Unit4词句精讲精练

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Unit4词句精讲精练
Unit4A good read
词句精讲精练
词汇精讲
1.against
against作介词,其⽤法如下:
(1)反对,违反。

对应的反义词为for,常⽤于be against sb./sth.“反对某⼈/某事”。

例如:
Are most people against having a part-time job?
⼤多数⼈反对做兼职⼯作吗?
(2)和……交战(指竞争、⽐赛等)。

例如:
We’ll have a basketball match against the team from No.2Middle School next week.
下星期我们将与⼆中的球队举⾏⼀场篮球赛。

(3)碰、装、擦。

例如:
Rain beats against the window.⾬打在窗户上。

(4)倚着、靠着。

例如:
There was a ladder propped up(⽀撑)against the wall.⼀把梯⼦靠着墙。

(5)防备,抗……。

例如:
She saved money against old age.她攒钱防⽼。

(6)逆着……。

例如:
We are sailing against the wind.我们(的船)正逆风航⾏。

(7)衬托,相映,对照。

例如:
Red flags stand out brightly against the blue sky.
红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得分外鲜艳。

2.until
until意为“直到……”,有下列⽤法:
(1)作介词,后接时间名词,在句中作时间状语。

例如:
She waited there until9o’clock.她在那⼀直等到9点钟。

(2)作连词,后接从句,引导时间状语从句。

例如:
We waited until the rain stopped.我们等到⾬停了。

【拓展】
(1)until⽤在肯定句中,多与持续性的动词连⽤。

如stand/wait/stay等,表⽰主句动作的终⽌时间。

例如:I will wait here until you come back.
我会在这⾥等到你回来。

(2)until可⽤于否定句中,即not…until…意为“直到……才……”,常与⾮延续性动词连⽤。

如open/start/leave/arrive等,强调主句动作开始的时间。

例如:
The child didn’t go to bed until his father came back.
直到⽗亲回来,那个孩⼦才睡觉。

3.either
(1)either作副词,意为“也”。

通常⽤于否定句中。

例如:
If you don’t go,I will not go,either.
如果你不去,我也不去。

【拓展】
also,too与either都有“也”的意思,但⽤法不同:
1)also⽤于肯定句,位置通常位于句中,⽐too更为正式。

例如:
I also go to work by bike.我也骑⾃⾏车上班。

2)too⽤于肯定句且置于句末,其前⽤逗号隔开;在简略答语中too常置于代词的宾格形式之后。

例如:
—Tom likes music and Mary does,too.汤姆喜欢⾳乐,玛丽也喜欢。

—Me,too.我也是。

Jack is a worker,too.Jack也是⼯⼈。

3)either⽤于否定句且置于句末,其前⽤逗号隔开。

例如:
He can’t swim.I can’t swim,either.他不会游泳,我也不会。

(2)either作形容词,意为“任⼀的;两⽅的”。

例如:
The thief was put in the police car with a policeman on either side of him.
窃贼被送到警车上,⾝旁各坐着⼀个警察。

(3)either作代词,意为“任⼀”。

指代两者中的任何⼀个。

例如:
You may take either of the roads.
两条路你随便⾛哪⼀条。

4.manage
manage作动词,意为“管理;设法对付”。

manage to do sth.意为“设法做到某事”。

例如:He managed the company when his father was away.
他⽗亲离开的时候,由他管理公司。

We managed to save the people in the village.
我们设法救了那个村庄的⼈。

【拓展】
辨析:try to do sth.与manage to do sth.
(1)try to do sth.意为“尽⼒做某事”,但是不⼀定做成。

例如:
He tried to get the work done with little help.
他尽量在没有什么帮助的情况下完成⼯作。

(2)manage to do sth.则表⽰“设法做某事⽽且成功了”。

例如:
He managed to pass the examination.=He succeeded in passing the examination.
他成功地通过了考试。

5.must
must作情态动词,意为“必须、⼀定要”,可⽤于肯定句、否定句或疑问句,其后需要接动词原形;但要注意,当must⽤于否定句时,mustn’t的意思不是“不必”,⽽是“⼀定不能”。

