虚拟语气2
德语虚拟语气第二虚拟式总结
德语虚拟语气第二虚拟式总结公司内部编号：（GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-第二虚拟式的常见句型主动式I - 非现实条件句基本句型：A- 过去时Wenn ich Zeit haette, ginge ich mit ihr ins Kino.Ich ginge mit ihr ins Kino, wenn ich Zeit haette.Haette ich Zeit, ginge ich mit ihr ins Kino.我若有时间，就和她去看电影。
(事实上我没时间。
)B- 过去完成时Wenn ich gestern Zeit gehabt haette, waere ich mit ihr ins Kino gegangen.Ich waere mit ihr ins Kino gegangen, wenn ich gestern Zeit gehabt haette.Haette ich gestern Zeit gehabt, waere ich mit ihr ins Kino gegangen. 我昨天要是有时间的话，就跟她去看电影了。
以下动词习惯于直接用动词虚拟式形式，而不利用下面要说的条件式句型：waere, haette, kaeme, gaebe, wuesste, taete, faende 等例如：Ich waere auch gern Lehrer.我希望我也是个老师。
(可我不是。
)陈述句型和对应的虚拟式句型：陈述式的句子结构第二虚拟式虚拟式的句子结构主动式--------------------------------------------------过去时过去完成时Ich war nicht fleissig.Ich bin nicht fleissig gewesen. Ich waere fleissig gewesen, wenn...Ich war nicht fleissig gewesen.Ich hatte kein Interesse.Ich habe kein Interesse gehabt. Ich haette mehr Interesse gehabt, wenn...Ich hatte kein Interesse gehabt.Ich wollte nicht lernen.Ich habe nicht lernen wollen. Ich haette besser lernen wollen, wenn...Ich hatte nicht lernen wollen.非现实条件句中主句和从句的时态关系：主句时态：从句时态所表示的时间1)第二虚拟式过去时第二虚拟式过去时现在和将来或第一条件式或第一条件式Ich kaeme gerne, wenn ich Zeit haette.Ich wuerde gerne kommen, wenn ich Zeit haette.假如我有时间，我原因去。
德语虚拟语气第二虚拟式总结
德语虚拟语气第二虚拟式总结一、表达假设和条件的情况：1.客观条件假设：如果句子的条件部分与现实相符，虚拟语气使用第一虚拟式；如果条件部分与现实相反，虚拟语气使用第二虚拟式。
例如：-如果我有时间，我就去你家。
- Wenn ich Zeit hätte, würde ich zu dir kommen.2.主观条件假设：当句子表达的条件是与说话人主观判断有关的情况时，虚拟语气使用第二虚拟式。
例如：-如果我是你，我就不买那件衣服。
- Wenn ich du wäre, würde ich das Kleid nicht kaufen.二、表达愿望和建议的情况：1.表达愿望：使用"ich hoffe", "ich wünsche mir", "ich hätte gern"等表达愿望的动词，后跟虚拟语气的第二虚拟式。
例如：-我希望我能和你一起去旅行。
- Ich hoffe, dass ich mit dir verreisen könnte.2.表达建议：使用"ich würde vorschlagen"、"es wäre besser"等表达建议的句型时，后跟虚拟语气的第二虚拟式。
例如：-我建议你明天早点来。
- Ich würde vorschlagen, dass du morgen früher kommst.三、其他用法：1. 与"dürfen"连用，表示礼貌的建议或请求。
例如：- Du dürftest besser das Fenster schließen.-你最好关上窗户。
2. 表达抱怨或愤怒的情绪，通常通过"es ist schade"或"es ist unzufrieden"等表达方式。
虚拟语气 (2)
与将来事实相反 虚拟条件句 主句
should/would/ did should do could/might were to do +do
表示与将来事实相反，条件状 语从句中的谓语动词一般过去 时或should(were to) + 动词 原形，而主句中的谓语动词则 用would / should/ could might + 动词原形。
Eg: If you___hard at school, you___ a college student now and would get a good job in the future.
A.had studied; would have been B.would have been; could be
I wish it would rain tomorrow.
（2）在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示 与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主 观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。
1）表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用 过去式或过去进行式（be动词一般用 were）。 I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year around. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。 I wish I knew the answer to the question.
Had they had time, they would have come and helped us.
If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
Were it to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
Day 10(虚拟语气2)
Subjunctive mood
2. If you hadn’t gone with Tom to the party last night, ___.
A.
