河北科技大学外国语言文学专业日语考研真题试题2019年
2019年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题 (3)
2019年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题Part II. Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)21. In the beginning, the meaning of life might be debated, but once past the first period, many of the conversations follow a well-worn route from one topic to the next and back again and take in most of human life.A acceptB understandC supportD include22. The applicant was so choked with excitement at the acceptance notification that he could hardly bring out a goodbye.A blow outB give outC get away withD come out with23. Science education has an important role to play in this reorientation toward fostering creative scientists.A reformingB yieldingC breedingD conceiving.24. Once a proposal goes into place, it’s next to impossible to reverse it.A overthrowB enhanceC implementD provoke.25. A punctual person always deals with something properly when it has to be attended to.A participated inB seen toC concentrated onD involved in26. The majority of these graduate students have but one aspiration ---- to be top economists.A inspirationB ambitionC requestD acquisition27. She is found immersed in her studies almost every time I call at her room.A absorbed inB submerged inC saturated withD agonized by28. The latest evidence suggests that the possibility of recurrence of the bird flu has been eliminated.A given outB ruled outC written outD turned out29. We are obliged to the teaching staff here for their academic guidance and profound influence.A committedB compelledC gratefulD respectful30. Humans has the ability to modify the environment and subject other forms of life to their peculiar ideas and fancies.A novelB particularC arbitraryD fantasticSection B ( 0.5 point each)31. These ____ salesperson of insurance will be introduced to relevant regulations and business strategies.A prospectiveB perspectiveC respectiveD protective32. Skin, being sturdy and _____and well supplied with blood, tolerates injury well and recovers quickly.A flexibleB looseC elasticD resourceful33. Since teacher behaviour is ____ for public display, teachers must be cautious in their personal lives.A held up =exhibit, display,B used upC kept upD dressed up34. The concept of personal choice ____ health behaviours is an important one.A in face ofB in case ofC in relation toD in charge of35. The so-called “brain drain” refers to the fact people carry ing heavy responsibilities become disillusioned and end up by ____.A immigratingB migratingC integratingD emigrating36. As fulfillment seldom ____to anticipation, there is no need to feel upset.A amountsB correspondsC addsD contributes.37. The technique provides more detailed information about subtle differences in gene activity ___with cancer-causing pathways.A coupledB stainedC associatedD integrated38. It was by no means easy to work for a president who demanded security beyond what was really ____A called forB called forthC called upD called at39. The display of goods needs to be ___with the store’s atmosphere.A persistentB existentC insistentD consistent40. These Christians often ask themselves what they have to do to live an ____life.A externalB originalC eternalD optimalPart II. Cloze Test ( 10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)The chicken is probably the most populous bird on earth. According to 41 , there are over 13 billion chicken ! And its meat is to popular that more than 73 billion pounds of it are consumed each year. 42 , hens produce some 600 billion eggs a year worldwide.The chicken is a descendant of the red jungle fowl of Asia. Man soon discovered that the chicken could be domesticated easily. But it was 43 the 19th century that mass production of chickens and eggs became a commercial 44 .Today chicken is 45 the most popular poultry meat. Chickens are raised by millions of households for domestic and commercial use.Advanced scientific methods of breeding and raising have made chicken production one of the most successful agricultural industries. Modern techniques now make 46 possible for just one person to care for from 25, 000 to 50,000 chickens. It takes the birds only three months to reach market weight. Many people 47 these mass-production techniques as cruel. But that has not stopped farmers from developing increasingly efficient ways of breeding these birds. Many of the birds raised by such methods are easily to die off---- some as 48 of the deadly disease ----the bird flu. Many farmers have neither the 49 nor the means to feed their chickens adequately, to provide proper housing for them, or to protect them from diseases. 50 this reason programs have been started by the United Nations to help educate farmers in many countries.41. A estimates B evaluations C judges D legislations42. A Surprisingly B Essentially C Additionally D Generally43. A up till B rather than C out of D not until44. A investment B venture C administration D adventure45. A by far B by and by C for good D for all46. A that B those C them D it47. A conceal B condemn C commence D command48. A witnesses B sacrifices C donations D victims49. A know-how B how-so C in-the-know D how-come50. A Because of B Due to C For D AsPart IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points 1 point each)Passage OneOf all the accessories and adornments to clothes, one perhaps pays least of all attention to buttons. Functional and often unexciting, replaced by zip fasteners or hood and eyes, there is, one would think, nothing much to be said about the humble button.Yet it is very probable that buttons started life as