2018年MBA联考写作真题及答案解析
2018年全国考研管理类联考试题及答案.doc
2018年考研管理类联考试题及参考答案参考答案：1-5 BABAE 6-10 CCECB 11-15 CEDDA 16-20 DABDD21-25ECDAD 26-30ACDAB 31-35DEACD 36-40AADCD41-45 DCBBD 46-50 ABCED 51-55 EBCBC56.【论证有效性分析解析】材料论述“物质丰富只会充实精神世界，物质主义潮流不可能造成人类精神世界的空虚”，这是欠妥当的。
物质对精神世界有影响，但是其影响结果极可能是积极的充实也可能是消极的影响，所以其推理不当假设了物质对精神的影响都是积极的充实的影响，日常事实告诉我们存在不少物质过度富足的群体其精神世界反而是极度匮乏的。
故上述结论不足信。
此处论述有“不当假设”之嫌。
材料中的后物质主义理论认为：个人基本的物质生活条件一旦得到满足，就会把注意点转移到非物质方面，这是欠妥当的。
个人基本的物质生活条件得到满足难以证明其注意力就会转移到非物质的精神生活追求，显然基本的物质生活条件并非是物质生活条件的全集，只是物质生活条件的一个基本层次，还存在更高层次的物质生活条件的情况，所以基本的物质生活条件得到满足也未必会追求精神生活。
此处论述有“另有他果”之嫌。
（也可以判定为“条件关系谬误”）材料中的高校的抽样调查显然不具有代表性，因为其调查范围过于片面，对于社会问题仅仅选取高校进行调查显然其调查方法存在偏差，导致其调查对象不全面，毕竟学生对物质生活的要求与非高校的在职群体或其他群体的要求存在很大区别。
故上述论述不足信。
此处论述存在“样本不具代表性”的嫌疑。
材料论述，“担心物质生活的丰富会冲击人类的精神世界，这是杞人忧天罢了”，这是欠妥当的。
对于不同人而言，在不同的情况下，物质生活水平对精神世界的发展的作用是多样的，很可能既有积极的方面，又有消极的方面。
如果物质生活水平的提高容易导致人们过度追求物质生活、消极的作用更大，则会造成冲击精神世界的结果。
2018年管理类联考真题与答案解析
2018 届管理类专业硕士研究生全国联考真题一、问题求解：第1—15 小题, 每小题 3 分, 共 45 分. 下列每题给出的A、B、C、D、E 五个选项中 , 只有一项是符合试题要求的. 请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑.1、学科竞赛设一等奖、二等奖和三等奖，比例为1：3：8，获奖率为30％、已知10 人获得一等奖，则参加竞赛的人数为（A ）300 （B）400（C）500 （D）550（E）600【答案】 B2、为了解某公司员工的年龄结构，按男、女人数的比例进行了随机抽样，结果如下：根据表中数据估计，该公司男员工的平均年龄与全体员工的平均年龄分别是（单位：岁）（A ）32，30 （B）32, 29.5（C）32, 27 （D）30, 27（E）29.5, 27【答案】 A3、某单位采取分段收费的方式收取网络流量（单位：GB ）费用：每月流量20（含）以内免费，流量20 到 30（含）的每GB 收费 1 元，流量30 到 40（含）的每GB 收费 3 元，流量 40 以上的每GB 收费 5 元，小王这个月用了45GB 的流量，则他应该交费（A ）45 元（B）65 元（C）75 元（D）85 元（E）135 元【答案】 B4、如图，圆O 是三角形ABC 的内切圆，若三角形ABC 的面积与周长的大小之比为1：2，则圆 O 的面积为【答案】 A（A ）π（B）2π（C）3π（D）4π（E）5π5、设实数, 满足| - | =2，| - | =26, 则+ =（A ）30 （B）22（C）15 （D）13（E）10【答案】 E6、甲、乙两人进行围棋比赛，约定先胜 2 盘者赢得比赛。
已知每盘棋甲获胜的概率是0.6，是0.4，若乙在第一盘获胜，则甲赢得比赛的概率为乙获胜的概率（A ）0.144 （B）0.288（C）0.36 （D）0.4（E）0.6【答案】 C7、如图，四边形平行四边形，, , , 分别是四四边的中点，依次下去。
2018管理类联考英语大作文写作解析及常用句型（友课教育版）
2018管理类联考英语大作文写作解析及常用句型（友课教育版）第一篇：2018管理类联考英语大作文写作解析及常用句型(友课教育版)2018管理类联考英语大作文写作解析及常用句型（友课教育版）管理类联考英语大作文写作中，一般以图表作文形式呈现，而图表作文的数据描述可以分作两类：一是动态图表，即描述事物的变化趋势（上升，下降或者保持不变），一般表现是时间点超过一个，例如2010,2011,2014,2017年真题；二是静态图表，即描述各部分所占比例，一般表现是只有一个时间点或者没有时间点，例如2012,2013,2015,2016年真题。
图表作文写作思路Write an essay based on the following chart.In your essay,you should1)interpret the table,and2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words on ANSWER SHEET.以上是大作文的卷面要求，不管图表怎样变化，要求总是不变的，所以大作文写作的整体框架很明朗：以2010年和2013年真题为例：了解了写作框架后，积累些写作常用句型对于加分是很有帮助的，友课教育整理了22条写作常用句型：1)Chief among the causes of this problem is...2)One factor is……Another contributing factor is...3)Another major contributing factor in the...(problem)is the...(cause)4)From my perspective,one of the most significant obstacles to do sth.is lack of....5)Of multiple reasons,the most obvious one might be the increase of people's income.6)To begin with,these changes/differences are closely related to… 7)In the firstplace,this trend is bound up with….8)In addition,we must admit that tendency also has a lot to do with...9)What’s more,there is no denying that the current scenario,to a large extent,results from… 10)Moreover,this fact cannot be ignored that the trend derives partly from…11)Furthermore,it must be stressed that the present situation,to a certain degree,stems from…12)Modern lifestyle---tremendous stress of work and life;the fierce competition at work and the pressures of daily life.13)...is very popular because of its convenience and low cost.(eg.fast food)14)People spend too much time on solitary activities(eg.watching TV)15)The past 50 years have seen a considerable increase in global tourism.16)In recent times we have witnessed an growing trend in children's literature that is more realistic to life.17)Air travel,once a privilege of the wealthy,has been gaining popularity nationawide/worldwide over the last few decades.18)There is a growing tendency for companies these days to select employees by their academic qualifications.19)These days,it seems that more people are migrating to other countries than ever before.20)In no other time in history have we witnessed such a drive toward higher learning.21)An appreciation for investing in scientific research has matured steadily in recent decades.22)This emerging working pattern is popular among young people,and it will have profound implications for our work and life.第二篇：【在职硕士联考】英语写作经典句型汇总考研英语小作文技巧汇总 2010-11-26 | 阅读:4132 | 来源: 万学海文讨论区 [ 大中小] [划词已启用] [ 收藏 ]阅读提示：在距离考试不到两个月的时间，英语已经到了最后冲刺的阶段。
2018年考研管理类联考写作之论证有效性范例解析
2018年考研管理类联考写作之论证有效性范例解析第一篇：2018年考研管理类联考写作之论证有效性范例解析凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！2018年考研管理类联考写作之论证有效性范例解析考生要想拿分就必须要掌握其各自的出题考察形式，学会立意和分析，注意积累和练习。
下面凯程考研和大家一起通过案例来看看论证有效性分析写作如何进行分析和解题。
论说文和论证有效性分析是管理类联考及经济类联考中文写作的两大命题形式，考生要想拿分就必须要掌握其各自的出题考察形式，学会立意和分析，注意积累和练习。
下面凯程考研和大家一起通过案例来看看论证有效性分析写作如何进行分析和解题。
2018管理类联考中文写作：论证有效性分析分析下述论证中存在的缺陷和漏洞，选择若干要点，写一篇600字左右的文章，对该论证的有效性进行分析和评论。
(论证有效性分析的一般要点是：概念特别是核心概念的界定和使用是否准确并前后一致，有无各种明显的逻辑错误，论证的证据是否成立并支持结论，结论成立的条件是否充分等。
)现代企业管理制度的设计要遵循的重要原则是权力的制衡与监督，只要有了制衡与监督，企业的成功就有了保证。
所谓的制衡，指对企业的管理权进行分解，然后使要分解的权力相互制约达到平衡，它可以使任何人不能滥用权力。
至于监督，指对企业管理进行严密观察，使企业运营的各个环节处于可控范围之内，而且所有环节都在可控范围之内，那么企业的经营就不可能产生失误。
同时以制衡与监督为原则所设计的企业管理制度还有一个固有特点，即能保证其实施的有效性，因为环环相扣的监督机制能确保企业内部各级管理者无法敷衍塞责，万一有人敷衍塞责也会受到这一机制的制约。
