环境工程专业英语第四章_unit4

In fact, the ability to obtain an authentic sample is probably one of the most difficult aspects of any environmental analysis due to the considerable complexity and heterogeneity of most environmental systems.

这是因为对零浓度的含义存在很大的不确定性。事 实上，通常对所讨论的物质不能说（认为）连一个 原子或一个分子都不存在，所以不存在真正 的零 浓度。

In reporting an environmental analysis it is also necessary to specify the precision and accuracy associated with the measurements.

The overall objective of environmental analysis is to obtain information about both natural and pollutant species present in the environment so as to make a realistic assessment of their probable behavior. 环境分析的总体目标是为了获得环境中存在的自然 物和污染物的相关信息，以便对它们可能的行为做 出真实的评估.

This system may involve either the natural or the polluted environment, although the term “environmental analysis” is increasingly used to refer only to situations in which measurements are made of pollutants. 这一系统不仅包括自然环境也包括受污染环境，但是 环境分析一词越来越专指对污染物测定的情况，


The effects of pollutants on materials, especially
building materials, may be another area of concern and
one which is often very visible and displeasing (for



Normally, four types of measurements are made: qualitative analysis to identify the species present; quantitative analysis to determine how much of the species is present; speciation or characterization to establish details of chemical form and the manner in which the pollutant is actually present (such as being adsorbed onto the surface of a particle): and impact analysis in which measurements are made for the specific purpose of determining the extent to which an environmental impact is produced by the pollutants in question. 通常，进行四种类型的(分析)测定 ：定性分析，确定污染 物存在的种类；定量分析，以确定各种污染物的量有多少 ； 种类或特征分析，确定该污染物的化学形态和实际存在的 方式（例如被吸附在颗粒的表面）的详细情况；而进行影 响分析的确切目的是为了确定所讨论的污染物产生的环境 影响的程度。

为了对环境分析的常规领域进行恰当的说明，该领域 可从三个方面进行考虑：通常情况下选择分析方法及 其原因的基本概念；通常可采用的技术和方法；环境 分析能力的现状。
Whatever the information being sought, it is vitally important to obtain an authentic sample （which represents the particular system being investigated.) 注意句子中分词结构的广泛采用。 authenticity n.真实性 可靠性 authentic adj. 真实的,可靠的 无论是想获得哪方面信息，获得可靠的样品（真实 的试样）是极其重要的，因为它代表了所要调查的 特定体系。
许多环境测定中包括对在不同体系或相同体系而不同条 件下（温度，时间，污染物浓度等）所得结果的对比， 所以有必要确定两个不同的数据是否实际上表示（它们） 只是在不同条件下测得的。


State of matter. In making an environmental analysis it is necessary to designate the physical form of the species being.
example, the defacing of ancient statues by sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere).

污染物对材料特别是建筑材料的影响是另一个受关注
的方面，这种影响是很明显的并且令人不愉快的（例
如大气中的二氧化硫破坏古代雕像）。

Finally, it is important to recognize that an
environmental impact may not always be discernible by
normal human perception so that detection may require
sophisticated chemical or physical analyses.
Text

Environmental analysis involves the performance of chemical, physical, and biological measurements in an environmental system.
环境分析包括在环境系统中进行的物理、化学和 生物测定。

This is because considerable confusion exists about the meaning of a “zero” level of concentration. In fact, it is probably never possible to state that none of the atoms or molecules of the species in question are present so that no true zero exists.

最后，我们应该认识到环境影响不可能全部会被一般 人的感知能力识别到，认识到这一点很重要，因此需 要采用高级化学或物理分析方法来测定。

In order to provide a meaningful description of the general field of environmental analysis, this field may be considered from three point of view: the basic concepts underlying the reasons for and choice of the analysis which are normally performed; the available techniques and methodology[ˌmɛθəˈdɑlədʒi] commonly used; and the current status of capabilities in environmental analysis.
Heterogeneity,非均匀性 homogeneity 均匀性

实际上，由于许多环境体系是相当复杂的并且往往 不均匀，获得一个可靠样品大概是所有环境分析最 困难的工作之一。

A statement of the detection limits which can be attained by the analytical method being employed must always be included in providing the results of any environmental analysis. 任何环境分析结果中必须包括对所采用的分析方法 获得的检测限的说明。
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For example，certain organic gases can exist either as gases or adsorbed onto the surface of solid particles, and the analytical procedures employed for determination of each form are quite different. 例如，某些有机气体既可以以气态存在也可以吸附 到固体颗粒表面，而用来测定其每一形态的分析方 法是完全不同的。
环境科学与工程专业英语
Specialized English for environmental science and engineering
化学化工学院
贺薇
PART 1 INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Unit 4
Environmental Analysis

在报告一个环境分析结果时也需要明确提出测量相 关的精确度和准确性。

Thus, many environmental measurements involve comparison of results obtained in different systems or under different conditions (of temperature, time, pollutant concentration, and so on) in the same system so that it is necessary to establish whether two numbers which are different are in fact indicative of different conditions.
Environmental analysis is the use of analytical chemistry and other techniques to study the environment. The purpose of this is commonly to monitor and study levels of pollutants in the atmosphere, rivers and other specific settings.[1]

在进行环境分析时有必要清楚的指出要测定的物质 的物理形态。

Most simply, this involves the actual state of matter in which the species exists (whether it is solid, liquid, or gas) since many species (both inorganic and organic) may exist concurrently in different states. 简单的说，这包括该物质存在的实际形态（是固态， 液态还是气态），因为许多物质（无论是有机的还 是无机的）可以同时以不同的形态存在。