北京旅游景点故宫博物院(中英文版)
故宫英文简介带翻译
故宫英文简介带翻译The Forbidden City: A Brief Introduction。
故宫,简介。
The Forbidden City, also known as the Palace Museum, is a world-famous attraction located in the heart of Beijing, China. It was the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties and served as the political and ceremonial center of China for over 500 years. Today, it is one of the most visited museums in the world, attracting millions of visitors each year.故宫,又称为故宫博物院,是位于中国北京市中心的世界著名景点。
它是明清两朝的皇宫,是中国政治和礼仪中心长达500多年的历史。
如今,故宫是世界上最受欢迎的博物馆之一,每年吸引数百万游客前来参观。
The Forbidden City covers an area of 720,000 square meters and contains 980 buildings. It is surrounded by a52-meter-wide moat and a 10-meter-high wall. The palace complex is divided into two parts: the Outer Court, where the emperor held grand ceremonies and conducted state affairs, and the Inner Court, where the emperor and his family lived.故宫占地面积达72万平方米,包括980座建筑。
北京故宫导游词-中英对照版
故宫导游解说词—--—————----—-—-—-——-———-———-——---—----—-——-——--—--—--—-—--———--———--—--——-——-——女士们、先生们:今天有幸陪同大家一道参观,我感到很高兴。
这里就是世界闻名的故宫博物馆,一般大家都简称它为故宫,顾名思义,就是昔日的皇家宫殿。
自1911年清朝末代皇帝爱新觉罗.溥仪被迫宣告退位上溯至1420年明朝第三代永乐皇帝朱棣迁都于此,先后有明朝的14位,清朝的10位,共24位皇帝在这座金碧辉煌的宫城里统治中国长达五个世纪之久。
帝王之家,自然规模宏大,气势磅礴,时至今日这里不仅在中国,在世界上也是规模最大,保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿建筑群。
由于这座宫城集中体现了我国古代建筑艺术的优秀传统和独特风格,所以在建筑史上具有十分重要的地位,是建筑艺术的经典之作,1987年已被联合国教科文组织评定为世界文化遗产。
This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today。
Under Ming Emperor Yongle,construction began in 1406。
It took 14years to build the Forbidden City。
The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi。
For five centuries thereafter,it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .In 1987,the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy。
北京旅游大全景点介绍中英双语版
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////北京旅游景点介绍1、北京天安门广场与人民英雄纪念碑Beijing Tiananmen square and the monument to the people's heroes2、景点简介:Scenic Spots IntroductionIt is the capital of the symbol of Beijing。
It is located in the capital of the people's Republic of Beijing city center,east of Chang'an Avenue, south of the Imperial Palace。
It is surrounded by the front door, the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall, the monument to the people's heroes, Tiananmen, the Imperial Palace, the Museum of the Chinese revolution, the Great Hall of the people, the working people's Cultural Palace, Zhongshan Park, the National Grand Theater and so on.首都北京的象征。
它坐落在中华人民共和国首都北京的市中心的东长安街上,故宫南侧。
周围有前门、毛主席纪念堂、人民英雄纪念碑、天安门城楼、故宫、中国革命历史博物馆、人民大会堂、劳动人民文化宫、中山公园、国家大剧院等景点。
北京旅游景点介绍-中英对照
1.故宫故宫又名紫禁城,位于北京市中心、天安门广场北1km,景山南门对面。
故宫外围是一条护城河,河内是周长3km、高近10米的城墙,城墙四面都有门,南有午门,北有神武门,东有东华门,西有西华门;城墙四角还耸立着4座角楼,造型别致,玲珑剔透。
故宫大体可分为两部分,南为工作区,即外朝;北为生活区,即内廷。
其所有建筑排列在中轴线上,东西对称。
在居住区以北还有一个小巧别致的御花园,是皇室人员游玩之所。
现在故宫的一些宫殿中设有综合性展览,收藏有大量古代艺术珍品,是中国文物收藏最丰富的博物馆。
1. The Imperial PalaceThe Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, is located in the center of Beij ing City, 1 km north from the Tiananmen Square, right opposite the south gate of Jing shan Mountain. Outside the Imperial Palace lies a moat, on the inner side of which the re‟s the city wall whose perimeter is 3 km with a height of nearly 10 meters. The wall has one gate on each side: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate to the nor th, the Donghua Gate to the east and the Xihua Gate to the west; besides, there‟re four exquisitely carved unique turrets standing at each corner of the wall. The Forbidden City can be roughly divided into two parts: the southern part, the working area, is call ed “the outer court” and the northern part, the living area, is regarded as “the imperial palace”. All the constructions of the Imperial Palace are arranged orderly on the centr al axis with eastwest symmetry. To the north of the living area is the small but unique Imperial Garden where the royal family amuse themselves.Nowadays, some palaces in the Forbidden City have been equipped with comprehensi ve exhibitions where abundant ancient art treasures are collected. The National Palace Museum is the museum that collects the most cultural relics in China.2.天坛公园天坛位于北京城南端,是明清两代皇帝祭祀天地之神和祈祷五谷丰收的地方。
北京主要景点介绍英文版
北京主要景点介绍英文版Beijing, the capital city of China, is a vibrant and culturally rich destination that is home to a plethora of historical and cultural attractions. Here is a brief introduction to some of the main景点in Beijing:1. The Forbidden City (故宫): The Forbidden City, also known as the故宫, is a vast complex of palaces and courtyards that served as the royal court of the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is the largest ancient wooden building complex in China and is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site.2. The Great Wall (长城): The Great Wall, also known as the万里长城, is a series of fortifications built along the northern borders of China to protect against invasions. It is one of the most famous symbols of China and is a must-visit for anyone who loves history or wants to experience the grandeur of China's ancient past.3. The Summer Palace (颐和园): The Summer Palace is a beautiful皇家园林that was once the imperial retreat during the Qing dynasty. It is known for its scenic beauty, elaborate architecture, and extensive gardens that are filled with pavilions, temples, and lakes.4. The Temple of Heaven (天坛): The Temple of Heaven is a complex of temples and sacrificial altars that was used by emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties for祭祀仪式. It is known for its iconic circular stone pavements that are surrounded by cypress trees and impressive altars.5. The Hutong (胡同): The Hutong is the traditional alleyway or street thatis found in Beijing's old市区and is a unique feature of the city's urban landscape. These narrow lanes are lined with houses, workshops, and workshops that have been standing for generations, offering a glimpse into the daily life of Beijing's residents.6. The Nan Luo Gu Xiang (南锣鼓巷): Nan Luo Gu Xiang is a popular tourist destination that is known for its preserved明清建筑and vibrant atmosphere. This area is filled with trendy cafes, art galleries, and boutique shops that offer a taste of traditional culture and modern urban life in Beijing.These are just a few of the many attractions that await visitors to Beijing. Whether you are interested in history, culture, or just want to experience the pulse of Beijing's modern city life, there is something for everyone to enjoy in this captivating capital city.。
故宫景点名称中英对照
故宫景点名称中英对照故宫,位于中国北京市中心,是明清两代的皇家宫殿,也是中国最大、最完整的木质结构古建筑群。
它被誉为“东方的大皇宫”,是中华民族优秀文化的瑰宝。
下面,我们来详细了解故宫的主要景点及其中英对照名称。
1.故宫博物院(Palace Museum)故宫博物院是中国最大的博物馆,收藏了丰富的古代文物和艺术品。
在这里,游客可以欣赏到历代皇帝的珍藏,包括陶瓷、书画、玉器等。
2.紫禁城(Forbidden City)紫禁城是故宫的主体建筑,曾是明清皇帝居住和办公的地方。
这里的宫殿、楼阁、花园等共有九千余间,宏伟壮观。
3.太和殿(Hall of Supreme Harmony)太和殿是紫禁城内最重要的建筑,皇帝举行盛大庆典和重大仪式的场所。
殿内金碧辉煌,雕刻精美,体现了古代建筑艺术的卓越成就。
4.中和殿(Hall of Central Harmony)中和殿是皇帝在太和殿举行仪式前休息的地方,建筑风格典雅,富有诗意。
5.保和殿(Hall of Preserving Harmony)保和殿是皇帝宴请王公大臣的地方,殿内装饰华丽,有精美的雕刻和绘画。
6.乾清宫(Palace of Heavenly Purity)乾清宫是皇帝和皇后居住的地方,建筑布局严谨,富有神秘色彩。
7.坤宁宫(Palace of Earthly Tranquility)坤宁宫是皇后居住的地方,与乾清宫相对,寓意天地和谐。
8.御花园(Imperial Garden)御花园是皇帝休闲游玩的地方,园内古树参天,假山错落,景色宜人。
9.九龙壁(Nine-Dragon Wall)九龙壁是故宫著名的壁雕,采用琉璃烧制而成,色彩鲜艳,形象生动。