例如:
You must finish your homework today.
你必须今天把作业做完。

You mustn’t play with matches.
你绝对不能玩⽕柴。

Must we go right now?
我们⾮要现在就⾛吗?
【拓展】
辨析:must与have to
(1)have to侧重于客观需要,含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意,有多种时态形式;否定式为don’t have to意为“不必”。

例如:
It’s raining.I have to stay at home.正在下⾬,我不得不待在家⾥。

(2)must侧重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要或有义务去做某事;只有现在时⼀种形式(在宾语从句中可以表⽰过去);否定式mustn’t意为“⼀定不要;不允许”。

例如:
You must do your homework first.你必须先做作业。

⼝诀:“主观职责”说“必须”,must赶紧⽤上去;若是“环境”“不得不”,赶紧换⽤have to。

6.success
success作名词,意为“成功”。

表⽰抽象意义的“成功”,是不可数名词;表⽰具体意义的“成功的⼈或事”,则是可数名词。

Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。

His new book was a great success.他新出版的书获得了巨⼤成功。

【拓展】
(1)succeed表⽰“成功”,是不及物动词;succeed后通常接in doing sth.,表⽰做某事做成功了。

例如:
His plan succeeded.他的计划成功了。

At last he succeeded in solving the problem.他终于把那个问题解决了。

She succeeded in(passing)the exam.她考试及格了。

(2)successful作形容词,意为“成功的”。

例如:
The performance was successful.演出很成功。

It was a successful experiment.那是⼀次成功的试验。

7.experience
(1)experience⽤作及物动词,表⽰“体验,经历”等。

例如:
The child had never experienced kindness.
这孩⼦从未受过善待。

Have you ever experienced any jungle life?
你曾经体验过丛林⽣活吗?
【注意】
有时experience的过去分词experienced也⽤作形容词。

Even experienced teachers can make mistakes.
即使有经验的教师也可能犯错误。

(2)experience⽤作不可数名词,表⽰“经验”;⽽表⽰“经历,感受”时,通常是可数名词。

例如:Experience is the best teacher.经验是最好的⽼师。

He has had much experience in this kind of work.
他有丰富的经验做这项⼯作。

Experiences have taught us that chances may be more important than skills.
经历告诉我们机遇可能⽐技能更重要。

8.advice
advice作不可数名词,意为“意见、建议、劝告、忠告”。

例如:
a piece of advice⼀条建议
Let me give you some advice.让我给你⼀些建议。

【拓展】
(1)give advice(on)…意为“给……提(有关……)的建议”。

例如:
Can you give me some advice on how to learn English well?
你能给我⼀些关于如何学好英语的建议吗?
(2)take one’s advice意为“听从某⼈的建议”。

例如:
I’ll take your advice,and do exercise every day.
我会听从你的建议,每天锻炼⾝体。

(3)advise是advice的动词形式,意为“建议”,常⽤于advise sb.to do sth.的结构中。

例如:
He advised me to read English every morning.
他建议我每天早晨读英语。

词汇精练
I.英汉短语互译。

1.be tired out________________
2.fall down/over_________________
3.go to sleep_______________
4.wake up________________
5.the same size as...________________
6.朝……⼤喊________________
7.弄断绳⼦________________
8.从……逃跑________________
9.把我的⼿举到空中________________
10.被绑到地⾯上________________
II.根据句意和⾸字母提⽰完成单词。

1.How amazing!There is a bird on his________(肩上).
2.Waves break helplessly a________the boat.
3.She ran her________(⼿指)through her hair.
4.A________(极⼩的)fishing boat was drifting slowly along.
5.I m________to pull myself up the rocks.
6.He tied the r________around his waist(腰).
7.Elephants are the biggest animals on l________.
8.He________(举起)a heavy stone lion yesterday.
9.Can you speak F_______?I’m going to France next week,and I hope you can teach me.10.Everyone is here,e_______Tom.He is ill today.
III.⽤括号内所给词的适当形式填空。