B.
C.
D.
you would meet John already you won’t have missed John you will have met John you would have met John.
Subjunctive mood
3. Supposing this ship ___, do you think there would be enough life jackets for all passengers?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Was sinking Has sunk Were to sink e not were it not will make
Subjunctive mood
5. The teacher suggested that each student ___ a plan for the vacation.
A.
B. C. D.
made make makes will make
Subjunctive mood
4. The insect would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and heads, if ___ for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.
A. B. C. D.
观察与对比
If you had come earlier yesterday, you would have seen him then. If you had come earlier yesterday, you would not be criticized by the manager this morning.
虚拟语气2
他坚决要求我到场。(insist)
国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。(order)
他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。(request)
我们建议Tom 去休息一下。
We suggested that
Tom （should）have a rest.
他坚决要求我到场。
He insisted that I (should ) be present.
B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required…. that从句中用(should )+动词原型 It is demanded that we should work out a plan.
C. 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that…..句型中从 句也常用(should )+动词原型 It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.
I would rather you paid me now.
I would rather you had gone, too. Don’t come today. I would rather you came tomorrow.
4. as if /though + 从句
现在： 过去时 过去： 过去完成时
2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。 insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc. We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. They insisted that the boy (should) go with them. 注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。
高中英语-虚拟语气(二)
the conference wouldn't have been so
successful.
A. haven’t made B. wouldn’t make
C. didn’t make
D. hadn’t made
【解析】句意：如果不是我们做好了充分的准
备，会议不可能这么成功。这是条件句中的虚
拟语气，主句谓语用的是wouldn't have been，
宾语从句中的动词用should + v, 或should省略
•The doctor ordered she should be operated.
我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚持要我与他同行。 他们要求派Tom去那儿工作。 老师要求作业要及时完成。
We suggested _(_th__a_t)_T__o_m__h_a_v_e_a__r_es_t. He insisted _(t_h_a_t_)_I_(_s_h_o_u_ld__)_g_o__w_i_th__h_i_m_ . They requested (that) Tom _(_s_h_o_u_l_d_)_b_e_s_e_n_t_t_o_w__o_r_k_t_h_e_r_e_______ .
3. would rather引导的宾语从句中的虚拟 语气
sb did … 与现在或将来
情况相反
would rather
宁愿，但愿
sb had done … 与过去情况相反
I would rather you returned me my money now. I would rather you came tomorrow. I would rather we hadn’t told her the bad news.
德语虚拟语气讲解(第二虚拟式)
知识点一:德语语法中最容易迷惑人的大概就是虚拟式了.为了帮助大家更好的理解虚拟语气，我们讲分成两部分讲解虚拟式。
虚拟式分为第一虚拟式和第二虚拟式。
由于平常第二虚拟式用得较频繁，且常用第二虚拟式代替第一虚拟式，我们先来谈一谈第二虚拟式到底是何方神圣?到底要怎么用?一，虚拟式构成形式及与一般式对比对比直陈式：如大家所见，第二虚拟式只有两个时态：现在时,过去式.直陈式过去时有三种时态，而第二虚拟式只有一种.二，时态•现在时:①弱变化动词弱变化动词的第二虚拟式形式上比较容易掌握的,与直陈式过去时相似：②强变化动词动词变化基本形式是动词过去时词根加上一下词尾：③如:④强变化动词词干元音为 a, o, u 时，须变为 ä，ö，ü：⑤助动词haben, sein， werden 第二虚拟式⑥⑦情态动词第二虚拟式⑧特例：一些强变化动词和混合变化动词在构成第二虚拟式时元音和直陈式过去时元音不一样,如：但是这种形式现在用的比较少，常使用Würden+不定式。
⑨特例:混合动词 senden 和 wenden 在第二虚拟式中一般用弱变化形式，如：⑩•过去时：第二虚拟式过去时结构如下:助动词haben/sein第二虚拟式形式+过去分词需要注意的是：•所有表示过去的直陈式形式改为虚拟式时，都用这种形式。
•sein第二人称形式du wär e st 中间的e可以省略,即du wärst.三，被动态四，第二虚拟式的代替形式 würde + 不定式•口语中，大部分动词的第二虚拟式由würden+不定式的形式来代替，如Ich würde dich gern einladen。
•haben和sein的第二虚拟式形式很少用würde 形式来代替，情态动词几乎不用该形式代替。
•但是，要避免住从句中都用würden形式。
Wenn ich dort eine Arbeit finden würde, würde ich an der See bleiben。
虚拟语气二
It’s 你该走了。 high time that you went. It’s high time that you should go. 我们该去睡觉了 It’s time that we went to bed. 。 It’s time that we should go to bed.