再者，由于制衡的核心是权力平衡，而企业管理的权力又是企业运营的动力与起点，因此权力平衡就可以使企业运营保持平衡。
另外，从本质上来说，权力平衡就是权力平等，因此，这一观念本身蕴含平等的观念。
平等观念一旦成为企业管理理念，必将促成企业内部和谐与稳定。
2018 年全国硕士研究生招生考试管理类联考综合真题及答案详解
第126页共344页2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试管理类专业学位联考综合能力试题一、问题求解：第1～15小题，每小题3分，共45分。
下列每题给出的A、B、C、D、E 五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。
请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。
1.学科竞赛设一等奖、二等奖和三等奖，比例为1:3:8，获奖率为30%，已知10人获得一等奖，则参加竞赛的人数为（）.A.300B.400C.500D.550E.6002.为了解某公司员工的年龄结构，按男、女人数的比例进行了随机抽样，结果如下：男员工年龄（岁）232628303234363841女员工年龄（岁）232527272931根据表中数据估计，该公司男员工的平均年龄与全体员工的平均年龄分别是（单位：岁）（）.A.32，30B.32，29.5C.32，27D.30，27E.29.5，273.某单位采取分段收费的方式收取网络流量（单位：GB）费用：每月流量20（含）以内免费，流量20到30（含）的每GB 收费1元，流量30到40（含）的每GB 收费3元，流量40以上的每GB 收费5元.小王这个月用了45GB 的流量，则他应该交费（）.A.45元B.65元C.75元D.85元E.135元4.如图1，圆O 是三角形ABC 的内切圆，若三角形ABC 的面积与周长的大小之比为1:2，则圆O 的面积为（）.A.πB.π2 C.π3 D.π4 E.π55.设实数b a ,满足26,233=-=-b a b a ，则=+22b a （）.A.30B.22C.15D.13E.106.将6张不同的卡片2张一组分别装入甲、乙、丙3个袋中，若指定2张卡片要在同一组，则不同的装法有（）.A.12种B.18种C.24种D.30种E.36种7.如图2，四边形1111D C B A 是平行四边形，2222,,,D C B A 分别是1111,,,D C B A 四边的中点，3333,,,D C B A 分别是四边形2222,,,D C B A 的中点，依次下去，得到四边形序列)3,2,1( ，=n D C B A n n n n .设n n n n D C B A 的面积为n S ，且121=S ，则=+++ 321S S S （）.A.16B.20C.24D.28E.308.甲、乙两人进行围棋比赛，约定先胜两局者赢得比赛.已知每盘棋甲获胜的概率为0.6，乙获胜的概率为0.4.若乙在第一局获胜，则甲赢得比赛的概率为（）.A.0.144B.0.288C.0.36D.0.4E.0.69.有96位顾客至少购买了甲、乙、丙三种商品中的一种，经调查:同时购买了甲、乙两种商品的有8位，同时购买了甲、丙两种商品的有12位，同时购买乙、丙两种商品的有6位，同时购买三种商品的有2位.则仅购买一种商品的顾客有（）.A.70位B.72位C.74位D.76位E.82位10.已知圆C ：b a y x =-+22)(.若圆C 在点（1,2）处的切线与y 轴的交点为（0,3），则=ab （）.A.-2B.-1C.0D.1E.211.羽毛球队有4名男运动员和3名女运动员，从中选出两对参加混双比赛，则不同的选派方式有（）.A.9种B.18种C.24种D.36种E.72种12.从标号为1到10的10张卡片中随机抽取2张，它们的标号之和能被5整除的概率为（）.A.51 B.91 C.92 D.152 E.45713.如图3，圆柱体的底面半径为2，高为3，垂直于底部的平面截圆柱体所得截面为矩形ABCD .若弦AB 所对的圆心角是3π，则截掉部分（较小部分）的体积为（）.A.3-π B.62-π C.233-π D.332-π E.3-π14.某单位为检查3个部门的工作，由3个部门的主任和外聘的3名人员组成检查组，分2人一组检查工作，每组有1名外聘成员.规定本部门主任不能检查本部门，则不同的安排方式有（）.A.6种B.8种C.12种D.18种E.36种15.函数{}8,max )(22+-=x x x f 的最小值为（）.A.8B.7C.6D.5E.4二.条件充分性判断：第16～25小题，每小题3分，共30分。
2018年MBA管理类联考综合写作真题和答案及解析
2017MBA管理类联考综合写作真题及答案解析写作▶论证有效性分析本小题30分论证有效性分析：分析下述论证中存在的缺陷和漏洞，选择若干要点，写一篇600字左右的文章，对该论证的有效性进行分析和评论。
(论证有效性分析的一般要点是：概念特别是核心概念的界定和使用是否准确并前后一致，有无各种明显的逻辑错误，论证的论据是否成立并支持结论，结论成立的条件是否充分等等。
)如果我们把古代荀子、商鞅、韩飞等人的一些主张归纳起来，可以得出如下一套理论：人的本性是"好荣恶辱，好利恶害"的，所以人们都会追求奖赏，逃避刑罚。
因此拥有足够权力的国君只要利用赏罚就可以把臣民治理好了。
既然人的本性是好利恶害的，那么在选拔官员，既没有可能，也没有必要去寻求那些不求私利的廉洁之士，因为世界上根本不存在这样的人。
廉政建设的关键其实只在于任用官员之后有效地防止他们以权谋私。
怎样防止官员以权谋私呢!国君通常依靠设置监察官的方法，这种方法其实是不合理的。
因为监察官也是人，也是好利恶害的，所以依靠监察官去制止其他官吏以权谋私，就是让一部分以权谋私者去制止另一部分人以权谋私。
结果只能使他们共谋私利。
既然依靠设动监察官的方法不合理，那么依靠什么呢?可以利用赏罚的方法来促使臣民去监督，谁揭发官员的以权谋私，就奖赏准。
谁不揭发官员的以权谋私就惩罚谁，臣民出于好利恶喜的本性就会掲发官员的以权谋私。
▶陈君华老师解析：结论：国君只要利用奖罚就可以把臣民治理好。
最好应该攻击的五个逻辑问题，分别是：1.古人的观点未必正确，更不能不加批判和反思地直接作为现在治国的基础。
而且法家的观点，在先秦时期也只是一家之言而已。
除了法家，还有儒家、道家、农家……以及后来西方的各种各样的政治法律理论，为什么非要以法家作为现在治国的理论基础?何况历史上以严刑酷法治国的商纣王、秦始皇等都没有好的结局。
2.利用奖罚来治理臣民，也许是必要的，但以此推出只要利用奖罚就能把臣民治理好，就犯了混淆充分条件的逻辑错误。
2018年入学MBA联考综合试题及参考答案
根据以上陈述，可以得出以下哪项? A.只有不离开人民，文艺才不会变成无根的浮萍、无病的呻吟、无魂的驱壳。 B.历史的创造者都不是历史的“剧中人。 C.历史的创造者都是历史的见证者。 D.历史的“剧中人”都是历史的“剧作者”。 E.我们的作品只要表达人民的心愿、心情、心声，就会在人民中传之久远。
(1) a b 1 a2
(2) a b 1 a2
25.设函数 f (x) x2 ax, ，则 f (x) 的最小值与 f ( f (x)) 的最小值相等.
(1) a 2
(2) a 0
三．逻辑推理：第 26-55 小题，每小题 2 分，共 60 分。下列每题所给出（A）、（B）、（C）、 （D）、（E）五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。
30-31 题基于以下题干 某工厂有一员工宿舍住了甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚 7 人，每人每周需轮流值日一
天，且每天仅安排一人值日，他们值日的安排还需满足以下条件： (1)乙周二或者周六值日; (2)如果甲周一值日，那么丙周三值日且戊周五值日; (3)如果甲周一不值日，那么己周四值日且庚周五值日; (4)如果乙周二值日，那么己周六值日。
分别为-2 和 1。
(1) m 1;
(2) m 2
23.如果甲公司的年终奖总额增加 25%，乙公司的年终奖总额减少 10%，两者相等，则能确 定两公司的员工人数之比.
(1)甲公司的人均年终奖与乙公司的相同 (2)两公司的员工人数之比与两公司的年终奖总额之比相等
2018年MBA管理类联考综合写作真题和答案及解析
2017MBA管理类联考综合写作真题及答案解析写作▶论证有效性分析本小题30分论证有效性分析：分析下述论证中存在的缺陷和漏洞，选择若干要点，写一篇600字左右的文章，对该论证的有效性进行分析和评论。
(论证有效性分析的一般要点是：概念特别是核心概念的界定和使用是否准确并前后一致，有无各种明显的逻辑错误，论证的论据是否成立并支持结论，结论成立的条件是否充分等等。
)如果我们把古代荀子、商鞅、韩飞等人的一些主张归纳起来，可以得出如下一套理论：人的本性是"好荣恶辱，好利恶害"的，所以人们都会追求奖赏，逃避刑罚。
因此拥有足够权力的国君只要利用赏罚就可以把臣民治理好了。
既然人的本性是好利恶害的，那么在选拔官员，既没有可能，也没有必要去寻求那些不求私利的廉洁之士，因为世界上根本不存在这样的人。
廉政建设的关键其实只在于任用官员之后有效地防止他们以权谋私。
怎样防止官员以权谋私呢!国君通常依靠设置监察官的方法，这种方法其实是不合理的。
因为监察官也是人，也是好利恶害的，所以依靠监察官去制止其他官吏以权谋私，就是让一部分以权谋私者去制止另一部分人以权谋私。
结果只能使他们共谋私利。
既然依靠设动监察官的方法不合理，那么依靠什么呢?可以利用赏罚的方法来促使臣民去监督，谁揭发官员的以权谋私，就奖赏准。
谁不揭发官员的以权谋私就惩罚谁，臣民出于好利恶喜的本性就会掲发官员的以权谋私。
▶陈君华老师解析：结论：国君只要利用奖罚就可以把臣民治理好。
最好应该攻击的五个逻辑问题，分别是：1.古人的观点未必正确，更不能不加批判和反思地直接作为现在治国的基础。
而且法家的观点，在先秦时期也只是一家之言而已。
除了法家，还有儒家、道家、农家……以及后来西方的各种各样的政治法律理论，为什么非要以法家作为现在治国的理论基础?何况历史上以严刑酷法治国的商纣王、秦始皇等都没有好的结局。
2.利用奖罚来治理臣民，也许是必要的，但以此推出只要利用奖罚就能把臣民治理好，就犯了混淆充分条件的逻辑错误。
2018年MBA英语真题及答案
