
IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible.1 拿掉所有元音 MKT: market MGR: manager MSG: message STD: standard RCV: receive2 保留前几个字母 INFO information NS insurance EXCH exchange I owe you IOU In stead of I/O3 保留开头和结尾个发音字母 WK week RM roomPL people\ Z 表示"人"people/person，例如：日本人：JZ 4 根据发音 R are THO though THRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表APT Apartment ACC AccountantACDG According ACPT AcceptAD Advertisement ADS AddressADV Advice AMAP As much/many as possible AMT Amount APV ApproveASAP As soon as possible BAL Balance BLDG Building CERT CertificateCFM Conform CNCL CancelCNF Conference CMI CommissionCMP Complete CMPE Compete/competitiveCMU Communication CONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND Condition CO. Company DPT Departure DEPT Department DISC DiscountEXCH Exchange EXPLN ExplainEXT Extent FLT FlightFNT Final FRT FreightFYR For your reference GD GoodGUAR Guarantee H.O. Home officeINFO Information IMPS ImpossibleIMP（T） Important INCD IncludeINDIV Individual INS InsuranceINTST Interested I/O In stead ofIOU I owe you IVO In view ofMANUF Manufacture MDL ModelMEMO Memorandum MGR MangerMIN Minimum MKT MarketMSG Message NCRY NecessaryNLT No later than OBS ObserveOBT Obtain ORD OrdinaryPAT Patent PC PiecePKG Packing PLS PleasePOSN Position POSS（BL） PossiblePROD Product QLTY QualityQUTY Quantity RCV ReceiveREF Reference REGL RegularREP Representative RESN ReservationRPT Repeat RESPON ResponsibleSEC Section SITN SituationSTD Standard TEL TelephoneTEMP Temporary TGM TelegraphTHO Though TKS ThanksTRD Trade TRF TrafficTTL Total U YouUR Your WK WeekWL Will WT Weight XL Extra large二、字母、图像C (control) 表示政府，统治：government，govern .governmental official 可以表示为 CZP 表示政治： politician就可以表示为 PZS (sum)/ E 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on thewhole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。
专四听写笔记常用符号和缩略语
笔记常用符号和缩略语(Note-taking: Useful Signs and Abbreviations)1．常用笔记符号：符号信息意义箭头符号↑ 上升；提高；增强；上涨；增长；扩大；起飞；升空；提拔；晋升（grow, expand, develop, rise, go up, increase , ascend, launch, skyrocket, soar, appreciation,promote, upwards）↓ 下降；下沉；降低；滑坡；轰炸；减少；恶化；降职；削减/裁减（drop to, bomb, jump, go down, descend, decrease, deteriorate, depreciation, reduce, downwards）↗上扬；渐渐好转（become better and better）↘下挫；不断亏损（become worse and worse）→ 出口；去；向前；出国；前往；运往；导致；发展成为… （export to, enter, arrive in/at, present to, result in, send to, transmit to, lead to, export to, cause）← 回顾；从前；进口；倒退；来自；源于（come from, originate from, receive from, go back to, import from）例如：café ← French意为: café源自于法语数学符号+ 增加；补充；除此之外；另外(furthermore, in addition to, with, and, besides, etc) —减少；删除；缺乏（minus, lack, deduct, except, subtract）×表示“不对的，错的，坏的，不好的，臭名昭著的”（mistake, incorrect, wrong, bad, inappropriate, notorious）> 超过，大于，胜过，优于（more than, bigger than, surpass, better than, superior to）＞＞大大超过(much greater than, much more than)< 小于，不足，次于，逊色（fewer than, less than, worse than, inferior to）＜＜远远少于(much less than)= 等于符号（equal) 在听力笔记中相当于“与…一样”（equal to, the same as)，另外可以表示“是…的对手“（a rival, a competitor)等意思。
英语听力速记符号总结
1．表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc.2．表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.3．表示屈服：submit to1．表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.2．表示追溯到：come/go back to，originate1．表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.2．表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open, start, etc.3．表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen，promote, etc表示“波折”：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.常用速记数学符号汇编+表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of,etc.++(+2)表示“多”的比较级：more+3表示“多”的最高级：most－表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage ofetc.×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.> 1．表示“多于”概念：bigger/larger/greater/morethan/better than, etc.2．表示“高” 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.< 1．表示“少于”概念：less/smaller，etc.2．表示“低”概念：inferior to，etc.=1．表示“同等”概念：means，that is to say，in otherwords，the same as，be equal to, etc.2．表示“对手”概念：a match, rival, competitor,counterpart, etc.( )表示“在......之间”：among, within, etc.≠1．表示“不同”概念：be different from, etc.2．表示“无敌”概念：matchless, peerless, etc.～表示“大约”概念：about/around，or so，approximately,etc./表示“否定”，“消除”等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.APT apartmentACC accountantACDG accordingACPT acceptAD advertisementADS addressADV adviseAMAP as much as possible AMT amountAPV approveASAP as soon as possible BAL balancceBLDG buildingCERT certificateCFM conformCNCL cancelCNF conference CMI commissionCMPL completeCMPE competeCMU communicationCONC concernCOND conditionCO. companyDEPT departmentDISC discountDPT departureEXCH exchangeEXPLN explainEXT extent一、缩略词（缩略词的写法一般为四种方式）拿掉所有元音MKT marketMGR managerMSG messageSTD standardRCV receive保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeIOU I owe youI/O In stead of保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL people根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possible AMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concerne dCOND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNL FinalFRT FreightFYR For your referenceGD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home officeINFO Information IMPS Impossible IMP（T）Important INCD Include INDIV Individual INS Insurance INTST InterestedI/O In stead of IOU I owe you IVO In view of MANUF Manufacture MDL ModelMEMO Memorandum MGR MangerMIN Minimum MKT MarketMSG Message NCRY NecessaryNLT No later than OBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN PositionPOSS（BL）Possible PROD Product QLTY QualityⅠ箭头→ export to, send to ,cause(导致)，arrive in/at Eg.: 我今天下午到达北京I → BJ at 6:00 pm d.