10.钟鼓楼(Clock and Drum Towers)钟鼓楼位于故宫的南北两侧,分别为报时和报警之用。
古建筑与现代都市相映成趣,成为北京的标志性建筑之一。
总之,故宫是举世闻名的文化遗产,吸引了无数游客前来欣赏。
北京旅游景点介绍-中英对照
1.故宫故宫又名紫禁城,位于北京市中心、天安门广场北1km,景山南门对面。
故宫外围是一条护城河,河内是周长3km、高近10米的城墙,城墙四面都有门,南有午门,北有神武门,东有东华门,西有西华门;城墙四角还耸立着4座角楼,造型别致,玲珑剔透。
故宫大体可分为两部分,南为工作区,即外朝;北为生活区,即内廷。
其所有建筑排列在中轴线上,东西对称。
在居住区以北还有一个小巧别致的御花园,是皇室人员游玩之所。
现在故宫的一些宫殿中设有综合性展览,收藏有大量古代艺术珍品,是中国文物收藏最丰富的博物馆。
1. The Imperial PalaceThe Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, is located in the center of Beij ing City, 1 km north from the Tiananmen Square, right opposite the south gate of Jing shan Mountain. Outside the Imperial Palace lies a moat, on the inner side of which the re‟s the city wall whose perimeter is 3 km with a height of nearly 10 meters. The wall has one gate on each side: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate to the nor th, the Donghua Gate to the east and the Xihua Gate to the west; besides, there‟re four exquisitely carved unique turrets standing at each corner of the wall. The Forbidden City can be roughly divided into two parts: the southern part, the working area, is call ed “the outer court” and the northern part, the living area, is regarded as “the imperial palace”. All the constructions of the Imperial Palace are arranged orderly on the centr al axis with eastwest symmetry. To the north of the living area is the small but unique Imperial Garden where the royal family amuse themselves.Nowadays, some palaces in the Forbidden City have been equipped with comprehensi ve exhibitions where abundant ancient art treasures are collected. The National Palace Museum is the museum that collects the most cultural relics in China.2.天坛公园天坛位于北京城南端,是明清两代皇帝祭祀天地之神和祈祷五谷丰收的地方。
故宫导游中英解说词
故宫导游中英解说词第一篇:故宫导游中英解说词北京故宫博物院中英文导游词Hello, everyone,We are now going to pay a visit to a place of special interest.This scenic spot is located at the center of Beijing and is characterized by thousands of palatial architectures and purple walls as well as yellow glazed tile roofs-it is simply a sea of palaces.This is the world –famous wonder –the Palace Museum.The Palace Museum has served as the royal residence during the Ming and Qing dynasties.It was here that a total of 24 monarchs ascended the throne and wielded power for some 500 years.The Palace Museum, as the most beautiful spot of interest throughout Beijing, is unique for its location: to the northwest is Beihai(North Sea)Park, famous for its white pagoda and rippling lake;to the west is the Zhongnahai(central and south sea);to the east lies the the Wangfujing Shopping Street;and to the north id Jinshan Park.Standing in the Wanchun(Everlasting Spring)Pavilion at the top of Jingshan(Charcoal Hill)Park, you overlook the skyline of the palace Museum.At the southern end of the palace is Tian` anmen(Gate of Heavenly Peace)and the famous square named after it.This is the symbol of the People` s Republic of China.A world-famous historical site, the Palace Museum is on the World Heritage List of UNESCO and is an embodiment of oriental civilization.The Palace Museum is rectangular in shape, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, covering a space of 720,000 square meters of which 150,000 is building area.It has 9000-strong rooms in it.According to legend there are 9999.5 room-units in all.The whole compound is enclosed by a 10-meter-hignwall and is accessed through four entrances, namely, the meridian Gate in the south ,the Gate of Military Prowess in the north, Donghua(Eastern Flowery)Gate in the north, Donghua(Eastern Flowery)Gate in the east and Xihua(Western Flowery)Gate in the west.On each corner there is a turret consisted of 9 roof beams, 18 pillars and 72 ridge.Encircling the compound there is a 3,800-meter-long and 52 meter-wide moat, making the Palace Museum a self-defensive city-within-a city.The Palace Museum was made a center of rule during the Ming Dynasty by Zhun Di, The fourth son of the founding emperor Zhuyuanzhang.The whole complex straddles on an 8-kilometers-long central axis that stretches from Yongding(Forever Stable)Gate in the south to Gulou(Drum Tower)in the north.Prominence was given to the royal power by putting the “three main front halls” and “three back halls ”on the axis while arrange other subsidiary structure around them.The construction of the Palace Museum involved manpower and resources across China.For example, the bricks laid in the halls ,known as “gold brick,” underwent complex, two –dozen processes.As the final touch ,the fired bricks were dipped in Chinese wood oil.Involving complicated processes and high cost, these brick are called “golden bricks.” The Palace Museum serves as a living embodiment of good tradition and styles unique to China` s ancient architecture.It reflects to the full the ingenuity and creativity of the Chinese working people.A carefully preserved and complete group of royal residences, the Palace Museum is a prominent historical and tourist site.What we are now approaching is the main entrance to the Palace Museum-the Meridian Gate, which is characterized by red walls, yellow glazed –tile roofs and upturned eaves.On top of this walls,yellow glazed-tile roofs and upturned eaves.On top of this magnificent building ,there stand five lofty halls with a main hall in the center.The main hall is roofed by multiple eaves and covers a space of 9 room-units.It is flanked by two wings on each side.The wings are square in shape ,complete with multiple and four edged eaves and pinnacles.All of these structures are connected by a colonnade.Because these halls resemble a soaring bird, it was also know as wufenglou(Five-phoenix Tower).Inside the main hall there is a throne.Drums and bells were stored in the wings.Whenever the emperor presided over grand ceremonies or observed rites in the Hall of Upreme Harmony, drums, bells and gongs would be struck to mark the occasion.As the legend goes, the Meridian Gate used to be a place where condemned ranking officials would be executed.This not true.However, flogging was carried out here by the Ming emperors ,If a courtier falls afoul of the emperor, he would be stripped of his court dress and flogging with a stick.At one point the punishment became so harsh that a total of 11 people died from fatal wound on a single occasion.On the other hand, this building was also used to observe important occasions like the traditional Chinese Lantern Festival(15th day of the first lunar month).On these occasions, Chinese lanterns would be hanged and sumptuous banquets would be given in honour of the whole court of ministers and other ranking officials.Upon entering the Meridian Gate we began our tour of the Palace Museum.The river foowing in front of us is known as Jin Shui He(Golden Water River)and the five marbles bridges spanning it are known as the Inner Golden Water Bridges.The on in the middle was used exclusive by the emperor and its banisters were carved with dragon and phoenix designs.The bridges flanking the imperialone were reserved for princes and other royal members.The rest were used by palatines.Aside from decoration, the golden Water River was also dug as precaution against fire.Most of the structures