2018年MBA英语真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word<s） for each numbered black and mark A， B， C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. <10 points）Vw7vQEWmyqThe Internet affords anonymity to its users， a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Vw7vQEWmyqCan privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ？Vw7vQEWmyqLast month， Howard Schmidt， the nation’s cyber-czar， offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key， a fingerprint and a photo ID card， all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card， or a digital credential 7 to a specificcomputer .and would authenticate users at a range of onlineservices.Vw7vQEWmyqThe idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join， and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government.Vw7vQEWmyqGoogle and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.Vw7vQEWmyq12.the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace， with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community.Vw7vQEWmyqMr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with14 ，trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”。
2018年MBA考试真题及答案解析
2018年管理类专业学位联考综合能力试题一、问题求解：第1~15小题，每小题3分，共45分。
下列每题给出的A ．B ．C ．D ．E 五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的，请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。
1. 学校竞赛设一等奖、二等奖和三等奖，比例为1：3：8，获奖率为30%，已知10人获得一等奖，则参加竞赛的人数为（ ）A ．300B ．400C ．500D ．550E ．600 2. 为了解某公司员工的年龄结构，按男、女人数的比例进行了随机抽样，结果如下：根据表中数据估计，该公司男员工的平均年龄与全体员工的平均年龄分别是（ ） （单位：岁）A ．32；30B ．32；29.5C ．32；27D ．30；27E ．29.5；273. 某单位采取分段收费的方式收取网络流量（单位：GB ）费用：每月流量20（含）以内免费，流量20到30（含）的每GB 收费1元，流量30到40（含）的每GB 收费3元，流量40以上的每GB 收费5元。
小王这个月用了45GB 的流量，则他应该交费（ ）元A ．45B ．65C ．75D ．85E ．135 4. 如图，圆O 是三角形ABC 的内切圆，若三角形ABC 的面积与周长的大小之比为1：2，则圆O 的面积为（ ）A ．πB ．2πC ．3πD ．4πE ．5π5. 设实数,a b 满足332,26a b a b -=-=，则22a b +=（ ）A ．30B ．22C ．15D ．13E ．10 6. 有96位顾客至少买了甲乙丙三种商品中的一种，经调查：同时购买甲、乙两种商品的有8ABCO•位，同时购买甲、丙两种商品的有12位，同时购买乙、丙两种商品的有6位，同时购买三种商品的有2位，则仅购买一种商品的顾客有（ ）位A ．70B ．72C ．74D ．76E ．82 7. 如图，四边形1111A B C D 是平行四边形，2222,,,A B C D 分别是1111A B C D 四边的中点，3333,,,A B C D 分别是2222A B C D 四边的中点。
2018管理类联考_英语真题+答案详细讲解
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷二Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blankand mark, A.B.C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Whydo people read negative Internet commentsand do other things thatwill obviously be painful? Because humanshave an inherent need to ___1___ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. Thenew research reveals that the need to know is so strong that peoplewill___2___ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answerwill___3___.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School Of Business and the Wisconsin Schoolof Business tested students' willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one ___5___,each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed werefrom a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would ___6___ an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; anothertwenty-seven were told only that somewere electrified. ___7___ left alonein the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock themclicked more pens and incurred more jolts than the students who knew whatwould ___8___. Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with otherstimuli, ___9___ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographsof disgusting insects.The drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the sameas the basic drives for ___11___ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is oftenconsidered a good instinct —it can ___12___ new scientific advances, for instance —but sometimes such ___13___ can backfire. The insight that curiositycan drive you to do ___14___ things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ___15___, however. In a finalexperiment, participants who were encouraged to ___16___ how they wouldfeel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to ___17___ to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the ___18___ offollowing through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine___19___ it is worth the endeavor. “Thinking about long -term ___20___is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity, ”H e says. In other words, don't read online comments.1. A resolve B. protect C. discuss D. ignore2. A refuse B. wait C. seek D .regret3. A .rise B. last C. mislead D. hurt4. A. alert B. tie C. expose D. treat5. A. message B. trial C. review D. concept6. A. remove B. weaken C. deliver D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. Though D. When8. A. happen B. continue C. disappear D. change9. A rather than B. such as C. regardless D .owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. forget D.discover 11. A. pay B. marriage C.food D.school12. A. begin with B. rest on C. learn from D. lead to13. A. withdrawal B. inquiry C. persistence D.diligence14. A. self-destructive B. self-reliant C. self-evidentD. self-deceptive15. A. resist B. define C. replace D. trace16. A. predict B. overlook C. design D.conceal17. A. remember B. choose C. promise D. pretend 18.A. reliefB. planC. outcomeD. duty19. A. whether B. why C. where D. how20 .A. limitations B. Investments C.strategies D. consequences【答案】1. A resolve 8. A happen self-destructive2. C seek 9. B such as 15. A resist3. D hurt 10. D discover 16. A predict4. C expose 11. C food 17.B choose5. B trial 12. D lead to 18. C outcome6. C deliver 13. B inquiry 19. A whether7. D when 14. A 20. D consequencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET.(40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to学习资料. . . .New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books andtests and rote memorization, but practical, reports staff writer StacyTeicher Khadaroo in this week’s cover story. Whendid it becomeaccepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of theUnited States but be utterly bamboozled by a busted bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothingis necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffiti desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family ofvocational education “have that stereotype ... that it ’s for kids who can’t make it academically, ”he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduateshas largely evaporated. More education is the new mantra. We want morefor our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor ’s deg rees for all –and the subtle devaluing of anything less – misses an important point: That ’s not the only thing the American economyneeds. Yes, a bachelor ’s degreeopens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing,according to the National Skills Coalition, a nonprofit advocacy group.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time whenthe working class has turned the countryon its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that oncedefined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in theface. Thereis a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs mostaren’t equipped to do them. Koziatek ’s Manchester School of TechnologyHigh School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek ’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomesone-size-fits- all, it risks overlooking a nation ’s diversity of gifts.21. A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students ’lack of ___A. mechanical memorizationB. academic trainingC. practical abilityD. pioneering spirit22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who___A. are financially disadvantagedB. are not academically successful学习资料D. have no career motivation23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates ___A. are entitled to more “educational privileges ”B. are reluctant to work in manufacturingC. used to have more job opportunitiesD. used to have big financial concerns24. The headlong push into bachelor ’s degrees for all ___A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD. indicates the overvaluing of higher education25. The author ’s attitude toward Koziate ’s school can be described as___A. supportiveB. disappointedC. tolerantD. cautiousTest 2While fossil fuels –coal, oil, gas –still generate roughly 85 percent of the world ’s energy supply, it ’s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move torenewable is picking up momentum around the world: They now account formore than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsightedbusinesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewable, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbinesby close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principalenergy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enoughelectricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing aremarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar poweraccounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US,reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels –especially coal –as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, a state he woneasily in 2016, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that messagedid not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbinesdot the fields and provide 36 perce nt of the state ’s electricity generation –and where tech giants such as Facebook, Microsoft, andGoogle are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to powertheir data centers.The question “what ha ppens when the wind doesn ’t blow or the sundoesn’t shine? ” has provided a quick put -down for skeptics. But a boostin the storage capacity of batteries, and a dramatic drop in their cost, is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placingbig bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads in 2017, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there ’s a long way to go, the tr end lines for renewable are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up –perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climatechange. What Washington does – or doesn’t do – to promote alternativeenergy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26. The word “plummeting”(line3.para2) is closest in meaning to ______.A. risingB. fallingC. changingD. stabilizing27. According to Paragraph 3.the use of renewable energy in America_______.A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa_____.A .wind is a widely used energy sourceB. wind energy has replaced fossilfuelsC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of following in true about clean energy according to paragraphs5&6?A. Its application has boosted battery storageB. It is commonly used in can manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D .Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environment changeC. is not really encouraged by the US governmentD is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of these companies is astonishing –Amazonhas just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foodsfor $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquirethe WhatsAppmessaging service, which doesn’t have any physical productat all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed tracery of its users ’friendships an d social lives. Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbersto Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as thedeal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, theknowledge of who sent them and to who was enormously revealing and stillcould be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want toknow the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May ’s enemiesare currently plotting? It may be that the value to Amazonof Whole Foods is not so much the 460 shops it owns, or the distribution network, butthe records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalancesof power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared tothe pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem hasbeen addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, tobe replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptualproblem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious whenthe usersof these services don ’t pay for them. The users of their services arenot their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising fromthem –and Facebook and Google operate a virtual duopoly in digitaladvertising to the detriment of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they ’re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some antsfarm aphids for the honeydewthat oozes from them whenthey feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives exude. Ants keep predatoryinsects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers outof our inboxes. It doesn’t feel like a humanor democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.This article was amendedon 19 June 2017 to remove a reference to Apple which was not apt.31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its_____.A. digital productsB．user informationB. physical assetsC. quality service32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may _____.A. worsen political disputesB. mess up customer recordsC. pose a risk to Facebook usersD. mislead the European commission33. According to the author, competition law __A. should serve the new market powersB. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one legal solutionD. cannot keep pace with the changing market34. Competition law as presciently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because ______.A. They are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. the service is generally digitalD. the service are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate __A. a win-win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digitalgiants C. the benefits provided for digital giantscustomersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport,author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted Word, recommendsbuilding a habit of “deep work”-the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work-beit lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a dailyritual ;or taking a “journalistic ” approach to seizing momentsof deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is todetermine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends deep scheduling ”to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar,I protect this time lik e I would a doctor ’s appointment or important meeting, ”he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink howyou priorities you ’re day -in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford, author of messy: the power of Disorder to Transform Our lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to Set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals In much more detail, day学习资料While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily planswould be most effective when is come to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the bestresults.In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need toembrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy ”.“Idleness is not just a vacati on, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body...[idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done, ”he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard medical school, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brainswitches between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to bemore efficient.