商务英语谈判-10
谈判中十句超实用的商务英语
谈判中十句超实用的商务英语1、Let’s promise.我们还是各退一步吧。
2、We expect that you will offer us a lower price as soon as possible.我们期待你们能够尽快给我们一个比拟低的价格。
3、We hoped that the matter can be brought to a satisfactory conclusion.我们希望这个事情能够得到满意的结果。
4、It is hoped that you will seriously take this matter into consideration and let us have your reply soon.希望你慎重考虑一下这个事情，并且尽快给我们一个回复。
5、We hope this matter will not effect our good relations and future dealings.我们希望这件事不会影响我们良好的关系和以后的生意。
10. Let me explain to you why 让我来跟你解释为什么。
11. That’s the basic problem.这是最根本的问题。
12. Let’s promise.我们还是各退一步吧。
13. It depends on what you want.那要视贵方的需要而定。
14. The longer we wait ，the less likely we will e up with anything.我们等待的时间越长，成功的时机就越小。
15. 3. I know I can count on you.我知道我可以信赖您。
商务英语-谈判-中英文
商务英语\谈判桌上- All right, let's get down to business.好，我们来谈正事吧。
- We'll place a trial order with you for 300 cases of pork luncheon meat.我们想试定300箱罐装午餐肉。
- What's your idea of price?价格如何？- The best we can do is $ 165 per case CIF.最优惠价格是每箱CIF165美金。
- It's been my experience that I agree that yours are of better quality.根据我的经验来看，你们的产品质量的确较好。
- But your price is still on the high side even if taking quality into consideration.就算考虑质量上的因素，你们的价格还是高。
- Let's have your counter-offer?那你给个价吧。
- How about $ 140 per case?每箱140美元怎么样？- I appreciate your counter-offer, but find it too low.谢谢你的还价，但我觉得太低了。
- Maybe we can compromise on this.也许我们还可以协商一下。
- How about meeting each other half-way with the price gap?我们折衷一下如何？- The gap is too wide to be filled. The largest cut we can offer is 5%.价格差距太大，我们最多降价5%。
- So you really don't see your way to get it down a bit?你真的不能再降一点了吗？- No, I'm sorry. This is our rock-bottom price.很抱歉，这是我们的最低价格。
商务谈判常用的英语口语对话
商务谈判常用的英语口语对话In business negotiations, effective communication is key to reaching a successful outcome. Using the right English expressions can help you express your ideas clearly and build a strong rapport with your counterpart. Below are some common English dialogues that are frequently used in business negotiations:1. Opening the negotiation:- Good morning, Mr. Smith. I'm glad we could meet today to discuss the terms of our partnership.- Hello, everyone. Thank you for taking the time to meet with us. Let's get started.2. Stating your objectives:- Our goal is to reach a mutually beneficial agreement that satisfies both parties.- We are looking for a long-term partnership that is based on trust and cooperation.3. Making an offer:- We are prepared to offer you a 10% discount on bulk orders.- In exchange for your commitment, we can provide you with exclusive access to our new product line.4. Negotiating terms:- Can we discuss the possibility of extending the payment deadline by an additional 30 days?- We are willing to compromise on the price if you can guarantee a minimum order quantity.5. Responding to offers:- Your proposal is very attractive. However, we would like to negotiate the delivery schedule.- We appreciate your offer and will consider it carefully before making a decision.6. Seeking clarification:- Could you provide more details on the warranty terms for this product?- I'm not clear on the pricing structure. Could you break it down for me?7. Closing the deal:- It seems like we have reached a consensus on the terms. Shall we draw up a contract?- I believe we have addressed all the issues. Let's finalize the agreement and move forward.Remember, effective communication in business negotiations requires active listening, clear expression, and a willingness to compromise. By using these common English dialogues, you can improve your negotiation skills and achieve successful outcomes in your business dealings.。
国际商务英语谈判答案(全)
国际商务英语谈判答案(全)Keys to the exercisesChapter 1 Fundamentals of International Business Negotiation Communication Exercises1. Change the sentences from negative to positive.1) I want a job.2) I work hard.3) My job is terrific.4) This office is great.5) My co-workers are super.6) The Personnel Director is nice.7) My health is good.8) My attitude is positive.9) I make a good impression.10) I understand.2. Change or add to these sentences so that they do not just state what you want, but invite your negotiating partner’s opinion.a) Could we finish at five---if that’s all right with you?b) I hope you don’t mind if Miss Li sits in during the negotiation?c) Perhaps we could take a break now. Is that OK?d) Could we look at these three areas this morning?e) I would like to go through the written offer clause by clause, if that’s OK?f) Do you mind if I answer your questions at the end?3. What is meant by “negotiation”? How would you define “negotiation”?A nego tiation is a meeting in which both parties need each other’s agreementto reach a specific objective. It is the mechanism by which people trade things of value in a civilized manner. Negotiation depends on communication.It occurs between individuals acting either for themselves or as representatives of organized groups. Negotiations are very much part of working and home life. Negotiations could be either internal or external, long or short, formal or informal. The goal of negotiation is not to win but to succeed. The mechanism of successful negotiation is collaboration.In negotiations, both parties should know----why they negotiate----who they negotiate with----what they negotiate about----where they negotiate----when they negotiate----how they negotiate1) T 2) T 3) T 4) F (Everything is negotiable.)5) F (bargaining stage)6) F ( Do not often. Sometimes they will follow the sequence n one aspect of thedeal and then start all over again on a second aspect.)7) T8) F (May not. Because either side may be wiling to say what it thinks or takea position and stick to it )9) T 10)Negotiation skills1．What determines a success in negotiation? Success in negotiation is when the parties to the negotiation reach an agreement to which they are both committed and which they will implement in full.committed [] v.----尽责的implement [] v.----to put into practical effect; carry out 使生效；执行2. What are the elements of a successful negotiation process？There are seven basic elements that should be considered when analyzing the negotiation process:a.The relationship among the parties.b.The parties' interests -- why they need to reach their stated objectivesc.An understanding of the choices available if the parties cannot reachagreement, often called their BATNA -- Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreementd.Creativity which will expand the bargaining choices among which theparties can choose to reach agreemente.Fairness -- a person who negotiates unfairly may be able to force anagreement, but the 'forced' party will be reluctant to fulfill their share of the agreementf.Whether commitment has been reached. Will the parties each feelcommitted to doing what they have agreed? Is each party capable of fulfilling their share of the deal?g.Negotiation is all about communicating information. If one party knowseverything then why do they need to negotiate with anyone else?And the foundation of good negotiation is preparation. Be prepared and the negotiation will bring a result that really works. If well prepared you areless vulnerable to surprise, and that increases the likelihood you'll be happy with the result.vulnerable [] adj.----易受攻击的, 易受...的攻击3. Your client comes into your office and is exceedingly grumpy and difficult to talk to. How do you approach your client so as to make your meeting as productive as possible?Answer: (e)When the client is grumpy, their emotions will inevitably cloud their judgment and make it difficult to interact with them on substantive matters.At the same time, if they are experiencing anger, it is important to ensure them that we understand that they are upset. By acknowledging the client's anger and offering our assistance, the client will feel as though we are on the "same side" and treat us as friends and continue to direct their anger elsewhere- allowing us to focus on the substantive issues.substantive [] adj.----of or relating to the essence 实质的Chapter 2 Proper Behaviors in International Business Negotiation Communication Skills1. What would you say if…a.Thank you./No, after you.b.Thanks. I’ll need it.c.Thanks. That’s very kind.d.Thanks for coming all the way.e.Thanks for helping. That was very kind of you.f. Thank you for thinking of me, but I’m afraid I can’t take it.2. Answer the following questions.(1) Only about half of what he or she heard(2) Not only does note taking force you to listen carefully, but it alsopsychologically throws the speaker off the balance when he or she sees you nodding and furiously writing away and having a record of all the facts and basically everything said. A further benefit of note taking is that you have the perfect excuse to avoid eye contact if you are afraid to reveal your reactions to someone’s proposals(3) Questions appear to be able to be divided into five basic functions:①Cause attention.②Get information.③Give information.④Start thinking.⑤Bring to conclusion.(4) There are two ways to assure a high degree of reliability for answers toyour questions. One way is to lay the foundation for asking them. The second is through the use of the tactic called “bipolar questioning.”(5) A firm handshake gives the impression of quiet confidence and says thatthis person is glad to meet you.3. Choose the best answer.(1) D (2) C (3) B (4) A (5) (6) D (7) B (8) C (9) A (10)A4. Translate the following into English.(1) There’s a great demand for our new product.