人物传记近三年高考真题
(完整版)高考人物传记阅读及答案
高考语文实用类文本阅读----人物传记练习一二、吉林省五校高考高端命题研究协作体2016届第一次摸底考试语文试题阅读下面的文字，完成（1）～（4）题。
（25分）纳什：无常命运中的美丽心灵对于很多人来说，数学家可能是遥不可及的存在。
他们醉心于那个由各种抽象符号组成的世界，而似乎离现实很远很远。
《美丽心灵》以诺贝尔经济学奖获奖者约翰·纳什的经历为素材，讲述了一位患上精神分裂症的数学天才，在爱与理智的帮助下，逐渐痊愈的感人故事。
但电影毕竟是艺术抽象，它偏重于纳什博士与精神分裂症抗争的过程。
那么，他属于数学家的一面，又是如何呢？“这人是个天才。
”这就是纳什的硕士导师给他写的推荐信，只有一句话的推荐信。
约翰·纳什的确是个天才。
中学时代，他就开始在附近的大学旁听高等数学的课程了。
尔后，他得到了卡耐基技术学院的奖学金，攻读数学。
仅仅用了三年时间，他就完成了硕士学位。
哈佛大学与普林斯顿大学都向他伸出了橄榄枝。
普林斯顿提供的奖学金比较多，纳什认为这表明普林斯顿更看重他的才能。
“士为知己者死“，纳什选择了普林斯顿。
刚进入普林斯顿的纳什，不像电影描述的那个腼腆的天才。
相反，他属于骄傲好胜的类型。
他不爱上课不爱看书，相对于跟随前人的步伐，他更喜欢自己在数学的世界探索。
吹着巴赫曲子的口哨，他可以独自做上一整夜数学，不知疲倦。
但普林斯顿并不是只有他一位数学天才。
这些天才凑在一起，总爱分个高下，而像国际象棋和围棋之类的智力对抗游戏恐怕最对他们的胃口了，不像电影中描述的那样，纳什其实算得上下棋高手。
实际上，纳什当时研究的博弈论，正是一门以各种博弈为研究对象的应用数学分支。
当纳什在1950年发表对非合作博弈的研究时，博弈学界眼前为之一亮。
以此为题材，纳什完成了他的博士论文。
可是，此时纳什的研究兴趣早已转向更纯粹的数学领域。
甚至在他完成博士论文之前，他已经开始对代数几何——一个高度抽象的数学领域——产生了兴趣，并作出了一些开拓性的研究。
2011-2019上海近十年高考语文文言文一人物传记真题汇编
2019年普通高等院校招生考试上海卷（四）阅读下文，完成第15—20题。
（19分）项经传公讳经，字诚之，号怡庵，襄毅公长子。
成化丁未成进士，明年，授南京福建道御史，奉命简阅内库。
内库向为豪贵人掌，公既至，循故实，稽录羨余，无敢冒利者。
比又视南城，南城肃然。
为御史者七年，倔强有父风。
升太平府知府。
至则叹曰：“嗟乎！太平，建康南屏也，实国家股肱郡，然民贫矣，不宽不可。
”于是身抚循之，流亡来归者万计。
移治临江。
临江与袁、筠诸郡接壤也，土寇剽逸，出没其间，民无休居。
公至，悯然曰：“夫临江与太平异也，寇勿击，民勿宁。
”乃立捕诸豪贼百八十人置之法，一郡大治。
逾年，临江饥，有司方请赈，公曰：“民饥甚矣，必请而赈，是坐以待毙也；赈而勿请，罪在太守。
宁以一身活数万人。
”于是发府库金五千有奇，建和籴之法，民赖以存治。
而监司督赋方急，公入争曰：“化理以民命为重，民惫矣，以杖驱之，是束羊加石而沉之渊，直速死耳。
民尽死，赋从何出？”继而岁大稔，民感德报称，赋入为诸郡先。
时中官刘瑾用事，权擅天下，天下吏多赂瑾者。
其有司以上赂各有等，公勿赂，瑾怒。
或以告公。
公曰：“人各有志，彼乌怒？即怒，吾命耳。
”卒弗赂也。
居无何瑾诛诸赂者皆败台谏荐公抗直可大用。
公曰：“吾乃今可休矣。
”遂具疏请老，以江西右参政致仕。
（节选自《槜李往哲列传》）【注】羡余：赋税的盈余。
15.写出下列加点词在句中的意思。
（2分）（1）循故实（2）比又视南城16.为下列句中加点词选择释义正确的一项。
（2分）（1）稽录羡余（）A.登记B.仔细C.核查D.延迟（2）无敢冒利者（）A.侵犯B.贪占C.冒充D.盗窃17.把第段画线句译成现代汉语。
（5分）民饥甚矣，必请而赈，是坐以待毙也；赈而勿请，罪在太守。
宁以一身活数万人。
18.用“/”为第段画线部分断句。
（3分）19.第段分别写项经治理太平府和临江府，采用了不同的策略，请分析其原因。
（3分）20.第段写到“监司督赋方急”，项经与他论理，很有说服力，请加以分析。
直击2023高考英语(乙卷) 阅读理解 话题1 人物传记
直击2023高考英语（乙卷）阅读理解话题1 人物传记一、2023真题(共3题；共6分)阅读理解PRACTITIONERSJacqueline Felice de Almania (c. 1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.Tan Yunxian (1461 - 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.James Barry (c. 1789 - 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 - 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.1．