2014~2017年宁波大学教师教育学院837英语教学论[专业硕士]考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
教育硕士入学考试教育综合真题宁波大学2014年
教育硕士入学考试教育综合真题宁波大学2014年一、名词解释(每小题5分，共30分)1. 教育和义务教育答案：教育是有目的地培养人的社会活动。
狭义的教育是指专门组织的教育，它不仅包括全日制的学校教育，还包括半日制的、业余的学校教育、函授教育、广播电视教育和网络教育。
其中学校教育的系统的核心就是义务教育。
义务教育是国家以法律形式予以规定，要求适龄儿童、青少年必须接受，国家、社会、学校和家庭必须予以保障的国民基础教育。
它保证了所有儿童有接受基础教育的实际可能性。
2. 学校教育制度答案：现代教育制度的核心部分是学校教育制度。
学校教育制度简称学制，指的是一个国家各级各类学校的系统及其管理规则，它规定着各级各类学校的性质、任务、入学条件、修业年限以及它们之间的关系。
3. 稷下学宫答案：稷下学宫是战国时代齐国的一所著名学府。
所谓“稷下”乃是指齐国都城临淄的稷门附近地区。
它是养士之风的产物，其创设出于“招致贤人”的目的。
它是一所由管家举办而私家主持的特殊形式的学校；一所集讲学、著述、育才活动为一体兼有咨议功能的高等学府。
4. 废科举答案：1898年维新中已出台设立经济特科，取消八股考试的措施。
但因变法失败而告终。
1901年拟行新政后，又重新确认了这两项改革措施。
1903年张之洞、袁世凯上书废科举，要求确立废科举的最后期限、具体步骤和时间表，并提出按岁递减，十年后停止科举的方案。
但时代对新学人才的期望已使部分官僚感到时不我待，时隔两年，袁世凯、张之洞等各省督抚会奏停科举以广学校。
迫于形势，光绪帝于1905年9月2日上谕，自丙午科为始，所有乡会试一律停止，各省岁科考试亦即停止。
这宣告了自隋代起实行了一千三百年之久的科举考试制度的终结。
5. 品德答案：品德是一定的道德规范在个人思想和行为中表现出来的较为稳定的特点和倾向，是道德认知、道德情感、道德行为等构成的综合体。
因而品德属于个人范畴。
6. 图式答案：皮亚杰的认知发展理论中把图式这一概念作为最基本的概念。
2011年宁波大学教师教育学院840英语教学论[专业硕士]考研真题【圣才出品】
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2011年宁波大学教师教育学院840英语教学论[专业硕士]考研真题
考试科目：英语教学论(A卷)
考码：840
专业名称：教育硕士学科教学(英语)
1.任务型教学、探究式学习和合作学习是《英语课程标准》教学要求下的三种教学方式，请你谈谈对任务型教学的理解。
（25分）
2.请你结合词汇教学理念，谈谈教师怎样才能帮助学生提高词汇学习。
（30分）
3.人们越来越意识到学习策略与学生学习有很大的关联性。
你认为影响学生学习的策略主要有哪些并提出一些有助于培养学生学习策略的活动。
（30分）
4.《英语课程标准》指出评价应采用形成性评价和总结性评价相结合的方式，论述在教学中应如何发挥其形成性评价和总结性评价的作用（25分〉
5.请你以下列内容写一份教学设计，中英文皆可。
新词汇包括：catching butterflies, picking up leaves,taking pictures,watching insects and doing experiment。
句型包括：What is he/she doing?，He/she is...要求体现任务型教学理念。
（选自Unit6A Field Trip Let’s learn PEP小学英语五年级下册）（40分）。
宁波大学2014年《834语文教学论》考研专业课真题试卷
宁波大学2014年攻读硕士学位研究生
入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)
考试科目: 语文教学论科目代码： 834 适用专业: 学科教学（语文）
一、结合语文课程与教学论以及自己的经验谈谈你对下列概念含义的理解。
（20分）
1.口语交际（5分）
2.语文综合性学习（5分）
3.备课（5分）
4.语文教学研究技能（5分）
二、论述语文教学过程的基本内涵并结合实际阐述如何建构合理的语文教学过程。
（30分）
三、论述语文教学情境创设的基本原则和主要方法。
（30分）
四、结合新课程改革的实际以及语文课程与教学论的基本原理论述语文课程评价的内容及方法。
（20分）
五、阅读下列材料，请完成文后问题。
（50分）
地球是一只泪眼
地球是漂在水里吗
为什么每一块大陆的周围
全都是汪洋大海？
哦——地球满腹忧烦
她睁圆了望不断天涯的
泪眼
何时能哭干，这么多
苦涩的
海水？
问题1. 对《地球是一只泪眼》这一文本从内容和形式两个方面进行细读，写出个性化的教材解读观点与赏析。
（20分）
问题2.请为该课文设计体现诗意语文教学思想的教学方案。
（30分）
第1 页，共 1 页。
2017年宁波大学考研教育硕士(Ed.M)教育综合真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2017年宁波大学考研教育硕士（Ed.M）教育综合真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 名词解释题 2. 简答题 3. 论述题1．“白板说”正确答案：洛克反对天赋观念论，他认为，人出生时心灵像白纸或白板一样，只是通过经验的途径，心灵中才有了观念，因此，经验是观念的唯一来源。
白板说是一种典型的“外铄论”，强调了环境对人的影响，否定了遗传的作用。
2．《爱弥儿》正确答案：《爱弥儿》是18世纪法国教育家卢梭写的一部作品。
在这本书中，卢梭提出了自然教育理论，奠定了其在教育史上显赫地位。
自然教育理论的核心是“归于自然”，即教育必须遵循自然，顺应人的自然本性。
3．教育正确答案：广义的教育指的是，凡是有目的地增进人的知识技能，影响人的思想品德，增强人的体质的活动，不论是有组织的或是无组织的，系统的或是零碎的，都是教育。
狭义的教育主要指学校教育，即根据一定的社会和阶级的要求，有目的，有计划，有组织地对受教育者身心施加影响，把他们培养成一定阶级或社会所需要的人的活动，是人类社会发展到一定阶段的产物。
4．教育目的正确答案：教育目的即指教育要达到的预期结果，反映对教育在人的培养规格标准、努力方向和社会倾向性等方面的要求。
狭义的教育目的特指一定社会(国家或地区)为所属各级各类教育人才培养所确立的总体要求；广义的教育目的是指对教育活动具有指向作用的目的领域，含有不同层次预期实现的目标系列。
它不仅标志着一定社会(国家或地区)对教育培养人的要求，也标示着教育活动的方向和目标，是教育活动的出发点和归宿。
5．程序性知识正确答案：程序性知识是关于怎样完成某项活动的知识，是关于“怎样做”的知识，是个体的用于具体情境的算法或一套行为步骤。
它相当于技能。
程序性知识(认知策略、智慧技能、运动技能)包括一般领域的程序性知识(弱方法)和特殊领域的程序性知识(强方法)，前者适用于许多不同的领域，后者适用于某一特殊的领域。
在特殊领域的程序性知识中又分为自动化技能和特殊策略知识。
全国名校英语教学论历年考研真题汇编
目 录第一部分 首都师范大学876英语学科教学历年考研真题2013年首都师范大学876英语学科教学考研真题2012年首都师范大学876英语学科教学考研真题2011年首都师范大学876英语学科教学考研真题第二部分 北京师范大学440英语教学理论与实践历年考研真题2004年北京师范大学440英语教学理论与实践考研真题2003年北京师范大学440英语教学理论与实践考研真题第三部分 宁波大学837英语教学论历年考研真题2013年宁波大学837英语教学论考研真题2011年宁波大学840英语教学论考研真题2010年宁波大学840英语教学论考研真题第四部分 南京师范大学F092英语教学论历年考研真题2011年南京师范大学F092英语教学论考研真题2004年南京师范大学英语教学论考研真题2003年南京师范大学英语教学论基础知识考研真题2002年南京师范大学445英语教学论考研真题第五部分 杭州师范大学823英语语言学和英语教学论历年考研真题2011年杭州师范大学823英语语言学和英语教学论考研真题2010年杭州师范大学825英语语言学和英语教学理论考研真题2009年杭州师范大学823英语语言学和英语教学理论考研真题2008年杭州师范大学825英语语言学和英语教学理论考研真题2007年杭州师范大学426英语语言学和英语教学理论考研真题第一部分 首都师范大学876英语学科教学历年考研真题2013年首都师范大学876英语学科教学考研真题第二部分 北京师范大学440英语教学理论与实践历年考研真题2004年北京师范大学440英语教学理论与实践考研真题2003年北京师范大学440英语教学理论与实践考研真题第三部分 宁波大学837英语教学论历年考研真题2013年宁波大学837英语教学论考研真题2011年宁波大学840英语教学论考研真题2010年宁波大学840英语教学论考研真题第四部分 南京师范大学F092英语教学论历年考研真题2011年南京师范大学F092英语教学论考研真题2004年南京师范大学英语教学论考研真题2003年南京师范大学英语教学论基础知识考研真题2002年南京师范大学445英语教学论考研真题第五部分 杭州师范大学823英语语言学和英语教学论历年考研真题2011年杭州师范大学823英语语言学和英语教学论考研真题2010年杭州师范大学825英语语言学和英语教学理论考研真题2009年杭州师范大学823英语语言学和英语教学理论考研真题2008年杭州师范大学825英语语言学和英语教学理论考研真题2007年杭州师范大学426英语语言学和英语教学理论考研真题。
宁波大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2014年
宁波大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2014年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Ⅰ. Translate the following two passages into English:(总题数：2，分数：75.00)1.如果说“义”代表一种伦理的人生态度，“利”代表一种功利的人生态度，那么，我所说的“情”便代表一种审美的人生态度。
它主张率性而行，适情而止，每个人都保持自己的真性情。
你不是你所信奉的教义，也不是你所占有的物品，你之为你仅在于你的真实“自我”。
生命的意义不在奉献或占有，而在创造，创造就是人的真性情的积极展开，是人在实现其本质力量时所获得的情感上的满足。
创造不同于奉献，奉献只是完成外在的责任，创造却是实现真实的“自我”。
至于创造和占有，其差别更是一目了然，譬如写作，占有注重的是作品所带来的名利地位，创造注重的只是创作本身的快乐。
有真性情的人，与人相处唯求情感的沟通，与物相触独钟情趣的品味。
更为可贵的是，在世人匆忙逐利又为利所逐的时代，他接人待物有一种闲适之情。
我不是指中国士大夫式的闲情逸致，也不是指小农式的知足保守，而是指一种不为利驱、不为物役的淡泊的生活情怀。
仍以写作为例，我想不通，一个人何必要著作等身呢?倘想流芳千古，一首不朽的小诗足矣。
倘无此奢求，则只要活得自在即可，写作也不过是这活得自在的一种方式罢了。
（分数：40.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：If to be righteousness is said to be an ethical way of life and to seek interests is an utilitarian one, to keep your temperament, in my opinion, is an aesthetic way of life. It advocates doing everything at will and everyone should maintain his natural temperament. You are neither dependent on the doctrine nor the possession, but on your true self. The meaning of life lies neither in contribution nor possession but creation. To create is to develop actively your true temperament and give you a feeling of satisfaction after your inner power is released. Different from contribution which is made to shoulder responsibility, creation intends to help you fulfill your true self. And creation is distinct from possession. Take writing as an example, to write to possess is to get the fame and status while to write to create is to get the pleasure of writing itself. The person who has natural temperament would like to seek emotional communication when dealing with others, with a focus on the taste of appeal when possession is concerned. More importantly, when others are chasing interests, he can feel leisurely comfortable towards the outer world. I don"t mean the insouciance of those intellectuals and officials in the feudal China or the innate conservatism of the peasant, but a sentiment of being free of material. As for writing again, I do not understand why a writer should be prolific? A short poet is enough for you to be well-known for eternity. If you don"t care about that, you can just take writing as a way of getting leisure. [解析]如果说“义”代表一种伦理的人生态度，“利”代表一种功利的人生态度，那么。