(2) This product has good prospects.(3) We need to talk about the basic terms of the transaction.(4) If your prices are reasonable and the quality is satisfactory, we shallplace substantial orders with you.(5) It’s unwise for both of us to insist on his own price. Can we each makesome concession?(6) If you cannot reduce your price, we’d rather call the whole de al off.(7) If you want to expand your business in this market, you have to takeflexible ways in adopting payment terms.(8) We regret that we cannot accept your demand for direct shipment.(9) This product has many advantages compared to other competing products.(10)I’m very glad that we have finally come to an agreement. We’ll go on toother terms and conditions tomorrow. Is it all right with you?5. True or false.(1) F (2) T (3) F (4) T (5) F (6) T (7) F (8) F (9) F (10) T Negotiation Skills1. The person you are negotiating with continually repeats the same argument despite the fact that you have given them a number of counterarguments. What do youdo to move the negotiation forward? Answer: (a)One of the most powerful tools in negotiation is how to listen to what the other party is saying. Very often, we are too focused on the points we are trying to get across to listen to what our counterparts are trying to say.If people keep repeating themselves, they are subconsciously sending a signal that they feel what they are saying is important. And they want us to acknowledge that we have heard and understand them.Accordingly, the best thing to do in this situation is to rephrase what they keep repeating and ask them if we have accurately restated their point. Only when they feel as though they have been heard will they be able to listen to usEffective listening involves much more than simply hearing and understanding what the counterpart is saying. Effective listening isa set of tools and techniques which expertnegotiators use to gain control of the negotiation and turn it to their advantage.2. What are the key communication skills used in negotiation?The key communication skill in negotiation is to listen. There's an old saying: God gave us one mouth and two ears, and we should use them in that ratio.Obviously when we are listening, we need to be listening for useful information. Thus it is very important to plan ahead, thinking about what we can learn that will help us decide what approach to take and to learn about what appeals to the parties with whom we are negotiating. So think about the questions you're going to ask; the result should reward your listening with real problem-solving information.Chapter 3 Choosing the Negotiation TeamCommunication Exercises1. What is the more indirect question or statement behind the following sentences?a. I’m not entirely convinced by these forecasts.b.We’d like to know something about your planning.c.I’d be interested to hear a bit abou t payment.d.Your costs could cause one or two problems.e.Perhaps we could talk a little bit about figures.f.That figure looks a little on the high side.g.Delivery is an area which we’d like to explore a little further with you.h.I’d like to know more about your management structure.1.Write the name of the position in the blank.1) CEO/the president2) Assistant Manager, Europe3) Purchasing Clerk4) Personnel Assistant5) Vice-President, Administration3. (omitted)4. (omitted)5. Fill in the blanks1）maximum2) observers; advisers; speaking; training6. Translate the following into English1）Negotiation is a team sport.2）The negotiator’s function is to negotiate, while the functional specialists provide specialist advice or information.3) The team leader is the person who generates enthusiasm in his team tomaintains the morale under all conditions.4) The team members must learn that the opponent and its representativesare adversaries although they may be friendly.5）I’m afraid you are not in our ballpark.6) Excuse me, but it seems to me we’re giving up too much in this case.7）That’s to o great a financial burden for us.8) 10% is beyond my negotiating limit.9）If you can guarantee that on paper, I think we can discuss this further.10）Could you explain what you mean by that？7. True or false1). F 2). T 3). T 4). F (maximize) 5). T 6). F (can’t)7). F (both sides) 8). T 9). T 10). F(There is no need to )Negotiation skills1. What do you think are the personal qualities of a good negotiator?A good negotiator needs to be:1)A good listener2)Open-minded3)Willing to do the homework to determine her/his interests,objectives, and alternatives4)Well-prepared5)Creative6)Able to merge what he knows about his own interests andresources with the interests and resources of his negotiationpartner7)Someone who is always learning from experience, from otherpeople and from historymerge [] v. ----to combine or unite 使合并或结合2. How to be a cool negotiator?Acting cool is a good part of successful negotiation. But one needs to make sure it is not just an act. The 'coolness' needed for successfulnegotiation really means keeping a cool analytical head. If there is anychance one should prepare ahead of time: what do I want and why do Iwant it? What do they want and why do they want what they want?During the process, one should find ways to take a step back from thediscussion and look at what is going on with that same cool head. 'Why did he say that? What arguments or tactics are being used?3. How to control anger for effective negotiating?When tempted to get angry, remember to check whether or not it is yourturn. If it is someone else's turn to get angry, sit there and take it byreminding you how wonderful you are to be in such control of youremotions.One fundamental rule is: only one person can be angry at a time. Don't let the situation escalate, civility will slip away awfully quickly and there willbe a very tough time healing the relationship or solving the initial issue. civility [] n. ----a courteous act or utterance有礼貌的举止或表达4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of team negotiations?Negotiating as part of a team requires very careful preparation. The biggest danger in team negotiation is that your counterparts will see or hear thatyou and your colleagues don't agree with each other. If they can finddifferences, they may spot opportunities to drive wedges between your team members.wedge [] n.----something that intrudes and causes division or disruption侵入引起分裂的东西Teams can work together ahead of time on strategy: who is going to be the spokesperson on which issues? What information do we need and who isgoing to ask the relevant questions? Who can communicate what decisions to the 'other side'? What members of the team are the experts on technical matters, business matters, etc.?But even if a group of colleagues work hard at developing a commonlyagreed strategy you will find that, there is still a risk that someone will say something out of turn or which is not part of his role. They need to explore how to cope with such problems during the actual negotiation.Individual negotiations have certain other advantages: the negotiator can present him/herself as the decision-maker or as the spokesperson for their company or colleagues. This gives the individual negotiator considerableflexibility that may not be available in team negotiation situations.Chapter 4 Preparing for NegotiationCommunication Exercises1. What would you say in these situations?1) Mrs Zhang, I’d like you to meet Tr acy Morris. She’s our new sales clerk.2) Hello, Kathy. Nice to meet you.3) That’s right. Yes, we once worked together in.4) I’m terribly sorry. I’ve forgotten your name.5) Yes, good morning. My name is … I’ve got an appointment with…6) Did you have a good journ ey? It’s very nice of you to come all this way.7) Would you like a coffee? Or Would you like something to drink?8) Good heavens, is that the time? I didn’t realize it was so late. I really mustbe going now.2. Make these sentences more concise1) He’s an assistant in Personnel.2) She’s the Vice-President in Sales and Marketing.3) He’s the Assistant Manager in Domestic Sales.4) She’s the Manager in International Sales.5) He’s an accountant in Accounting.3. Combine these sentences as concise as possible1) She is a clerk in Purchasing at ABC Company.2) He’s a salesman in the Asian Pacific Division at Sun Computer Company.3) She’s the Manager of Domestic Sales at Legend Group.4) He’s a secretary in Personnel at Huatian Hotel.5) She’s the Vice-President of Administration at Three-One Steel.4. Do you think all negotiations need an agenda? Who should be responsible for controlling a negotiation?Informal negotiations don’t need an agenda. In some cases, you are negotiating just one point. An agenda is often best negotiated rather than imposed at the start of a meeting. Usually the host company should be responsible for controlling the negotiation.5. How can you prepare effectively for a negotiation? What issues do you need to discuss beforehand?The essential preparation areas are firstly to ensure that everyone in the team is clear what the objectives of the negotiation are. The objectives include:What is the best we can get?What’s the worst we can get?What is our bottom line?And secondly, to establish the role that each individual is expected to play in achieving those objectives. Namely:Who is responsible for different stages of the negotiation?What special skills/knowledge do individual members of the team have?What do we know about the other team?It is important to discuss strategies beforehand and to decide on the approach the team is going to take which