ornaments; certainly it is not known that they had any practical function until the 13th century. By the 14th century buttons were once again ornamental, often wastefully so, to such an extent that it was by no means uncommon for a person of wealth and consequence to have as many as 300 buttons on a single article of dress. Unimaginable as it seems today, sewing superfluous buttons on cloths became a craze---- not one that seems harmful to us though some Italians took a different view and a law against buttons was enforced in Florence. No buttons were to be worn on the upper arms; penalty for disobedience---- a sound whipping. How often this had to be carried out, history does not relate!Most of the buttons on modern clothes which could be called decorative once did in fact serve a useful purpose. Buttons on boots are one good example. Sleeve buttons on men’s coats are a reminder of the days when the fashion was for wearing shirts with frilly lace cuffs.On the tails of a modern tail coat there are indeed buttons which are purely ornamental but in earlier dayshorsemen used these buttons to keep the tails out of harm’s way.With regard to the side on which clothes are buttoned, originally both male and female dress was buttoned on the left hand side. Change came when men had to have access to their swords.So perhaps it is worth taking a look at buttons.51. Which of the following statements is true regarding buttons?A They have little function.B They are the only useful accessory.C They receive the least attention among accessories.D They are one of the best adornments to any clothes.52. According to the author, ____A buttons are used as ornaments only in modern times.B buttons have been used as ornaments since the 14th century.C buttons were used as ornaments before the 13th century.D buttons have been used as ornaments on and off throughout the history.53. It is implied that in the 14th century buttons ________A were a symbol of wealth.B were occasionally put on clothes.C began to have practical functions.D represented the wearer’s artistic taste54. In Florence, a city in Italy, buttons were once ___A loved by every citizen .B banned because they were a craze.C considered harmful and nobody wore them.D forbidden on the upper arms.55. It seems to the author that buttons ____A are worth a second look.B have never served any functionC should not be sewed on coats.D play an important role in our lives.56. Male and female dress is now buttoned __________A on the right sideB on the left sideC on different sides C on the same sides.Passage TwoBehind most of the bad things we do to our bodies as adults, eating more than we should is the idea we carry with us from childhood. On the one hand, we assume that we are indestructible. On the other, we think that any damage we impose on ourselves can be undone when finally clean up our act.If the evidence for how wrong the first idea is isn’t apparent when you stand naked in front of the mirror, just wait. But what if you eat right and drop all your bad habits? Is there still time to repair the damage?To a surprising degree, the answer is yes. Over the past five years, scientists have accumulated a wealth of data about what happens when aging people with bad habits decide to turn their lives around. The heartening conclusion: the body has an amazing ability to heal itself,provided the damage is not too great.The effects of some bad habits ---smoking, in particular---can haunt you for decades. But the damage from other habits can be largely healed.“Any time you improve your behaviour and make lifestyle changes, they make a difference from that point on,” says Dr. Jeffrey Koplan. “Maybe not right away. It’s like slamming on the brakes. You do need a certain distance. “But the distance can be remarkably short. Consider the recent announcements from the front lines of medical research:---- A study concluded that women who consume a s little as two servings of fish a week cut their risk of suffering a stroke to half that women who eat less than one serving of fish a month.---- The day you quit smoking, the carbon monoxide levels in your body drop dramatically. Within weeks, your blood becomes less sticky and your risk of dying from a heart attack starts to decline.Adopting healthy habits won’t cure all that bothers you, of course. But doctors believe that many chronic diseases ----from high blood pressure to heart disease and even some cancers---- can be warded off with a few sensible changes in lifestyle.N ot sure where to start? Surprisingly, it doesn’t matter, since one positive change usually leads to another. Make en ough changes, and you’ll discover you’ve adopted a new way of life.57. Most people with bad habits of eating more than they should believe that ____A they can never change the habits that have haunted them for decades.B their bodies can’t be damaged by the bad habits.C their bodies can heal all the damage without the help from outside.D they can force themselves to clean up the bad habits later.58. The evidence to disapprove the assumption that we are indestructible ____A is seldom apparent .B is clearly shown in the mirror.C will appear obvious sooner or later.D is still a question.59. According to the passage the human body can heal the damage caused by bad habits _______A when the damage is not very serious.B no matter how serious the damage is.C after we have dropped our bad habits.D much more slowly than we think.60. According to the recent announcements, ____A women should eat as much fish as possible.B women are at a higher risk of suffering a stroke than men.C eating a little more f ish can improve