宁波大学考研真题833教育管理2016年-2017年
入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:教育管理科目代码：833适用专业:教育管理一、选择题：（2分×10＝20分）1、一般认为，教育管理学产生于______世纪初。
A17B18C19D202、我国历史上的稷下学宫创办于战国时期，从办学体制看，它属于______性质。
A官方出资、官方主持B官方出资、私家主持C私家出资、官方主持D私家出资、私家主持3、我国的学制更接近于______。
A双轨学制B单轨学制C分支学制D混合学制4、我国教育法从______年开始实施。
A1949B1978C1986D19955、在教育政策制定过程中，______模式又叫政治协商模式，是指决策者在制定政策时，广泛听取各政党、团体及不同职业的人的意见，在充分讨论、对话和协商的基础上，协调各方利益关系，最终达成具有妥协谅解色彩的决定。
A理性模式B渐进模式C团队模式D综合模式6、对科层制研究作出突出贡献的学者是______。
A马克思B韦伯C泰罗D梅奥7、你认为学校在学生在校期间是学生的监护人吗？A是B不是C对中小学生是D对10周岁以下完全无民事行为能力人是8、教师评价时应妥善处理好三对基本关系，以下不属于这三对关系的是______。
A静态与动态的关系B显性与隐性的关系C定量与定性的关系D结果与过程的关系9、______年我国颁布实施了《民办教育促进法》，对我国民办教育发展具有重要意义。
A1978B1986C1995D200210、《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要（2010—2020）》颁布于________年。
A2008B2009C2010D2012二、简答题：（10分×6＝60分）1、教育经费的主要来源包括哪些方面？入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:教育管理科目代码：833适用专业:教育管理入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:教育管理科目代码：833适用专业:教育管理宁波大学2017年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码:833科目名称：教育管理适用专业:教育管理一、简答：每题15分，共90分1、教育管理活动与其他管理活动相比，其独特性表现在哪些方面？2、现代校长的基本角色包括哪些？3、德育管理包括哪些内容？4、什么是教育的非营利性？为什么业务段教育不允许举办营利性学校？5、马斯洛的需求层次理论将人的需求分为哪几个层次？6、怎样理解学校中的非正式组织？二、论述：每题30分，共60分1、请就20世纪以来管理理论的某一种（一类）进行解释和评价。
2010年宁波大学教师教育学院840英语教学论[专业硕士]考研真题【圣才出品】
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2010年宁波大学教师教育学院840英语教学论[专业硕士]考研真题考试科目：英语教学论(A卷)考码：840专业名称：教育硕士学科教学(英语)1.学习是顺应当前教育理念而提出的教学方式。
谈谈你对合作学习的理解。
(20分)2.《语课程标准》明确提出要注重形成性评价对学生发展的作用。
你认为在具体教学中应如何实施形成性评价。
(20分)3.谈谈如何运用任务型教学的相关原理，在一堂以相互介绍为主题的口语教学中开展任务型教学。
(30分)4.据学生中心原则为初二学生设计一个阅读活动。
阅读内容(选自《英语》(新目标)(初二下Unit9)(30分)Have you ever been to Singapore?Have you ever been to Singapore?For many Chinese tourists,this small island in Southeast Asia is a wonderful place to take a holiday.On the one hand,more than three quarters of the population are Chinese,so you can simply speak Putonghua a lot of time.On the other hand,Singapore is an English-speakingcountry,so it’s also a good place to practice your English.Have you ever tried Chinese food outside of China?Maybe you fear that you won’t be able to find anything to eat in a foreign country.In Singapore,however, you’ll find a lot of food from China,you won’t have any problem finding rice, noodles,or dumplings.If you’re feeling brave,Singapore is an excellent place to try new food.Whether you like Indian food,western food,or Japanese food,you’ll find it all in Singapore!Most large cities have zoos,but have you ever been to a zoo at night? Singapore has a night zoo called the“Night Safari”.It might seem strange to go to a zoo when it’s dark.But if you’ve ever been to a zoo during the daytime,you might understand why this zoo is so special.A lot of animals only wake up at night, so this is the best time to watch them.If you go to see lions,tigers,or foxes during the daytime,they’ll probably be asleep!At the Night Safari,you can watch these animals in a more natural environment than a normal zoo.One great thing about Singapore is that the temperature is almost the same all year round.This is because the island is so close to the equator.So you can choose to go whenever you like spring,summer,autumn,or winter!And,of course,it’s not too far from China!5.请你为以下图片进行一课时的教学设计(选自《英语》(新目标)(初二上Unit1))，中英文皆可(50分)。
2014年宁波大学考研真题357英语翻译基础
考试科目: 英语翻译基础科目代码：357 适用专业: 英语笔译I. Translate the following two passages into English (75 points):1. 如果说“义”代表一种伦理的人生态度，“利”代表一种功利的人生态度，那么，我所说的“情”便代表一种审美的人生态度。
它主张率性而行，适情而止，每个人都保持自己的真性情。
你不是你所信奉的教义，也不是你所占有的物品，你之为你仅在于你的真实“自我”。
生命的意义不在奉献或占有，而在创造，创造就是人的真性情的积极展开，是人在实现其本质力量时所获得的情感上的满足。
创造不同于奉献，奉献只是完成外在的责任，创造却是实现真实的“自我”。
至于创造和占有，其差别更是一目了然，譬如写作，占有注重的是作品所带来的名利地位，创造注重的只是创作本身的快乐。
有真性情的人，与人相处唯求情感的沟通，与物相触独钟情趣的品味。
更为可贵的是，在世人匆忙逐利又为利所逐的时代，他接人待物有一种闲适之情。
我不是指中国士大夫式的闲情逸致，也不是指小农式的知足保守，而是指一种不为利驱、不为物役的淡泊的生活情怀。
仍以写作为例，我想不通，一个人何必要著作等身呢？倘想流芳千古，一首不朽的小诗足矣。
倘无此奢求，则只要活得自在即可，写作也不过是这活得自在的一种方式罢了。
（40%）2. 在“我”和“我们”之间，是以“他人”作为连接点的。
“我”因“他人”而成为“我”；“我们”因“他人”而成为“我们”。
当“我们”过度地强化、放大“我”，而舍弃“他人”的时候，“我”便处于四面受敌的孤立无援之中。
在我们的传统习性中，“他人”这一概念，更多的情况下，只是一种被供奉的虚设牌位。
我们的成语中曾有“以邻为壑”一词，可以佐证；有“只扫自家门前雪，哪管他人瓦上霜”的谚语，可以证言。
即便在集体主义理想教育最为鼎盛之时，“他人”不仅未能成为国人的自觉意识，“他人”反而意味着告密、背叛、异己、危险、离间等等。
2017年宁波大学_837英语教学论_考研专业课真题／研究生入学考试试题
宁波大学2017年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码:837科目名称：英语教学论适用专业:学科教学(英语)1.Please use the example(s)of the present English class to illustrate the advantages anddisadvantages of Communicative Language Teaching.(30points)2.How can the Whole Language method be applied in English teaching in China?Please come upwith some examples to illustrate its application.(30points)3.What are the core qualities of English teachers?How will you improve them in your futurestudy?(30points)4.Please use examples to illustrate the principles and procedures of task-based language teaching andlearning.(20points)5.根据以下内容进行40分钟的课堂教学设计，要求教材分析、教学目标、教学重难点、教学过程及板书设计等环节完整，中英文撰写均可。
(40points)（两篇任选其一）(1)《英语（上海牛津版）》七年级第二学期Unit5What can we learn from others?Speaking.Mr.Hu is asking his students what they can learn from their classmates.We are going to vote for model students.Who do you think is a model students?What can we learn from him or her?Kitty is a model student.Although Maths is difficult for Kitty,she never give it up.Peter is a model student.Although Peter is busy,he always helps his classmates.Jill is a model student.Although Jill lives far away from school,she is never late for class.(2)PEP小学英语五年级上册第五单元Part A Let's talkSara:Your room is really nice!Zhang Peng:Thanks.Mike:There is a big bed.Zhang Peng:Yes.I like my bed.Mike:There is a nice photo,too.Sarah:Wow!You look cool!Zhang Peng:Thank you.Hey,my computer is here on the desk.Let's play!第1页共1页。