include:What are the main areas of negotiation?What are likely to be the sticking points?What is the best order to discuss these points?What concessions can we give to achieve our main aim?It is also essential to discuss the communicative ways like:how we are going to maintain positive communication,who is taking notes or minutes andwho is going to ask questions and so on.6. Put the following into English1）Please take a look at the itinerary we prepared for you, and let me know if there’s anything inappropriate, please let me know.2）We are holding a banquet here tonight in honor of our friends coming from the other side of the Pacific Ocean.3）I believe that through our joint efforts, our corporation can be satisfactory and successful.4）Let’s come to the point, the purpose of my current visit here is to explore the possibility of doing barter trade with you.5）T he contract will come into force from May 10, you can’t go back on your words then.6）We always fulfill our promise.7）Owing to our old relationship, we hold our offer valid for one other week, after which our price would probably be raised.8）I'll do my best; and please, try your best too.9）Your price is too high. It’s hard for us to accept.10）All our products are high-grade commodities; naturally the prices are different.7. True or false1) T 2) F 3) F 4) T 5) T 6) F (unwise) 7) T 8) T9) F (fluid) 10) T 11) F（round table）12) FNegotiation Skills1. In your opinion, what are the benefits of considering your own and others’ outcomes in negotiation preparation?The benefit of considering the outcomes for ourselves and others gives us an initial sense of 'what' people are looking for.It is far more important to look to the interests of the others. The question to ask is why do people want the outcome they are pursuing. It is easy to think of desirable outcomes in terms of money, which is in many cases what people want.When thinking ahead of time about others’ interests, we are making a series of assumptions. We should use the negotiation process to pursue the fundamental asset of negotiation, which is information. Are the assumptions accurate? If the interests assumed are 'out there', the answers we derive should yield a clearer understanding of the actual interests that motivate the parties and will lead to a successful agreement.2. How to measure a negotiator’s strengths and w eaknesses?In general, measuring a negotiator's strengths and weaknesses can involvea multiplicity of elements, but the most important are the following:1) A negotiator's relative strength is determined by the quality and extent of his preparation. The better one understand his/her interests and the better he/she understands the interests of other parties, the greater the chance he/she will be able to reach an elegant solution which leaves the parties feeling as if each has achieved the major portion of their goals.2) A negotiator's relative strength can be measured by whether people walk away thinking they would be pleased to negotiate with him again. That is to say----if people leave a negotiation thinking they never want to see him/her again, then he/she is a poor negotiator.3) A negotiator needs to understand that different issues should be treatedas of different priorities in different negotiations. Sometimes the relationship is most important; other times creativity is the measure of how well one negotiates. It is always true that good communication is fundamental of a negotiator's strength. A good negotiator makes his points clearly understood by other parties. A better negotiator makes understanding other parties his top priority.multiplicity n. ----the state of being various or manifold多种多样多方面或者多种形式Chapter 5 The Bargaining ProcessCommunication Exercises1. In the business world, everyone is very busy. Business calls are concise and “to the point.” Remember to be positive. Which is the b est expression?1) b 2) a 3) a2. Make proposals about the following:1) I think we should cut the training budget by five per cent.2) I suggest we aim for a two per cent rise in productivity.3) How about going for a meal after work?4)Why don’t w e go to the National Forest Park this year for the companyexcursion?5) I advise you to reduce production costs.6) I propose that we shorten working hours by two and a half hours per week.3. Use the conditional constructions (if…or unless…) to exert pr essure in the following situations.1) I’m afraid we’ll have to cancel the contract unless you reduce your fees.2) We’ll have to choose another supplier if you can’t pay us on time.3) That looks like the end of the negotiation, unless you can make a concession.4) I’m afraid you’ll lose your job unless you work harder.5) If you can’t offer me a better working condition than this, I’ll leave thecompany.6) I’ll accept the new job only if I get a higher pay.7) Unless you order 10,000 pieces of this product immedia tely, you won’tget a quantity discount.4. Once positions have been established in a negotiation, a process of making and responding to proposals usually follows. Which side (the customer or supplier) should start the process? What are the advantages of going first and second?The supplier will usually be expected to start this process the advantage is then given to the customer who doesn’t have t show his hand until he first hears what the supplier is proposing. On the other hand, making a proposal first may set the parameters for discussion and it could be an advantage if you want the negotiation to go in a certain direction.5. What can cause negotiations to fail? How important is it to maintain a positive tone throughout the meeting?Negotiations can fail for a variety of reasons:competitors offer a better deal;problems seem too difficult to solve;personalities clash;negotiating styles clash.Most negotiations will encounter difficult problems. There is a much greater chance that solutions will be found if both parties keep sight of the main objectives and maintain a positive tone.6. Fill in the blanks1). Assess，differences，strengths，next round；2). Fluid，escape routes，time breaks3).Bargaining to our advantage, the skilled negotiator will:a) outsetb) situationc) roundd) satisfactione) Bluff, brinkmanshipf) parallelg) impassesh) written, equal satisfaction7. Put the following into English1) I understand perfectly.2) Let's compromise.3) That's a smart decision.4) I expect to be compensated.5).The longer we wait, the less likely we will come up with anything.6) I'll be expecting your call.7) I'd like to get the ball rolling by talking about prices8) I know your research costs are high, but what I'd like is a 25% discount.9) We'd need a guarantee of future business, not just a promise.10) If you can guarantee that on paper, I think we can discuss this further.6.True or false1). F 2) T 3) F (positive tone) 4) T 5) T6) F (without comment)7) T 8) F (more ) 9) F (high) 10) TNegotiation Skills1. You are negotiating a major purchase, and the sales agent suggests a ridiculously high price which is far above your anticipated purchase price. How do you address the agent in order to get the best price?(b) and (d)The sales agent is trying to get started on the traditional positional bargaining philosophy of "start high, counter low and end up in the middle." In order to counter their attempts at positional bargaining, we should begin by asking them what the basis for their initial price was. This tactic will draw attention away from the initial price and create a focus on the criteria for determining a fair price. Next, we should suggest a price of our own, prove the offer with appropriate criteria and stick to our offer.2. Do you think it’s a good idea to raise the critical issue early in the negotiation? How would you handle the aggressive position immediately adopted by others?Most negotiators start by identifying the common ground. In other words, the points which both sides agreed on. Then have a firm basis to discuss problem areas. It is important that our team do not show too strong an emotional response to the other party’s aggression. Because they will see this as a weakness.3. How to deal with those who say " Our prices are set, we do not bargain "?Businesses were created to meet a perceived need in the marketplace.There are people who fear that if they negotiate, other parties will take advantage of them. This sort of thinking is the result of the belief that negotiation is a competitive process, and only one side can win.The Internet has created a variety of auction choices; many other companies always guarantee the lowest price. So price competition is far from dead. It is simply a matter of people’s choice. If you want to attempt to bargain for a better deal, don't do business with no-negotiation companies.Chapter 6 Closing the NegotiationCommunication Exercises1. A positive comment makes people comfortable and ready to listen. Rewrite these sentences.1) Thanks for your understanding. I really appreciate it.2) Thanks for meeting me at the airport. I really appreciate it.3) Thanks for coming early. I really appreciate it.4) Thanks for working overtime. I really appreciate it.5) Thanks for your cooperation. I really appreciate it.2. A polite way to correct someone is to make the correction impersonal. Try not to use the word you. Which is a more polite correction?1) b 2)b 3) b 4) b 5) b 6) a 7) b 8) a3. Look at the expressions below. Which of them would you use to express each of these ideas in negotiating?What would you say in negotiating…if you’ve not understood an