“what people don’t realize is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocused circuits in theirbrain ”, says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to_____.A. seize every minute to workB. list you immediate tasksC. make specific daily plansD. Keep to your focus time37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that____.A. students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsB.detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expectedC. distractions may actually increase efficiencyD.daily schedules are indispensable to studying38. According to Newport, idleness is ________.A. a desirable mental state for busy peopleB. a major contributor to physical healthC. an effective way to save time and energyD. an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brain ’s shift between being focused and in focused____A. can bring about greater efficiencyB. can result in psychological well-beingC. is driven by task urgencyD. is aimed at better balance in work40. This text is mainly about _______.A. Approaches to getting more done in less timeB. Ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeC. The key to eliminating distractionsD. The cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections ：You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choosethe most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45). Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET . （10 points ）A. Be presentB. Just say itC. Ask for an opinionD. Name, places, thingsE. Find the "me too" sF. Pay a unique complimentG. Skip the small talkFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which meanswhenyou have a conversation witha new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver,and new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply startinga conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the fit move and starta conversation with strangers.41Suppose you are in the room with someone you don ’t know & you lookacross the room and you see a stranger and something within you says thatI want to talk with this person & you know something that mostly happenswith all of us, you wanted to say something the First word. It just won’t comeout. It feels like it stuck somewhereand refused to comeout. I know the feeling & here is my advice “Just get it out ”.Just think what the wor st could happen. They won ’t talk with you.Well they are not talking with you now.I truly believe that once you said first word everything else justgets flows. So keep it simple “Hi” , ”Hey”or Hello & do what the best person in you does gather all of the enthusiasm, the energy, put on abig smile and say “Hi”.42It ’s problem all of us face; you have limited time with the personthat you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “h”, “hello ”, “how are you”and “what’s going on? ”, you will fail to give the initial joltto the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions, Trust me, you’llbe surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43When you meet the person for the first time make an efforts to findthe things which you and that person is in common so that you can buildthe conversation from that point. When you start conversation from thatpoint & then moveoutwards from there you will find all of the sudden that conversation become lot easier.44Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are justbusy their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask ”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact. Trust me, eye contact,you can feel the conversation.45 _______________You all came into a conversation where you met the person, but after sometime you mayhave met again and you forgotten their name. Isn ’t that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talkedwith. Perhaps places they have been to, the places they want to go, thethings they like, the things they hate-whatever you talk about.When you remember such things you can automatically become investorin their wellbeing. So they feel responsibility to you to keep thatrelationship going.That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation withalmost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with.参考答案及解析41. B Just say it.42.G Skip the small talk.43.E Find the “me too’s.44. A Be Present.45. D Name，Place，Thing.46. Direction:In this section there is a test in English. Translate it into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET. (15points)A fifth grader gets a homeworkassignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut ” but quickly adds “scientist ” to the list and select it as well. The boy is convinced thatif he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. Andso he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy ”at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet —not evenafter becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays，his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference book：recently ，he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works. “Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge, ”Gates says.参考答案：一个五年级的学生得到一份家庭作业，作业要求是从一系列职业中选择自己未来的职业道路。