宁波大学基础英语考研真题试题2009 、2010、2012、2016年—2019年
考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第2页共8页12.Piquette must have been seventeen then,although she looked about twenty.I stared at her,astounded that anyone could have changed so much.A.overwhelmed B.greatly surprised C.worried D.frightened13.Hitler’s blood lust and the hateful appetites have impelled him on his Russian adventure.A.ambition B.stomach C.belly D.intestines14.Burne-Wilke’s cabin had the dark,warm,comfortable look of a library den.“I say,Henry,what is your position on shipboard drinking?I have a fair bottle of cherry here.”A.much-contented B.just C.nice D.beautiful15.No one would anticipate that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in history.A.evolve B.run C.develop D.roll16.Mr.President,I second the proposal!(A silence;Hancock swats a fly.)A.succeed B.propose C.support D.stand17.The house detective’s gaze moved on to sweep the spacious,well-appointed room.A.clean B.mop C.clear D.examine18.They rise out of the earth,they sweat and starve for a few years,and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.A.work hard B.feel hot C.fall ill D.feel hungry19.Sitting in her chair,she clasped her hands in order to conceal their trembling.A.pretend B.uncover C.prevent D.disguise20.I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.A.imposed B.described C.inscribed D.subscribedSection B.Lexical interpretation.There are ten words or phrases underlined in the following sentences.You are required to use other English words or phrases to explain them with the meanings that best suit those sentences (1×10points).For example:Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.Answer:great eloquence1.Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards,taut and protesting.2.I went back to my room with a heavy heart.I had gravely underestimated the size of my task.3.Here you can find beautiful pots and bowls engraved with delicate and intricate traditional designs,or the simple,everyday kitchenware used in this country.考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第3页共8页4.Barring the catastrophe of nuclear war,it will continue to shape both modern culture and the consciousness of those who inhabit that culture.5.The Nazi regime excels all forms of human wickedness in the efficiency of its cruelty and ferocious aggression.6.It was familiar ground;boy and man,I had been through it often before.But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation.7.This is a war in which the whole nation is engaged without distinction of race,creed,or party.8.Ever-increasing production,the drive to make bigger and better things,have become aims in themselves,new ideals.Work has become alienated from the working person.9.I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.10.What they had wanted was an America more sensitive to art and culture,less avid for material gain.II.Cloze (20points)Directions:There are twenty blanks in the following passage.You are required to fill the words or phrases in them that best complete the passage to make a smooth and logical reading semantically,syntactically and textually.The words that you use to fill in the blanks can be any that you think are suitable and able to make the passage smooth in meaning and grammar.Radical feminists,however,remained hostile to the temptations of consumer capitalism.Drawing inspiration from the civil rights slogan “The Personal is Political,”movement activists (1)_______as Casey Hayden and Mary King began (2)_______organize women against the male domination (3)_______SNCC (Students for a Democratic Society),and (4)_______groups.Despite the radical community’s support (5)_______equal rights,they asserted,New Left men reflected the establishment culture by assigning women office duties (6)_______other minor tasks.Feminists also complained (7)_______the male-oriented sexual revolution degraded women (8)_______treating them (9)_______playthings and objects (10)_______conquests.While their male colleagues greeted their efforts with ridicule and open hostility,New Left women introduced “rap”sessions to share (11)_______complaints and address gender identity issues.(12)_______1968,200(13)_______feminists organized (14)_______first women’s liberation demonstration.Calling themselves the Women’s International Terrorist Conspiracy from Hell (WITCH),activists projected (15)_______“sexism”and capitalism’s “objectification”of women’s bodies.They picketed the Miss America Pageant and threw “instruments of torture”such as brassieres考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第4页共8页and high-heeled (16)_______into a “freedom trash can.”Feminists focused (17)_______women’s control of their (18)_______bodies with an agenda (19)_______included the right to legal abortions,distribution of birth control literature,and passage of tougher laws (20)_______rape and spousal abuse.III.Error Detection and Correction (20points)Directions:There are twenty-one errors in the following passage.You may detect and correct either twenty of them or more than that.When you get more than twenty correct answers,your scores will not surpass twenty.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.As a human beings,you have maintained across time a core sense of self,thanks in good part as memory.Nevertheless,the I that is you is daily modified by what you experience,by what you were learning and coming to know.Five year ago,you were not the same person you are today;ten years hence,you will not precisely the person you now are.As you are age,you steadily accumulate knowledge,some of it formally,some of it informally.Considering some of the things you know in present—about history,about people,about work,about etiquette,about science,about style.Then think about what you garnered that knowledge.Chances is that some of it you acquired formally in school:what you to know about the contribution of Ancient Greece of modern democracy,your understanding of photosynthesis or Euclidean geometry,you ability to differentiate satire from irony.Some things you may have learn through a combination of formally instruction,observation and practice:how to work successful in a group,how to wait on customers efficiently and courteously,how to apply brakes skillfully in traffics,how to cut food with a knife,what clothes to wear to the prom.And some knowledges you probable acquired almost exclusively from extended experience:what acquaintances to trust and not to trust,what writers and musicians appeal or do not appeal to you,what aptitudes your possess or lack for particular fields of study.