虚拟语气2

虚拟语气

1．虚拟语气在条件句中的应用

e.g. He would be alive today if the doctor had come sooner last night.

If it were not for… / If it had not been for… = but for

3) 特殊结构的条件句but for

without (with no)

e.g. If it were not for his, help, I could never go to college.

e.g. But for air and water, nothing could live.

e.g. Without electricity, there would be no modern industry.

4) 条件句的省略

a.省if，用倒装，限于谓动为were, had, should

e.g. Were I you, is shouldn’t so it like that.

Had you not helped me, I should have failed. 如果没有你的帮助我就失败了。

b.省主句的虚拟结构（表愿望）

e.g. If only I could help you! 如果我能帮助你就好了。

If only I had more money! 要是我有更多的钱就好了。

If only you had not told him what I said! 要是你没有把我的话告诉他就好了。

2. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用

1）It is + adj. + that …+ (should) v.: 表愿望，要求，建议等

necessary, important, essential, imperative, natural, impossible, strange, vital, obligatory, resolved, desirable, advisable, preferable, urgent, etc.

e.g. It is strange that she (should) have left with the light still on.

2) It is + p.p. + that…+ (should) v.: 表愿望，要求，建议等

suggested, required, demanded, urged, ordered, desired, advised requested, urged,

proposed, recommended, etc.

e.g. it is suggested that the automobile be oiled every day.

3) It is (high / about) time + (that)…+ 一般过去式（be →were）

e.g. It is high time that we were off to London.

3. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用

1) suggest, require, order, demand, propose, advise, insist, maintain, recommend, urge, prefer,

request, command, desire, ask, object, direct, pray, propose等后的宾从宾从谓动(should) v.

2) wish后的宾从

a. 表无能为力的过去愿望

sb. wish + (that)…+ had ved. / could (would, might) have ved.

b. 表现在愿望虽然实现的可能性不大，但仍有实现的可能。

sb. wish + (that)…+一般过去式（be →were）

c. 表将来愿望

sb. wish + (that)…+ could (would, might) v.

3) would sooner, would/had rather, would/had as soon等后的宾从, 表示与事实相反的虚拟

语气。

a. 表现在和将来：were 型

b. 表过去：had been 型

e.g. I’d rather he weren’t so rude. 我但愿他不那么粗鲁。

I would rather you came next weekend. 我希望你下周来。

She would rather that you had not arrived last night. 她宁愿你昨天没有到达。4．虚拟语气在表语从句同位语从句中的应用

在idea, proposal, suggestion, order, requirement, desire, decision, advice, plan, motion等后的表语从句同位语从句从句谓动(should) v.

5. 虚拟语气在lest引导的从句中的应用从句谓动(should) v.

e.g. He locked up all his documents lest they be stolen. 他把他所有文件都锁起来，以防被窃。

表示与过去事实相反→had been型6. 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导从句中的应用: 表示与现在事实相反→were型

表示猜测，假定，联想，比较表示与将来事实相反→would be型e.g. He talked as though he had been there at that time.他谈起话来，好像他当时在场。

e.g. You talk as if I were under an obligation.照你这么说，我好像受过他的恩惠。

e.g. He looks as if he would cry.他看上去好像要哭了。