1.He usually starts________(do)his homework as he arrives home.
2.—Can you show me how________(use)this tool?
—Of course.
3.He tried_______(break)the ropes,but failed.
4.A lot of work should______(finish)today.
5.He continued______(try)and succeeded at last.
6.He can ride a bike as_______(quick)as a bus.
7.I can’t feel_______(something)on my back.
8.The elderly always_______(wake)up early in the morning.
9.I don’t know what______(say)to comfort the sobbing girl.
10.Go______(cross)the bridge,and then you will see the post office.
IV.听⼒链接。

(2015年上海市中考)
Listen and choose the right picture(根据你听到的内容,选出相应的图⽚)
1.__________2.__________3.__________4.__________5.__________6.__________
【参考答案】
I.英汉短语互译。

1.筋疲⼒尽2.摔倒3.⼊睡4.醒来5.和……⼀样⼤⼩
6.shout at7.break the ropes8.run away from9.lift my hand(s)into the air 10.be tied to the ground
II.根据句意和⾸字母提⽰完成单词。

1.shoulder2.against3.fingers4.tiny5.managed
6.rope7.land8.lifted9.French10.except
III.⽤括号内所给词的适当形式填空。

1.to do/doing2.to use3.to break4.be finished5.trying
6.quickly7.anything8.wake9.to say10.across
IV.听⼒链接。

参考答案
1.E2.F3.B4.C5.D6.G
听⼒材料
A.根据你听到的内容,选出相应的图⽚。

1.Vivian made a delicious cheese cake for her dad.
2.George is cycling with his best friend Tony.
3.Will Shanghai Disneyland Park open to the public at the end of this year?
4.It’s wonderful to go camping in the National Park,isn’t it?
5.Joe hurt his foot seriously so he has to stay in bed now.
6.In order to reduce pollution,more and more people prefer to use electric cars.
句式精讲
1.Have you decided what to do with these books,Hobo?
what to do是“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”,在句⼦中作动词decided的宾语。

相当于特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。

例如:I don’t know what to do=I don’t know what I can do next.
我不知道下⼀步做什么。

【拓展】
疑问词what,which,how,where,when等可以和动词不定式连⽤,构成不定式短语。

“疑问词+动词不定式”可以做主语、宾语、表语等。

例如:
When to start off hasn’t been decided yet.什么时候出发还没决定。

(做主语)
The question is which bus to take.问题是乘哪辆公共汽车。

(做表语)
“疑问词+动词不定式”可以由名词从句简化⽽来。

I don’t know what I should say.→I don’t know what to say.
我不知道我该说些什么。

2.I’m interested in history books.
be interested in…结构,意为“对……感兴趣”,后⾯跟名词或动名词作宾语。

例如:
I am very interested in the interesting story.
我对这个有趣的故事很感兴趣。

They are interested in playing computer games.
他们对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。

【拓展】
辨析:interesting与interested
这两个词都是形容词。

interesting表⽰某物本⾝有趣,强调主动,在句⼦中可以作定语、表语,多⽤来修饰物。

interested着重于被动意义,其主语⼀般是⼈。

常做表语,后接介词in,⼀起构成be interested in…结构,意为“对……感兴趣”。

例如:
3.After our ship crashed against the rocks,I swam as far as I could.
as…as one can/could表⽰“尽某⼈所能……”,相当于as…as possible。

例如:
Please come as early as you can.=Please come as early as possible.
请尽可能早来。

Lingling talks to her classmates in English as much as she can.
=Lingling talks to her classmates in English as much as possible.
玲玲尽可能多地⽤英语与同学们交谈。

4.I shouted at them—the loud noise made them all fall over.
make在此处是使役动词,后接省略to的动词不定式,make sb.do sth.意为“使/让某⼈做某事”,类似的动词还有let,have等。

被动语态中,为sb.be made to do sth.,意为“某⼈被迫做某事”。

例如:
They made us forget past.他们使我们忘记了过去。

The boss made him work for15hours a day.
→He was made to work for15hours a day by the boss.
⽼板让他⼀天⼯作15个⼩时。

【拓展】
make作“使……”讲时,还可⽤make+宾语+形容词/名词(作宾补),即make sb./sth. +adj./n.。

类似的词还有keep等。

例如:What he said makes us happy.他所说的话使我们很⾼兴。

Don’t keep the door open.别把门开着。

We made John our monitor.我们选约翰当班长。

5.Sandy is wondering where to ask for help.
wonder作及物动词,意为“想知道;对……感到怀疑”,常见的⽤法有:
(1)后接who,what,why,where等引导的宾语从句。