women’s health.D men don’t have to eat as much fish as women.61. It is implied in the passage that _____A smokers have lower levels of carbon monoxide than non-smokers.B the blood of smokers is more sticky than that of non-smokers.C smokers will be unlikely to die from heart attack if they quit smoking.D chronic diseases can be cured if we drop our habit of smoking.62. In the last paragraph the author tells us _____A when we should start quitting our bad habits.B it doesn’t matter how we start quitting our bad habits.C that making enough changes will make doctors unnecessary to us.D it’s never too late to start making sensible changes in our lifestyle.Passage ThreeOur true challenge today is not debts and deficits or global competition but the need to find a way to live rich, fulfilling lives without destroying the planet’s biosphere, which supports all life. Humanity has never before faced such a threat: the collapse of the very elements that keep us alive.An apple is an easy thing to take for granted. If you live where apples grow in abundance, you might assume that they are readily available and, better yet, that you may pick from a wide variety. But do you know that there are far fewer types to choose from today than there were 100 years ago?Between the years 1804 and 1905, there were 7,098 varieties of apples grown in the United States. Today 6,121 of those are extinct. But does diversity really matter?In the 1840’s, Ireland’s population exceeded eight million, making it the most densely populated country in Europe. Potatoes were its dietary mainstay, and a single variety called lumpers was the most widely grown.In 1845 the farmers planted their lumpers as usual, but a plant disease known as blight struck and wiped out almost the entire crop. “Most of Ireland survived that difficult year,” wrote Paul Raeburn in his book The Last Harvest ----The Genetic Gamble That Threatens to Destroy American Agriculture. “The devas tation came the next year. Farmers has no choice but to plant the same potatoes again. They had no other varieties. The blight struck again, this time with overwhelming force. The suffering was indescribable.” Historians estimate that up to 1 million people died of starvation, while another 1.5 million emigrated, most to the United States. Those remaining suffered from crushing poverty.In the Andes of South America, farmers grew many varieties of potatoes, and only a few were affected by blight. Hence, there was no epidemic. Clearly, diversity of species and diversity within species provide protection. The growing of just one uniform crop runs counter to this basic survival strategy and leaves plants exposed to diseaseor pests, which can destroy an enti re regions’ harvest. That is why many farmers depend so heavily on the frequent use of pesticides , even though such chemicals are often environmentally hazardous.Why do farmers replace their many folk varieties with one uniform crop? Usually in response to economic pressures. Planting uniform crops promises ease of harvesting, attractiveness of the product, resistance to go bad, and high productivity. But theses trends may be destroying man’s own food supply.63. The main idea of the passage is __________A It is important to protect the earth’s bio-diversity.B man is destroying his own food supply.C we now have fewer bio-species than before.D numerous strains of plants can resist plagues.64. With regard to the variety of apples in the United States ___________A it is the fewest in variety in terms of plant family.B over 80% of its varieties have been destroyed.C we have done our best to protect it.D it is as wide as it was 100 years ago.65. The author tells the sto ry in Ireland in the 1840’s to show that _________A farmers should grow as many varieties of potatoes as in South America.B potatoes should not be grown as a dietary mainstay.C lumpers were not a choice variety of potatoes.D bio-diversity is essential to life on earth.66. The uniform crop of lumpers in Ireland in the 1840’s__________A caused blight to strike Ireland repeatedly.B caused Ireland’s population to decline by half.C destroyed the whole Irish agricultural tradition.D se riously devastated Ireland’s economy.67. Diversity of species and diversity within species can help plants_________A ward off some disastrous diseases and pests.B resist natural disasters such as droughts.C withstand the harmful effect of pesticides.D yield bumper harvests.68. Which of the following is NOT the reason that farmers replace their folk varieties with one uniform crop?A They want to make more money.B They want to have a higher output.C They want to prevent the destruction of human food.D They want to make their products more attractive. Passage FourIt is a well-documented fact that women still live longer than men. A 1998 study by Harvard Medical School geriatrician Thomas Perls offers two reasons: one is the evolutionary drive to pass on her genes; the other is the need to stay healthy enough to rear as many children as possible. A man’s purpose is simply to carry genes that ensure longevity and pass them on to his children.Okay, so that’s the legacy of our cave-dweller past. But what is it about a man’s lifestyle that reduces his longevity? As action moviemakers know all too well , men are supercharged with testosterone. Aside from forcing us to watch frenzied movies like The Matrix Reloaded, the testes-produced hormone also triggers riskier behavior and aggression, and increases levels of harmful cholesterol, raising the risk of heart disease of stroke. Meanwhile, the female hormone chops harmful cholesterol and raises “good” cholesterol.As Perls’s study points out: “Between ages 15 and 24, men are four to five times more likely to die than women. This time frame coincides with the onset of puberty and an increase in reckless and violent behavior in males. Researchers refer to it as a ‘testosterone storm.’ Most deaths in this male group come from motor vehicle accidents, followed by homicide, suicide….and drownings.”While all this jumping from tall buildings may result in some accidental death, it still doesn’t account for the onset of fatal illnesses at an earlier age. Statistically, men are crippled more quickly by illnesses like heart disease, stroke and cancer. A Singapore study found that while men were diagnosed with chronic illness two years earlier than women, women were also disabled by their illnesses four years later. Men more often engage in riskier habits like drinking alcohol and using recreational drugs, as well as eating to excess. And the stereotype about men being adverse to seeing a doctor on a regular basis? Studies have shown its’ t rue.If your goal is to become the first 100-year-old man on your family tree, there are some things you can do to boost your odds. One is to examine what centenarians are doing right. According to the ongoing New EnglandCentenarian Study, the largest comprehensive study of centenarians in the world, they can fend off or even escape age-associated diseases like heart attack, stroke, canc er, diabetes and Alzheimer’s. Ninety percent of those studied were functionally independent for the vast majority of their lives up until the age of 92 , and 75% were just as autonomous at an average age of 95. “Centenarians disprove the perception that ‘the older you get, the sicker you get.’ Centenarians teach us that the older you get, the healthier you’ve been.”69. This passage mainly discusses ________A why women lead a healthier life than men.B how women can live longer and stay healthy.C what keeps men from enjoying a longer life span.D whether men’s life style lead s to their early death.70. According to Thomas Perls, which of the following is a major factor contributing to the relative longevity of women over men?A Their natural urge to remain healthy.B Their greater natural drive to pass on genes.C Their need to bear healthy offspring.D Their desire to have more children.71. The author mentions “the legacy of our cave-dweller past” to __________A support the argument about women’s role in rearing children.B summarize a possible cause of different life expectancies.C challenge the the ory about our ancestor’s behaviour patterns.D illustrate the history of human evolution process.72. According to the passage, testosterone is a hormone that _______A increases as men grow older.B reduces risk factors in male behaviour.C leads to aggressive behaviour and heart disease.D accounts for women’s dislike for violent films.73. Compared with women, men as a whole ____.A suffer from depression more often.B suffer from diseases later than women.C are reluctant to have physical checkups.D are not affected by violent movies.74. Centenarians refer to people who ____A live longer than females.B live at the turn of the century.C are extremely independent.D are a hundred years or older.Passage FiveLast year, Curt Dunnam bought a Chevrolet Blazer with one of the most popular new features in high-end cars: the Onstar personal security system.The heavily advertised communications and tracking feature is used nationwide by more than two million drivers, who simply push a button to connect, via a built-in cell-phone, to a member of the Onstar staff. A Global Positioning System, or G.P.S., helps the employee give verbal directions to the driver or locate the car after an accident. The company can even send a signal to unlock car doors for locked-out owners, or honk the horn to help people find their cars in an endless plain of parking spaces. The biggest selling point for the system is its use in frustrating car thieves. Once an owner reports to the police that a car has been stolen, the company can track it to help arrest the thieves, a service it performs about 400 times each month.But for Mr. Dunnam, the more he learned about his car’s security features, the less secure he felt. He has enough technical knowledge to worry that someone else---- law enforcement officers, or hackers----could listen in one his phone calls, or gain control over his automotive systems without his knowledge or consent. “While I don’t believe G.M. intentionally designed this syste m to facilitate such activities, they sure have made it easy,” he said. Mr. Dunnam said he had become even more concerned because of a federal appeals court case involving a criminal investigation, in which federal authorities had demanded that a company attach a wiretap to tracking services like those installed in his car. The suit did not reveal which company was involved. A three-judge panel in San Francisco rejected the request, but not on privacy grounds; the panel said the wiretap would interfere with the operation of the safety services. Onstar has said that its equipment was not involved in that case. An Onstar spokeswoman, Geri Lama, suggested that Mr. Dunnam’s worries were overblown. The signals that the companysends to unlock car doors or track location-based information can be triggered only with a secure exchange of specific identifying data, which ought to hinder all but the most determined hackers, she said.75. The most important feature of Onstar advertised by the company is that it can ____A help people find their cars in the big parking lot.B giver verbal direction to drivers lost