explanation? (10)when you want to complain indirectly to someone? (7)if you do not want to accept the advice someone is giving you? (5)when you want to tell someone something? (1)when you wish to agree with someone? (2)when someone you already know is introduced to you? (6)if you want to interrupt someone? (8)when it’s unlikely that you can do something? (3)when you would like a person to do something for you? (9)when you want to give someone some information? (4)4. Make these statements into proposals and suggestions. Be inclusive---use we rather than I. Try to word your sentences so that they encourage feedback.a. Let’s start by looking at the sales figures.b. Perhaps we should identify who our main competitors are first.c. Wouldn’t you agree that timing is essential?d. We think the main problem is the security system. Would you agree?e. Shall we discuss delivery issues at the end?5. Match each underlined expression (a-d) with its meaning from the expressions below and use the appropriate form of one of the expressions to complete the sentences(e-h).a. reduce our pricesb. a bargaining zonec. contingency pland. a tough negotiatore. room to manoeuvref. knock us downg. drives a hard bargainh. fall-back position6. What should happen at the end of a negotiation? What issues need to be agreed on before closing the meeting?It is important to round off a negotiation well, so that nothing remains ambiguous. Before closing the negotiation, the participants need to confirm what exactly has been achieved. They need to agree on future follow-up action and, if possible, set a date for the next or future meetings.7. What steps do you go through to close a negotiation effectively?To close a negotiation effectively we should do the following steps:1) Summarizing---summarize issues discussed---confirm objectives attained---state areas where you have yet to reach agreement or where further discussion is needed2) Follow-up action---delegate responsibility for follow-up action and set time-scale---minute or document decisions3) Departing---confirm arrangements for next meeting (if there is to be one)---chairperson thanks participants for coming8．Fill in the blanksunsuccessful, close, maximum, enough, agenda .9. Put the following sentences into English1)I think we have discussed most of the key issues today.2) That takes care of business for today.3) We can work out the detail next time.4) We have done a lot.5) It's party time.6) If there are still unanswered questions, I will be happy to help.7) I think we should meet again.8) Is a week too early to meet again?。
商务英语谈判情景对话(5篇)
商务英语谈判情景对话（5篇）商务英语谈判篇一Business NegotiationA: The seller Miss su representingKai ya Chocolate Manufacturing Co.LtdB: The buyer Mr.zhou representing zhong shang supermarket.A: Good morning, Mr.Zhou.Glad to meet you.B: Good morning, Miss su.It’s very nice to see you in person.A: How are things going?B: Everything is nice.A: So, what’s the topic of today’s meeting?B: Ok, after the last talk, we appreciate you price very let’s talk about the terms of payment.Would you accept D/P? I hope it will be acceptable to you.A: The terms of payment we usually adopt are sight L/C.B: But I think it would be beneficial to both of us to adopt more flexible payment terms such as D/P term.A: Payment by L/C is our usual practice of doing business with all customers for such commodities.I’m sorry we can’t accept D/P terms.B: As for regular orders in future, couldn’t you agree to D/P?A: Sure.After several smooth transactions, we can try D/P terms.B: Well, as for shipment, the soon the better.A: Yes, shipment is to be made in April, not allowing partial shipment.B: can you make it earlier? May be in March, our customer is eager for them.A: All right.Let me have a check, oh!There are some steam vessels available to your port, so we can make it in March.B: Good!By the way, when can I expect to sign the S/C?A: Mr.Zhou, would it be convenient for you to come again tomorrow morning.I’ll get the S/C ready tomorrow for your signature.B: That’s fine.See you Su.A: See you and thanks for coming, Mr.Zhou.常用商务英语谈判对话开场介绍篇二常用商务英语谈判对话:开场介绍篇编辑:Smart(1)A: I don’t believe we’ve met.B: No, I don’t think we have.A: My name is Chen Sung-lim.B: How do you do? My name is Fred Smith.A: 我们以前没有见过吧？B：我想没有。
商务英语初次见面谈判英文对话
商务英语初次见面谈判英文对话1. 介绍与打招呼A: Good morning. Nice to meet you.B: Good morning. Nice to meet you too.2. 自我介绍A: My name is John Smith, I’m the sales manager of ABC Company.B: I’m Lily Chen, the purchasing manager of XYZ Company.3. 介绍公司和业务A: Ourpany specializes in the production of high-quality electronics.B: We are a leading manufacturer in the textile industry.4. 聊聊和建立关系A: How was your trip?B: It was good, thank you. I’m glad to be here.A: Would you like a cup of coffee before we start?B: Yes, that would be great.5. 谈论商务目的A: We are here to discuss the possibility of a long-term business partnership.B: That’s exactly why we are here as well.6. 谈论产品和服务A: We offer a wide range of products withpetitive prices and excellent after-sales service.B: We are looking for reliable suppliers with high-quality products and good customer support.7. 谈判条件和要求A: We are willing to discuss the terms and conditions of the partnership.B: We have some specific requirements regarding the quality and delivery time.8. 提出建议和反馈A: We can offer customized solutions to meet your needs.B: It’s important for us to have a stable supply ch本人n andpetitive pricing.9. 结束谈话A: It was great meeting you. We will be in touch soon.B: Thank you for your time. We look forward to further discussions.以上是一段商务英语初次见面谈判的英文对话示例，希望对您有所帮助。
商务谈判情景英语对话
商务谈判情景英语对话掌握一些必备的商务英语口语对话，会对我们的在商务谈判上有很大的帮助。
下面店铺整理了商务谈判情景英语对话，供你阅读参考。
商务谈判情景英语对话：产品谈判对话A: I'm sorry to say that the price you quote is too high. It would be very difficult for us to push any sales if we buy it at this price.B: well, if you take quality into consideration, you won't think our price is too highA: Let’s meet each other half way.- 很遗憾你们报的价格太高，如果按这种价格买进，我方实在难以推销。
- 如果你考虑一下质量，你就不会觉得我们的价格太高了。
- 那咱们就各让一步吧。
A: I'm sorry to say that your price has soared. It's almost 20% higher than last year's.B: That's because the price of raw materials has gone up.A: I see. Thank you.- 很遗憾，贵方的价格猛长，比去年几乎高出20%。
- 那是因为原材料的价格上涨了。
- 我知道了，多谢。
A: How many do you intend to order?B: I want to order 900 dozen.A: The most we can offer you at present is 600 dozen.- 这种产品你们想订多少?- 我们想订900打。
- 目前我们至多只能提供600打。
商务英语谈判实训全套参考答案
商务英语谈判实训(参考答案)主编刘玉玲1ContentsUnit 1 Company and Products……………………………… Unit 2 Enquiry and Offer……………………………………… Unit 3 Price Haggling………………………………………… Unit 4 Quality and Quantity………………………………….. Unit 5 Packing and Labeling…………………………………. Unit 6 Delivery and Shipment……………………………….. Unit 7 Terms of Payment……………………………………. Unit 8 Insurance……………………………………………… Unit 9 Conclusion……………………………………………. Unit 10 Claims and Settlement……………………………….. Appendix: Trade Terms and Expressions…………………….2Unit 1 Company and ProductsV. Practice1. Pair work(open)1. Tom Smith, a businessman from ABC Company Ltd., Finland is interested in Home Appliance handled by Guangdong Hualong Trade Co. Ltd. Li Ming Introduces the business activities and the history of his company to him.2. Supposing you are showing Mr. Smith around your sample room, heis interested in the products on display, asking you to give him a general idea of your company and the products. 3. Mr. White, a Canadian businessman specializing in textile, comes to trade with Tianjin Carpets Import & Export Company Ltd. Mr. Liu, the sales manager, is having a general discussion with him regarding the line of business of his company.4. You are attending the 2008 Autumn Guangzhou Fair on behalf of Guangdong Textiles Import & Export Corporation. At the fair, you meet Mr. Burns, a businessman from American Overseas Trading Company. It is the first time for him to attend the fair, everything is new to him. Both of you have a talk for the purpose of establishing business relations .So you take this opportunity to introduce your company and the products you deal in.2. Situations (open)Situation 1You are the sales managers of the Tianjin Home Textiles Corporation. Your products include towels, bedclothes and curtains. You are nowhaving a talk with an American businessperson concerning your companyand the line of business, trying to persuade him to buy your products Situation 2Mr. Anderson, an American businessman, is visiting an exhibition. He is rather interested in a new product, a pair of so-called “air cushioned” shoes, which are manufactured by a small business. Mr. Zhang,an exhibitor from the company, is trying his best to provide Mr. Anderson with detailed information on both his new product and his company.Situation 33You are a novice at the import and export business. This is yourfirst visit to China. You are not sure whether you can close a deal or not. The goods you want to purchase are bedclothes. After going over the catalogues, you find some items very attractive. So you ask a lot of questions. Situation 4Mr. Wang from Guangzhou YUEHUA Import & Export Corporation is having a business talk with Mrs. Jenkins from Australia Johnson & Son Trading Corporation. It is the first time they meet each other. Mrs. Jenkins would like to have more information about YUEHUA Corporation and the products they deal in. Compose dialogues regarding company and products.3. Sentence Translations1. This model of typewriter is efficient and endurable, economical and practical for middle school students.这款打字机功效高、耐用，对中学生来说经济实用。
商务谈判技巧英文版（共3篇）（精简版）