within the palace Museum are made of wood.What is more ,according to ancient Chinese cosmology, the South is the abode of fire, so this brook was dug on the southern tip of the Palace.In this way, the Palace Museum reflects traditional Chinese culture.This building is called the Gate of Supreme Harmony.In the foreground stand two bronze lions.Can anybody tell which is male and which is female? The one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity.The other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female? The one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity.The other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female, representing prosperity the endless succession.A layout of the Palace Museum is posted by the entrance.From it ,you can see that the Palace Museum has two main parts: the forecourt and the inner court.The three main halls constitute the mainstay of the forecourt, and it was here that the emperor announced decisions and observed rites.Behind the forecourt there is the inner court, consisting of major halls and the Imperial Garden.It was where the emperor attended state affairs, lived and enjoyed his luxurious life.The exhibition system of the Palace Museum involves historical court relics and articles of ancient art and culture.The Palace Museum houses nearly one million articles of rare treasure, or one sixth of the total number in all of China `s museums.There are the three main halls of the Palace museum, built on a triple marble terrace.Since most of China `s architecture is made of wood, the buildings cannot be too tall.T o gain the height of the architecture, ingenious ancientartisans built the hall on a gigantic stone terrace.It is also to this end that not a single plant was grown in the square.On stairways of triple marble terrace there are 18 bronze tripods.The verandah is flanked by bronze tortoises and cranes, which served as symbols of longevity.On the east is a sundial, an ancient timepiece.On the west there is a grain measure suggesting that the emperor was just and equitable.In the front and on each flank ,there is a pair of gilt bronze vats(caldrons)molded during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty.Each of these weights 2 tons and is filled with water as a precaution in the event of a fire.The structure in the very middle is the Hall of Supreme Harmony ,also known as the throne hall.It is 64 meters in width and is 38 meters from entrance to rear.With terrace exclusive ,the hall is 26.92 meters in height and is 35.03 meters in all.Covering and areaof 2,377 square meters, the Hall of Supreme Harmony is China` s largest exiting wooden structure.The hall is supported by 6 thick ,round pillars carved in a design of coiling dragons.As the holiest place in the hall, the ceiling and colored patterns were made of the finest material available at that time.The throne was placed on a terrace and is flanked by statues of elephants, Luduan(a unicorn which could travel 18,000 kilometers a day and understand all languages), cranes and incense barrels.Over the throne there is the caisson ,or covered ceiling ,which consists of a coiling dragon playing with a ball in its mouth.This ball is known as Xuanyuan Mirror ,and was supposedly made by a Chinese emperor of remote times to serve as a reminder that thee rulers to follow were his hereditary heirs.The throne is made of nanmu and painted in gold.Magnificently built and luxuriously decorated ,this hall did not serve as a place in which the emperor attended to daily affairs.He used his hall for major events such ashis birthday, conferral of title of empress or dispatch of generals to war.Behind the Hall of Supreme Harmony ,there sits the Hall of Complete Harmony.This structure is square in shape.Each side is 24.15 meters.This was the place where the emperor relaxed and greeted his courtiers before proceeding to the hall of supreme Harmony to observe rites.This was also the place where the emperor prepared prayers or examined seeds and sowers before he attended ancestral sacrifices or participated in snowing ceremonies.A grand ceremony was also held here once every 10 years for the emperor to genealogize the royal blood.There are two sedan chairs on display in the hall.Behind the Hall of Complete Harmony ,you will see the Hall of Preserving Harmony, which was used as a place where imperial examinations were held.The imperial examination was the hignest level of competing for meritorious appointment under the feudal system dating back to the Sui Dynasty.China` s last imperial examination was held in 1904 during the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty.T o the rear of hall there is a marble ramp carved with cloud and dragon designs, the largest of its kind in the whole country.It is 16.57 meters in length, 3.07 meters in width, 1.7 meters thick and weighs 250 tons.It was quarried in Fangshan County in suburban Beijing.To bring this giant piece of stone to Beijing people poured water onto the road and applied rolling blocks during the process.We are now standing before the square of the Hall of Heaven Purity.It served as a divide separating the forecourt from the inner court.This building is known as the Gate of Heavenly Purity.Emperor Qianlong held court here.Proceeding further north ,you can find three main rear halls ,i.e.the hall of heavenly purity.the Hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility.The hall of heavenly purity ifflanked on either side by two gates named after the sun and moon.Inside the enclosure there are 12 palaces and halls symbolizing constellations.All of the other buildings are centered around the Palace of Heavenly Purity , which was meant to suggest that the monarch` s power was endowed by Heaven.The empress and concubines lived in the inner court.The hall of heavenly purity was where the emperor lived and attended to daily ter the emperor moved to live in the Palace of Mental cultivation.Looking up you can see a plaque bearing the Chinese inscription “be open and above-board,” a manifesto to court struggle.Behind the plaque a strongbox was stored containing a will bearing the name of the would –be royal successor.This approach of secretly selecting the next emperor was adopted by Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty.Two copies of the will were prepared.One was stashed by the emperor in person ,the other was placed inside the strong box behind the plaque.After the death of the emperor, the two copies would be compared and successor would be announced.It was in this way that Emperor Qianglong and others have ascended the throne.Behind the Hall of heavenly purity you will see the hall of union and peace , which is indentical to the hall of complete harmony.It was there that the emperor received congratulations and tributes from imperial officials on major calender occasions , A total of 25 imperial seals are stored there.In the hall, you will see a plaque with the handwritten inscription of “we wei,” exhorting Taoist doctrines.Further northward is the Palace of Earthly Tranquillity, which once served as the living room of the empresses`.The hall was