(1)_______________(2)_______________(3)_______________(4)_______________(5)_______________(6)_______________(7)_______________(8)_______________(9)_______________(10)______________(11)______________(12)______________(13)______________(14)______________(15)______________(16)______________(17)______________(18)______________(19)______________(20)______________(21)______________考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第5页共8页IV.Sentence Paraphrase (10points)Directions:There are five long or difficult sentences underlined in the following passage.You are required to paraphrase them in your own words according to the context.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(1)Britain’s merchant navy seldom grabs the headlines these days;it is almost a forgotten industry.Yet shipping is the essential lifeline for the nation’s economy.Ninety-nine per cent of our trade in and out of the country goes by ship—and over half of it in British ships.(2)Shipping is also a significant British success story.It earns over £1000million a year in foreign exchange earnings:without our merchant fleet,the balance of payments would be permanently in deficit,despite North Sea oil.But,today this vital British industry is more in peril than ever before.(3)On almost all the major sea routes of the world,the British fleet risks being elbowed out by stiff foreign competition.The threat comes from two main directions:from the Russians and the Eastern bloc countries (4)who are now in the middle of a massive expansion of their merchant navies,and carving their way into the international shipping trade by severely undercutting Western shipping companies;and from the merchant fleets of the developing nations,(5)who are bent on taking over the lion’s share of the trade between Europe and Africa,Asia and the Far East—routes in which Britain has a big stake.V.Reading Comprehension (30points)Directions:There are three sections in this item with a passage in each section.Section A requires you to read a passage and provide a brief answer to each of the given questions.Section B requires you to read and judge whether the relevant statements are true or false.Section C requires you to read and then write a summary of it.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A.Read the following passage and provide a brief answer to the questions after the passage (2.5×4points).If someone says to you ‘Our car has broken down’,your reaction may simply be to feel sorry.For the linguist,though,even such a simple utterance calls for quite an elaborate explanation.As far as the meaning and the grammar of the sentence are concerned,a traditional description would try to paraphrase the meanings of the words used;it would analyze the clause pattern (here a simple combination of subject and verb or predicate),and would probably go on to discuss the use of the present perfect tense.Modern linguists have on the whole not been satisfied with the traditional explanation of grammatical structures and word meanings.Indeed much work in modern linguistics has been devoted to constructing rules that would produce our initial sentence,but would exclude sentences like We car has考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第6页共8页broken down or Our car has jumped up as not well-formed.The ultimate goal of this endeavor has been to establish a body of logical rules for generating the sentences of a language that are grammatically correct and semantically acceptable.For the individual words a set of ‘objective’semantic features has been proposed which would guarantee that the words are inserted appropriately into the grammatical structure.Thus the meaning of car would be described with the semantic features ‘inanimate’,‘concrete’,‘movable’and ‘self-propelled’.Assuming that the logical rules and objective semantic features which generate language are stored in our memory,it seems only natural to claim that they are of a mental nature.This approach is therefore also ‘cognitive’in the original sense of the word (i.e.‘related to knowledge’).However,it is not the kind of ‘cognitive linguistics’that our topic is about.To distinguish this approach from what we have in mind when we talk about ‘cognitive linguistics’,we will characterize it as the logical view in cognitive linguistics.As we understand the term,cognitive linguistics is today chiefly represented by the experiential view.Its main claim is that instead of postulating logical rules and objective definitions on the basis of theoretical considerations and introspection,a more practical and empirical path should be pursued.For example,one can ask language users to describe what is going on in their minds when they produce and understand words and sentences.As experiments have shown,people will not only state that a car has a box-like shape,that it has wheels,doors,and windows,that it is driven by an engine and equipped with a steering wheel,an accelerator and brakes,and that it has seats for the driver and the passengers.More likely than not,it will also be mentioned that a car is comfortable and fast,that it offers mobility,independence and perhaps social status.Some people may connect the notion of car with their first love affair,or with injury if they were once involved in an accident.1.What would a traditional linguist do with ‘Our car has broken down’?2.What would a modern linguist do with ‘Our car has broken down’?3.How is the logical view related