• 8.(2003上海春季高考题 上海春季高考题)Look at the trouble 上海春季高考题 I am in! If only I ________ your advice. • A.followed B.would follow • C.had followed D.should follow • 9.She insisted that she ________ ill of him behind him，but he didn’t believe it. ， ’ • A.hadn’t spoken B.shouldn’t ’ ’ speak • C.wouldn’t speak D.not speak ’
虚拟语气
3. Simon looks as though he never ___ a square meal(吃得饱 though his 吃得饱), 吃得饱 parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get 4. He is talking so much about America as if he ___ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been 5. I ___ you some money, but I hadn’t got any then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent
高中英语真题-虚拟语气(二)
虚拟语气（二）上期我们学习了非真实条件句中虚拟语气的运用，本期我们将重点讲解虚拟语气在其它句式中的运用。
1. 虚拟语气用于宾语从句◆wish后的宾语从句从句谓语可用一般过去式（be动词多用were）表示与现在事实相反的假设；用“had +过去分词”表示与过去事实相反的假设；用“would +动词原形”表示一种希望。
如：I wish I were a bit taller.I wish I had more time.I wish you hadn’t told me all this.I wish you would stay a little longer.◆w ould rather后的宾语从句从句谓语多用相当于过去式的形式，表示现在或将来的情况。
如：—Do you mind if I smoke here?—I’d rather you didn’t.Nancy would rather came to see her tomorrow.◆在command, demand, desire, insist, order, request, require, sug gest, urge等表示要求、坚持、命令、建议、愿望等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should +动词原形”，should可以省略。
如：They demanded that the report (should) be made public. Barbara insisted that I (should) stay and fight.注意：①当suggest表示“暗示，说明”，insist表示“坚持认为，坚持说”时，从句谓语不用虚拟语气，而用正常的陈述语气。
如：All the evidence suggests that he stole the money.She kept insisting that she was innocent.②suggestion, order, request, insistence等名词后的that从句中，谓语也用虚拟语气，即：“should +动词原形”，should可以省略。
7第七讲：虚拟语气(2),动词不定式(1)
第七讲：虚拟语气（2），动词不定式（1）一．新概念课文中的经典例句：If you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner. (NCEII,40)There was a danger that if she travelled too quickly, this rudder would be torn away as well.(NCEIII,25)Without it, nothing could be brought to a conclusion; everything would be in a state of chaos. (NCEIII,60)二．语法规则与真题（例题）讲解：1.考察虚拟语气在if条件从句中的用法在if 引导的虚拟条件句中，若表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语用―动词过去式（be 的过去式用were ）,主句谓语用―would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词‖；若表示与将来事实相反，从句谓语用―动词过去式（were to +动词原形，should+动词原形）‖，主句谓语用―would(should, could, might)+动词原形‖。
若把从句中were, should 或had移到句首，可省略从句的连词if 并使用倒装语序.2.考查通过上下文或介词短语表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气的用法在英语中，有时假设的条件不是通过if 条件句表达出来，而是通过上下文或without, but for 等介词构成的短语表达，其谓形式要根据所假设的时间，与if 从句所表达的时间对应，确定主句谓语形式。
3.考查虚拟语气在as if 引导的方式状语或表语从句中的用法As if 引导的方式状语或表语从句，谓语动词用―一般过去式‖表示与现在事实相反；用―would(might, could)+动词原形‖表示与将来事实相反。
虚拟语气2
虚拟语气（2）一、名词性从句中的虚拟语气1.一“坚持” (insist) ,二“命令” (order, command) ,四“建议” (advise, suggest, propose, recommend) , + (that) sb (should) do ...五“要求” (ask, demand, require, request, desire)(that) sb / sth (should) be done【翻译】我们建议Tom 去休息一下。
他坚持要我与他同行。
他们要求派Tom去那儿工作。
老师要求作业要及时完成。
2. 这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用（should ）do1）It is suggested that we (should) practise reading English everyday.2）The suggestion given by our teacher is that we (should) practise reading English everyday.3）The teacher give us a suggestion that we (should) practise reading English everyday.【熟记下列句型】*It is ordered / commanded / suggested / advised / requested / required / demanded …that …(should) do *The / One’s insistence / order / command / suggestion / advice / proposal / recommendation / request / requirement / demand / desire is / was that …(should) do*a / the suggestion / request (等) that … (should) do…3. wish 的宾语从句与现在事实相反: 一般过去时( be 用were )Wish 与过去事实相反: 过去完成时与将来事实相反: would/could +V.原(不用should)二、虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式:1. would ratherI would rather you returned me my money now.I would rather you came tomorrow.I would rather we hadn’t told her the bad news yesterday.与现在事实相反: 一般过去时( be 用were )Would rather 与过去事实相反: 过去完成时与将来事实相反: 一般过去时2. as if / as though1). 从句的动作与主句动作同时发生(可以理解成与现在事实相反)He behaves as if he______(own) the house.He behaves as if he ______ (be) the owner of the house.2). 从句的动作发生在主句动作之前(可以理解成与过去事实相反)She talked about Rome as though she __________ (be) there herself.3). 从句的动作发生在主句动作之后(可以理解成与将来事实相反)He coughed (咳嗽) twice as if someone would come. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。
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虚拟语气
1．虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
e.g. He would be alive today if the doctor had come sooner last night.