商务谈判技巧英文版(共3篇)商务谈判技巧英文版(共3篇)篇一：商务谈判强大英语技巧商务谈判中的英语技巧与外商进行商务谈判时大多用英语进行，所以这个时候我们要注意避免跨国文化交流产生的歧义，交谈时尽量用简单、清楚、明确的英语，不说易引起对方反感的话语，如下列这些词语中就带有不信任色彩，可能会客户不愿积极与我们合作。
“to tell you the truth”，“I’ll be honest ith you…”，“I ill do my best．”“it’s none of my business but…”。
为了避免误会，我们可用释义法确保沟通顺利进行。
如，“e ould accept price if you could modify your specifications．”我们还可以说：“If I understand you correctly, hat you are really saying is that you agree to accept our price if e improve our product as you request．” 最后，为确保沟通顺利的另一个方法是在谈判结束前作一个小结，把到现在为止达成的协议重述一遍并要求对方予以认可。
另外在商务谈判还应注意下列问题：I “会听” 要尽量鼓励对方多说，向对方说：“yes”，“please go on”，并提问题请对方回答，使对方多谈他们的情况。
II 巧提问题用开放式的问题来了解进口商的需求，使进口商自由畅谈。
“can you tell me more about your campany?”“hat do you think of our proposal?” 对外商的回答，把重点和关键问题记下来以备后用。
进口商常常会问：“can not you do better than that?” 对此不要让步，而应反问：“hat is meant by better?”或“better than hat?”使进口商说明他们究竟在哪些方面不满意。
商务英语情景对话---价格谈判篇
对话一：Tolerance makes space/One Step Back for Boundless Sky退一步海阔天空小明:It's difficult for us to push the sale（加否定词表示‘无法销售’）of your digital cameras nowadays.小红:What seems to be the problem? 小明:Price.Frankly, your price is on the high side. （charge top dollar要价最高/cost an arm and a leg 很贵，相当贵）小红:As you may have noticed,the price skyrockets in raw materials,so we're forced to adjust our prices accordingly. 小明:I'm sorry to say we have to close business at that price. Aren't we old friends?We've had a very good business relationship over the past years,I suggest you make an appropriate reduction. 小红:Well,in view of our good cooperation over the past years. let's meet each other half way（我们来个折中），I'll make a reduction by3%.对话二：Smith: What do you have there,Ms.Yang?Yang: Some of our new products.Would you like to have a look at the paterns? Smith:Yes,please.Yang: Here they are,MRS.Smith.Smith: I like this printed poplin.How much is it a yard?Yang:45 pence per yard. Cif London.Smith:Your price is higher than i can accept. Could you come down a little? Yang:What would you suggest?Smith:Could you make it 40pence per yard,CIF London?Yang:I'm afraid we can't.This is the best price we can quote.Smith: Let's leave that for the time being.Yang:Are you interested in our pongee?Smith:Yes.Please show me the latest products.Yang: Here it is.Smith:The quality is very good.But nowadays nylon is pushing this material out.Yang: I donot think so. We are sold a lot this month.Smith:Well, anyway, I'll book a trial order. The price?Yang: Same as we offered last time.Smith:What about the quantity?Yang:200 pieces for September shipment.Smith: All right.I'll take the lot.Yang: How about printed poplin,then?Smith: There's stall a gap of 5 pence.Will you give me a trade discount? Yang: Sorry. Can we meet each other half way?Smith: What do you mean?Yang: Let's close the deal at 43 pence per yard,CIF London.Smith: You drive a hard bargain,(意思是拼命讨价还价），but I'll accept this time.Yang:We will provide good service and quality.Smith: That will be deeply appreciated.Yang: Shall I make out the contract for you to sign tomorrow?Smith: Fine对话三：Jane:All right.Shall we get down to the price now? Joe:No problem.Our unit price for the hand-made straw mattress is 10$ per one. Jane:I think the price is a little bit higher; can you give me a discount? Joe:You know our product has a steady demand in market and the quality is excellent, the price is reasonable. If you place more than 1000 pieces, we’ll give you 3% discount. Jane:Well since this is the first transaction between us, we’d lik e to place a trial order of 1000 pieces to promote our relationships. Joe:Good.对话四：安妮:I've come to hear about your offer for bristles. 哈里:We have the offer ready for you. Let me see... here it is. 100 cases（箱）Houston Bristles, 57 mm, at 10 pounds sterling per kilogram, C.I.F(CIF是COST，INSURANCE，ANDFREIGHT，成本加保险加运费，后跟目的地) European Main Ports, for shipment in June 2001（2001.06交货）. The offer(报盘) is valid （有效）for five days. （注：按CIF术语成交，虽然由卖方安排货物运输和办理货运保险，但卖方并不承担保证把货送到约定目的港的义务，因为CIF是属于装运交货的术语，而不是目的港交货的术语，也就是说CIF不是“到岸价” 。
商务英语对话谈判_谈判技巧_
商务英语对话谈判商务英语口语涉及到不少英语中的专业词汇和知识，要想完全掌握，练就熟练口语并非一朝一夕，需要长时间的学习和累积。
下面小编整理了商务英语对话谈判，供你阅读参考。
商务英语对话谈判：商讨价格英语对话Peter:I'd like to get the ball rolling by talking about prices.我们从谈价格开始吧.Smith:Shoot. I'd be happy to answer any questions you may have.洗耳恭听.我很乐意回答你的任何问题.Peter:Your products are very good. But I'm a little worried about the prices you're asking.贵司产品非常不错,但我有点担心你的价格.Smith:You think we will be asking for more?你认为我们会要更多吗?Peter:That's not exactly what I had in mind. I know your research costs are high, but what I'd like is a 25% discount.那并不是我想的.我知道你们的研究成本是很高,但我希望能得到七五折.Smith:That seems to be a little high. I don't know how we can make a profit with those numbers.太高了.这样的折扣我们没有利润了.Peter:We said we want 10000pcs over a three-month period. What if we plan orders for a year, with a guarantee?我们接下来的三个月需要采购10000个,如果我们保证一年的订单怎么样?Smith:If you can guarantee that on paper,I think we can discuss this further.如果你能将你的保证写下来的话,我想可以考虑.英语知识点：1.I'd like to get the ball rolling by talking about prices."get the ball rolling"就是"开始做某事"的意思,"to make something start happening".也可以说是"set/start the ball rolling",意思不变.I'll start the ball rolling by introducing the first speaker. 我来介绍一下第一位讲演者作为开始.I'd like to get/start the ball rolling by doing sth是一句谈话,谈判时很好的.2.Shoot:(让某人把话说出来)说吧,请讲.比较的非正式.You want to tell me something? OK, shoot! 你有话要告诉我?那好,说吧!3.That's not exactly what I had in mind.Have(got) sth in mind:打算做某事,有心做某事What do you have in mind for dinner tonight? 你晚上想吃什么?How long have you had this in mind? 你想这件事多久了?大家要注意了,have sth in mind单纯地指想或者计划某事,不带感情色彩,而 have sth on sb's mind意思就大不一样了.Don't bother your father tonight─he's got a lot on his mind. 今晚就别打扰你父亲了--他的烦心事儿已经够多了.4.What if we plan orders for a year, with a guarantee?Order: 订货;订购;订单相关词组:Place an order for sth:订购某物I would like to place an order for ten copies of this book. 这本书我想订购十册.Can be made to order:可以定做These items can be made to order(= produced especially for a particular customer) 这几项可以订做.5.If you can guarantee that on paper,I think we can discuss this further.On paper: when you put something on paper, you write it down 写下来;笔录On paper还有一个意思,就是"仅照字面看;理论上", judged from written information only, but not proved in practice.例如,The idea looks good on paper. 仅就字面看,这个主意不错. 商务英语对话谈判：价格谈判常用句型1.Let's get down to business, shall we?(让我们开始谈生意好吗?)2.I'd like to tell you what I think about that.(我想告诉你我的一些想法。
商务英语谈判对话范文
商务英语谈判对话范文商务谈判技巧在任何合作场合都能用得到，谈判的水平直接决定成本或者收益，下面店铺整理了商务英语谈判对话范文，供你阅读参考。
商务英语谈判对话范文：情景对话今天Robert的办公室出现了一个生面孔――Kevin Hughes，此人代表美国一家运动产品公司，专程来台湾寻找加工。
接洽的加工产品市运动型“磁质石膏护垫”，受伤的运动员包上这种产品上场比赛，即可保护受伤部位，且不妨碍活动。
现在，我们就来看看两人的会议现况：R: We found your proposal quite interesting, Mr. Hughes. We'd like to weigh the pros and cons(衡量得失)with you.K: Mr. Robert Liu, we've looked all over Asia for a manufacturer; your company is one of the most suitable.R: If we can settle a number of basic questions, I'm confident in saying that we are the most suitable for your needs.K: I hope so. And what might be the basic questions you have?R: First, do you intend to take a position in(投资于……)our company?K: No, we don't, Mr. Liu. This is just OEM.R: I see. Then, the most important thing is the size of your orders. We'll have to invest a great deal of money in the new production process.K: If you can guarantee continuing quality, we can sign a commitment for 75,000 pieces a year, for five years.R: At U.S. $1000 a piece, we'll make an average return of just 4%. That's too great a financial burden for us.K: I'll check the number later, but what do you propose?R: Here's how you can demonstrate commitment to this deal.Make it ten years, increase the unit price, and provide technology transfer.商务英语谈判对话范文：实例对话Robert在前面的谈判最后提出签约十年的要求，Kevin会不会答应呢?如果答案是否决的话，Robert又有何打算?他一心为公司的利益打算，极力争取技术转移地协定，而对方会甘心出让此项比金钱更珍贵的资产吗?请看以下分解：K: We can't sign any commitment for ten years. But if your production quality is good after the first year, we could extend the contract and increase our yearly purchase.R: That sounds reasonable. But could you shed some light on(透露)the size of your orders?K: If we are happy with your quality, we might increase our purchase to 100,000 a year, for a two-year period.R: Excuse me, Mr. Hughes, but it seems to me we're giving up too much in this case. We'd be giving up the five-year guarantee for increased yearly sales.K: Mr. Liu, you've got to give up something to get something.R: If you're asking us to take such a large gamble(冒险)for just two year's sales, I'm sorry, but you're not in our ballpark(接受的范围).K: What would it take to keep Pacer interested?R: A three-year guarantee, not two. And a qualilty inspection(质量检查)tour after one year is fine, but we'd like some of our personnel on the team.K: Acceptable. Anything else?R: We'd be making huge capital outlay(资本支出)for the production process, so we'd like to set up a technology transfer agreement, to help us get off the ground(取得初步进步).。
商务英语谈判对话范文