to ‘cognitive linguistics’?4.What is the claim of the experiential view?Section B.Read the following passage and decide whether the statements after it are true or false (2.5×4points).It is strange and disturbing to watch the straight (i.e.,mainstream)community’s angry,sometimes violent reaction to the hippies.There are many reasons for this.The principal one is appearance.The hippies dress strangely.They dress this way because they have thrown a lot of middle-class notions out of the window and with them the most sensitive middle-class dogma:the neutral appearance.The straight world is a jungle of taboos,fears,and personality games.People in that jungle prey on each other mercilessly.Therefore,to survive in any jungle requires good protective coloring:the camouflage of respectable appearance.The anonymity of middle-class dress is like a flag of truce.It means (whether true or not):“I’m not one of the predators.”It is in the nature of an assurance of harmlessness.Unusual or bright-colored clothing then becomes an alarm,a danger signal to the fearful and their armed truce with the rest of mankind.They see it as a challenge.They are fearful,unsure of themselves,and fear sours into anger.It is but a step to thinking that the anger is “good.”The oldest fallacy in the world is that anything that makes you angry must be mad.考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第7页共8页The sin of the hippies is that they will not play the straight game of camouflage.Their non-participation,in effect,exposes them as another tribe,whose disregard of straight taboos of dress makes them seem to be capable of anything,and therefore a danger.That danger moreover is felt clear up to city hall,that shrine of Squaredom.Why else,I submit,does the Health Department of this city have such a tender solitude about the living conditions of human beings at the Haight when they have ignored the conditions at Hunter’s Point,the Mission and the Fillmore?Many people cannot understand the hippies’rejection of everything that is commonly expected of the individual in regard to employment and life goals:steady lucrative employment,and the accumulation through the years of possessions and money,building (always building)security for the future.It is precisely this security hypochondria,this checking of bank book rather than pulses,this worrying over budgets instead of medicine cabinets,that drive the youth of today away.It is this frantic concern with money that also drives the young into the Haight-Ashbury.They have seen their parents slave for years,wasting away a lifetime to make sure that the house was paid off,that the kids got through school in order to get “good”jobs so that they could join the frantic scramble,later on.The parents’reward for this struggle is that they wind up old and tired,alienated from their children,and just as often each parent from the other.1.The hippies dress strangely because they have defied the dressing values of the middle class.()2.For middle class,to survive in the straight world is to protect themselves by the camouflage of respectable appearance.()3.The hippies belong to another tribe of people because they have a different custom of dresses.()4.The hippies understand their parents struggling their way all their lives and sympathize them.()Section C.Read the following passage and then write a summary of it within 100words (1×10points).The vast majority of books on the English language take British English as their starting point.There are many reasons for this:British English is the old variety,and traditionally British English has enjoyed more prestige,at least in Europe and in former English colonies,than American English.Until not so long ago,American English was considered less educated,less cultured,less beautiful than British English.Teachers in many European countries were not allowed to have an American accent,and high-school students who returned from a year in the United States were sometimes punished with low grades by conservative teachers.This attitude seems mostly to have disappeared even if there are still traces of it.Another reason for the predominance of British English is simply one of publishing traditions:Britain has a long tradition of producing textbooks and dictionaries and of marketing them all over the world,whereas there have been relatively few American textbooks or dictionaries written for audiences worldwide.The result is a curious situation:The majority of the world’s native speakers of English are Americans,about 240million people.They make up the majority of the 400million native speakers,compared with about 57million speakers in Britain.They speak English with American pronunciation,vocabulary,and grammar.Much more American than British English is heard in films and on television,and more American English is used in international business,computing,and science.宁波大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学Yet the textbooks for non-native speakers that are used in schools in many countries are still mostly oriented toward British English,sometimes presenting American English as an aberration,often just in the form of a collection of words to learn.There are some useful books on American English,mostly designed for college or university use,that deal with vocabulary,spelling and pronunciation,but they usually give very little information concerning grammar or practical language use in the United States. Nor do they make any attempts to explain why there are differences between the two major varieties.SummaryVI.Writing(50points)Directions:Now in universities or colleges,some BA students want to work and earn money after graduation while other BA students plan to continue their education as MA students.The chief reasons for those BA students who intend to further their study can be either that it is hard to find a good job as BA students or that they love study and make greater contribution for their country.That is,the former read for MA just to get a higher degree so as to find a better job;the latter read for MA just to give a full expression to their academic ability and do research work.What is your purpose to read for MA?Or what kind of BA students do you belong to when you are taking this MA entrance exam?In the following topic of writing,please clarify your purpose to read for MA and give your reasons.You are suggested to make your argument in three major paragraphs with introduction,argumentation and conclusion in about400words.Remember to write your essay on the Answer Sheet.My Purpose to Read for MA科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学I.Vocabulary(30points)This part consists of two sections.Section ADirections:Choose one of the four alternatives which is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase and mark the corresponding letter.