later converted into a sacrificial place.Through the windowpanes on the eastern wall you can see the royal bed decorated with dragon and phoenix designs.Thishall has also served as the bridal chamber of monarchs.The Gate of Earthly Tranquilliity leads to the Imperial garden(known to westerners as Qianlong` s Garden),which was used by the emperor ,the empress, and the concubines.A magnificent structure stands in the middle.It is called the Qin `s an(Imperial Peace)Hall.It is the only building in the Palace Museum that was built in Taoist style.It served as a shrine to the Taoist deity.The garden covers a space of 12,000 square meters ,and is 130 meters from east to the west and some 90 meters from north to the south.There are a dozen halls, verandahs, pavilions and waterside houses in the garden.On each of the fur corner there is a pavilion dedicated to the four seasons which is different in construction style and shape.The garden also features an imperial landscape.With rare trees and exotic rockery, the Imperial Garden served as a model for China` s imperial parks.In all ,a total of 10-strong building styles were applied.The tall building we are now passing is the gate of military prowess, the back door of the Palace Museum.Our visit is now drawing to a conclusion but the architectures of the Palace are not.On the other side of the road is the 43-meter-hign Charcoal Hill , providing natural protection for the Forbidden City.This was also an embodiment of China` s construction style-putting a pool in the front and a hill in the rear.Now let` s climb up to Wanchun(Everlasting Springs)Pavillion where we` ll have a great view of the Palace Museum.(进午门之后)进了故宫,大家首先看见的就是人……为什么这么多人来到这里呢?因为明朝永乐年间,一百万劳工花了十四年的时间修筑起来的故宫是世界是最大的宫殿,非常有名。
北京旅游景点的中英文介绍
北京旅游景点的中英文介绍天安门广场 Tian’an Men Square故宫 Former Imperial Palace天坛 Temple of Heaven地坛 The Temple of Earth长城 the Great Wall颐和园 the Summer Palace十三陵 the Ming Tombs雍和宫 Yonghegong Lamasery卢沟桥 Lugou Bridge碧云寺 Biyun Temple潭柘寺 Tanzhe Temple卧佛寺 Wofo Temple戒台寺 Jietai Temple法海寺 Fahai Temple云居寺 Yunju Temple白云寺 Baiyun Temple白云观 the White Cloud Taoist Temple恭王府 Prince Gong’s Mansion清东陵 Eastern Royal Tombs of the Qing Dynasty乾清宫 Palace of Heavenly Purity北海公园 Beihai Park香山公园 Xiangshan Park世界公园 Beijing World Park圆明园遗址 the Ruins of Yuanmingyuan北京动物园 Beijing Zoo 中华世纪坛 China Century Altar故宫博物院 the Palace Museum人民大会堂 the Great Hall of the People民族文化宫 the Cultural Palace for Nationalities 劳动人民文化宫 Working People's Cultural Palace北京工人体育馆 Beijing Worker's Stadium革命历史博物馆 the Museum of Revolutionary History。
故宫中英文对照介绍
故宫中英文对照介绍The Palace Museum, also known as the Forbidden City, is a world-renowned cultural heritage site located in the heart of Beijing, China. It served as the imperial palace for 24 emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties, spanning over 500 years from 1420 to 1912. Now, let's explore the magnificent Forbidden City and its fascinating history.The Forbidden City is a vast complex covering an area of 720,000 square meters, making it the largest palace complex in the world. It is surrounded by a 10-meter high wall and a moat, symbolizing the exclusivity and secrecy of the imperial palace during ancient times.The main entrance to the Forbidden City is through the Meridian Gate, which leads to the outer court. This area consists of three main halls: the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Central Harmony, and the Hall of Preserving Harmony. These halls were used for important ceremonial occasions such as the emperor's enthronement and birthday celebrations.Moving further into the inner court, you will find the Hall of Heavenly Purity, which served as the emperor'sliving quarters. Adjacent to it is the Hall of Union, where the emperor would handle daily affairs and meet with officials. The most iconic building in the Forbidden Cityis the Palace of Heavenly Purity, which was the residenceof the emperor and his empress.Another significant area in the Forbidden City is the Imperial Garden, located at the northern end of the complex. This garden was designed as a private retreat for the imperial family, with beautiful pavilions, rockeries, and ancient trees. It offers a tranquil oasis amidst the grandeur of the palace.The Forbidden City is not only famous for itsarchitectural splendor but also for its vast collection of cultural artifacts. The Palace Museum houses over 1.8million pieces of art and historical relics, including paintings, calligraphy, ceramics, and jade carvings. These treasures provide valuable insights into Chinese history, art, and culture.Now, let's switch to Chinese to provide a brief introduction to the Forbidden City.故宫,又称为紫禁城,是位于中国北京市中心的世界知名文化遗产。
故宫导游词英文带翻译
故宫导游词英文带翻译Let me introduce you to the Palace Museum, also known as the Forbidden City. The Forbidden City is the largest and most well-preserved imperial palace complex in the world. Its history can be traced back to the early 15th century when it was built during the Ming dynasty.让我向您介绍故宫博物院,也被称为紫禁城。
紫禁城是世界上最大、保存最完好的皇宫建筑群。
其历史可以追溯到15世纪初明朝时期的建造。
The Forbidden City consists of two main parts: the Outer Court for ceremonies and the Inner Court for residence. The architecture of the Forbidden City is a masterpiece of ancient Chinese architecture with its red walls, golden roofs, and numerous halls, pavilions, and gardens.紫禁城主要由两部分组成:外朝和内廷。
外朝是举行宴会及其他重要活动的地方,内廷是皇帝及其家族居住及办公的地方。
紫禁城建筑是古代中国建筑的杰作,其红色的围墙、金色的屋顶,以及众多的殿堂、亭台和园林都是不可错过的。
As we visit each hall, you will learn about the historical significance of each one, the treasures it holds, and the stories behind them. You will see collections of fine art, ancient books, jade carvings, and many other cultural relics.在我们参观每个殿堂时,您将了解到每个殿堂的历史意义、珍宝以及其中的故事。
故宫导游词中英文
故宫导游词中英文Introduction:故宫(Gùgōng), also known as the Palace Museum, is one of the most popular tourist destinations in China. It is located in the heart of Beijing, covering an area of 720,000 square meters. The Palace Museum consists of over 980 buildings and contains more than 1.8 million historic artifacts.As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Palace Museum attracts millions of tourists from all over the world every year. To provide a better cultural and historical experience for visitors, the museum offers a variety of guided tours. In this article, we'll take a closer look at the English and Chinese language used in the Palace Museum's guided tours.Basic Vocabulary:To start, let's review some basic vocabulary that you might encounter during a guided tour of the Palace Museum.