被动语态专讲

动词的被动语态
一、被动语态的构成及其用法
（一）被动语态的构成
1。

被动语态的基本结构为：be + 动词过去分词
二、主动语态和被动语态的转换
（一）主动语态变被动语态
1. 要将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句中的主语成分，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变为主格。

2。

把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变为宾格，并由by引导.
3。

谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。

We asked him to sing an English song。

He was asked to sing an English song by us.
(二）带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态
谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,也可将直接宾语转化成主语。

若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化为主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。

She gave me a book.（变为被动语态）
I was given a book.（间接宾语改为主语)
A book was given to me。

（直接宾语a book改为主语）
（三) 短语动词变为被动语态
许多由不及物动词构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。

注意：短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词.
We should take good care of the children. （变为被动语态）
The children should be taken good care of.（of不可省略)
(四）带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态
宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。

变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处,成为主语补足语.
I saw some boys playing football on the playground。

（变为被动语态）
Some boys were seen playing football in the playground。

（五）被动语态后动词形式的选择
主动句中的感官动词see， hear, watch， feel, notice 等以及使役动词let,make， have等，动词后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to。

The boss made the workers work twelve hours a day.（变为被动语态）
The workers were made to work twelve hours a day by the boss.
We often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening.（变为被动语态)
The girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening.
［题组训练］根据句意完成句子
1.This watch _is made _____ in China。

这块手表是中国制造的。

2.More trees must _be planted_____ every year.每年必须种许多树。

3。

Chinese __is spoken____ by more and more poeple in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语.
4。

Many houses __were washed__away in the flood.在洪水中许多房子被冲掉了。

混点清单
被动语态的一些特殊的运用形式
一、主动结构表示被动意义
1。

open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, ut， wash， burn， drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表示被动意义。

This kind of pen writes very smoothly。

这种比写起来很流畅。

This kind of shirts sells well here。

这种式样的衬衫在这里很好卖.
2. look， sound, taste, smell等系动词用主动结果表示被动意义。

School Uniforms look good on us。

我们穿着校服很好看.
The cake smells delicious。

那个蛋糕闻起来很香。

3. be worth doing中,doing表示被动意义。

This film is worth seeing。

这部电影值得一看.
4。

want / need / require + doing相当于want / need/ require + to be done.to be done表示不定式的被动结构。

My bike needs repairing。

= My bike needs to be repaired.
我的自行车需要修理。

二、不用被动语态的情况
1。

主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时，不能用于被动语态。

The man introduced himself as Mr。

White.(主动语态）
那个人自我介绍说他是怀特先生.
Himself was introduced as Mr. White。

(误)
They help each other study English。

（主动语态)
他们互相帮助学习英语.
Each other is helped to study English。

(误）
2. 当主动句的谓语动词是表示状态的及物动词时，不能用于被动语态。

We will have a meeting。

（主动语态）
我们打算开一个会议。

A meeting will be had by us。

(误)
3。

主动句的宾语是不定式或doing时，不能用作被动语态的主语.
My mother enjoys watching TV.（主动语态）
我妈妈喜欢看电视。

Watching TV is enjoyed by my mother。

(误）
He asked to have a try。

（主动语态）
他请求试一下.
To have a try was asked.(误）
例题
1。

The flowers were so lovely that they ____C_ in no time.
A。

sold B。

had been sold
C。

were sold D. would sell
2. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture， but when and where __A___ yet。

A。

hasn’t been decided
B。

haven’t decided
C. isn't being decided
D。

aren’t decided
3. It is said that the early European playing—cards __B____ for entertainment and education。

A。

were being designed B。

were designed
C. have been designed
D. have designed
4. Although the causes of cancer __A____, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it. A。

are being uncovered
B。

have been uncovering
C. are uncovering
D. have uncovered
5。

Millions of pounds’ worth of damage __A____ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night。

A。

has been caused B. had been caused
C。

will be caused
D. will have been caused
6. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which __B____ the Pacific, and we met no storms。

A. was called B。

is called
C。

had been called D. has been called
7. The moment the 28th Olympic Games __D____ open, the whole world cheered.
A. declared
B. have been declared
C. have declared
D. were declared
8。

—Why did you leave that position？
—I ___D___ a better position at IBM.
A. offer B。

offered
C. am offered D。

was offered
9。

—George and Lucy got married last week。

Did you go to their wedding?
—No, I __C____. Did they have a big wedding?
A. was not invited
B. have not been invited
C. hadn't been invited D。

didn’t invite
10。

The hero’s story ___A___ differently in the news－papers. A. was reported B. was reporting
C. reports
D. reported
11。

I hear that the meeting __C____ till tomorrow。

A。

was put off B。

will put off
C. has been put off
D. is put off
12. —I saw David in the supermarket this morning。

—Really？ He __D___ around here for a long time。

A. won't be seen
B. wasn’t seen
C. hasn't been seen
D. hadn’t been se en
13。

-It is said that Beijing Olympic tickets can __C___ online from April， 2007。

—Yes, and I am sure the 110-meter hurdles tickets will _____ well.
A. be booked; be sold B。

book； be sold
C. be booked; sell
D. book; sell
14. It is reported that the old coins __B___ under the earth for about 500 years by the time they were discovered.
A. had buried B。

had been buried
C。

buried D. were buried
15. People say that the repair of the old temple ___C__ by 2008.
A. has completed
B. has been completed
C. will have been completed D。

is completed
参考答案
1-5 CABAA 6—10 BDDCA 11—15 CDCBC。