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(1×20points).1.He avowed his commitment to those ideals.A.acknowledgedB.convertedC.conformedD.renounced2.The political dissident was accused of instigating a plot to overthrow the government.A.devisingB.supportingC.fundingD.provoking3.I wish you two would stop bickering.plaining B quarreling C.bargaining D murmuring4.The defendant is facing severe verdict despite the appeal for clemency by his lawyer.A.forgivingB.releaseC.leniencyD.impartiality5.The little boy listened,enthralled by the Captain’s story.A.fascinatedB.swindledC.shockedD.bored6.I was impressed by his expertise on landing craft.A.encouragementB.special skillC.shrewdnessD.eloquence7.Your action is a breach of our university regulations.A.observationB.violationC.creationD.attack8.Subsequent events vindicated his policy.A.predicateB.swingC.dilateD.verify9.Drug smuggling carries a mandatory death penalty in most countries in the world.A.impulsiveB.multicoloredC.obligatoryughable10.Morality,for him,was doing what is expedient.A.undesirableB.unavailable C advantageous D.inappropriate11.“The giant was big”is a tautological statement,to say the least.A.tightB.redundantC.illogicalD.relative科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学III.Error Detection and Correction(20points)Directions:There are twenty errors in the following passage.You should detect and correct all the errors.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Marxist Criticism is a criticism based on the historical,economic,and sociology1 theory of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.According to Marxism,the conscious2of a given class in a given historical moment derives modes of material production.3The set of beliefs,values,attitudes,and ideas that constitute the consciousness of this4 class forms a ideological superstructure,and this ideological superstructure is5 shaped and determined by the material infrastructure and economic base.Hence the6 term"historic materialism."Marxism assumes the ontological priority of matter7 above mind and sees mind as the product of historical forces.There is thus a dialectical8 relationship between the literature work and its socio-historical background.9 Dialectical criticism focuses on the causal connections of the content or form10of the work and the economic,class,social,or ideological factors that shape and11 determines that content and form.Bourgeois writers,for example,inevitably propagate a12 bourgeois ideology that seeks to universalizing the status quo,to see it as natural rather13 than historical.The notion that there is a one-to-one correspondence to the class14 consciousness of the writer,the ideology of the work,and the society-historical15 background out of which it emerges is often labeled vulgarly Marxism,even by16 Marxists themselves.Sophisticated Marxism,however,like Fredric Jameson17 points out,is concerned with"the influence of the given social raw material,not only18on the content,but on the very form of the work themselves....[The dialectical19 interaction of work and background],this fact of sheer interrelationship,is prior of20any of the conceptual categories,such as causality,reflection,or analogy,subsequently evoked to explain it."科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学IV.Reading Comprehension(30points)Directions:There are three sections in this item with a passage in each section. Section A requires you to read a passage and provide a brief answer to each of the given questions.Section B requires you to read and judge whether the relevant statements are true or false.Section C requires you to read and then write a summary of it.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A.(10points)By the mid-century there emerged a trend in writing that favored a new approach to constructing the novel that abandoned many of the time-honored traditions of form.Indeed,there has been debate about whether many of the works of the times should rightly be considered novels at all.Although not all writers of the period pursued experimental methods,two of them,William Burroughs and Henry Miller,served as exemplary figures.William Burroughs published journals depicting his travels through South America and North Africa.He was heavily influenced by his encounter with foreign languages and associations with strange customs.The impact of his experiences on his writing led to a uniquely detached style.Often it is difficult to determine who is telling the stories,or where the characters have come from.In his most celebrated work Naked Lunch,Burroughs is said to have physically cut up the manuscript and pasted it back together,to further disturb the conventional notion of narration.Although these writing techniques did not boost initial sales of his works,American academia accepts him as an important practitioner of literary theory.Henry Miller wrote about his personal life in a depth that previous authors had avoided.In order to better expose compulsive desires,he used very graphic language to describe the details of his intimate relationships.His books Tropic of Capricorn and Tropic of Cancer were banned in some states when they were first published.Although there are disagreements about Miller's moral positions,he is acknowledged as an important contributor to mid-twentieth century American fiction.1.What is the main topic of this passage?2.What did the passage preceding this one probably discuss?3.What can we assume about Burroughs'earlier works?4.What is the most difficult aspect of reading the book Naked Lunch?5.What can we infer about the works of the two men?