If it were not for… / If it had not been for… = but for
3) 特殊结构的条件句but for
without (with no)
e.g. If it were not for his, help, I could never go to college.
e.g. But for air and water, nothing could live.
e.g. Without electricity, there would be no modern industry.
4) 条件句的省略
a.省if，用倒装，限于谓动为were, had, should
e.g. Were I you, is shouldn’t so it like that.
Had you not helped me, I should have failed. 如果没有你的帮助我就失败了。
b.省主句的虚拟结构（表愿望）
e.g. If only I could help you! 如果我能帮助你就好了。
If only I had more money! 要是我有更多的钱就好了。
If only you had not told him what I said! 要是你没有把我的话告诉他就好了。
2. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用
1）It is + adj. + that …+ (should) v.: 表愿望，要求，建议等
necessary, important, essential, imperative, natural, impossible, strange, vital, obligatory, resolved, desirable, advisable, preferable, urgent, etc.
e.g. It is strange that she (should) have left with the light still on.
2) It is + p.p. + that…+ (should) v.: 表愿望，要求，建议等
suggested, required, demanded, urged, ordered, desired, advised requested, urged,
proposed, recommended, etc.
e.g. it is suggested that the automobile be oiled every day.
3) It is (high / about) time + (that)…+ 一般过去式（be →were）
e.g. It is high time that we were off to London.
3. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
1) suggest, require, order, demand, propose, advise, insist, maintain, recommend, urge, prefer,
request, command, desire, ask, object, direct, pray, propose等后的宾从宾从谓动(should) v.
2) wish后的宾从
a. 表无能为力的过去愿望
sb. wish + (that)…+ had ved. / could (would, might) have ved.
b. 表现在愿望虽然实现的可能性不大，但仍有实现的可能。
sb. wish + (that)…+一般过去式（be →were）
c. 表将来愿望
sb. wish + (that)…+ could (would, might) v.
3) would sooner, would/had rather, would/had as soon等后的宾从, 表示与事实相反的虚拟
语气。
a. 表现在和将来：were 型
b. 表过去：had been 型
e.g. I’d rather he weren’t so rude. 我但愿他不那么粗鲁。
I would rather you came next weekend. 我希望你下周来。
She would rather that you had not arrived last night. 她宁愿你昨天没有到达。
4．虚拟语气在表语从句同位语从句中的应用
在idea, proposal, suggestion, order, requirement, desire, decision, advice, plan, motion等后的表语从句同位语从句从句谓动(should) v.
5. 虚拟语气在lest引导的从句中的应用从句谓动(should) v.
e.g. He locked up all his documents lest they be stolen. 他把他所有文件都锁起来，以防被窃。
表示与过去事实相反→had been型6. 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导从句中的应用: 表示与现在事实相反→were型
表示猜测，假定，联想，比较表示与将来事实相反→would be型e.g. He talked as though he had been there at that time.他谈起话来，好像他当时在场。
e.g. You talk as if I were under an obligation.照你这么说，我好像受过他的恩惠。
e.g. He looks as if he would cry.他看上去好像要哭了。