高三英语BOOK 9 Unit4 Exploring plants知识点分析人教新课标

BOOK 9 Unit4 Exploring plants
目标认知
重点词汇： scale, conflict, restriction, fluency, appeal, postpone,
evolve, attach, date back to, give out 重点句型：not …until 句型
语法：宾语
精讲巧练重点词汇scale
【原句回放】 However, it was not until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that the exploration of the botanical world began on a large scale. (P32) 【点拨】scale n. the size of sth. , especially when it is big 意为“大小，规模〞，on a large scale 表示“规模宏大的〞，还表示“等级；比例，尺度〞如：Any public demonstrations〔游行〕on a large scale without the permission of the city
authorities is antisocial.
The scale of this map is one centimeter to the kilometer.
A machine for weighing people has a scale from one pound to 300 pounds on it.
【拓展】scales 表示“称，天平〞；scale 也用作动词，表示“攀越，爬越〞，短语：scale up/ down 按比例逐步增加/减少，
如：Students scaled an 8-foot fence to enter the theatre.
Such a big order means scaling up our production capacity.
【随时练】 With the opportunity to survive becoming small, the search operation has been scaled down slowly at present.
A. has been scaled down
B. is being scaled down
C. scaled up
D. is scaling up
Key: B
conflict
【原句回放】Brave young men took the opportunity of going on botanical expeditions, often facing many dangers including disease,…and conflicts with the local people. (P32)
【点拨】 conflict n. angry disagreement between people or groups 表示“冲突，争端〞，常与介词between / over 连用， be in conflict with sb. 表示“与某人处于
争执中〞。

conflict 也用作动词，表示“冲突；争执〞
如：There is a conflict between the two sides of his personality.
She is in conflict with her employer over sickness pay.
The two stories conflicted, so I did not know what to believe.
【拓展】区别conflict, fight, struggle
都含“战斗〞、“斗争〞的意思。

① conflict指“由于严重不一致，而引起抵触或冲突〞，
如：Their account of the causes of the war conflicts with ours.
他们对于战争起因的报告与我们的报告相反。

② fight原义是“打仗〞、“战斗〞，指“任何形式的斗争〞，特别强调“短兵相接〞，
如：The two boys fought. 两个孩子动手打起来了。

③ struggle本义是“挣扎〞，指“抑制某种障碍或困难，以达到某种目的〞，意味
着“处境难〞，
如：They were struggling for peace. 他们为和平而斗争。

【随时练】 In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the _______in personality.
A. contract
B. contrast B. connection D. conflict
Key: D. 析：conflict争论，摩擦，冲突；contact接触，联系，交往；
contrast比照；对照；connection联系，关系。

restriction
【原句回放】At that time, there were restrictions on the movement of Europeans and so ,…(P33)
【点拨】restriction n. the act of limiting or controlling someone or sth. 表示“限制，约束〞，短语lift/ remove restrictions on 表示“解除对…的限制〞，如：The restriction of press freedom is seen as an abuse〔侵犯〕of human rights.
We have been asking the government to lift the restrictions on food export.
【拓展】 restrict v. 表示“限制，限定〞，restrict sth. to sth 表示“限制某人某物〞;restrictive adj. 表示“严格限制的〞。