← import, receive(from),come back(from)↑ increase, rise develop, promote, grow, expandEg.: this company keep expanding (↑)↓decrease, decline, bomb(爆炸) ，dropⅡ数学用符号＋plus, and, in addition to ,further more(而且，此外，更近一步说)Eg.: there are five students plus ten teachers attending(旁听)5stus＋10tea－minus, lack× wrong, incorrect, bad＞more than, greater, more and more, superior to＜less than, smaller, fewer, inferior to≥ more than or equal to≤ less than or equal to≠ be not match for…Eg.: jack ≠ Brandy jack 不是Brandy 的对手≈around, almostEg.: 这辆自行车大约要花500美元才能买下自行车≈＄500∵ because of, owing to ,due to , thanks to∴ so, thereforeⅢ其它。
英语速记符号(用于听力和笔记)
1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equal+ plus// parallelUse technical symbols where applicable.ibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = water高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possible AMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your referenceGD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home office INFO Information IMPS Impossible IMP(T) Important INCD Include INDIV Individual INS Insurance INTST InterestedI/O In stead of IOU I owe youIVO In view of MANUF Manufacture MDL ModelMEMO Memorandum MGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessageNCRY Necessary NLT No later than OBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN Position POSS(BL) Possible PROD ProductQLTY Quality QUTY QuantityRCV ReceiveREF Reference REGL RegularREP Representative RESN Reservation RPT Repeat RESPON Responsible SEC SectionSITN Situation STD StandardTEL TelephoneTEMP TemporaryTGM TelegraphTHO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large箭头g 表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc. 表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.表示屈服：submit tof 表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.表示追溯到：come/go back to，originateh 表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open, start, etc.表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen， promote, etc表示"波折"：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.数学符号+ 表示"多": many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.++(+2) 表示"多"的比较级：more+3 表示"多"的最高级：most－表示"少": little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.× 表示"错误"、"失误"和"坏"的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.> 表示"多于"概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.表示"高" 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.< 表示"少于"概念：less/smaller，etc.表示"低"概念：inferior to，etc.= 表示"同等"概念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.表示"对手"概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( ) 表示"在......之间"：among, within, etc.≠ 表示"不同"概念：be different from, etc.表示"无敌"概念：matchless, peerless, etc.～表示"大约"概念：about/around，or so， approximately, etc./ 表示"否定"，"消除"等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.标点: 表示各种各样"说"的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.? 表示"问题"：question，issue，例如：台湾问题：tw?. (dot) 这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago。
英语听力速记符号(典藏版)
一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：1.拿掉所有元音MKT: market MGR: manager MSG: message STD: standard RCV: receive2.保留前几个字母INFO information INS insurance EXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/O3保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL people4根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词AMAP As much/many as possible AD AdvertisementCMPE Compete/competitiveASAP As soon as possibleCONC Concern/concerning/concerned FYR For your referenceAPT Apartment ACC Accountant ACDG According ACPT AcceptADS Address ADV AdviceAMT AmountAPV ApproveBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMU CommunicationCOND Condition CO. Company DEPT Department DISC Discount DPT Departure EXCH Exchange EXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT Flight FNT FinalFRT FreightGD Good GUAR Guarantee H.O. Home office INFO Information IMPS Impossible IMP(T) Important INCD Include INDIV Individual INS Insurance INTST Interested I/O In stead of IOU I owe youIVO In view ofMANUF ManufactureMDL ModelMEMO MemorandumMGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessageNCRY NecessaryNLT No later thanOBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN PositionPOSS(BL) PossiblePROD ProductQLTY QualityQUTY QuantityRCV ReceiveREF ReferenceREGL RegularREP RepresentativeRESN ReservationRPT RepeatRESPON ResponsibleSEC SectionSITN SituationSTD StandardTEL TelephoneTEMP TemporaryTGM TelegraphTHO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large五、标点等: 表示各种各样"说"的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc. 表示"问题"：question，issue，例如：台湾问题：tw?. (dot) 这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago。
