动词不定式主动表被动的情况

动词不定式主动表被动的情况：
在某些情况下 ,诚然表示被动意思 ,用的倒是不定式的主动形式。

常有的有以
下几种情况 :
一、在某些固定句型中,动词不定式作定语 ,用主动形式表被动意义。

1）have（give, show）sth. to do
在这种句型中的不定式与前边的名词有动宾关系 ,又和句中另一名词或代词构
成主谓关系。

比方 :
I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do 与 things 是动宾关系 ,与 I 是主谓关系。

否则 ,在表示被动意义时 ,仍需要被动式。

试比较 :
Have you anything to do this afternoon?今天下午你有事要做吗 ?（to do 是由you 发出的）
Have you anything to be taken to your parents?你有要带给你父亲母亲的东西吗
?（谁带不得而知）再如:
Please get me something to read请.给我弄点读的资料。

He'll show you the right path to take. 他会给你指出要走的正确的路。

2）It（This, That）＋ be＋a／an＋adj.＋n.＋to do
在这种句型中 ,不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。

动词不定式可改为动词不
定式复合结构。

比方 :
This is a difficult question to answer.这是个难答的问题。

question 与 to answer 为动宾关系。

to answer 可改为 for me to answer。

再如:
It is an easy sentence to translate.这个句子很简单翻译。

3）There＋be＋n.＋to do
在此句型中 ,用来修饰主语的不定式 ,可用主动式 ,也可用被动式 ,可是重视点
不同样。

用主动式作定语 ,重点在人 ,用被动式作定语 ,重点在物。

比方 :没有时间可以耽误。

可译成:
Thereisnotimetolose（tobelost ）.用 tolose 可看作 forustolose;用 to be lost,谁lost time 不明确。

但下述两句用主动不定式与被动不定式意义不同样:
a. There is nothing to do now.（＝ We have nothing to do now.）现在没事干。

b. There is nothing to be done.（＝ We can do nothing now.）现在没方法了。

a.There is nothing to see.（nothing worth seeing）没有东西值得看。

b.There is nothing to be seen.（nothing there at all ）看不见什么东西。

二、在某些“形容词＋不定式”的结构中 ,不定式有被动意义 ,与句子主语构成动宾关系。

其句型有 :
1）n.＋be＋adj.＋to do
The question was very difficult to answer.这问题很难回答。

The job is very easy to do这.工作很简单做。

2）n.＋be＋too＋adj.＋to do
The thing is too small to see.这东西太小看不见。

I was too excited to say a word.我激动得连一句话也说不出。

3）n.＋be＋adj.＋enough to do
The box is light enough to carry.这盒子轻得可带走。

The book is cheap enough to buy这.本书很低价可以买。

但以下两句可用不定式的主动式,也可用被动式 :
This plant is fit to eat／to be eaten.这种植物可以食用。

The cake is ready to eat／to be eaten.这块饼可以吃了。

三、某些动词 ,如 to let, to blame（责备） , to seek（搜寻）用主动式表被动意义。

比方 :
The house is to let.这房子要出租。

Who is to blame for it?这得怪谁 ?
The reason is not far to seek这.原由不难找到。

练习 :
选择填空。

a. sit
b. sit on
c. be sat
d. be sat on
2. I'm hungry. Get me something _____.
a. eat
b. to eat
c. to be eat
d. for eating
3. It is difficult for a foreigner _____ Chinese.
a. write
b. to write
c. to be written
d. written
4. I have no more letters _____, thank you.
a. to type
b. typing
c. to be typed
d. typed
5. The car is rather difficult _____.
a. to repair
b. to be repaired
c. repairing
d. being repaired
6. He was nowhere _____.
a. to see
b. to be seen
c. seeing
d. seen
7.She had no money _____ a birthday present for their children.a. to buy b. to be bought c. bought d. buying
8.We waited for the work _____.
a. done
b. being done
c. to do
d. to be done
答案 :
1—5BBBAA6—8 BAD。