商务英语谈判对话范文A: Good morning, Mr. Smith. Thank you for meeting with me today to discuss the potential partnership between our two companies.B: Good morning, Ms. Johnson. It's my pleasure. I believe there are many opportunities for collaboration between our companies.A: I agree. Our companies share similar values and goals, and I believe that by working together, we can achieve great success. I would like to start by discussing the terms of the partnership.B: Of course. I think it's important for both of our companies to benefit from this partnership. What are your initial thoughts on the terms?A: We are looking for a long-term partnership, so we would like to discuss a mutually beneficial agreement that includes revenue sharing, joint marketing efforts, and a clear outline of each company's responsibilities.B: I understand. We are also interested in a long-term partnership and are open to discussing revenue sharing and joint marketing efforts. However, we would like to ensure that the agreement is fair and transparent for both parties.A: I completely agree. Transparency and fairness are essential for the success of any partnership. I would like to propose a revenue sharing model that is based on the performance of each company, as well as a clear outline of the marketing efforts that we will undertake together.B: That sounds reasonable. I think we can come to an agreement on the revenue sharing model and the marketing efforts. However, I would like to discuss the responsibilities of each company in more detail. It's important for us to have a clear understanding of what is expected from both parties.A: I agree. I think it would be beneficial for us to outline the specific responsibilities of each company in the partnership agreement. This will help to avoid any misunderstandings in the future and ensure that both parties are clear on their obligations.B: Agreed. I think we are making good progress in our discussions. I believe that if we continue to work together in a collaborative and transparent manner, we can reach a mutually beneficial agreement.A: I couldn't agree more. I am confident that by working together, we can achieve great success and create a strong and lasting partnership between our companies.B: Thank you for your time today, Ms. Johnson. I look forward to continuing our discussions and reaching a successful agreement.A: Thank you, Mr. Smith. I am also looking forward to the potential partnership between our companies. I will have my team draft a partnership agreement based on our discussions, and we can continue our negotiations from there.B: Sounds good. I will have my team review the agreement and we can schedule another meeting to finalize the details. Thank you again for meeting with me today.A: You're welcome, Mr. Smith. I will be in touch soon to schedule our next meeting. Thank you for your time.B: Thank you, Ms. Johnson. Have a great day.A: You too, Mr. Smith. Goodbye.B: Goodbye.In this negotiation dialogue, both parties are able to express their thoughts and concerns clearly and work towards a mutually beneficial agreement. The conversation is polite and professional, and both parties are open to discussing the terms of the partnership in a collaborative and transparent manner. This is a great example of how business negotiations should be conducted, with a focus on finding common ground and reaching a successful agreement.。
商务英语谈判对话带翻译
商务英语谈判对话带翻译商务谈判是交易当中最为重要的一部分，以下是我给大家整理的关于商务英语谈判对话带翻译，盼望可以帮到大家关于商务英语谈判对话带翻译一This book has information about layers and their priorites. It covers how they look out for themselves and their clients, why they say theres no conflict of interest, and how no stone is left unturned for client, regardless of cost. The attorney is tireless in checking every angle. This is basically because they are paid by the hour. The more time they spend on the case, the more they get paid.这本书谈到律师和他们处理事情的轻重缓急态度，也谈到他们如何擅长维护自身和客户的利益，以及他们会不惜成本，强说事情没有利益冲突，或坚称客户的状况会很顺当的缘由。
在认真调查大事层面时，律师从不感到疲乏，这是由于他们按时数计费，他们花在案子上的时间越长，赚的钱都多。
The fact that an in-house attorney handles similar situations faster and cheaper than attorneys paid by the hour is one of those mysteries of life we mere mortals will never understand without the help of an attorney.当企业雇有专属的律师，处理类似案件的速度就会比较快，而收费在比以外面按时计费的律师低。
商务英语谈判对话带翻译
商务英语谈判对话带翻译商务谈判是交易当中最为重要的一部分，以下是小编给大家整理的关于商务英语谈判对话带翻译，希望可以帮到大家关于商务英语谈判对话带翻译This book has information about layers and their priorites. It covers how they look out for themselves and their clients, why they say there's no conflict of interest, and how no stone is left unturned for client, regardless of cost. The attorney is tireless in checking every angle. This is basically because they are paid by the hour. The more time they spend on the case, the more they get paid.这本书谈到律师和他们处理事情的轻重缓急态度，也谈到他们如何善于维护自身和客户的利益，以及他们会不惜成本，强说事情没有利益冲突，或坚称客户的情况会很顺利的原因。
在仔细调查事件层面时，律师从不感到疲倦，这是因为他们按时数计费，他们花在案子上的时间越长，赚的钱都多。
The fact that an in-house attorney handles similar situations faster and cheaper than attorneys paid by the hour is one of those mysteries of life we mere mortals will never understand without the help of an attorney.当企业雇有专属的律师，处理类似案件的速度就会比较快，而收费在比以外面按时计费的律师低。
商务英语谈价格
商务英语---价格谈判商谈价格是买卖之间很重要的一环。
商品的价值往往同商品的本质关系密切。
当要强调出口商品的品质以使交易达到理想的价格时。
我们可以说：This one is very good for 10 US dollars.(这东西绝对值10美元。
)或These are slightly higher in price, but their superior quality makes them more valuable than the less expensive ones.(这些货价稍微高了一点，但其优异的品质，使它们比那些便宜的货，更有价值。
)在谈到商品价格便宜时，买方切忌使用cheap这个词，因为在西方人看来，它意味着商品是由廉价劳工（cheap labor）制造出来的廉价商品。
应尽量使用reasonable这个形容词。
如：The price is quite reasonable.(这价格相当合理。
)讨价还价的结果是双方做出的让步。
在最后让步时可说："The best compromise we can make is ..."(我们能做出的最大让步是...)或者"This is the lowest possible price."(这已是最低价格。
)，然后坚定不移，否则，如果让步太过分，就可能造成卖方的损失。
1．Let's get down to business, shall we?让我们开始谈生意好吗？2．I'd like to tell you what I think about that.我想告诉你我的一些想法。
3．Are those prices FOB or CIF?这些价格是船上交货价还是运费及保险费在内价？4．Are these prices wholesale or retail?这些价格是批发价还是零售价？5．That's too high.价钱太高了。
商务英语谈判对话
商务英语谈判经典句1 If you take quality into consideration, you will find our price reasonable. 如果您把质量考虑进去的话,您会发现我方价格是合理的.2 We guarantee quality products which can stand fierce competition.我们保证提供能经得起激烈竞争的高质量产品.3 I still have some questions concerning our contract.就合同方面我还有些问题要问.4 We are always willing to cooperate with you and if necessary make some concessions.我们总是愿意合作的,如果需要还可以做些让步.5 If you have any comment about these clauses, do not hesitate to make.对这些条款有何意见,请尽管提,不必客气.6 Do you think there is something wrong with the contract你认为合同有问题吗7 We'd like you to consider our request once again.我们希望贵方再次考虑我们的要求.8 We'd like to clear up some points connected with the technical part of the contract.我们希望搞清楚有关合同中技术方面的几个问题.9 The negotiations on the rights and obligations of the parties under contract turned out to be very successful.就合同保方的权利和义务方面的谈判非常成功.10 We can't agree with the alterations and amendments to the contract.我们无法同意对合同工的变动和修改.11 We hope that the next negotiation will be the last one before signing the contract.我们希望下一交谈判将是签订合同前的最后一轮谈判.12 We don't have any different opinions about the contractual obligations of both parties.就合同双方要承担的义务方面,我们没有什幺意见.13 That's international practice. Wecan't break it.这是国际惯例,我们不能违背.14 We are prepared to reconsider amending the contract.我们可以重新考虑修改合同.15 We'll have to discuss about the total contract price.我们不得不讨论一下合同的总价格问题.16 Do you think the method of payment is OK for you你们认为结算方式合适吗17 We are really glad to see you so constructive in helping settle the problems as regards the signing of the contract.我们很高兴您在解决有关合同的问题上如此具有建设性.818 Here are the two originals of the contract we prepared.这是我们准备好的两份合同正本.19 Would you please read the draft contract and make your moments about the terms请仔细阅读合同草案,并就合同各条款提出你的看法好吗20 When will the contract be ready合同何时准备好21 Please sign a copy of our Sales Contract enclosed here in duplicate and return to us for our file.请会签第156号销售合同一式两份中的一份,将它寄回我方存档.22 The contract will be sent to you by air mail for your signature.合同会航邮给你们签字.23 Don't you think it necessary to have a close study of the contract to avoid anything missing你不觉得应该仔细检查一下合同,以免遗漏什幺吗24 We have agreed on all terms in the contract. Shall we sign it next week 我们对合同各项条款全无异议,下周签合同如何25 All disputes arising in the course of the consignment period shall be settled amicably through friendly negotiation.所有在运输途中引起的纠纷都将通过友好协商,妥善加以解决.26 We'll ship our goods in accordance with the terms of the contract.我们将按合同条款交货.27 You can stay assured that shipment will be effected according to the contract stipulation.你尽管放心,我们将按合同规定如期装船.28 They've promised to keep both we quality and the quantity of the 300 bicycles in conformity with the contract stipulations.他们已承诺那300辆自行车的质量和数量一定与合同规定相吻合.29 We are sure the contract can be carried out smoothly.我们确信合同会顺利执行的.30 The machines will be made of the best materials and the stipulations of the contract be strictly observed.机器将用最好的材料生产,合同的规定也将得以严格履行.31 The two parties involved in a contract have the obligation to execute the contract.合同双方有义务履行合同.32 Unless there is a sudden change of political situation, it is not accepted to execute the contract only partially.除非有什幺突然的政局变化,否则执行部分合同不能被接受.33 Any deviation from the contract will be unfavorable.任何违背合同之事都是不利的.34 The buyer has the option of canceling the contract.买主有权撤消合同.35 Any kind of backing out of the contract will be charged a penalty as has been stated in the penalty clause.任何背弃合同的行为将受到惩罚,这已在处罚条款里写得很清楚了.36 We want to cancel the contract because of your delay in delivery.由于贵方交货拖延,我方要求取消合同.37 The buyer has the right to cancel the contract unilaterally if the seller fails to ship the goods within the L/C validity.如果卖方不能在信用证有效期内交货的话,买方有权单方面取消合同.38 You cannot break the contract without any good reason.如果没有什幺正当理由,你们不应撕毁合同.39 We have every reason to cancel the contract because you've failed to fulfill your part of it.我们完全有理由取消合同,因为你们没有完成应遵守的合同内容,履行合同.40 One party is entitled to cancel the contract if the other side cannot execute it.如果一方不履行合同,另一方有权取消合同.41 Generally speaking, a contract cannot be changed after it has been signed by both parties.一般来讲,合同一经双方签订就不得更改.42 Some relative clauses in the contract have to be amended owing to the unexpected situation.