2018年MBA管理类英语真题及答案解析
2018年MBA管理类英语真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inhere nt n eed toj_ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people willZ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3・In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wiseonsin School of Business tested students* willingness to ^themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6_an electric shock when clicked・Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 ・Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli,_9 the sound of fingem ails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects-The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for H or shelter ,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a goodinstinct- it can 12new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do J4 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ]_5 ,ho wever. In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to J_6 how they would feel after vie wing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that i magining the 18 of following through on one s curiosity ahead of time can help determine j_9 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects o f curiosity.M Hsee says .In other words,don't read online comments.1. A. resolve B. protect C・ discuss D. ignore2・A. refuse B. wait C.seek D. regret3.A. rise B. last C. mislead D. hurt4.A. alert B. tie C・ expose D .treat5・A. message B. trial C. review D. concept6・A. remove B. weaken C・ deliver D. interrupt7. A. Unless B.If C. Though D. When8. A. happen B. continue C. disappear D.change9. A. rather than B.such as C. regardless of D. owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. forget D・ discover11. A. pay B. marriage C.food D. schooling12.A. begin with B. rest on C. learn from D. lead to13.A. withdrawal B. inquiry C・ persistence D. diligence14A self-destructive B. self-reliant C・ self-evident D. self-deceptive15.A. resist B. define C. replace D. trace16.A. predict B. overlook C・ design D. conceal17. A. remember B.choose C. promise D. pretend18. A. relief B. plan C・ outcome D・ duty19.A. whether B. why C. where D. how20. A .limitations B. investments C. strategies D. consequences1.A解析：句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网的负面评论和明显很让人伤心的其它事情呢？”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有—不确定性的内在需求”。
2018年MBA联考-论述文范文
【2018年真题】有人说，机器人的使命应该是帮助人类做那些人类做不了的事情，而不是替代人类。
技术变革会夺取一些人低端繁琐的工作岗位，最终也会创造更高端更人性化的工作机会。
例如，铁路的出现抢去了很多挑夫的工作，但也增加了千百万的铁路工人。
人工智能是一种技术变革，人工智能也将会促进未来人类的生产生活。
有人则不以为然。
【例文】以辩证视角让人工智能为我所用近年来，人工智能取得了突飞猛进的成就，但人们对人工智能技术话题的争论也进入了白热化，人类既想享受人工智能带来的好处，又担心同步而来的威胁。
我认为，人类应该共同努力，合理开发，让人工智能造福人类。
首先，人工智能将会替人类完成许多低端化的工作。
它可以做大量人类不想做、不敢做、不能做的工作，而且机器精准度搞、成本低、可持续工作。
正如腾讯所推出的新闻写作机器人，十多分钟便能完成上千字文章的撰写和编辑，不仅大大提高工作效率，让新闻工作者从低效、重复的工作中解脱出来，去完成更高质量的工作，同时大众也能在最短的时间里获得最新的资讯，这难道不是我们每个人最愿看到的高效生活吗？其次，人工智能也会创造出许多新的工作机会。
对于人工智能的发展，有人担忧它会不会和人抢夺就业机会。
这种担心是多余的。
在近代，，铁路的出现抢去了很多挑夫的工作，但也增加了千百万的铁路工人。
同样，人工智能也必将像历史上所有技术变革一样，在夺取一些人低端繁琐的工作岗位的同时，最终也会创造更高端更人性化的工作机会。
人们对人工智能的担心，是担心机器人未来将学会像人类一样思考和适应，最终反克为主，甚至取代人类。
这样的失控确实是可怕的。
但这不仅是人类应用人工智能可能面临的问题，也是历史上引入任何技术都可能产生的问题。
试想，大到核能，小到刀具，哪个不是有益于人类但又可能伤害人类的人？难道因为可能的威胁就弃之不用吗？在历史上，人类还是凭借着高超的智慧，通过合理开发、有序利用、共同制约，获得了让核能等技术服务人类而非毁灭人类的结果，人工智能技术也应如此。
MBA考试《写作》历年真题精选及详细解析0814-44
MBA考试《写作》历年真题精选及详细解析0814-441、分析下述论证中存在的缺陷和漏洞，选择若干要点，写一篇600字左右的文章，对该论证的有效性进行分析和评论。
（论证有效性分析的一般要点是：概念特别是核心概念的界定和使用是否准确并前后一致，有无各种明显的逻辑错误，论证的论据是否成立并支持结论，结论成立的条件是否充分等等。
）“赢家诅咒”是一个经济学，也是行为金融学的概念。
最近，我一直在想，它会不会就要在中国楼市发生。
赢家诅咒的情形，主要发生在竞拍之中。
拍卖时，市场只有一个卖家，但买家有很多。
比如，古董、字画等艺术品，都会采取这种拍卖模式。
买家在竞买的过程中，需要不断加价，最后是出价最高者得。
但是，从常识来看，这样不断的买家“恶性竞争式”加价，会把一个拍卖品的价格抬得过高，大幅超越其本来应有的价值。
那么，最后付了巨资，拿到这个拍卖品的人可能会暗自后悔。
他拿到了那个拍卖品，是现场万众瞩目的人生赢家，但得到的却是一个“价值次品”——这些古人用过的瓶瓶罐罐或信手涂鸦根本就不值这个价。
这就是赢家诅咒。
从理论上讲，中国的房地产商和购房者都是有着赢家诅咒风险的一群人。
房地产商拿地，是竞拍的，卖家只有一个，即当地政府，而很多个买家竞价。
最后，楼面价不断被刷新。
对购房者而言，由于这个市场严重的信息不对称，所以，中介和房东（或者说先入楼市者）坐地起价、临时加价的现象司空见惯。
实际上，前段时间，某些城市的学区房抢购大战，已经有点类似于拍卖了。
真是天下奇观。
不过，由于中国楼市，特别是一线城市“永远涨”的预期，帮助面临赢家诅咒的地产商和购房者似乎破除了这个“诅咒”。
因为，还有更高的出价者来接盘。
“离婚购房”、“贷款千万购房”的人，是否就是这么想的？但是，这样的想法也许恰好就是即将崩盘的中国楼市“赢家诅咒”出现的前兆？【论证有效性分析】答案解析:参考范文：楼市真会出现赢家诅咒吗上文作者对于中国楼市赢家诅咒的担心看似有理，其实是难以必然成立的。
2018MBA、MPAcc联考管理类综合真题解析
2017 年管理类专业学位联考管理类综合真题解析（上海华是学院整理版权所有，转载请说明出处）一、问题求解题：第 1-15 题，每小题 3 分，共 45 分。
下列每题给出的 A 、B 、C 、D 、E 五 个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。
请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。