in unfamiliar areas.C open car doors for owners unable to find their car keys.D make it difficult for thieves to get away with stolen cars.76. We can conclude from the passage that Onstar is ______A too complicated to use especially for new drivers.B not as usual and effective as the company claims.C popularly used among the more expensive cars.D not widely used in the country except in a few states.77. Mr. Dunnam felt dissatisfied with OnStar because _______A his personal information might be revealed.B his demand for better services was rejected.C OnStar posed potential danger to driving safety.D OnStar had been developed mainly to facilitate police work.78. The three-judge panel rejected the request of the federal authorities because _____A it was in violation of individual privacy.B it was against the Constitution of the nation.C the wiretap might affect the safety of personal data.D the wiretap might reduce the efficiency of the system.79. OnStar spokeswoman suggested that Mr. Dunnam’s worries ___________A exaggerated the problems that might occur.B represented reasonable concerns of customers.C presented problems for them to solve.D made sense due to the existence of hackers.80. The passage is mainly written to _______A promote the brand and sale of OnStar.B pint out the worries caused by OnStar.C introduce the new features of OnStar.D show the future trend represented by OnStar .Paper TwoPart V Translation (30 minutes, 20 points )Section A (15minutes, 10 points )As a branch of cognitive science, linguistics has undergone systematic inquiry and elaboration in terms of language acquisition and classification.When it comes to language learning, the spelling of Chinese characters is notoriously difficult to Westerners, who are often left puzzled about numerous strokes. In China, the myth remains that maximum efficiency can be achieved by exposing young children to native speakers as early as possible. However, a more profound insight into the process of language acquisition wo n’t be gained until studies of the brain have developed to the point where the function of each part of the brain is brought to light. The eagerness to make children proficient in English on the part of parents in China is open to question.Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)计算机被认为是有史以来对人类生活影响最大的发明。
2019考研英语真题参考答案完整版
2019考研英语真题参考答案完整版Section I: Reading ComprehensionPart A1. D2. C3. B4. A5. B6. D7. C8. A9. D 10. CPart B11. B 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. C 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. DSection II: Use of EnglishPart A21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. D31. C 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. D 36. A 37. C 38. D 39. A 40. BPart B41. interprets 42. considered 43. enhance 44. authorities 45. complex 46. hypothetical 47. obtained 48. influence 49. abstract 50. breakthrough Section III: Listening ComprehensionPart A51. B 52. C 53. B 54. C 55. A56. B 57. A 58. C 59. A 60. CPart B61. D 62. B 63. A 64. C 65. D66. A 67. C 68. B 69. D 70. ASection IV: TranslationPart A71. The key to a successful career is continuous learning and self-improvement.Part B72. I will stay up late to finish this project, only if it is absolutely necessary.Section V: WritingPrompt: Discuss the impact of global warming on the environment and propose possible solutions.Global Warming: Impacts and SolutionsIntroduction:In recent years, the issue of global warming has become a major concern for both scientists and the general public. This essay explores the impacts of global warming on the environment and offers possible solutions to tackle this complex problem.Impacts of Global Warming:1. Rising temperatures: Global warming has resulted in a significant increase in average temperatures worldwide. This has led to the melting of glaciers and polar ice caps, threatening the habitat of many species and leading to rising sea levels.2. Extreme weather events: The frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves, have been observed to increase due to global warming. These events have devastating consequences for both human beings and ecosystems.3. Disruption of ecosystems: Global warming has disrupted ecosystems by altering temperature and rainfall patterns, causing shifts in habitats and loss of biodiversity. This can lead to the extinction of vulnerable species and affect the overall balance of ecosystems.Possible Solutions:1. Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions: Implementing stricter regulations and policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is crucial. This can be achieved through promoting renewable energy sources, encouraging energy efficiency, and adopting cleaner transportation methods.2. Afforestation and reforestation: Planting trees and restoring forests is an effective way to mitigate global warming. Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, acting as natural carbon sinks. Additionally, forests help regulate local temperatures and support diverse ecosystems.3. Public awareness and education: Educating the public about the impacts of global warming and the importance of sustainable living is essential. This can be done through educational programs, campaigns, and media platforms to raise awareness and promote responsible environmental practices.4. International cooperation: Addressing global warming requires international collaboration. Countries must come together to shareknowledge, resources, and technologies in order to develop innovative solutions and implement effective measures on a global scale.Conclusion:In conclusion, global warming poses significant threats to the environment, including rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and ecosystem disruption. However, by implementing solutions such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, afforestation, raising public awareness, and fostering international cooperation, we can mitigate the impacts of global warming and move towards a more sustainable future for our planet.总结 (Conclusion):在这篇文章中，我们讨论了全球变暖对环境的影响，并提出了可能的解决方案。