科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学Decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F).1.According to this passage,Shakespeare’s sonnets might have contained a continuity of love story.2.The speaker of Shakespeare’s sonnets is perfectly happy with both the young noble man and the“dark lady”,according to the passage.3.Shakespeare’s sonnets were dedicated to a“W.H.”,who must be Henry Wriothesley,the Earl ofSouthampton.4.It could be inferred from the passage that most life stories about Shakespeare are conjectures.5.Shakespeare wrote153sonnets,all of which have the feel of autobiographical poems.Section C(10points)Read the following passage and write a summary of it within200words.Knowing that Mrs.Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble,great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband's death.It was her sister Josephine who told her,in broken sentences;veiled hints that revealed in half concealing.Her husband's friend Richards was there,too,near her.It was he who had been in the newspaper office when intelligence of the railroad disaster was received,with Brently Mallard's name leading the list of"killed."He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram, and had hastened to forestall any less careful,less tender friend in bearing the sad message.She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same,with a paralyzed inability to accept its significance.She wept at once,with sudden,wild abandonment,in her sister's arms.When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone.She would have no one follow her.There stood,facing the open window,a comfortable,roomy armchair.Into this she sank,pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life.The delicious breath of rain was in the air.In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her faintly,and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves.There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled one above the other in the west facing her window.She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair,quite motionless,except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her,as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学She was young,with a fair,calm face,whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes,whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky.It was not a glance of reflection,but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it,fearfully.What was it?She did not know;it was too subtle and elusive to name.But she felt it,creeping out of the sky,reaching toward her through the sounds,the scents,the color that filled the air.Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously.She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her,and she was striving to beat it back with her will--as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips.She said it over and over under the breath:"free,free,free!"The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes.They stayed keen and bright.Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.She did not stop to ask if it were or were not a monstrous joy that held her.A clear and exalted perception enabled her to dismiss the suggestion as trivial.She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind,tender hands folded in death;the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead.But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely.And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.There would be no one to live for during those coming years;she would live for herself.There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.A kind intention or a cruel intention made the act seem no less a crime as she looked upon it in that brief moment of illumination.And yet she had loved him--sometimes.Often she had not.What did it matter!What could love,the unsolved mystery,count for in the face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!"Free!Body and soul free!"she kept whispering.Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole,imploring for admission."Louise,open the door!I beg;open the door--you will make yourself ill.What are you doing, Louise?For heaven's sake open the door."。
2014-2015年宁波大学考研初试真题837英语教学论
入学考试试题(B卷) （答案必须写在答题纸上）考试科目:英语教学论科目代码：837 适用专业: 学科教学（英语）1.In 1963, Edward Anthony proposed three hierarchical levels of language teaching methodology,approach, method and technique. Later on, Richards modified his model into approach, design and procedure. Please analyze the two models of language teaching methodology in three levels. Which one do you prefer? Give your accounts. (Written in English only)(30%)2.Task-based language teaching and total physical response are often used as language teachingmethods, but some linguists claim they are different in terms of approach, method and technique.Please show your ideas on TBLT and TPR: are t hey all methods, all approaches or…? ( Written in English only)(30%)3.According to Finocchiaro and Brumfit, please list at least 8 major features of communicativelanguage teaching. (Written in English only)(20%)4.如何理解广义任务派和狭义任务派。
宁波大学2017年《839心理学基础知识(普通心理学、发展心理学)》考研专业课真题试卷
宁波大学2017年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码:839科目名称：心理学基础知识（普通心理学、发展心理学）适用专业:心理健康教育一、名词解释（每小题5分，共30分）1、人本主义心理学2、内隐记忆3、再造想象4、视觉悬崖实验5、最近发展区6、生命全程发展观二、简答题（每小题8分，共40分）1、简述创造性思维及其特征。
2、简述马斯洛需要层次理论。
3、简述心理学中双生子研究的推论逻辑。
4、幼儿面前放有两个同样大的橡皮泥球，当面将其中一个压扁，幼儿会认为这两团橡皮泥不一样大了。
试以发展心理学原理分析解释这一现象。
5、简述埃里克森的心理社会发展阶段理论。
三、综合题（每小题20分，共80分）1、玲玲正骑马在山间漫步，突然，她的马由于前方急速横过的一只兔子而跳了起来。
请用五种情绪理论分析玲玲的可能反应。
2、弗洛伊德(1924)指出：“心理生活究竟是和意识有同等范围，还是超越意识局限之外，这样的争辩显然很费口舌。
但是我可以向你保证，接受潜意识的心理历程，表示朝向世界及科学领域的新展望迈出了决定性的一步。
”“精神分析的目标和成就莫过于精神生活中潜意识的发现。