英语速记符号完整版(用于听力和笔记)
之阿布丰王创作1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequency Leave out periods in standardabbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = examplede pt = department Use only the first syllable of aword.pol = politicsdem = democracylib= liberalcap = capitalism Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2ndsyllable.pres = presentationsubj = subject ind = individualcons = conservative Eli minate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizableabbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biolo gyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimu mrep = repetition Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = gov ernment Use an apostrophe in place ofletters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov 't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by addings.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductions Use g to represent ingendings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingd ecrg = decreasingexptg = experimenting Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key. Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand. Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the. If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter. Use symbols forcommonly recurring connective or transitionalwords.& = andw/ = withw/o = withou tvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equal Use technical symbols whereapplicable.zb = German, forexampleibid = Latin, the sameworko = degreesH2O = waterMorereference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retainingonly enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as=following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/关于缩略词一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
2019英语专业四级听力听写速记方法：符号法
2019英语专业四级听力听写速记方法：符号法在平时的训练过程中，英语专四考生应学习一些常用的速记方法。
专四听写的速度和效果很大程度上取决于考生是否能够熟练地进行速记。
下面无忧考网给考生整理《2019英语专业四级听力听写速记方法：符号法》一文，希望对大家备考有所帮助，在此预祝大家顺利通过考试。
符号法。
符号法就是利用一些形象的符号来代替具体的意义表达。
这种方法在速记里也有一套专门的符号体系。
笔者在此给大家列举一些最常见的符号：“→”表示到达、传达，可代替go into、arrive at、give to、send to、present to等词组。
“↑”表示上升，可代替up、upward、rise、increase、arise、ascend等词。
“+”表示多，可代替many、lots of、a great deal of、a good many of等词(组)。
“+2”表示比较级，可代替more、better以及其他形容词或副词的比较级。
“+3”表示级，可代替best、most 以及其他形容词或副词的级。
“=”表示同等概念，可代替means、that is to say、in other words、the same as、be equal to等词(组)。
“( )”表示“在……之间”，可代替among、within等词。
“≠”表示不同，可代替be different from等词组。
“～”表示约数概念，可代替about、around、or so、approximately等词(组)。
“/”表示否定或消除，可代替cross out、eliminate等词(组)。
“:”表示各种各样“说”的动词：say、speak、talk、remark、announce、declare等词。
“?”表示问题，可代替question、issue等词。
“∥”表示“结束”，可代替end、stop、halt、bring sth. to a standstill等词(组)。
听力速记符号和缩略词
常用速记字母／图像汇编
表示“人”people/person，因为“Z”看上去像个人头，
Z
它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如：日本
人：JZ。
E 表示总数：
total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to s
um up, ect.
例如：accepted acptd
-able/ible/ble 简写为 bl 例如：available avbl
-ment 简写为 mt 例如：amendment amdmt
-ize 简写为 z
例如：recognize regz
-ful 简写为 fl
例如：meaningful mnfl
常用速记缩略词汇编
MANUF MDL MEMO MGR MIN MKT MSG
Manufacture Model Memorandum Manger Minimum Market Message
NCRY NLT
Necessary No later than
OBS OBT ORD
Observe Obtain Ordinary
months, 如since 2mo ago等等。 3. 时间先后的表示： 考生可以在缩写前后使用“.”来表示时间的先后，例如2
weeks ago可以写成“. 2wk”，而相对的2 weeks after就是 “2wk.”。用这样的方式，既节约时间，又能清楚记录听到的 信息。
听力速记
－－－掌握细节的真功夫
四级听写之“速记三大原则”
在具体介绍听力考试中常用的速记方法之前， 我们有必要首先明确一下速记的三大原则
原则一： 脑记为主，笔记为辅 原则二：实用、快速、个性化 原则三：坚持训练，产生条件反射
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
专四听力常用速记符号
c.f. : compare e.g. : example dept: department max: maximum
min: minimum bkgd: background gvt : government // : parallel
<---:as a result / consequence of --->: resulting in = : equal to / same as *: important
msg: message std: standard rcv: receive wk: week
rm: room ad: advertisement z: people/person co: company
etc: and so on esp: especially ie: that is ≈: about, approximate, or so,
↑: increase↓: decrease∈:belong V: victory
↗: development >< conflict, confrontation ＜＜: difficulty ⊙: conference, meeting ∞: communication⊥: disagreement, discrepancy ∽: in stead of △: stand for
?：question ∧: but, however ( )：among, within, etc tm: time
∵: by reason that, because, owing to, inasmuch as; on the score of; in so much as; considering that; now that
∴: therefore, so; consequently
+ : many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc. (++(+2)：more, +3：most)
－: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.
×：wrong/incorrect，something bad
√: right/good
>：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, superior to，surpass, etc.
<：less/smaller，inferior to，etc.
=: means，that is to say，in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.
:：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.
. (dot) 这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago。
"y"表示this year, "y2." two year later "next week", 可以表示为"wk."
& ：and，together with，along with，accompany，further more，etc.
1。