语言学导论作业答案

语言学导论作业答案

第一次作业答案

Which of the following is not a design feature of human language?

D：Meaningfulness

If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be ______.

C：descriptive

The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure.

错误

Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.

正确

Modern linguistics regards the written language as _____.

C：secondary

A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time.

错误

Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive.

错误

Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _____ and meanings.

B：sounds

Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.

B：True

_____ is the study of meaning in language.

D:Semantics

The branch of linguistic study called _____ is concerned with how speakers use the sentences of a language to achieve effective and successful communication.

B:pragmatics

When language is used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas, it serves a _____ function.

D:phatic

By _____, we mean language can refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker.

C:displacement

Language serves the ________ function when it is used to express the speaker's feeling or attitude or to arouse a certain feeling or attitude in the hearer.

C:emotive

Foreign language learners' errors may be caused by ________.

D:all the above three

Which one of the following statements does not account for the primacy of speech over writing in linguistic analysis? _______

B:Speech is more complex than writing.

A ______ is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an affix can be added.

C:stem

_____ studies the changes in language and language use with respect to social factors.

A:Sociolinguistics

_____ are produced when the nasal passage is opened by lowering the soft palate ant the back of the throat and the air is allowed to pass through it.

C:Nasals

Of the following sounds, ______ is a rounded vowel.

B: [u:]

Which of the following statements is FALSE:

A : Language is just for communication.

There are ______ morphemes in the word "policemen".

B:three

The syllabic structure of the word "children" is ______.

A:CVCCVC

第二次作业答案

Some languages are inferior, or superior, to other languages.

正确答案：错误

For the vast majority of children, language development occurs spontaneously and requires little conscious instruction on the part of adults.

正确答案：正确

Observations of children in different language areas of the world reveal that the developmental stages are similar, possibly universal, whatever the nature of the input.

正确答案：正确

Language use varies from one speech community to another, from one regional group to another, from one social group to another, and even from one individual to another.

正确答案：正确

A person’s social backgrounds do not exert a shaping influence on his choice of linguistic features.

正确答案：错误

Two speakers of the same language or dialect use their language or dialect in the same way.

正确答案：错误

The standard language is a better language than nonstandard languages.