（2分）What did Jacqueline and James have in common?A．Doing teaching jobs.B．Being hired as physicians.C．Performing surgery.D．Being banned from medicine.2．（2分）How was Tan Y unxian different from the other practitioners?A．She wrote a book.B．She went through trials.C．She worked as a dentist.D．She had formal education.3．（2分）Who was the first African American with a medical degree?A．Jacqueline Felice de Almania.B．Tan Yunxian.C．James Barry.D．Rebecca Lee Crumpler.二、冲刺练(共12题；共24分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B. 、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
高考现代文阅读人物传记
高考现代文阅读人物传记篇一：高考语文人物传记类现代文阅读强化训练(含答案)高考语文人物传记类现代文阅读强化训练（含答案）（一）下笔不觉师造化黄宾虹一生绘画艺术的大进展，多发生在他隐居的时期。
这并不是纯粹的巧合，无需应酬杂务的宁静生活可以让他深思内省，促使画作和自然风景、隐居生活进一步契合。
池阳湖画风之变是一次突变，源自他对江湖水光天色的写生，也来自他蓄积已久的思考，还来自苦涩现实对他心灵的影响。
其弟子王伯敏多年后还难忘他老师的教诲：“读书的人，要甘于寂寞。
寂寞能安定，定则心静，静则心清，清则心明，明则明白一切事理。
作画，墨是黑的，只要眼明心清，便能悟出知白守黑的道理，画便猛进。
”1929年的一件盛事是教育部在上海举办的第一届全国美术展览，南北国画家都参加。
此时在上海美专任教的黄宾虹参加了展出工作，并发表了评介文章《美展国画谈》。
文章提倡士大夫的逸品画格，以为不必求悦于人，人不知而不愠，才是真画者；还以为当时沪上流行的一种是细谨、工于涂泽的媚人习气，另一种是自矜才气、沦于放诞的欺人画风，以浮滑为潇洒、以轻软为秀润，真画者反不合时宜。
他希望画者能坚持避俗趋雅的操守，力求华滋浑厚的画风，不要因一时俗世弃取而改变。
黄宾虹一向以为书画同源，所以称作画为“写画”。
他以为上古时代书画不分，如伏羲画八卦，仓颉造字的一种主要方式就是象形，中国最早的文字中已有横线、纵线、弧线等线条形式；汉以后虽分书画，但仍是道归于一，三代以上笔法可从甲骨、古玉、铜器中求之。
他在1929年编辑的《滨虹草堂古印谱》里曾谈到古印上的籀篆文字：点画的肥瘦方圆奇正各不同，有助于绘画笔法；而结构的疏密、参差离合、抑扬顿挫、回环往复，更可见章法布置之妙。
所以，他作画时要置备金石拓本在案头。
他由古玺印这种上古金石实物、临近原始的艺术形式中悟出笔法要旨，认识到书法、文字、金石、绘画都是同一来源，即来源于自然山水，从而找到回归造化之路。
黄宾虹常提到古代书法家从观察自然中有所领悟，如在雨后看车行泥沼，车轮在泥中转动犹如笔被纸墨所滞却仍圆转，不疾不徐、不粘不脱，由此笔法大进。
历年高考实用类人物传记真题集(后附参考答案)
高考实用类人物传记精选真题集训精选篇目1：科学巨人玻尔（ 2014年新课标Ⅰ卷）玻尔|科学家1927年，第五届索尔维物理学会议在布鲁塞尔召开，激烈的辩论很快就变成了一场爱因斯坦与玻尔之间的“决斗”。
这场辩论在三年后的第六届索尔维会议上战火再续，玻尔获得胜利，他所代表的哥本哈根学派因此获得了大多数物理学家的认同，他们对量子力学的解释也被奉为正统解释。
这次辩论就是著名的“爱因斯坦－玻尔论战”，有人称之为物理学史上的“巅峰对决”。
爱因斯坦和玻尔这两位科学巨人的背后，是现代物理学的两大基础理论——相对论和量子力学。
他们的争论旷日持久，几乎所有理论物理学家都被吸引并参与进来，乐此不疲。
尽管两人的科学理论和思想观点始终没能调和，但他们却结下了长达数十年的友谊。
玻尔高度评价他与爱因斯坦的学术之争，认为它是自己“许多新思想产生的源泉”。
爱因斯坦也称赞说：“很少有谁像玻尔那样，对隐秘的事物具有如此敏锐的直觉，同时又兼有如此强有力的批判能力。
他是我们时代科学领域伟大的发现者之一。
”与爱因斯坦更个性化的独自研究不同，玻尔周围聚集着许多杰出的理论物理学家。
他不但有革新的勇气，更是一位伟大的伯乐。
他为量子物理学培养和组织了一支创新发展的队伍，人们称之为“哥本哈根学派”。
后来的诺贝尔物理学奖获得者玻恩、海森伯、泡利以与狄拉克等都曾是其主要成员。
哥本哈根学派活动的大本营就是哥本哈根理论物理研究所。
该所是玻尔在1917年申请，并于1921年正式成立的。