外国文学史2019年4月自学考试试题+答案
2019年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试外国文学史(课程代码00540)第一部分选择题一、单项选择题:本大题共26小题,每小题1分,共26分。
在每小题列出的备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的,请将其选出1、希腊神话中的太阳神是A.宙斯B.阿波罗C.雅典娜D.波塞冬2.古罗马神话诗《变形记》的作者A.埃斯库罗斯B.奥维德C.索福克勒斯D.维吉尔3.中世纪欧洲占统治地位的正统文学是A.教会文学B.骑士文学C.英雄史诗D.城市文学4.《巨人传》的作者拉伯雷是A.意大利人B.德国人C.古罗马人D.法国人5.乔叟的代表作是A.《十日谈》B.《坎特伯雷故事集》C.《堂吉诃德》D.《浮士德博士的悲剧》6.17世纪英国作家班扬的代表作是A.《复乐园》B.《力士参孙》C.《失乐园》D.《天路历程》7.莫里哀的喜剧《伪君子》的中心人物是A.答丢夫B.奥尔贡C.桃丽娜D.阿巴贡8.法国“百科全书派”的领袖是A.卢梭B.狄德罗C.伏尔泰D.福楼拜9.被称为“德国第一部有政治倾向性的戏剧”是A．《威廉·退尔》 B.《爱米丽亚·伽洛提》C.《阴谋与爱情》D.《华伦斯坦》10.“湖畔派”的代表作是A.《抒情歌摇集》B.《基督教真谛》C.《基督山伯爵》D.《希腊古瓮颂》11.被誉为“俄国文学之父”的作家是A.拜伦B.普希金C.海涅D.雨果12.《高老头》中的青年野心家典型是A.于连B.吕西安C.拉斯蒂涅D.纽沁根13.《红字》的作者霍桑是A.英国人B.法国人C.美国人D.德国人14.俄国“自然派”的奠基作是A.《死魂灵》B.《谁之罪?》C.《罪与罚》D.《怎么办?》15.《双城记》中塑造的革命群众的代表是A.露茜B.得伐石太太C.卡尔登D.普洛斯16.长篇小说《萌芽》的作者左拉是A.唯美主义作家B.浪漫主义作家C.自然主义作家D.现实主义作家17.菲茨杰拉德的代表作是A.《美国的悲剧》B.《了不起的盖茨比》C.《愤怒的葡萄》D.《麦田里的守望者》18.高尔基《母亲》中的女主人公是A.达吉亚娜B.索尼娅C.阿克西妮亚D.尼洛夫娜19.爱尔兰作家詹姆斯·乔伊斯是A.意识流小说家B.表现主义作家C.荒诞派剧作家D.存在主义小说家20.《荒原》的作者是A.萨特B.贝克特C.艾略特D.海明威21.印度古代戏剧《沙恭达罗》的男人公是A.悉多B.沙恭达罗C.罗摩D.豆扇陀22.中古波斯著名的英雄史诗是A.《列王纪》B.《古事记》C.《士师记》D.《创世记》23.伊斯兰教的经典是A.《旧日约》B.《圣经》C.《古兰经》D.《阿维斯塔》24.代表越南中古文学最高成就的作品是A.《沈清传》B.《金云翘传》C.《春香传》D.《十公子传》25.1986年获得诺贝尔文学奖的素因卡是A.埃及作家B.尼日利亚作家C.黎巴嫩作家D.阿尔及利亚作家26.川端康成最著名的代表作是A.《睡美人》B.《雪国》C.《伊豆的舞女》D.《山音》二、多项选择题:本大题共6小题,每小题2分,共12分。
高考日语语法真题 2019年
高考在即，直接进入往年语法真题（也就是日语知识运用部分）的练习和讲解。
首先从2019年的开始。
此部分共40题，每次先讲解20个小题。
１、高校時代最後（）運動会は一生忘れられない。
Ａ、でＢ、をＣ、のＤ、と答案：Ｃ翻译：高中时代最后的运动会一生都难以忘记。
解释：两个名词之间用「の」连接，翻译为：~~~的~~~，所以选C。
２、中村さんから借りた本は一冊（）です。
Ａ、もＢ、とＣ、のにＤ、だけ答案：Ｄ翻译：从中村先生（小姐）那里借的书只有一本。
解释：此处「だけ」接在数量词「一冊」后面，表示：仅仅的意思，所以选D。
３、田舎の妹がこの写真（）送ってくれた。
Ａ、をＢ、にＣ、のＤ、で答案：Ａ翻译：乡下的妹妹给我寄的这个照片。
解释：「送る」是他动词，动作的对象要用助词「を」来表示,所以选A。
４、女性（）野球の楽しさを知ってほしい。
Ａ、しかＢ、にもＣ、さえＤ、へは答案：Ｂ翻译：（我）希望女性也能明棒球的快乐。
解释：句末的「～てほしい」表示说话人希望他人做某事或保持某种状态，多译为“希望~~~~”，这时候动作的主体要用助词「に」来表示。
而该题选项中加了一个「も」，是助词「に」和「も」的叠加使用，起强调作用，”~~~也~~~”的意思，所以选B。
５、異文化理解（）、相手の言動を理解し、自分の言動を相手に理解してもらうことです。
Ａ、とはＢ、のはＣ、までＤ、には答案：Ａ翻译：所谓的异文化理解就是（你）即能明白对方的言行，自己的行言也能得到对方理解的这样的事情。
解释：由句末的「～ことです」可以看出，这句话是对「異文化理解」的解释，也就是下定义。
「～とは」就是用于下定义，翻译为：所谓的~~~。
所以选A。
６、カラオケで自分の歌い歌を友達に先に（）しまった。
Ａ、歌せてＢ、歌れてＣ、歌えてＤ、歌われて答案：Ｄ翻译：在卡拉OK的时候，自己的歌被朋友先唱了。
解释：此处考的是动词的变动态变形。
只有D是正确的变法，A和B是错误的变法，C是能动态不合题意，所以选D。
2019年考研广外真题回忆版含翻译真题
2019年考研广外真题回忆版含翻译真题政治选择33个，5个大题。
多选题漏选0分（肖四押中了几个）日语题型：选择，日译汉，汉译日一共75个选择，包括: 平假10个片假10个语法选择题，阅读4篇（每篇2-5个选择。
我给老爷爷开门，赏花，爸爸工作，不要打击小孩子梦想）日译汉3个，一段话。
1古屋南北通透2少子化3读报早晨读什么，下班了读什么，原因是汉译日5个，一句话，课文内容改编。
感受：阅读和日译汉难度大，其他基本n3。
水平考试题型：close，gap-filling，改错，阅读close 30个(各种词性，词汇很简单，像because，as，taking，an，other，should，by，of，with，balance，that，making，variety，played，same等）a variety of 空了variety，played an 。
role空了played，，taking measures空了taking)内容是languages dyinggap-filling 20个一组词中可能词性不同，要变形改错20个(注意要求符号删除是斜线还是横线，注意看给的例子) 内容是evolution阅读4篇x5A篇独立生活B篇men and women 的job importanceC篇urban populationD篇id，ego，super-ego个人感觉难度跟六级差不多问题是直球，文中大眼一看就能找到。
时间很充足翻译与写作题型：summary（40分），作文（60分），英译汉（25分），汉译英（25分）summary：内容是conflict相关的，缩写到100词作文：how technology affects your interpersonal relationships，400词左右。
（是改革以前的专八作文题型）英译汉：If I were a boy again, I would school myself into a habit of attention; I would let nothing come between me and the subject in hand. I wouldremember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once. The habit of attention becomes part of our life, if we began early enough. I often hear grown up people say “I could not fix my attention on the sermon or book, although I wished to do so”, and the reason is, the habit was not formed in youth.If I were to live my life over again, I would pay more attention to the cultivation of the memory. I would strengthen that faculty by every possible means, and on every possible occasion. It takes a little hard work at first to remember things accurately;but memory soon helps itself, and gives very little trouble. It only needs early cultivation to become a power.If I were a boy again, I would look on the cheerful side. Life is very much like a mirror: if you smile upon, it smiles back upon you; but if you frown and look doubtful on it, you will get a similar look in return. Inner sunshine warms not only the heart of the owner, but of all thatcome in contact with it. “Who shuts love out, in turn shall be shut out from love.”汉译英：粤港澳大湾区建设对国际投资者而言也是难得的新机遇。
日本语言广外真题与答案
广外日语语言历年真题1.粘着語靠附着在表示概念意义的词的前面或后面来表示该语言的语法关系，以日语、朝鲜语等为代表。
2.屈折语即靠语言的词性（主要靠词尾？变化来表示该语言的语法关系，以拉丁语为代表的印欧语言大多数都属于屈折语。
3．孤立语即该语言的语法关系既不靠词形变化来表示，也不靠专门表示语法关系的后缀或前缀来表示，而主要是考次序来表示该语言的语法关系，以汉语为典型4．抱合语即该语言把各种语法关系都阻止道一个词里，往往一个词就表示一句话，也就是一句话总以一个词的形式出现，以印第安语为主。
5.汉字属于“表意文字”，一般来讲，是指其字形与发音、含义相结合的文字相结合的文字。
6.ローマ字属于“表音文字”中的“音素文字”，每一个字形与一个音素相对应的文字。
7假名属于“表音文字”中的“音节文字”，是指每一个字形与一个音节相对应的文字。
8.国語学と日本語学二者在本质上都是把日语作为自己的研究对象。
（1）国语学是是指日本日把自己民族的语言按照江户、明治、大正、昭和等时代发展下来的研究成果，特别注重于日语自身的研究。
（2）日本语学是指把日语置身于世界上成百上千的语言中的一种，特别是用研究其他语言的视角，注重导入其他语言的研究成果，以这样的一种态度研究日语。
9.心情形容詞表示主观心情的形容词如恥ずかしい、苦しい、懐かしい等。
一般来讲，现代日语中表示主观心情的形容词只能用来表示说话人的心情。
如果要用于第二人称或第三人称时，只能以疑问的形式、表示过去的形式，或加接尾词“がる”等的形式来表示。
10.イントネーション即“语调”或“语气”，是指与形成社会习惯的声调相对，在句子中临时强调某一部分或某种口气的阴阳顿挫。
根据语调和语气的不同，同一个形式的句子又可以表示不同的意思，或加进许多丰富的感情色彩。
11.現代日本語の形式体言とは何か。
述べなさい。
日语名词（体言）中，还有一些只在语法上起名词性的作用，而不表示具体事物的实际意义，这样的名词称为“形式名词”。
[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编28.doc