由于这种难以预料的情况,合同中的有关条款不得不做些修改.43 Since the contract is about to expire, shall we discuss a new one这个合同将到期,我们来谈谈新合同的事宜吧.44 Packing has a close bearing on sales.包装直接关系到产品的销售.45 Packing will help push the sales.包装有助于推销产品.46 Buyers always pay great attention to packing.买方通常很注意包装.47 Different articles require different forms of packing.不同商品需要不同的包装.48 Buyers, generally speaking, bear the change of packing.一般来说,买方应承担包装费用.49 How much does packing take up of the total cost of the goods包装占货物总成本的百分比是多少50 The packing must be strong enough to withstand rough handing.包装必须很坚固,能承受野蛮装卸.51 Strong packing will protect the goods from any possible damage during transit.坚固的包装可以防止货物在运输途中受到任何损失.52 Cartons are seaworthy.纸箱适合海运.53 This kind of article is often bought as a gift, so exquisite and tasteful design is of prime importance.人们购买这种商品通常用来赠亲友,所以精美高雅的设计至关重要.54 We'd like to hear what you say concerning the matter of packing.我们很想听听你们在包装方面有什幺意见.55 Do you have nay objection to the stipulations about the packing and shipping marks有关包装运输唛头的条款你们有什幺异议吗56 We'll pack the goods according to your instruction.我们将按你方的要求进行包装.57 The goods will be packed in wood wool to prevent damage.货物将用细刨花包装,以防损坏.58 Measures should be taken to reinforce the cartons.应采取措施加固纸箱.59 Suggestions on packing are greatly appreciated.我们非常欢迎大家对包装方面提出建议.60 Our standardized packing has been approved by many foreign clients.许多国外客户已经认可了我们标准化的包装.61 It's urgent to improve the packing.必须马上改进包装.62 Packing charges are excluded in the quoted prices.包装费用未算在报价中.63 To minimize any possible damage, we've packed our goods in the way to suit for long sea-voyage.为使损失减少到最低限度,我们对货物的包装足以承受长途海运.64 Please make an offer indicating the packing.请报价并说明包装情况.65 Please make sure that the goods be protected from moisture.请保证货物不受潮.66 We hope your design and the color will be strongly attractive to the American people.我们希望你们的设计和颜色对美国人具有巨大吸引力.67 This kind of box is not suitable for the transport of the tea sets by sea. 这种箱子不适合装茶具海运.68 We would like to know how you will pack the silk shirts.我们想知道你们如何包装这些真丝衬衫.69 Although the cartons are light and easy to handle, we think it is not strong enough to be shipped.虽然这些纸箱轻便、易拿,但我们认为它们在运输中不太结实.70 Please use normal export containers unless you receive special instructions from our agents.除非你们收到我方代理的特别指示,否则请用正常出口集装箱.71 All bags contain an inner waterproof lining.所有包内都有一层防水内衬.72 The crates are charge to you at $5 each if they are not returned to us within 2 weeks.如果木条箱两星期内不归还,则每只箱扣罚五美元.73 Solid packing and overall stuffing can prevent the cases from vibration and jarring.坚固的木箱和箱内严密的填充可防止木箱受震、开裂.74 Those goods are available in strong wooden drums of 1,2,5,10 and 20 liters. 这些货物分别装入1、2、5、10、20升的木桶里.75 Fifty-liter carboy would be the most economical size. Carboys may be retained without charge for two months.50升的瓶子应是最经济的尺码,这些瓶子可免费保存两个月.76 The various items of your order will be packed into bundles of suitable sizefor shipment.你们定单上的各种货物被打成各种大小不同的捆儿,以便于运输.77 Please keep the cartons to 15kg each and metal-strap all cartons in stacks of 4.请将每个纸箱重量限制在15公斤内,并将每4箱一组用铁条儿固定起来.78 Each item is to be wrapped separately in grease-paper.每件货物应单独用油纸包好.79 All measurements of each case must not exceed 1m1m.每只木箱体积不应超过1m1m.80 Each single crate is heavily padded and packed with 4 carboys.每只木条箱内装4只大瓶子将空余处填满.81 Full details regarding packing and marking must be strictly observed.请严格遵守包装及商标的细则.82 To facilitate carrying, rope or metal handles are indispensable and should be fixed to the boxes.为便于搬运,绳子或铁把手不可缺少,并将其固定在箱子上.83 Our packing charge includes $1 for the drum, which sum will be credited on return.包装费中有1美元是包装桶的费用,此费用在桶还给我们时可退回.84 The whole carton is packed with double straps, each corner of the carton consolidated with metal angles.纸箱外加了两道箍,每个箱角都用金属角加固.85 Foam plastics are applied to protect the goods against press.泡沫塑料用来防止挤压.86 It's essential to choose the right means of transportation.选择合适的运输方式很重要.87 To ensure faster delivery, you are asked to forward the order by air freight. 为了确保迅速交货,我方要求此订货用空运.88 Generally speaking, it's cheaper but slower to ship goods by sea than by rail.总的来说,海运比铁路运输更便宜,但速度慢一些.89 It's faster but more expensive to ship goods by air.空运较快但运费较高.90 Since we need the goods urgently, we must insist on express shipment.由于我方急需这批货物,我方坚持使用快递装运.91 Because of the type of purchase, we can only ship by road.由于商品的性质,我方只能使用公路运输.92 If the customer requests a carrier other than truck, he must bear the additional charge.如果顾客坚持用卡车以外的运输工具,就必须负担额外费用.93 The goods will be transhipped in Hong Kong.货物将在香港转船.94 There may be some quantity difference when loading the goods, but not more than 5%.货物装船时可能会有一些数量出入,但不会超过5%.95 To make it easier for us to get the goods ready for shipment, we hope that partial shipment is allowed.为了便于我方备货装船,希望允许分批发运.96 Delivery has to be put off due to the strike of the workers at the port. 由于港口工人罢工,交货只好推迟.97 We are sorry to delay the shipment because our manufacturer has met unexpected difficulties.恕延期货船,因为我们厂家遇到了预料不到的困难.98 We assume that damage occurred while the consignment was in your care. 我们认为货物是在你方保管时受到损害的.99 The consignment appears to have been roughly handled and left near a heater. 看来货物未受到细心的处理,并且被放置于加热器附近.100 I'm afraid I have some rather bad news for you.我恐怕有些很坏的消息要告诉你.谈判中英语单词的选择1、At the request of Party B, Party A agrees to send technicians to assist PartyB to install the equipment.应乙方要求,甲方同意派遣技术人员帮助乙方安装设备.assist 较 help 正式；2、The personnel shall not to partake in any political activities in Iraq.所有人员不得参加伊拉克国内的任何政治活动.partake in 较 take part in 正式；3、The Employer shall render correct technical guidance to the personnel.雇主应该对有关人员给予正确技术指导.render 较 give 正式；4、Party A shall repatriate the patient to China and bear the cost of his passage to Guangzhou.甲方应将病人遣返中国并负责其返回广州的旅费.repatriate 较 send back 正式；5、This Contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of China.本合同受中国法律管辖,并按中国法律解释.construe 较 explain,interpret 正式；6、The Employer may object to and require the Contractor to replace forthwith any of its authorized representatives who is incompetent.雇主认为承包人委派的授权代表不合格时,可以反对并要求立即撤换.require较ask 正式；公文体forthwith 较 at once 正式；7、The Chairperson may convene an interim meeting based on a proposal made by one-third of the total number of directors.董事长可以根据董事会过1/3董事的提议而召集临时董事会议.convene,interim 都是正式用词.8、In case one party desires to sell or assign all or part of its investment subscribed, the other party shall have the preemptive right.如一方想出售或转让其投资之全部或部分,另一方有优先购买权.法律用词assign 较transfer 正式.9、In processing transactions, the manufacturers shall never have title either to the materials or the finished products.加工贸易中,厂方无论是对原料还是成品都无所有权. 法律用词title 较 ownership 正式.10、The term "Effective date" means the date on which this Agreement is dulyexecuted by the parties hereto.“生效期”指双方合同签字的日子. 法律用词execute 较 sign 正式.商务英语谈判案例对话Dialogue 1A: So, thank you for coming, everyone. It's really a pleasure to see you all here. First of all, may i suggest you take a look at the agenda i sent you Would you like to make any comment on thatB: Yes, i wonder if we can begin withshipment question first. We really need to come to an agreement on that before anything else.A: That's true, but it's also a very difficult issue. That's the reason why i put it last. I thought it might be a good idea for us to start with the points we have in common. We'll move on to the shipment issue after that.B: All right. That sounds reasonable.A: Well, before we go any future, I would like to say strongly how i feel that it's in both our interest to reach an agreement today. The market is becoming even more competitive and our combined strength will give us some big advantages, not least in terms of the dealer network. Now, i think Richard would like to say a few words about that.1. make comments on sth 对某事进行评论Example: Would you make comments on our woman's garments in current design 您对我们流行女装款式有何评论Oh look very nice 哦,看起来很漂亮2. have sth. in common: 有共同点Example: The two firms have very little common in selling strategies. 这两家公司在销售策略上没有什么共同点.3. in the interest of: 符合......的利益Example: The stable and healthy business relations are in the interest of our sides. 稳定健康的贸易关系符合双方的利益.Dialogue 2A: Hello, Mr Wang, nice to see you again. How are youB: Fine, thank you ,and youA: Well, before we go any future, I would like to say strongly how i feel that it's in both our interest to reach an agreement today. The market is becoming even moreA: I'm fine, we just moved in our new house. Everything is in a great mess. It's a nightmare. But I’ll appreciate not having to spend so much time commuting to my work every day.B: Yes, it took me nearly one hour to get here today. Bus service in this area is not so good.A: Well, will you like a cup of coffeeB: Thank you, that would be nice.A: Milk or sugarB: Black will do, thank you.A: So, how's business in your sectionB: Not too bad. We have a lot of work to do as far as our contract Georgeis concerned this time.A: Then i think you can say a few words about that first.注释1. in a mess: 乱成一团Example: Since 9 O' clock , Mr. Gill has been sorting out the shipping documents which are in a mess in the files. 从九点以来,吉尔小姐一直在整理文件夹里乱成一团的海运单据.2. commute: 乘通勤车上班Example: I commute to work from Shenyang to Fushun on weekdays.周一到周五我从沈阳到抚顺乘通勤车上班.bus commuter 乘通勤汽车上班的人 train commuter 乘通勤火车上班的人3. as far as sb./sth. be concerned: 就什么而言; 至于Example: As far as i am concerned, i agree with Jack on this point.就我而言,我同意杰克的观点.As far as color is concerned, Tom prefers black. 就颜色而言, 汤姆更喜欢黑色. Dialogue 3A: Will you have a cup of coffee, Mr. WangB: No. Don't bother, please.A: Of course, i don't know Smith at all, but you've got to be on your guard against George. I told you about our negotiating with him in New York three years ago, didn't IB: I am sure you did. Can we focus on the final packing today, Mr. Brown We mustn't get stuck in the price. They are going to knock us down. We have got some room to maneuver.A: That's right, George is the head of Marketing Department.B: What we must keep in mind is that we can make a concession if they push us onstaff cut.A: Oh we don't need to worry about that, Mr. Wang. We will just play it by ear.注释1. be on one's guard against sb./sth. 小心,防范Example: We must be onour guard against pickpockets on a bus.在公交车上我们要小心扒手.2. focus on sth. 集中精力于......之上Example: We should focus our attention on the demands at the overseas market.我们应该集中注意一下海外市场的需求3. knock sb. down 打倒,使屈服Example: They are attempting to knock us down in terms of price.他们试图让我们在价格方面让步.4. keep/bear sth. in mind 记住,牢记（英国都用remember)Example: Please keep in mind that you'll arrive punctually for the meeting tomorrow.请记住明天开会要准时.Bear in mind that you can always rely on me.要记住你永远可以依靠我.。