1． 某品牌的电冰箱连续两次降价 10% 后的售价是降价前的（）.（A ）80% （B ）81% （C ）82% （D ）83%（E ）85%解：选 B.设原来售价为 x 元，则现在变为2 x (1 10%) 81% x .2．甲、乙、丙三种货车的载重量成等差数列，2辆甲种车和1辆乙种车满载量为 95吨，1辆甲种车和3辆丙种车满载量为150吨，则用甲、乙、丙各 1辆车一次最多运送货物为（ ）.（A ）125吨 （B ）120吨 （C ）115吨 （D ）110吨（E ）105吨解：105，选 E . 设甲、乙、丙载重量分别为a d ，a ， a d吨，则 2(a d) a 95a d 3(a d ) 150 ，即3a 2d 95 4a 2d 150两式相加得：7a 245，即 a35, a d a d d 3a= 105. 3．张老师到一所中学进行招生咨询，上午接受了45名同学的咨询，其中 9位同学下午又咨询了张老师，占张老师下午咨询学生的 10% ，一天中向张老师咨询的学生人数为（ ）.（A ）81 （B ） 90 （C ）115 （D ）126（E ）135解：选 D. 45 9 10% 9 126. （9位同学下午又咨询了张老师，重复了）4．某种机器人可搜索到的区域是半径为1米的圆，若该机器人沿直线行走10米，则其搜索过的区域面积（单位：平方米）为（）.（A）10+ （B）102（C）20 （D）20+2 （E）10解：选 C. 搜索过的区域面积为一个长为10米，宽为2 米的长方形加上2个半径为1米的半圆，即2S=10 2+ 1 20 .5．不等式x 1 x 2的解集为（）.（A）,1 （B）, 32（C）321,（D） 1,（E）32,解：选 B. x 1 x 2 ，即x 1 2 x . (2 x) x 1 2 x ，即x 1 2 x，解之得(2 x) x 13x.26．在1与100之间，能被9整除的整数的平均值是（） .（A）27 （B）36（C）45 （D）54（E）63解：选 D. 能被9整除的整数，a1 9 ， a2 18，， a11 99 ，共 11 个，成等差数列，11 a a1 11公差d9. 平均值S aa 9 99 25411111x .1111 2 27． 某试卷由15道选择题组成，每道题有 4个选项，只有一项是符合试题要求的，甲有6 道题能确定正确选项， 有5道题能排除2个错误选项， 有4道题能排除1个错误选项， 若从每题排除后剩余的选项中选 1个作为答案，则甲得满分的概率为（）.（A ）1 1 . 4 523 （B ）1 1 . 5 42 3（C ） 1 1 5 42 3（D ）1 3. 4 2 45 513 （E ） 424解, 选 B. 甲得满分必须全对，后面 5道题每题对的概率为 1 2 ，4道题每题对的概率为 13，所以甲得满分的概率为 P A 5 4 1 1.2 3 . 8．某公司用 1万元购买了价格分别是1750元和 950元的甲、 乙两种办公设备， 则购买的甲、乙办公设备的件数分别为（ ）.（A ）3,5 （B ） 5,3 （C ） 4,4 （D ） 2,6（E ）6,2解：选 A. 设购买甲、乙两种办公设备各 x 、y 件，则 1750 x 950 y=10000 ，化简得： 35x 19 y=200 ，即197x y=40 ，观察发现 y 是5的倍数，只有5x y 3 5满足. 或者验证，从35入手， x 依次取 5、4、3，发现只有x y 3 5满足.9．如图，在扇形AOB中，A OB ，OA 1， AC OB ，4则阴影部分的面积为（） .（A）18 4 （B）18 8优质.参考.资料WORD格式.整理版（C）14 2 （D）14 4（E）14 8解：选 A. Rt OCA为等腰直角三角形，直角边2 OC AC ，245 1 2 212S阴影=S S R = 1扇形AOB t ACO360 2 2 2 84.10．老师问班上50多名同学周末复习的情况，结果有20人复习过数学，30人复习过语文，6人复习过英语，且同时复习了数学和语文的有10人、语文和英语的有2人、英语和数学的有3人，若同时复习过这三门课的人数为0，则没复习过这三门课程的学生人数为（）.（A）7 （B）8（C）9 （D）10（E）11解：选C，画出文氏图，这三门课程的学生人数没复习的：50 7 10 3 18 2 1 =9 .或者根据公式：全班复习过三门课程的同学P( A B C)P(A) P(B) P(C ) P( AB) P(BC ) P(AC) P (ABC )20 30 6 (10 2 3) 0 41 ，没复习过这三门课程的学生人数为50 41 9 . 11．甲从1, 2,3 中抽取一数，记为 a ；乙从 1, 2,3, 4中抽取一数，记为 b ；规定当a b 或a 1 b时甲获胜，则甲获胜的概率为（）.（A）16 （B）14（C）13 （D）512（E）12优质.参考.资料WORD格式.整理版解：选 E. a b时，a 2，b 1；a 3，b 2或1，即(2,1),(3,2),(3,1) 这 3 种.b a 1时，a 1，b 3或4；a 2，b 4；即(1,3),(1,4),(2,4) 这 3 种 .所以P(A) m3 3121 1n C C3 4.12．已知ABC和' ' 'A B C满足' ' ' 'AB : A B AC : AC 2:3 ，'A A ，则ABC与' ' 'A B C 的面积之比为（）.（A） 2 : 3 （B） 3 : 5 （C）2:3 （D）2:5（E）4:9解：选 E.'A A ，互补的两个角正弦值相等，根据三角形面积公式1S bcsin A，2马上可得面积之比为4:9 .13．将6人分为3组，每组2 人，则不同的分组方式共有（）.（A）12组（B）15组（C）30组（D）45组（E）90组解：选 B. N2 2 2C C C6 4 23P315 ，这里要求每组 2 人，属于均匀分堆问题，有重复，所以要除以3P . 如果题目改为将 6 人分为甲、乙、丙3组，每组2人，则不同的分组方式共有32 2 2C C C6 4 2 3 2 22N P C C C3 3 6 42P3 90.14．甲、乙、丙三人每轮各投篮10次，投了三轮，投中数如下图，记1, 2, 3 分别为甲、第一轮第二轮第三轮甲 2 5 8乙 5 2 5丙8 4 9 （A）1 2 3 （B） 1 32（C）2 1 3 （D） 2 31优质.参考.资料WORD 格式.整理版（E ）3 2 1解：选 B. 方差是描述数据波动大小的量，观察甲最大8，最小 2 ，波动为 6 ，较大；丙最大 9，最小 4，波动为5，一般；乙最大 5，最小 2，波动为 3，较小；所以选 B.或者利用公差计算公式x 甲 1= (2+5+8)=5, 311 22 2 2 S ( x x)(x x)... (x nx) 1 2n 122 2 (2 5)(5 5) (8 5) 6； 3，也可以 .1 x 乙= (5+2+5)=4 ， 32 13 2 2 2 (5 4) (2 4) (5 4) 2 ； 1 x = (8+4+9)=7丙 ，3 3 1 14 2 2 2 (8 7) (4 7) (9 7) 3 3. 即 1 32 . 15． 将长、宽、高分别是 12、9和 6 的长方体割成正方体，且切割后无剩余，则能切割成相同正方体的最少个数为（ ）. （A ）3 （B ） 6 （C ） 24 （D ）96（E ）648 解：选 C. 因为12、9、6 的最大公约数是 3, 所以切割成的正方体的棱长最大是3.12、9、6 除以 3商依次为4 、3、2，而 4 3 2 24 ，所以正方体的最少个数为 24 个，即 12 9 6 3324 . 二、条件充分性判断：第16-25 题，每小题 3 分，共 30 分。
MBA考试《写作》历年真题精选及详细解析0814-25
MBA考试《写作》历年真题精选及详细解析0814-251、分析下述论证中存在的缺陷和漏洞，选择若干要点，写一篇600字左右的文章，对该论证的有效性进行分析和评论。
（论证有效性分析的一般要点是：概念特别是核心概念的界定和使用是否准确并前后一致，有无各种明显的逻辑错误，论证的论据是否成立并支持结论，结论成立的条件是否充分等等。
）按照迈克尔•波特的战略理论，企业要获得竞争优势，可以采取三种战略：成本领先战略、差异化战略和集聚化战略。
逐渐意识到战略重要性的中国企业，已经开始在制定战略时运用西方战略理论成果。
当然这样的运用需要根据国情而定，不能照搬。
以差异化战略为例。
虽然中国企业目前的现实状况是普遍缺乏核心技术，但这也不妨碍中国企业寻求差异化的步伐。
从主观方面进行分析，差异化指的是超出竞争对手的部分，这体现在质量、服务、渠道或者满足消费者需求的速度等方面，这些方面中国企业还是大有可为的，如果中国企业把这些方面做上去，自然能够得到消费者的认可。
在美国，人均月收入3000美元左右，购买一台冰箱占消费者月收入的比例很低。
因此，消费者对价格并不敏感，也更倾向于购买价格较高的品牌产品。
这就是迈克尔•波特反复提醒中国企业家要回避价格战的原因。
而在中国，降价却是唯一能吸引消费者眼球的手段，所以中国企业深陷价格鏖战泥潭不可自拔。
现代管理学的发展已经有上百年的历史，这些理论基本上是在西方经济社会中总结出来的，其成熟性、有效性是毋庸置疑的，而中国也是快速发展的经济体，所以，现代管理学对中国企业的适用性也是显而易见的。
中国企业需要拿出些“拿来主义”精神，正所谓“首先复制就是创新”。
现实是，现在国内很多企业的经营和管理都非常粗放，经营决策往往“拍脑袋”。
中国企业亟需加强学习和借鉴，从而提升各级管理者的业务能力。
中国消费者现在的产品诉求越来越多元化，因此，差异化策略在中国将大有可为，只要国内企业虚心借鉴西方先进经验，中国企业实行差异化战略必定能取得成功。
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2018年MBA联考写作真题及答案解析
(1/1)论说文
第1题
分析下述论证中存在的缺陷和漏洞。
选择若干要点，写一篇600字左右的文章，对该论证的有效性进行分析和评论。
（论证有效性分析的一般要点是：概念特别是核心概念的界定和使用是否准确并前后一致。
有无各种明显的逻辑错误，论证的论据是否成立并支持结论，结论成立的条件是否充分等等。
）
哈佛大学教授本杰明?史华慈（Benjamin L Schwartz）在二十世纪末指出，开始席卷一切的物质主义潮流将极大地冲击人类社会固有的价值观念，造成人类精神世界的空虚，这一论点值得商榷。
首先，按照唯物主义物质决定精神的基本原理，精神是物质在人类头脑中的反映。
因此，物质丰富只会充实精神世界，物质主义潮流不可能造成人类精神世界的空虚。
其次，后物质主义理论认为：个人基本的物质生活条件一旦得到满足，就会把注意点转移到非物质方面。
物质生活丰裕的人，往往会更注重精神生活，追求社会公平，个人尊严等等。
还有，最近一项对某高校大学生的抽样调查表明，有69%的人认为物质生活丰富可以丰富人的精神生活，有22%的人认为物质生活和精神生活没有什么关系，只有9%的人认为物质生活丰富反而会降低人的精神追求。
总之，物质决定精神，社会物质生活水平的提高会促进人类精神世界的发展，担心物质生活的丰富会冲击人类的精神世界，这是杞人忧天罢了。
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参考答案：[参考范文] 有失偏颇的论证
上述论证通过一系列分析得出一个结论：物质生活水平的提高不会冲击人类的精神世界，会促进人类精神世界的发展。
但是，该论证在论证方法，推理过程中都存在不妥之处。
现分析如下：
首先，唯物主义原理中提到的物质决定精神，此“物质”并不是现实生活中的物质，二者之间有很大的区别，唯物主义原理中的物质是指客观存在的一种哲学范畴，而现实生活中的物质是可以指金钱、生活资料等。
而原文作者试图将两者混为一谈，有偷换概念之嫌，不能做为推出原文结论的依据。
其次，“物质潮流主义潮流不可能造成人类精神世界的空虚”此论断太过绝对。
人性的物质欲望是无穷无尽的，当物质逐渐将人淹没的时候，各种亲情友情可能荡然无存，会采取各种极端手段去攫取物质资料，这时候人类的精神世界怎么谈得上丰富呢?
再次，即使基本物质生活条件得到满足之后，注意力会转移到非物质生活，但是也不能说明物质主义潮流不会冲击精神世界。
也许在物质追求的驱使下会产生一些低俗的精神生活，比如网红经济赚钱了，大学生网红沉迷于直播等，这又是对人类精神世界造成负责面影响。
最后，仅仅通过一项会对高校大学生的抽样调查就得出物质生活丰富就能丰富人的精神，这种论证方式是以偏概全的。
高校大学生这个群体只是广大社会成员中的一小部分，他们尚未踏入社会，对于物质与精神的理解没有经过实践的检验，未免会显得有些不成熟。
上文通过以上不合理的论证，得出的结论也难免有草率，轻断之嫌。
详细解答：(1)什么是物质主义潮流?作者没有给出清晰的界定。
在论证中混淆了，物质与物质主义。
(2)唯物主义基本原理中的“物质”与现实世界中的物质是不同的，论证者有偷换概念之嫌。
(3)物质主义潮流真的不可能造成人类精神世界的空虚吗?这一断定未免过于绝对。
(4)以后物质主义的理论质疑本杰明教授的理论，需要预设后物质主义的理论是正确的，至。