- 故宫(Gùgōng) - Palace Museum- 皇城(Huángchéng) - Imperial City- 御花园(Yùhuāyuán) - Imperial Garden- 太和殿(Tàihédìan) - Hall of Supreme Harmony- 中和殿(Zhōnghédìan) - Hall of Central Harmony- 保和殿(Bǎohédìan) - Hall of Preserving Harmony- 乾清宫(Qiánqīnggōng) - Palace of Heavenly Purity-燕京八景(Yānjīng bā jǐng) - Eight Scenic Spots of YanjingAs you can see, many of the names and phrases used in a Palace Museum tour are specific to the history and culture of China's imperial past.Use of Chinese and English:During a Palace Museum guided tour, it is common for the tour guide to speak in both Chinese and English. Often, the guide will speak in Chinese first and then translate into English. This allows visitors who aren't fluent in Chinese to still understand the information being shared.However, there are some nuances to the use of both languages during a Palace Museum tour. For example, the names of specific buildings or artifacts are often easier to pronounce in Chinese than in English. Therefore, it is common for the guide to use the Chinese name of a building first and then provide the English translation. This can sometimes be confusing forEnglish-speaking visitors, but it's important to note that this is done to ensure accuracy and clarity.Another aspect of the English used in Palace Museum tours is the level of language used. Since the tour is designed for a wide variety of visitors from all over the world, the English used is often simpler and less technical than it might be in other contexts. This means that visitors with a basic understanding of English should still be able to follow along during the tour.Examples of Palace Museum Guided Tours:Let's take a look at some examples of the language used in Palace Museum guided tours for specific buildings and artifacts.1. 太和殿(Tàihédìan) - Hall of Supreme HarmonyChinese: 太和殿是紫禁城最大的殿堂,也是皇帝召开重要仪式和庆典的场所。
北京故宫旅游介绍英文作文
北京故宫旅游介绍英文作文Title: Exploring the Forbidden City: A Guide toBeijing's Imperial Palace。
Beijing's Forbidden City, also known as the Palace Museum, stands as a testament to China's imperial history and architectural grandeur. As one of the most iconic landmarks in the world, the Forbidden City attractsmillions of visitors each year, eager to immerse themselves in its rich culture and storied past.Historical Background:The Forbidden City was constructed during the Ming Dynasty in the early 15th century and served as theimperial palace for nearly 500 years, housing emperors and their households. With its intricate design and meticulous layout, the palace complex symbolized the supreme power of the Chinese emperor and the magnificence of the imperial court.Architecture and Layout:Spread over 180 acres, the Forbidden City boasts over 800 buildings, making it the largest palace complex in the world. Its architecture reflects traditional Chinesepalatial style, characterized by intricate wooden carvings, colorful roofs adorned with mythical creatures, and expansive courtyards enclosed by vermilion walls.The palace is divided into two main sections: the Outer Court and the Inner Court. The Outer Court, accessible to the public, consists of grand halls and ceremonial spaces where official state affairs were conducted. Notable attractions in this area include the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Central Harmony, and the Hall of Preserving Harmony.In contrast, the Inner Court was reserved for the emperor and his family. It comprises lavish living quarters, private gardens, and the renowned Hall of Heavenly Purity. Visitors can explore the living quarters of the imperialfamily, gaining insight into their daily lives and rituals.Highlights and Must-See Attractions:1. Hall of Supreme Harmony: This magnificent hall served as the venue for important state ceremonies and imperial banquets. Its imposing structure and ornate decorations exemplify the pinnacle of Chinese architectural prowess.2. Meridian Gate: As the main entrance to the Forbidden City, the Meridian Gate is adorned with five pavilions and intricate carvings, representing the authority and majesty of the imperial court.3. Palace of Heavenly Purity: Within the Inner Court, this palace served as the residence of the emperor.Visitors can marvel at its opulent interiors and learn about the emperor's private life and governance.4. Imperial Garden: Situated at the rear of the palace complex, the Imperial Garden offers a serene retreat fromthe bustling city streets. Its landscaped gardens, pavilions, and ancient trees provide a glimpse into the leisurely pursuits of the imperial family.Visitor Experience:Exploring the Forbidden City is a captivating journey through China's imperial past. As visitors meander through its labyrinthine corridors and vast courtyards, they are transported back in time to an era of dynastic splendor and intrigue.To make the most of your visit, consider hiring a knowledgeable guide who can provide insights into the history and significance of each architectural marvel. Additionally, be prepared for large crowds, especially during peak tourist seasons, and allocate ample time to fully appreciate the grandeur of the palace complex.Conclusion:In conclusion, a visit to Beijing's Forbidden City is amust for anyone interested in China's rich cultural heritage and imperial history. From its awe-inspiring architecture to its fascinating historical artifacts, the palace museum offers a glimpse into a bygone era of dynastic rule and imperial extravagance. Whether you're a history enthusiast, architecture aficionado, or simply a curious traveler, the Forbidden City promises an unforgettable experience that will leave you in awe of China's glorious past.。
名胜古迹作文英语1300字:故宫博物院(ThePalaceMuseum)
名胜古迹作文英语1300字:故宫博物院(ThePalaceMuseum)名胜古迹作文英语1300字:故宫博物院(The Palace Museum) what strikes one first in a bird s -eye view of beijing proper is a vast tract of golden roofs flashing brilliantly in the sun with purple walls occasionally emerging amid them and a stretch of luxuriant tree leaves flanking on each side. that is the former imperial palace, popularly known as the forbidden city, from which twenty-four emperors of the ming and qing dynasties ruled china for some 500 years--from1420 to 1911. the ming emperor yong le, who usurped the throne from his nephew and made beijing the capital, ordered its construction, on which approximately 10,000 artists and a million workmen toiled for 14 years from 1408 to 1420. at present, the palace is an elaborate museum that presents the largest and most complete ensemble of traditional architecture complex and more than 900,000 pieces of court treasures in all dynasties in china.located in the center of beijing, the entire palace area, rectangular in shape and 72 hectares in size, is surrounded by walls ten meters high and a moat 52 meters wide. at each corner of the wall stands a watchtower with a double-eave roof covered with yellow glazed tiles.the main buildings, the six great halls, one following the other, are set facing south along the central north-south axis from the meridian gate, the south entrance, to shenwumen, the great gate piercing in the north wall. on either side of the palace are many comparatively small buildings. symmetrically in the northeastern section lie the six eastern palaces and in the northwestern section the six western palaces. the palace area is divided into two parts: the outer courtand the inner palace. the former consists of the first three main halls, where the emperor received his courtiers and conducted grand ceremonies, while the latter was the living quarters for the imperial residence. at the rear of the inner palace is the imperial garden where the emperor and his family sought recreation.the main entrance to the palace is the meridian gate(1), which was so named because the emperor considered himself