(完整版)商务英语情景对话100主题-真正完整版
Day today Office日常事务1 Faxes传真2 Telephone Calls电话3 Making Telephone Appointments电话预约4 Memos备忘录5 Business Correspondence商业信函6 Placing an Order下订单Office Talk办公室谈话7 Coworkers同事8 Bosses老板9 Brainstorming集体讨论10 Commuting乘公交车上下班11 The Working Lunch工作午餐Business Trip商务旅行12 International Business Travel国际商务旅行13 Dressing for Business商务着装14 Hotel Situations旅馆情景15 Negotiating the Subway乘地铁Client Reception接待客户16 Receiving Clients接待客户17 Entertaining Clients招待客户18 Accommodating Foreign Clients接待国外客户19 Factory Tours参观工厂Business Communization商务交流20 Personal Introductions个人介绍21 Small Talks聊天22 Delivering Bad News传达坏消息23 Polite Questions礼貌提问24 Farewells道别Negotiation谈判25 Clarifying the Stakes说明利害关系26 Making Concessions做出让步27 Discussing the Bottom Line讨论底线28 Accepting and Confirming接受和确认29 Hard Bargainers VS Soft Bargainers强硬的对手和温和的对手Company Organization公司结构30 CEO执行总裁31 Stockholders股东32 Board of Directors董事会33 Managerial Staff管理人员34 Labor Staff普通员工Meetings and Interviews会议和面谈35 Executing Meetings开会36 Performance Reviews业绩评估37 Agendas会议议程38 Making Requests提出要求Presentations业务陈述39 Preparation and Developing Your Topic准备和展话题40 Introductions and Beginnings介绍和开头41 Making Transitions in the Presentation陈述中的过渡42 Conclusions结论43 O&A （Question and Answer Period）提问阶段Data数据处理44 Trends趋势45 Systems制度46 Scheduling日程安排47 SWOT An山sis态势分析48 Statistical Reports数据统计报告Technology技术49 Email电子邮件50 Computer Technology计算机技术51 Running an Internet Business网上做生意52 Electronic Gadgets数码产品53 Web based Marketing网上营销Financial Topics财务话题54 Costing成本55 Budgets预算56 Auditing审计57 The Economy经济58 Fundraising集资Legal Topics法律话题59 Confidentiality机密60 Lawyers律师61 Contracts合同62 Copyright版权63 Patents专利64 Environmental Regulations环境条例Marketing Topics营销话题65 Marketing Surveys市场调查66 Target Audience目标消费者67 Print and Media Advertising印刷和媒体广告68 Promotional Events促销活动69 Developing the Market市场开发Sales Topics销售话题70 Selling Points卖点71 Trade Shows贸易展览72 Sales Reviews检查销售额73 Product Demonstrations产品演示74 Following up on Leads线索追踪75 Customer Service顾客服务International Topics国际话题76 Sourcing得到供货77 Export／Import出口／进口78 Exchange Rates汇率79 International Greeting Methods国际问候方式Big Business跨国公司80 Mergers合并81 Competition竞争82 Climbing the Corporate Ladder进入管理层83 Branch Offices分支机构84 Consulting咨询Employment Practices雇用惯例85 Fair Pay公平薪酬86 Recruiting Personnel人员招聘87 Retirement退休88 Partnership合作关系89 R&um6s简历90 Job Interviews求职面试Social and Equality Issues社会和平等话题91 Women in the Workforce职业女性92 Discrimination歧视93 Welfare福利94 Labor Unions工会95 Strikes and Demonstrations罢工和示威游行Continuing Education继续教育96 Management Training管理人员培训97 Seminars／Workshops研究会／研讨会98 Company Retreats公司培训99 Teambuilding团队建设100 MBA工商管理硕士1 Faxes传真 (6)2\Telephone Calls电话 (7)3. Making Telephone Appointments电话预约 (8)4 Memos备忘录 (9)5/Business Correspondence (10)6 Placing an Order下订单 (11)7 Co—Workers (12)8 Bosses (13)9 Brainstorming (14)10 Commuting (14)011 The working lunch (15)12 International Business Travel (16)13 Dressing for Business (17)14 Hotel Situations旅馆情景 (18)015 Negotiating the Subway (19)Client Reception接待客户 (20)16/Receiving clients (20)017 Entertaining Clients (21)18 Accommodating Foreign Clients接待国外客户 (22)019 Factory Tours (23)020 Personal Introductions (24)021 Small talk (24)022 Delivering Bad News (25)023 Polite Questions (26)024 Farewells (27)25 Clarifying the stakes (28)No. 26 making concession (29)27 Discussing the Bottom Line讨论底线 (30)28/Accepting and Confirming (30)29/ Hard bargainers VS. Soft bargainers (31)30 CEO (32)31 Stockholders股东 (33)32 Board of Directors董事会 (34)33 Managerial Staff管理人员 (35)34 Laborial Staff普通员工 (35)Meetings and Interviews会议和面谈 (36)35 Executing Meetings开会 (36)36 Performance Reviews业绩评估 (37)37 Agendas会议议程 (38)38 Making Requests提出要求 (39)Presentations业务陈述 (40)39 Preparations and Developing Your Topic (40)40 Introductions and Beginnings介绍和开头 (41)41 Making Transitions in the Boay of the Presenta陈述中的过渡 (42)42 Conclusions结论 (43)43 Q&A (Question and Answer Period）提问阶段 (43)Data数据处理 (44)44 Trends趋势 (44)45 Systems制度 (45)46 Scheduling日程安排 (46)47 SWOT analysis态势分析 (47)48 Statistical Reports数据统计报告 (48)Technology技术 (49)49 Email电子邮件 (49)50 Computer Technology计算机技术 (50)51 Running an Intemet Business网上做生意 (51)52Electronic Gadgets数码产品 (52)53 Web based Marketing网上营销 (52)Financial Topics财务话题 (53)54 Costing成本 (53)55 Budgets预算 (53)56 Auditing审计 (54)57 The Economy经济 (55)58 Fundraising集资 (56)Legal Topics法律话题 (57)59 Confidentiality机密 (57)60 Lawyers律师 (58)61 Contracts合同 (58)62 Copyright版权 (60)66--—-Target Audience目标消费者 (64)74 FoUowing up on Leads线索追踪 (71)76-——- Sourcing得到供货 (73)91 Women in the Worforce (86)92--—-—Discrimination 歧视 (86)93--——Welfare福利 (88)94—--Labor Unions工会 (90)96-—-Management Training管理人员培训 (92)97—-————Seminars/Workshops 研讨会 (94)98-——---—Company retreats (95)100/MBA (97)1 Faxes传真Dialogue oneM： Can you have the briefs from the Anderson firm's lawyer on my desk by tomorrow morning. There are quite a few very time sensitive matters with this case. I'm afraid I can't wait any longer.F： Getting those Anderson briefs has been harder than you can imagine。
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Answers for reference
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10.1 Before You Begin
1. How important is export packing?
The buyer has the right to expect that the goods reach him at the ultimate destination in a safe, maintainable, and presentable condition. If goods are found damaged or part missing on arrival, the seller will run the risk of losing a customer.
packing arrangements through cases and case analysis
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10.4 Words and Expressions
Please learn this section before you begin learning this Chapter.
8. What is the purpose of cargo marking in international transportation?
9. How do you understand “packing is a science unto itself”?
10. What are the benefits of good packing?
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10.1 Before You Begin
1. How important is export packing? 2. What is considered as appropriate export
packing? 3. Why should exporters and importers know
the “nature of the cargo” when discussing packing? 4. How is freight charged on export goods? 5. What do you know about “pallet sizes”?
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10.1 Before You Begin
English for Business Negotiation 商务英语谈判
Chapter 10 - Packing
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PART TWO INTERNATIONAL TRADE
CHAPTER 13 Complaints
and Adjustments
CHAPTER 12 Signing a Contract
CHAPTER 7 Inquiries and Offers
7 - 13
CHAPTER 8 Price
CHAPTER 9 Payment Terms
CHAPTER 11 Shipment
CHAPTER 10 Packing
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CHAPTER 10 Packing
Objectives Be aware of the regulations involved in packing
6. What are the definitions of and distinctions between primary, secondary, and tertiary packages?
7. What organizations and departments in China are responsible for the issuing, supervising and implementing of packing regulations?
in international trade Gain knowledge of the key elements about
packing Learn the basic expressions and terms used in
packing for international transportation Learn the skills and key points in negotiating
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7Hale Waihona Puke 10.1 Before You Begin
2. What is considered as appropriate export packing?
Three elements need to be taken into consideration in packing in the international context: security, weight, and size. The general plan in all packing is to make the goods secure for the journey they have to make, but to keep the package as small and light as possible. Proper packing protects the goods in transit, enables easy handling of goods, and facilitates delivery of goods at their final destination.
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10.1 Before You Begin
3. Why should exporters and importers know the “nature of the cargo” when discussing packing?
Knowing the nature or characteristics of the goods will help importers and importers know the cargo’s susceptibility to various loss or damage. Cargo shipped in bulk requires little or no packing, while general merchandise needs adequate packing. For example, apples can be consigned in cases, boxes, cartons or pallet boxes. Cement on the other hand may be shipped in containers or in bulk. Motor vehicles are usually shipped unpacked to reduce freight, with each vehicle being individually secured and stowed on a vehicular/car deck. Grain, ores and coal are all shipped in bulk.