例如:
I wonder who she is.我想知道她是谁。

She wondered what the child was doing.
她感到疑惑,孩⼦究竟在⼲什么。

I wonder why Ann is late.我想知道安为什么迟到了。

I wonder where they have gone.我想知道他们去哪⼉了。

(2)后接that引导的宾语从句,表⽰“对……感到惊讶”,that常可省去。

例如:
I wonder(that)she has won the race.
我对她赢了⽐赛感到惊讶。

(3)后接if或whether引导的宾语从句,常⽤来表⽰⼀种委婉的请求或疑问。

例如:She wondered whether you were free that morning.
她想知道你那天上午是否有空。

I wonder if he will succeed.
我不知道他会不会成功。

句式精练
I.句型转换,按要求完成下列句⼦。

1.He will stay in Shanghai for about three days.(对划线部分提问)
____________________________he_______in Shanghai?
2.It took him two hours to practise giving a report.(改为同义句)
______________two hours_______giving a report.
3.They have already decided what to eat tonight.(改为否定句)
They______________what to eat tonight_______.
4.I think we can buy the book online.(改为否定句)
I______________we can buy the book online.
5.You should get a CD for your friend.(对划线部分提问)
________________________I____________for my friend?
II.根据汉语提⽰,完成句⼦。

1.我们还没决定去哪⾥度假。

We haven’t decided__________________for a holiday.
2.作为年轻⼈,我们应该知道做什么。

As young men,we should know__________________.
3.鲁迅的书被译成多种语⾔。

The books written by Lu Xun has__________________many languages.
4.⼀家⼩型出版社对我的书感兴趣。

A small publishing house____________in my books.
5.我经常向我的⽼师们寻求关于读书的建议。

I often______________________________about reading books.
6.这时候,我已经筋疲⼒尽了。

I was________________the time.
7.这个极⼩的⼈和我的⼩⼿指⼀样⼤⼩!
The____________was________________________my little finger!
8.快下⾬了。

⼤群的蚂蚁在搬运⾷物。

It’s going to rain.__________________________ants are carrying food.
9.我逮住了三只耗⼦,但有⼀只逃脱了。

I caught three______,but one of them____________.
10.随着时间流逝,天⽓变得更糟。

______time went on,the weather____________.
III.语法专练:⽤所给词的适当形式填空。

1.Can you tell me how_______(get)to the bus station?
2.I don’t know which______(choose).They’re both beautiful.
3.No one taught him to dance;he taught______(he).
4.Teachers and parents ask us______(not play)computer games too much.
5.It’s necessary______(feed)your pet three times a day.
IV.补全对话。

(2015年河南省中考英语样卷)
根据下⾯的对话情景,在每个空⽩处填上⼀个适当的句⼦,使对话的意思连贯、完整。

A:Hi,Mike.
B:Hi,Maggie.
A:1._________________________?
B:I am reading a novel called The Ordinary World.
A:2._________________________?
B:A famous Chinese writer called Lu Yao.
A:3._________________________?
B:It came out in1986for the first time.
A:4._________________________?
B:It’s mainly about Chinese people's social life in the city and the countryside from the1970s to the1980s. A:5._________________________?
B:I think it is very educational.
【参考答案】
I.句型转换,按要求完成下列句⼦。

1.How much time will;stay
2.He spent;practising
3.haven’t decided;yet
4.don’t think
5.What should;get
II.根据汉语提⽰,完成句⼦。

1.where to go
2.what to do
3.been translated into
4.shows/showed interest或was/is interested
5.ask my teachers for advice
6.tired out at
7.tiny man;the same size as
8.A huge army of
9.mice;got/ran away
10.As;got worse
III.语法专练:⽤所给词的适当形式填空。

1.to get2.to choose3.himself4.not to play5.to feed IV.补全对话。

1.What are you doing?
2.Who is the writer of the novel/Who wrote the novel?
3.When did it come out?
4.What is it mainly about?
5.What do you think of it?。

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