the son of the heaven and the palace the center of the universe, hence the north-south axis as the meridian line going right through the palace. the gate is crowned with five towers, commonly known as the five-phoenix towers(2), which were installed with drums and bells. when the emperor went to the temple of heaven, bells were struck to mark this important occasion. when he went to the ancestral temple, it was the drums that were beaten to publicize the event.beyond the meridian gate unfolds a vast courtyard across which the inner golden water river runs from east to west. the river is spanned by five bridges, which were supposed to be symbols of the five virtues preached by confucius--benevolence, righteousness, rites, intelligence, and fidelity(3).at the north end of the courtyard is a three-tiered white marble terrace, seven meters above the ground, on which, one after another, stand three majestic halls; the hall of supreme harmony(4), the hall of complete harmony(5), and the hall of preserving harmony(6).the hall of supreme harmony, rectangular in shape, 27 meters in height, 2,300 square meters in area, is the grandest and most important hall in the palace complex. it is also china s largest existing palace of wood structure and an outstanding example of brilliant color combinations. this hall used to be the throne hall for ceremonies which marked greatoccasions: the winter solstice, the spring festival, the emperor s birthday and enthronement, and the dispatch of generals to battles, etc. on such occasions there would be an imperial guard of honor standing in front ofthe hall that extended all the way to the meridian gate.on the north face of the hall in the center of four coiled-golden dragon columns is the golden throne , which was carved out of sandalwood. the throne rests on a two-meter-high platform with a screen behind it. in front of it, to the left and right, stand ornamental cranes, incense burners and other ornaments. the dragon columns entwined with golden dragons measure one meter in diameter. the throne itself, the platform and the screen are all carved with dragon designs. high above the throne is a color-painted coffered ceiling which changes in shape from square to octagonal to circular as it ascends layer upon layer. the utmost central vault is carved with the gilded design of a dragon toying with pearls. when the emperor mounted the throne, gold bells and jade chimes sounded from the gallery, and clouds of incense rose from the bronze cranes and tortoises and tripods outside the hall on the terrace. the aura of majesty created by the imposing architecture and solemn ritual were designed to keep the subjects of the son of the heaven in awe and reverence.the hall of complete harmony is smaller and square with windows on all sides. here the emperor rehearsed for ceremonies. it is followed by the hall of preserving harmony in which banquets and imperial examinations were held.behind the hall of preserving harmony lies a huge marble ramp with intertwining clouds and dragons carved in relief. the slab, about 6.5 meters long, 3 meters wide and 250 tons in weight, is placed between two flights of marble steps along which the emperor ssedan was carried up or down the terrace. it is the largest piece of stone carving in the imperial palace. quarried in the mountains scores of kilometers southwest of beijing, this gigantic stone was moved to the city by sliding it over a specially paved ice road in winter. to provide enough water to build the ice road, wells were sunk at very 500 meters along the way.the three halls of the inner palace are replicas of the three halls in the front, but smaller in size. they are the palace of heavenly purity(7), the hall of union(8), and the palace of earthly tranquility(9).the palace of heavenly purity was once the residence of the ming emperors and the first two of the qing emperors. then the qing emperor yong zheng moved his residence to the palace of mental cultivation and turned it into an audience hall to receive foreign envoys and handled the state affairs. the promotion and demotion of officials were also decided in thishall. after the emperor s death his coffin was placed here for a 49-day period of mourning.the palace of union was the empress s throne room and the hall of earthly tranquility, once a private living room for the empress, was partitioned. the west chamber served religious purposes and the east one was the bridal chamber where the newly married emperor and empress spent their first two nights after their wedding.the imperial garden was laid out during the early ming dynasty. hundreds of pines and cypresses offer shade while various flowers give colors to the garden all year round and fill the air with their fragrance. in he center of the garden is the hall of imperial peace, a daoist temple, with a flat roof slightly sloping down to the four eaves. this type of roof was rare in ancient chinese architecture. in he northeastern corner of the garden is a rock hill, known as the hill of the piled-up wonders, which istopped with a pavilion. at the foot of the hill are two fountains which jet two columns of water high into the air. it is said that on the ninth night of the ninth month of the lunar calendar, the empress would mound the hill to enjoy the autumn scene. it is also believed that climbing to a high place on that day would keep people safe from contagious diseases.the six western palaces were residences for empressesand concubines. they are kept in their original way for show. the six eastern palaces were the residences for them too. but now they serve as special museums: the museum of bronze, the museum of porcelain and the museum of arts and crafts of the ming and qing dynasties. in the northeastern-most section of the inner palace are the museum of traditional chinese paintings and the museum of jewelry and treasures where rare pieces of imperial collections are on display.now the forbidden city is no longer forbidding, but inviting.a visit to the palace museum will enrich the visitors knowledge of history, economy, politics, arts as well as architecture in ancient china.。
故宫中英文详细全解