”请根据上述资料，结合人格心理的内容，阐述弗洛伊德关于人格结构的基本思想。
3、试比较皮亚杰与维果斯基关于心理发展的基本理论观点，并结合儿童发展与教育的实践进行论述。
4、皮亚杰说“青年期的情感方面和社会方面的冲动，虽然往往为人们所描述，但是他们总是没有理解到这些冲动是由思维形式的变化所决定的”。
试述前青年期（11、12岁～14、15岁，也叫少年期）的思维形式发生了哪些变化？它对心理发展，特别是情感和社会性发展有什么影响？第1页共1页。
2019年宁波大学硕士研究生招生考试初试科目837考试大纲
2019年宁波大学硕士研究生招生考试初试科目837考试大纲科目代码、名称:837英语教学论一、考试形式与试卷结构（一）试卷满分值及考试时间本试卷满分为150分，考试时间为180分钟。
（二）答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试。
试卷由试题和答题纸组成；答案必须写在答题纸（由考点提供）相应的位置上。
（三）试卷内容结构考试内容主要包括英语教学方法史、英语教学原则、学习动机、年龄与教学的关系、英语课程与教材分析、策略为本的教学、聚焦形式和意义的教学、四大技能教学、英语写作等。
（四）试卷题型结构1.简答题2.论述题3.案例分析题4.英语教学设计二、考查目标课程考试的目的在于测试考生对于英语教学基本理论、英语课程与教材的理解和把握，对现行中小学英语教学的设计能力以及英语书面表达的能力。
三、考查范围或考试内容概要第一章英语教学方法史第一节Approach,method,technique第二节语法翻译法、系列法、听说法、认知法第三节基于设计的方法第四节后方法教学第二章英语教学原则第一节认知原则第二节社会情感原则第三节语言学原则第三章英语学习动机第一节如何理解动机第二节内在动机第三节外在动机第四章不同年龄水平的教学第一节语言能力第二节年龄对学习者的影响第三节语言关键期假说第五章英语课程设计与教材改编第一节课程开发的原则第二节课程开发的内容与程序第三节教材编写第四节教材改编方法第六章英语教学大纲第一节大纲的含义第二节英语教学大纲的发展第三节英语教学大纲与教材的关系第七章教学设计第一节教学设计的类型第二节任务型教学设计实例分析第八章课堂教学互动与小组合作学习第一节互动的含义与原则第二节互动的类型与分析第三节小组合作学习第九章策略为本的教学与形式教学第一节什么是好的语言学习者第二节什么是好的教学第三节语法教学第十章听说读写教学第一节听力教学第二节阅读教学第三节对话教学第四节写作教学参考教材或主要参考书：1.H.Douglas Brown.根据原理教学:交互式语言教学(第3版),清华大学出版社，20132.Jack C.Richards,Theodore S.Rodgers(2001).Approach and Methods in Language Teaching（语言教学的流派）.Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press(外研社), Cambridge University Press.3.人教版或牛津版中小学英语教材最后，感谢凯程叶儿老师对本文的贡献。
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2014年宁波大学教师教育学院837英语教学论[专业硕士]考研真题及详解考试科目：英语教学论(B卷)科目代码：837适用专业：学科教学(英语)1.In1963,Edward Anthony proposed three hierarchical levels of language teaching methodology,approach,method and ter on,Richards modified his model into approach,design and procedure.Please analyze the two models of language teaching methodology in three levels.Which one do you prefer?Give your accounts.(Written in English only)(30%)【答案】(1)Edward Anthony put forward a model in which the three concepts aredistinguished.An approach is a set of correlative assumptions dealing with the nature of language teaching and learning,for example,the communicative approach.A method is an overall plan for the orderly presentation of language material,like the direct method,grammar-translation method.A technique is implementational and it actually takes place in a classroom.It is a particular trick, stratagem,or contrivance used to accomplish an immediate objective,such as group work,question and answer,dictation.From approach to technique,it is a process from theoretical to practical.The arrangement is hierarchical,that is, techniques must be consistent with a method,and therefore in harmony with anapproach as well.(2)Richards explains clearly the relationship between“approach”and“method”.Approach refers to theories about the nature of language and language learning which serve as the source of practices and principles in language teaching.A method is theoretically related to an approach,is organizationally determined by a design(the level in which objectives and syllabus are determined,and in which the roles of teachers,learners,and instructional materials are specified.), and is practically realized in procedure(implementation phase).(3)In my opinion,these two models are basically the same in the essence but Iprefer the distinction made by Anthony.Because as far as I’m concerned,his model is much more clear and detailed so that we can clearly distinguish these three concepts.【解析】首先分别阐述二者对这三个概念的区别，最后结合自己的观点给出自己的态度以及评价即可。
2.Task-based language teaching and total physical response are often used aslanguage teaching methods,but some linguists claim they are different in terms of approach,method and technique.Please show your ideas on TBLT and TPR: are they all methods,all approaches or...?(Written in English only)(30%)【答案】(1)Generally speaking,these two are both teaching methods,that is,they are all anoverall plan for the orderly presentation of language material,just like thedirect method,grammar-translation method.But they are different from each other in terms of approach and technique.(2)Task-based language teaching emphasizes on“task-oriented,student-centered”language teaching practice asked to show the life of the actual needs of the English language to simulate a variety of life contexts, emotional,and to provide students with comprehensive use of English language, for communication of opportunities,its focus is not only a language in the form, grammatical accuracy,more emphasis on the Appropriateness of language use, feasibility,communication skills,as well as training students in communicative activities in the strain and problem-solving ability.Task-based Language Teaching is a further development of Communicative Language Teaching.It shares the same beliefs in the use of language in real life,but stresses the importance to combine form-focused teaching with communication-focused teaching.(3)Total physical response method attempts to teach language through speechand physical activity at the same time.Motor activities are means to language learning.It is just like the way children acquire their native language.Learners’role in TPR is to listen and perform what the teacher says,they monitor and evaluate their own progress.They are encouraged to speak when they feel ready to speak.This is when a sufficient basis in language has been internalized.Teacher is the model and the director.The teacher provides opportunities for learning.When TPR is integrated into routines,the learners will immediatelybecome involved in the language and engaged in reacting to it.They will soon realize that they understand a lot of things and will build confidence as they learn.The teacher takes on the role of the parent;giving prompts,setting patterns,playing games,and the student then responds physically to the prompt.In giving feedback the teacher responds positively to the correct answer, much in the way that a parent would.This reinforces the learning and encourages further steps.Although TPR is a powerful technique,it is most effective when it is followed by games,songs,stories or demonstrations.【解析】首先表明个人观点，将上述两种方法视为教学法，然后分别分析各自的特点与理论基础。