如：Doctors have restricted the number of visits to two per day.
Travel is my dream, but a busy working life has restricted my opportunities.
The current building regulations are very restrictive.
【随时练】The county is facing restrictions ________ the use of water for irrigating crops.
A．to B. with C. on D. toward
Key: C
fluency
【原句回放】，… in order to travel unnoticed, he developed his fluency in Chinese and dressed as a Chinese man, even shaving his head in the Chinese style. (P33) 【点拨】 fluency n. quality of speaking , writing in an easy smooth manner 表
示“流利，流畅〞，with fluency 表示“流畅地, 滔滔不绝〞，
如：Visitors were amazed at the students' conversational fluency in English.
He speaks English with great fluency.
【拓展】fluent adj. 表示“流利的，熟练的〞, be fluent in 表示“在某方面熟练的〞， fluently adv. “熟练地〞
如：You couldn’t imagine our prime minister was fluent in eight foreign languages.
You speak more fluently than I.
【随时练】 She speaks ________ though not very correct French.
A. fluent
B. fluently
C. fluency
D. with fluency
Key: A
appeal
【原句回放】One of the collectors was Father Farges, who collected 37 seeds from a tree that had appealed to him. (P33)
【点拨】appeal vi. to be attractive or interesting to sb. 表示“〔常与to连用〕吸引；引起兴趣〞，还表示“呼吁，恳请，上诉，诉诸〞等，
如：Does the idea of working for a venture company appeal to you?
The government is appealing to everyone to save water.
The victims' families of the murder have appealed to the Supreme Court to have a
definitive answer.
He appealed against the judge's decision.
【拓展】appeal 用作名词，表示“呼吁，请求，吸引力〞，常与介词for 连用，make an appeal 请求；
如：They have launched an appeal to send food to the flood victims.
There have been several appeals for an end to the fighting.
The old couple made an emotional appeal for his daughter to connect them.
【随时练】The design ______all the ages and social groups is not easy to make.
A. appealed to
B. being appealed to
C. to be appealed to
D. appealing to
Key: D
postpone
【原句回放】My parents suggested postponing our visit to the pyramid because we didn’t have enough time to see them before we left Egypt.(P35) 【点拨】postpone vt. to decide that sth. will not be done at the time when it was planned, or to delay 表示“推迟，延期〞，postpone doing sth 表示“推迟做某事〞常与介词till/until/ to连用，
如：We postponed the match from March 5th to March 19th.
The ball game was postponed because of the heavy rain.
【拓展】区别delay/ postpone / put off
均含“推迟〞、“延期〞、“延缓〞的意思。

① delay 指“暂时阻挠或阻挡, 稍后可再继续进展〞,
如：The steamer was delayed by bad weather. 汽轮因天气不佳而延期。

② postpone是正式用语, 语义较强, 指“有意识地延至将来某一特定时间〞, 在多数情况下, 后面说
明改在何时进展,
如：The meeting has been postponed to Friday. 会议推迟到星期五举行。

③ put off与postpone大致同义, 但较通俗口语化,
如：Let's put this off till some other time. 我们还是把这搁一搁, 以后再说吧。

【随时练】 We ‘ve had to postpone _________ to France because Adrian’s got an interview for a job that week.
A. going
B. go
C. to go
D. to going
Key: A
evolve
【原句回放】Over time, many flowering plants and their animal pollinators have evolved together. (P38)
【点拨】evolve vi ＆vt. to develop naturally and gradually over a period of time 表示“开展，进化〞，常与介词from/ into连用，
如：There was a debate as to whether birds evolved from dinosaurs.
The British present political system has evolved over several centuries.
【拓展】evolution n. 表示“进化〔论〕,开展〞，evolutionary adj. 表示“进化的，开展的〞。

如：The space program is the evolution of years of research.
The new fossil finds may tell us more about human evolution.
【随时练】The developmental history of the society tells us that man has ___from the ape.
A. involved
B. dissolved
C. evolved
D. solved
Key: C
attach
【原句回放】Pollen becomes attached to the animal during its visit to a flower and is then passed on to another plant’s blossom on its next visit. (P38) 【点拨】 attach vt. to connect one thing to another 表示“系上，缚上，附加〞，常与介词to 连用，attach a label to 贴上标签，
如：There was a massage attached to the flowers.
No blame attaches to him for the accident.
We should attach primary importance to the development of economy.
【拓展】attached adj. 表示“连接的，附加的〞，attachment n. 表示“附件，爱慕〞。