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[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编28.doc[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编28一、填空题1 The type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language is often referred to as______. (中山大学2008研)2 ______is formed when the leaner attempts to learn a new language, and it has features of both the first language and the second language but is neither. (中山大学2006研)3 Hymes' theory leads to notion/function-based syllables, and a step further,______syllabuses. (中山大学2005研)4 Error is the grammatically incorrect form; ______ appears when the language is correct grammatically but improper in a communicational context. (中山大学2008研)5 As a compromise between the "purely form-focused approaches" and the "purely meaning-focused" approaches, a recent movement called______seems to take a more balanced view on the role of grammar in language learning. (中山大学2011年研)二、单项选择题6 In Krashen's monitor theory, "i" in "i + 1" hypothesis of second language acquisition refers to ______. (对外经贸2006研) （A）interaction（B）interference（C）input（D）intake7 The______is a syllabus in which the language content is arranged in terms of speech acts together with the languageitems needed for them. (西安外国语学院2006研)（A）structural syllabus（B）situational syllabus（C）notional syllabus（D）functional syllabus8 Negative transfer in learning a second language is known as______.（A）interference（B）interlanguage（C）fossilization（D）acculturation9 ______sees errors as the result of the intrusion of L1 habits over which the learner had no control.（A）error analysis（B）performance analysis（C）contrastive analysis（D）discourse analysis三、简答题10 How do you understand interlanguage? (西安交通大学2008研)11 What are the four obvious barriers to adult 12 acquisition? (浙江大学2003研)12 Linguists have taken an internal and/or external focus to the study of language acquisition. What is the difference between the two?(北外201 1研)13 What is the difference between mistakes and errors?14 What are the distinctions between interlingual and intralingual errors?15 What are the different views of input hypothesis and interaction hypothesis on discourse's contribution to languageacquisition?四、名词解释16 Applied linguistics (武汉大学2006研)17 Interlanguage (北外2010研；北航2010研；上海交大2005研)18 Contrastive analysis (北航2010研；浙江大学2004研)19 face validity (南开大学2011年研)20 Error Analysis (中山大学2011年研)五、举例说明题21 Krashen's Input Hypothesis and Language Learning.(北交大2006研)22 Explain one of the teaching approaches that you're familiar with and discuss its advantages and disadvantages. (浙江大学2004研)23 What do you think are the similarities and dissimilarities between learning a first anda second language? (北外2003研)24 What is communicative competence? How should we develop it in our foreign lauguage learning? (四川大学2009研)25 Read the following paragraphs and then answer four questions. (北外201 1年研) The idea behind the experiential vision of learning is that the use of the target language for communicative purposes is not only the goal of learning, but also a means of learning in its own right. This may clearly involve students using language which they may not have fully mastered, and contrasts with other more ' traditional' approaches which emphasize part practice (i. e., isolating parts of the whole for explicit study and learning)leading up in a more or less controlled manner to integrated language use for communicative purposes. An experientialapproach to learning may therefore involve a degree of what Johnson (1982) refers to as an ' in at the deep end strategy'. Simply throwing learners into wholly uncontrolled and undirected language use is, of course, as dubious a strategy with respect to language learning as doing the same with someone who is learning to swim. For this reason, considerable effort has been devoted by methodologists, material writers, and teachers in recent decades to the way in which two sets of factors can be combined. One is the basic insight that language use can serve a significant role in promoting learning, and the other is the acknowledgement that use of the language needs to be structured in a coherent and pedagogically manageable way. The experiential vision of learning has evolved in a variety of ways since the 1960s and is now encountered in a number of differing forms. Nevertheless, most experiential approaches to learning rest on five main principles which were developed in the earlier days of the communicative movement, even if certain receive more attention in one variant than in another. These principles are the following: message focus, holistic practice, the use of authentic materials, the use of communication strategies, and the use of collaborative modes of learning. (Tudor 2001: 79) An analytical view of learning posits that according explicit attention to the regularitiesof language and language use can play a positive role in learning. Each language manifests a number of structural regularities in areas such as grammar, lexis and phonology, and also with respect to the ways in which these elements are combined to communicate messages. The question, therefore, is not whether languages have structural regularities or not, but whether and in which way explicit attention to such regularitiescan facilitate the learning of the language. An analytical approach to learning rests on a more or less marked degree of part practice, i. e. , isolating parts of the whole for explicit study and learning, even if its ultimate goal remains the development of learners' abilityto put these parts together for integrated, holistic use. At least, two main considerations lend support to an analytical approach to