Good morning! Ladies and gentlemen:This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Beijing Forbidden City is the head of the world's top five palace. The Forbidden City was built begin in 1406 forty o six and it took 14 years to built it. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi. North to south is 961 meters, and 753 meters from east to west. And the area of about 725,000 square meters. The Imperial Palace has 8704 rooms. In 1987 the Forbidden City was recognized a world cultural legacy['legəsɪ].Forbidden City building Classified as "outside in" and "inner court" two parts. 太和palace中和palace and保和palace are the center of the outside in, Where the emperor would hold meeting and exercise of power. 乾清palace、交泰palace、坤宁palace are center of Inner court . Feudal emperors and princess lived here.The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are symbolic. Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became an imperial colorduring the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture. Dragon, lion and other animals are a symbol of good fortune and dignity. The pine trees and cypress ˈ['saɪprəs]trees and the pavilions[pə'vɪljən] make people feel beautiful and quiet.The Forbidden City had three large-scale maintenance. The first time was in 1949 when New China has founded. This maintenance fundamentally changed the old society, and show a magnificent scale. The second time is in 1973, people has protected the palace professional.The third time is since 2002, continued in 2020, and "Open areas" will increase from the current 30% to 70%.There are four entrances into the city. The Meridian[mə'rɪdɪən] Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate (Gate of Military Prowess['praʊəs]) to the north, the Donghua to the east, and the Xihua Gate to the west.Inside the 太和gate, there are太和palace、中和palace、and保和palace. These three palace are the maintain architecture of the palace museum. Their height of different shapes, and different roof forms, these seem rich and diverse[daɪ'vɝs].太和殿:太和gate is the most grandeur['ɡrændʒɚ]. And this temple area is the largest one of various in Forbidden City. This temple is the place where the emperor held a major ceremony, like the emperor ascended the throne, birthdays, weddings, New Year's Day.中和殿:中和palace is located the back of the taihe temple. Where the emperor to take a break before the ceremony and do a pre-exercise。
故宫-中英文
【故宫】午门Meridian Gate午门是进出紫禁城的主要通道。
这样命名是因为皇帝认为自己是“天子”,紫禁城是宇宙的中心,因此贯穿南北的中轴线作为子午线贯穿故宫。
The main entrance to the Palace is the Meridian Gate, which was so named because the emperor considered himself the "Son of the Heaven" and the Palace, the center of the universe, hence the north-south axis as the Meridian line going right through the Palace.午门在紫禁城南面城垣正中,为禁城正门,是紫禁城四座城门中最大的一座。
明永乐十八年(1420年)建成。
Meridian gate, in the middle of the south wall, is the mine entrance to the Forbidden City. It’s the largest one in the four gates of the Forbidden City, built in the eighteenth year of Emperor Y ongle, Ming Dynasty. (1420).城台中央门洞为皇帝出入的“御路门”,此外只有皇后大婚时喜轿入宫,殿试高中的状元、榜眼和探花出宫时可以走中门,以示皇帝的优崇。
宗室王公则出入西门,文武官员出入东门。
The central doorway is for the emperor to go in and get out, called“Imperial Gate”. In addition, to show the emperor's preferential treatment, only the queen's wedding sedan into the palace, the Champion scholar, Runner-up scholar and the Third in the imperial examination out the palace can walk in the central door (“Imperial Gate”). Imperial clan get in and out from the west gate, officials from the east gate.明代,皇帝施淫威处罚大臣的“廷杖”也在此进行,“推出午门斩首”的说法即由此讹化而来。
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北京旅游景点:故宫博物院(中英文版)作者/来源:admin /昔街旅行网更新日期:2010-04-10 13:35昔街旅行网查看次数:次故宫博物院:紫禁城景区档案:位于北京市中心。
评价:中国最丰富的文化和艺术的宝库。
故宫的整个建筑金碧辉煌,庄严绚丽,被誉为世界五大宫之一(北京故宫、凡尔赛宫、白金汉宫、白宫、克里姆林宫),并为联合国科教文组织列为“世界文化遗产”。
景点描述:故宫是明清两代的皇宫,又称紫禁城。
历代宫殿都“象天立宫”以表示君为天子“受命于天”。
由于君为天子,天子的宫殿如同天帝居住的“紫宫”禁地,故名紫禁城。
故宫始建于明永乐四年(1406年),永乐十八年(1420年)建成。
历经明、清两个朝代24个皇帝,现辟为故宫博物院。
院内陈列我国各个朝代的艺术珍品,是中国最丰富的文化和艺术的宝库。
故宫的整个建筑金碧辉煌,庄严绚丽,被誉为世界五大宫之一(北京故宫、凡尔赛宫、白金汉宫、白宫、克里姆林宫),并为联合国科教文组织列为“世界文化遗产”。
故宫的宫殿建筑,是我国现存最大、最完整的古建筑群。
宫殿是沿着一条南北向的中轴线排列,左右对称,南达永定门,北到鼓楼、钟楼,贯穿整个紫禁城。
规划严整,气魄宏伟,极为壮观。
无论在平面布局,立体效果以及形式上的雄伟、堂皇、庄严、和谐,都属无与伦比的杰作。
它标志着我国悠久的文化传统,显示着500余年前我国在建筑艺术上的卓越成就。
故宫规模宏大,占地72万平方米,建筑面积15万平方米,有房屋9999间,是世界上最大最完整的古代宫殿建筑群。
为了突出帝王至高无上的权威,故宫有一条贯穿宫城南北的中轴线,在这条中轴线上,按照“前朝后寝”的古制,布置着帝王发号施令、象征政权中心的三大殿(太和殿、中和殿、保和殿)和帝后居住的后三宫(乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫)。
在其内廷部分(乾清门以北),左右各形成一条以太上皇居住的宫殿--宁寿宫,和以太宫太妃居住的宫殿--慈宁宫为中心的次要轴线,这两条次要轴线又和外朝以太和门为中心,与左边的文华殿,右边的武英殿相呼应。
两条次要轴线和中央轴线之间,有斋宫及养殿,其后即为嫔妃居住的东西六宫。
出于防御的需要,这些宫殿筑的外围筑有高达10米的宫墙,四角有角楼,外有护城河。
午门:故宫的正门,游人可由天安门向北进入午门。
古以北为子,南为午,午门正处于故宫中轴线之南的向阳位置,故称“午门”。
午门平面呈凹形,正楼面阔九间,重檐庑殿式,东西两观对峙,这种形制的门有天子才可以用,所以它是皇帝宫殿的标志。
当然这种建筑也有利于防卫,因为它组成了一个交叉火力网。
午门是皇帝每年冬至颁发来年历书的地方,如遇有战争获胜,则要在此举行凯旋“献俘”仪式。
因古时奏凯献俘首先要祭庙社,而午门去太庙(今劳动人民文化宫)及社稷坛(今中山公园)最近。
此外,午门前广场院也是受廷杖的地方,官员如触犯“龙颜”将在此受廷杖之刑。
1519年武宗朱厚照要去江南选美,由于众大臣劝阻,惹恼了武宗,结果竟有130名官员在午门受廷杖,一次就打死了11人。
太和殿也叫“金銮殿”,故宫中最巍峨、最壮丽的建筑,面阔11间,进深5间,重檐庑殿式,黄色琉璃瓦,耸立在三层汉白玉须弥座台基(高35.05米)之上。
大殿面积2377平方米,是我国现存、也是世界现有最大的木结构宫殿建筑。
太和殿是举行大典的地方,明清两代皇帝登极、宣布即位诏书,皇帝大婚,册立皇后,命将出征,每年元旦、冬至、万寿(皇帝生日)等节日都要在此受百官的朝贺及赐宴。
太和殿:内外摆有大量特殊的陈设,殿前月台上摆的铜鼎、铜龟、铜鹤是大典时用来焚香的,它含有江山水固之意。
月台上摆的日晷和嘉量,用来象征皇权。
三层汉白玉台基每个栏杆下都设有排水的龙头,暴雨时可形成千龙喷水壮观景象,用来显示皇威。
殿前的双龙戏珠御路石,其珠为吉祥如意珠,双龙之中,一个代表天帝,另一个代表帝王,帝王受天之命,合天之意,务使国中风调雨顺,国泰民安。
双龙下面的山海图案乃象征江山水永固。
殿内金色的九龙宝座和屏风安置在高约2米的金色台基之上,并置于六根盘龙金柱之间,以突出帝王唯我独尊之地位。
藻井正中的蟠龙口中倒垂下一个大圆球,谓之“轩辕镜”,此乃辟邪之物,也寓有明镜高悬的含意。
中和殿:这是皇帝临太和殿大典前休息和接受官员信行礼的地方。
保和殿:保和殿为重檐歇山顶,面阔九间,是举行册立皇后、皇太子等大典时皇帝更衣的地方,清乾隆以后,殿试也改在保和殿举行。
清朝时,每年正月初一和十五,皇帝常在此殿宴请各少数民簇王公和大臣。
游人在游三大殿时,可看到很多御路石,其中以保和殿后面的一块为最大、最宏伟,它用整块艾叶青雕成,长16.07米,宽3.07米,厚1.70米,重达200吨,九龙飞腾在大海和流云之中,象征着真命天子一统山河。
乾清门:是帝后寝宫以及嫔妃、皇子等居住生活区域的正门。
清代御门听政即在乾清门进行。
乾清宫:是皇帝的寝宫,顺治、康熙年间也兼作听政、召见大臣之处。
每逢元旦、元宵、端午、中秋、重阳、冬至、万寿等节日,皇帝在这里举行朝礼和赐宴。
交泰殿:在清代,交泰殿是皇后在元旦、千秋(皇后生日)等节日接受大臣朝贺的地方,后来又在这里存放皇帝行使权力的25方宝玺。
此外,这里还有铜壶滴漏装置和清代造的自鸣钟。
坤宁宫:在明清,坤宁宫是皇后居住的地方,清朝按满族的习俗,将其改为祭神的场所,把东暧阁作为皇帝大婚的洞房。
御花园:出坤宁宫北行就是御花园,它有门与东西六宫相通。
园东西长130米,南北宽90米,主要建筑钦安殿正处在中轴线上,明时这里供秋季大享及祭祀玄武大帝之用,清代改为寺庙。
园之东北部叠石堆秀山,是帝后嫔妃“重阳登高”之处。
御花园是一座以建筑为主体的宫廷花园,亭台楼阁结构精巧,山石树木安排有序,奇花异木怪石竞奇争艳,五色石子甬道四通八达,游人都愿在此尽情观赏,拍照留影。
东西六宫:这是嫔妃居住的地方,俗称“三宫六院”。
现在东六宫大都改为古代艺术品陈列馆,其中有明清工艺美术馆、陶瓷馆、青铜器馆、钟表馆、绘画馆、珍宝馆。
以参观珍宝馆和钟表馆的人数最多,钟表馆设在奉先殿,珍宝馆设在故宫东北角的养性殿、乐寿堂、颐和轩这在座堂里。
玩具陈列馆设在坤宁宫以东的联房叫东板房里。
西六宫基本上未动,仍按原来面貌布置。
养心殿:乾清门内的养心殿,从雍正清末近200年间,清朝皇帝大多住在这里。
在同治、光绪两朝,养心殿东暧阁是慈禧与慈安“垂帘听政”之地。
昔街旅行建议:游览故宫,可以从天安门进,也可以由后门----神武门进。
进入天安门,穿过一片青砖铺地的广场,便到达紫禁城的正门----午门。
这里城墙高大,城门楼巍峨壮观,给人以无比威严的感觉,使站在这里的人自己感到渺小这是古代统治者利用建筑艺术来为增强其帝王威慑力量服务的一个最突出的例子。
穿过午门,又是一个大广场,广场上有一金水桥。
过桥经太和门便是雄伟的太和殿。
从高处看,金水桥和流经广场的那条御河,其形状恰像一把巨大的弓。
经太和殿、中和殿、保和殿,穿过乾清门,便进入内廷,内廷分中路、东路和西路三条路线。
如果是半日游,这三条路线只能游一条,一般可走中路。
走中路可看皇帝的卧室(乾清宫),放置皇帝印玺的地方(交泰殿),皇帝结婚的新房(坤宁宫),嫔妃所住的地方(其中有的已辟为展厅)和御花园。
一般来说,用半天时间游故宫,比较吃力。
以安排一日游为佳。
如有时间,又想看得细些,则可安排二日游。
The Imperial PalaceWhat strikes one first in a bird's -eye view of Beijing proper is a vast tract of golden roofs flashing brilliantly in the sun with purple walls occasionally emerging amid them and a stretch of luxuriant tree leaves flanking on each side. That is the former Imperial Palace, popularly known as the Forbidden City, from which twenty-four emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties ruled China for some 500 years——from1420 to 1911. The Ming Emperor Yong Le, who usurped the throne from his nephew and made Beijing the capital, ordered its construction, on which approximately 10,000 artists and a million workmen toiled for 14 years from 1406 to 1420. At present, the Palace is an elaborate museum that presents the largest and most complete ensemble of traditional architecture complex and more than 900,000 pieces of court treasures in all dynasties in China.Located in the center of Beijing, the entire palace area, rectangular in shape and 72 hectares in size, is surrounded by walls ten meters high and a moat 52 meters wide. At each corner of the wall stands a watchtowerwith a double-eave roof covered with yellow glazed tiles.The main buildings, the six great halls, one following the other, are set facing south along the central north-south axis from the Meridian Gate, the south entrance, to Shenwumen, the great gate piercing in the north wall. On either side of the palace are many