如：She found herself growing deeply attached to the old lady.
The hallway leads to a bathroom with bath and shower attachment.
【随时练】On returning home, she found a note ______ to the door, reading: “ call in later.〞
A. attaching
B. attached
C. attach
D. being attached
Key: B
date back to
【原句回放】Collecting “exotic〞 plants, as they are called, dates back to the earliest times. (P32)
【点拨】date back to 表示“追溯到，始于〞，相当于date from, 常用于一般现在时，且无被动语态，
如：These sculptures must date from the middle of the 7th century.
【拓展】date 用作动词，表示“在…写上日期，确定…的年代〞；out of date 表示“过时的〞，up to date 表示“新式的，时髦的〞
如：The paintings haven’t yet been accurately dated by the museum’s experts.
The new park provides up- to -date information , hands-on learning and lots of fun and
excitement.
【随时练】 The temple, which ______ back to the 17th century, is undergoing a complete mending.
A. dates
B. goes
C. was made
D. was built
Key: A
give out
【原句回放】Smell: strong, sweet perfume, typically only given out at night. (P38)
【点拨】 give out vt. to produce sth. such as a sound or light, 表示“发出，散发出〞,还表示“分发，用尽，停止运转〞
如：The teacher gave out textbook to the students who ask for them.
The new devices gives out very low noise.
His heart finally gave out under the strain.
【拓展】相关短语：give away 泄漏；赠送； give in 妥协，屈服；give off 散发出，冒出；give up 放弃，停止，
如：The supermarket is giving away a box of sugar to everyone who comes today.
The government has said all along that it will never give in to the terrorist threats.
When they die, plants gives off gases such as carbon dioxide and methane(甲烷).
【随时练】 Don’t mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may _______ the shocking ending.
A. give away
B. give out
C. give up
D. give off
Key: A
重点句型not …until 句型
【原句回放1】 However, it was not until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that the exploration of the botanical world began on a large scale. (P32) 【点拨】 not …until 表示“直到…才，在…之前不〞，只用于主句谓语是瞬间性动词，如果主句谓语是延续性动词时如此不用not, 有时until可以与before 互换，如：We can't start the job until we have the approval from the authority concerned.
He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days
later.
Don’t promise him anything before we’ve had time to think about it.
【拓展】
①如果“not until…〞结构置于句首时，主句的语序要用倒装结构，而until引导的句子不倒装，
如：Not until I left home did I begin to understand how kind my parents were.
②“not… until句型〞用于强调句中“It was/ is not until … that〞表示“直到…才〞
如：It was not until he told me that I knew about it.
It was not until the 1880 that there were consistent experimental findings to
support the theory.
③在until 引导的时间状语从句中，主句假设是一般将来时，从句往往用一般现在时或现在完成时。

如：Don’t get off until the bus has stopped.
【链接高考】
【考例1】It was _______ back home after the experiment.
A．not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn’t go
C. not until midnight that he went
D. until midnight when he didn’t go
【答案与解析】C。

考查强调句型“It was not until … that〞。

【考例2】“You can’t have the football back _______ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,〞 the old man said firmly.
A．because B. since C. when D. until
【答案与解析】D. 句意是：直到你答应不再用球打我的猫，否如此你不会要回你的球，这位老太太坚决的说。

【考例3】I won’t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he _______ on it for more than an hour.
A．has been working B. will have worked
C. will have been working
D. had worked
【答案与解析】A. until引导的时间状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句如此用现在时。

【考例4】We are told that we should follow the main road ______ we reached the central railway station.
A. whenever
B. until
C. while
D. wherever
【答案与解析】B. follow 是延续性动词，表示“沿着，顺着〞，句意是“沿着那条公路走直到到达中心火车站。

写作进展时
翻译下文，尽量运用本单元学过的词汇与短语：
有一天在我和汤姆上学的路上，汤姆碰上了一次车祸，幸运的是他没有受伤，可是他的自行车坏了，于是我用绳子把他的车子拴到我的车子上，这样我们一块朝学校骑去。

当然我们的速度受到了限制，并且恐怕要迟到。

我们之间也出现过争吵，最后，直到上课了我们还没有到。

然而，令我们高兴的是教师并没有惩罚我们而是表扬了我们相互帮助。

写作过程：
〔1〕审题：______________________________________________
〔2〕列出相关词汇短语：_______________________________________________.
〔3〕谋篇：_______________________________________.
〔4〕写作：______________________________________
答案：
〔1〕审题：表示一个故事，时态用一般现在时
〔2〕列出相关词汇短语：came across, break down, attach, restrict,
conflict, to our delight
〔3〕谋篇：fortunately, though, so, not …until , however
〔4〕范文：
One day on my and Tom’s way to school ,Tom came across an accident. Fortunately, he was not injured at all, his bike broke down, though. So I had to attach my bike to Tom’s with a rope. In this way we made our way to the school. Of course , our speed was greatly restricted and we were afraid to be late. There were some conflicts between us on our way. At last we didn’t arrive at school until the class began. However, to our delight, our teacher praised us for our helping each other instead of punishing us.
解析：
1．这篇作文用到很多本单元的知识点，如：came across, break down, attach, restrict, conflict 以与本单元重点句型：not …until与几组副词。

2．在写作过程的第二步〔列出相关词汇短语〕，可以作为brainstorm的训练，列出所有自己能想到的词汇与短语，与连接词等等。

3．为了得到高分，同学一定要注意长短句的交替使用。

如果第一句很长，第二句一定要尽量。