learning. First, in terms of learning in general , the isolation and practice of sub-parts of a target skill is a fairly common phenomenon. ... Second, explicit identification of regularities in a language has advantages which Johnson (1996: 83) refers to as 'generativity' and ' economy'. Mastering a regularity in a language gives learners access to the generative potential of this regularity in new circumstances. ... Explicit presentation or discovery of the structural regularities of a language can therefore represent a short-cut to mastery of this language and support learners' ability to manipulate these regularities for communicative purposes. (Tudor 2001: 86-7)1. What are the differences between experiential and analytical modes of language learning?2. What serves as the theoretical foundation for the experiential mode of language learning and what are its advantages and disadvantages?3. What serves as the theoretical foundation for the analytical mode of language learning and what are its advantages and disadvantages?4. How would you balance the two modes of learning in your teaching or learning of a foreign language?26 How many types of data analysis have been employed in language acquisition research? How are these types of dataanalysis significant in SLA research?。
2019年考研英语真题及答案解析
2019年考研英语真题及答案解析Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones. 1 of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. 3 you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4 can’t find north, a few tricks to help you naviga te 5 to civilization, one of which is to follow the land...When you find yourself well 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7 area, you have to answer two questions: Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water. 9 , if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should 10 see signs of people.If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights—you may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another 12 : Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13 , even in dense forest, you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for 17 light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18 , assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for th e 19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can 20 you to civilization.1. [A]Some [B]Most [C]Few [D]All2. [A]put[B]take[C]run [D]come3. [A]Since [B] If [C] Though [D]Until4. [A]formally [B] relatively [C] gradually [D] literally5. [A] back [B] next [C] around [D] away6. [A]onto [B]off[C]across [D]alone7. [A]unattractive[B] uncrowded [C]unchanged [D]unfamiliar8. [A] site[B]point [C]way [D]place9. [A] So [B] Yet [C]Instead [D]Besides10. [A]immediately [B] intentionally [C]unexpectedly [D] eventually11. [A]surprised [B]annoyed [C]frightened [D]confused12. [A] problem [B]option [C]view [D]result13. [A] Above all [B]In contrast [C] On average [D] For example14. [A]bridge [B]avoid [C]spot [D]separate15. [A] from [B] through [C]beyond [D] under16. [A] posts [B]links [C]shades [D]breaks17. [A] artificial [B] mysterious [C] hidden [D] limited18. [A] Finally [B] Consequently [C] incidentally [D] Generally19. [A] memories [B] marks [C] notes [D] belongings20. [A] restrict [B] adopt [C] lead [D] expose1-20参考答案及解析：1. 生活在一个GPS系统，数字地图和其他导航应用程序都在我们的智能手机上轻易获取”。
2019年考研中传英美文学二外日语真题回忆
今天下午考完日语，嗯，凉了，
为了下一届学妹们我来回忆回忆真题
第一题汉字写假名，10分10个词汇不难，基本都是初级上下册的，
第二题，假名写汉字10分10个，词汇也不算难，但是考这个学校的二外最好还是学到n2再说吧，而且n2不是你考研就能学会的，得早开始尽量大三暑假把N2考下来才来得及，老学姐血与泪的教训啊，如果是拿标日复习的话最到中级上册学得滚瓜烂熟，才不会慌，有能力把下册也学了
第三题是选择，20个20分，就很基础的语法难度应该是n3这个样子的，今年前面的基础讲真没有以往难，但是我难度吓到了，后期又分给日语的时间很少，嗯，血与泪的教训。
日语最好早早早点开始准备！！！！
第四题是给词汇原型，填正确形式，怎么也得是n3的难度吧，15分或者10分
第五题就是汉译日了10分，讲的是企业的什么制度来着，就是很难，第一句是什么企业的成功最重要的一个因素是就类似于这样的,很难……
第五题日译汉依然很难10分，企业经营制度标题是，我也不知道内容翻的对不对就不说内容了。
第六题是阅读10分，三篇阅读，基本全靠蒙（想哭），n2甚至以上难度，因为我做完了n3的真题，阅读绝对没有么也得是n2或以上。
第七题是作文15分嘘ついたこと为题写一篇作文，我都不敢回忆我写的是什么太烂了……
我记得有八道题，而且按这么算分值的话也不够，可能是我忘了些什么，但是大致没有错，20届的小伙伴们加油吧不要放弃！顶住压力！！！早点开始！！！然后拼命学学学！！！加油吧！！！
1。
日语一级语法历年仿真试题1300题附答案
大连翻译网编辑制作日语能力测试1 级文法（附答案）1 強風で、家から（）出られなかった。
1)出ようにも2)出ようが3)出たなら4)出れば正解:12 身長２メートル（）大男が、突然、目の前に現れた。
1)だけある2)からする3)だけする4)からある正解:43 だれにも知られること（）準備を進めなければならない。
1)なくて2)なしに3)ないで4)ないと正解:24 患者のプライバシーを他の人に漏らすなんて、医者としてある（）ことだ。
1)べからず2)はずの3)かぎりの4)まじき正解:45 たとえ子供（）、自分のしたことは自分で責任をとらなければならない。
1)ならば2)であれ3)ならでは4)であると正解:26 将棋のおもしろさを知ってからと（）、彼は暇さえあれば将棋の本ばかり読んでいる。
1)いうまで2)いうのに3)いうこと4)いうもの正解:47 もうとても追いつけないだろうと（）、驚くほどの速さで彼は一気に先頭に走り出た。
1)おもいきや2)おもうべく3)おもいがけず4)おもうだに正解:18 どちらに（）で、そうたいした差があるとは思えない。
1)するもの2)したもの3)するところ4)したところ正解:49 部下からそんなことを言われる（）、さぞ不愉快だっただろう。
1)では2)には3)とは4)かは正解:310 国は早く対策をたててほしいと、被害者たちは涙（）訴えた。
1)ばかりに2)のままに3)かぎりに4)ながらに正解:411 「あっ、だれかおぼれてる」と言う（）、彼は川に飛び込んだ。
1)なり2)まま3)ほど4)ゆえ正解:112 服装はいつもとだいぶ違うが、やっぱりあれは田中さんに（）。
1)比べない2)相違ない3)ほかはない4)わけがない正解:21 大连翻译网编辑制作大连翻译网编辑制作13 水も食糧もない状況に（）、人は々互いに助け合うことの大切さを学んだ。
1)あって2)とって3)かけて4)つれて正解:114 君自身の問題だから、「やめてしまえ」（）、いまいちど考え直してみたらどうだろうか。
2019年研究生入学考试《外国语专业综合》自命题试题
姓名： 报考专业： 准考证号码： 密封线内不要答题 年全国硕士研究生招生考试初试自命题试题科目名称：外国语专业综合 科目代码：考试时间:3小时 满分150分 可使用的常用工具：√无 □计算器 □直尺 □圆规（请在使用工具前打√）所有答题内容必须写在答题纸上，写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效；考完后试题随答题纸交回。
两部分构成；选择题的答案，请考生在答题册上先标明大题，然后再按小题顺序写出小题的阿拉伯数字及相应的最佳答案字母代号。
所有题目均须用英语答卷。
共七大题，93个小题，小题连续编号。
誊写答案时，请按下列格式： Part A Comprehensive English 5 6. 7. 8. 9 .。
2019年南开大学253二外日语考研真题(回忆版)
2019年南开大学253二外日语考研真题（回忆版）一，日文写假名（10×1\'）
世話
握手
洗濯
面白い
卒業
操作
空港
联络
通勤
藥屋
二，假名写日文（10×1\'）
運転
残業
出身
三，外来语（10×1\'）
红酒
电视剧
便利店
公寓
电梯
挂历
独特
果汁
能量
四，接续词（10×1\'）
五，日译中（10×3\'）
六，中译日（10×3\'）
1,听说因为不景气，很多中小企业倒闭了。
2,只要有时间，妈妈就去照顾姥姥。
3,史密斯先生说比起中餐，他还是喜欢西餐。
4,小林喜欢那个穿黄色T恤的男孩子。
5,那个公司你还是不要去。
6,如果可以的话，先洗澡再去购物吧。
7,中国每年有多少人考公务员，你知道吗？8,日本的人口变少了，将来还会少。
9,说到书店，我最想去的是三省堂。
10,？。