comparatively small buildings. Symmetrically in the northeastern section lie the six Eastern Palaces and in the northwestern section the six Western Palaces. The Palace area is divided into two parts: the Outer Court and the Inner Palace. The former consists of the first three main halls, where the emperor received his courtiers and conducted grand ceremonies, while the latter was the living quarters for the imperial residence. At the rear of the Inner Palace is the Imperial Garden where the emperor and his familysought recreation.The main entrance to the Palace is the Meridian Gate(1), which was so named because the emperor considered himself the "Son of the Heaven" and the Palace the center of the universe, hence the north-south axis as the Meridian line going right through the Palace. The gate is crowned with five towers, commonly known as the Five-Phoenix Towers(2), which were installed with drums and bells. When the emperor went to the Temple of Heaven, bells were struck to mark this important occasion. When he went to the Ancestral Temple, it was thedrums that were beaten to publicize the event.Beyond the Meridian Gate unfolds a vast courtyard across which the Inner Golden Water River runs from east to west. The river is spanned by five bridges, which were supposed to be symbols of the five virtues preached by Confucius——benevolence, righteousness, rites, intelligence, and fidelity(3).At the north end of the courtyard is a three-tiered white marble terrace, seven meters above the ground, on which, one after another, stand three majestic halls; the Hall of Supreme Harmony(4), the Hall of CompleteHarmony(5), and the Hall of Preserving Harmony(6).The Hall of Supreme Harmony, rectangular in shape, 27 meters in height, 2,300 square meters in area, is the grandest and most important hall in the Palace complex. It is also China's largest existing palace of wood structure and an outstanding example of brilliant color combinations. This hall used to be the throne hall for ceremonies which marked great occasions: the Winter Solstice, the Spring Festival, the emperor's birthday and enthronement, and the dispatch of generals to battles, etc. On such occasions there would be an imperial guard of honor standing in front of the Hall that extended all the way to the Meridian gate.On the north face of the hall in the center of four coiled-golden dragon columns is the "Golden Throne", which was carved out of sandalwood. The throne rests on a two-meter-high platform with a screen behind it. In front of it, to the left and right, stand ornamental cranes, incense burners and other ornaments. The dragon columns entwined with golden dragons measure one meter in diameter. The throne itself, the platform and the screen are all carved with dragon designs. High above the throne is a color-painted coffered ceiling which changes in shape from square to octagonal to circular as it ascends layer upon layer. The utmost central vault is carved with the gilded design of a dragon toying with pearls. when the Emperor mounted the throne, gold bells and jade chimes sounded from the gallery, and clouds of incense rose from the bronze cranes and tortoises and tripods outside the hall on the terrace. The aura of majesty created by the imposing architecture and solemn ritual were designed to keep thesubjects of the "Son of the Heaven" in awe and reverence.The Hall of Complete Harmony is smaller and square with windows on all sides. Here the emperor rehearsed for ceremonies. It is followed by the Hall of Preserving Harmony in which banquets and imperial examinationswere held.Behind the Hall of Preserving Harmony lies a huge marble ramp with intertwining clouds and dragons carved in relief. The slab, about 6.5 meters long, 3 meters wide and 250 tons in weight, is placed between two flights of marble steps along which the emperor's sedan was carried up or down the terrace. It is the largest piece of stone carving in the Imperial Palace. Quarried in the mountains scores of kilometers southwest of Beijing, this gigantic stone was moved to the city by sliding it over a specially paved ice road in winter. To provide enough water to build the ice road, wells were sunk at very 500 meters along the way.The three halls of the Inner Palace are replicas of the three halls in the front, but smaller in size. They are the Palace of Heavenly Purity(7), the Hall of Union(8), and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility(9).The Palace of Heavenly Purity was once the residence of the Ming emperors and the first two of the Qing emperors. Then the Qing Emperor Yong Zheng moved his residence to the Palace of Mental Cultivation and turned it into an audience hall to receive foreign envoys and handled the state affairs. The promotion and demotion of officials were also decided in this hall. After the emperor's death his coffin was placed here for a 49-day periodof mourning.The Palace of Union was the empress's throne room and the Hall of Earthly Tranquility, once a private living room for the empress, was partitioned. The west chamber served religious purposes and the east one was the bridal chamber where the newly married emperor and empress spent their first two nights after their wedding.The Imperial Garden was laid out during the early Ming dynasty. Hundreds of pines and cypresses offer shade while various flowers give colors to the garden all year round and fill the air with their fragrance. In he center of the garden is the Hall of Imperial Peace, a Daoist temple, with a flat roof slightly sloping down to the four eaves. This type of roof was rare in ancient Chinese architecture. In he northeastern corner of the garden is a rock hill, known as the Hill of the Piled-up Wonders, which is topped with a pavilion. At the foot of the hill are two fountains which jet two columns of water high into the air. It is said that on the ninth night of the ninth month of the lunar calendar, the empress would mound the hill to enjoy the autumn scene. It is also believed that climbing to a high place on that day would keep people safe from contagious diseases.The six Western Palaces were residences for empresses and concubines. They are kept in their original way for show. The six Eastern Palaces were the residences for them too. But now they serve as special museums: the Museum of Bronze, the Museum of Porcelain and the Museum of Arts and Crafts of the Ming and Qing dynasties.In the northeastern-most section of the Inner Palace are the Museum of Traditional Chinese Paintings and the Museum of Jewelry and Treasures where rare pieces of imperial collections are on display.Now the Forbidden City is no longer forbidding, but inviting. A visit to the Palace Museum will enrich the visitors' knowledge of history, economy, politics, arts as well as architecture in ancient China.Notes:1. the Meridian Gate 午门2. the Five-Phoenix Towers 五凤楼3. benevolence, righteousness, rites, intelligence, and fidelity 仁、义、礼、智、信4. the Hall of Supreme Harmony 太和殿5. the Hall of Complete Harmony 中和殿6. the Hall of Preserving Harmony 保和殿7. the Palace of Heavenly Purity 乾清宫8. the Hall of Union 交泰殿9. the Palace of Earthly Tranquility 坤宁宫。