他以著名科学家的身份为研究所做担保，筹集了大量资金。
在任所长的40年间，他以特有的人格魅力，吸引了世界各地的青年才俊，使研究所成为当时全世界最重要、最活跃的量子力学研究中心。
这里先后培养了600多名物理学家。
玻尔使这个科学家群体中的每个个体的力量发挥到极致，形成了以集体讨论和自由探索为特征的研究风格。
他还经常在此举办非公开的小型年会，邀请各国著名的物理学家出席，相互学习，启发交流。
高考语文专题传记阅读试题(含答案)
高考语文专题传记阅读试题(含答案)专题十五传记阅读[学法――围绕传主，多向思考] [考题位置――第12题](2015•全国卷Ⅰ)阅读下面的文字，完成1～4题。
(25分) 朱东润自传 (1)1896年我出生在江苏泰兴一个失业店员的家庭，早年生活艰苦，所受的教育也存在着一定的波折。
21岁我到梧州担任广西第二中学的外语教师，23岁调任南通师范学校教师。
(2)1929年4月间，我到武汉大学担任外语讲师，从此我就成为大学教师。
那时武汉大学的文学院长是闻一多教授，他看到中文系的教师实在太复杂，总想来一些变动。
用近年的说法，这叫作掺沙子。
我的命运是作为沙子而到中文系开课的。
(3)大约是1939年吧，一所内迁的大学的中文系在学年开始，出现了传记研究这一个课，其下注明本年开韩柳文。
传记文学也好，韩柳文学也不妨，但是怎么会在传记研究这个总题下面开韩柳文呢？在当时的大学里，出现的怪事不少，可是这一项多少和我的兴趣有关，这就决定了我对于传记文学献身的意图。
(4)《四库全书总目》有传记类，指出《晏子春秋》为传之祖，《孔子三朝记》为记之祖，这是三百年前的看法，现在用不上了。
有人说《史记》《汉书》为传记之祖，这个也用不上。
《史》《汉》有互见法，对于一个人的评价，常常需要通读全书多卷，才能得其大略。
可是在传记文学里，一个传主只有一本书，必须在这本书里把对他的评价全部交代。
(5)是不是古人所作的传、行状、神道碑这一类的作品对于近代传记文学的写作有什么帮助呢？也不尽然。
古代文人的这类作品，主要是对于死者的歌颂，对于近代传记文学是没有什么用处的。
这些作品，毕竟不是传记文学。
(6)除了史家和文人的作品以外，是不是还有值得提出的呢？有的，这便是所谓别传。
别传的名称，可能不是作者的自称而是后人认为有别于正史，因此称为“别传”。
有些简单一些，也可称为传叙。
这类作品写得都很生动，没有那些阿谀奉承之辞，而且是信笔直书，对于传主的错误和缺陷，都是全部奉陈。
人物传记高考英语真题作文
人物传记高考英语真题作文一、题目1题目：假设你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom对中国的科学家袁隆平很感兴趣，请你根据以下提示用英语写一篇短文介绍袁隆平。
1. 1930年9月7日出生于北京；2. 从小对农业感兴趣；3. 致力于杂交水稻（hybrid rice）研究，经过多年努力，成功培育出高产杂交水稻，大大提高了粮食产量；4. 他的贡献不仅在中国，而且在全世界都有重要意义，被称为“杂交水稻之父”；5. 他的工作态度和奉献精神值得我们学习。
解析1. 体裁：人物传记类记叙文。
2. 时态：主要使用一般过去时，介绍他的出生、过去的研究成果；但在描述他的贡献的意义时可以使用一般现在时。
3. 内容要点- 出生信息：“Yuan Longping was born in Beijing on September 7, 1930.”- 兴趣：“He was interested in agriculture since childhood.”- 研究成果：“He devoted himself to the research of hybrid rice. After years of hard work, he successfully developed high - yield hybrid rice, which greatly increased the food production.”- 贡献意义：“His contributions are of great significance not only in China but also all over the world. So he is called 'Father of Hybrid Rice'.”- 值得学习：“His working attitude and dedication are worth learning from.”4. 高分表达- “devote oneself to”（致力于），“be of great significance”（有重要意义），“be worth doing”（值得做）等短语的使用可以提升文章档次。
历年高考实用类人物传记真题集(后附参考答案)
高考实用类人物传记精选真题集训精选篇目1：科学巨人玻尔（ 2014年新课标Ⅰ卷）玻尔|科学家1927年，第五届索尔维物理学会议在布鲁塞尔召开，激烈的辩论很快就变成了一场爱因斯坦与玻尔之间的“决斗”。
这场辩论在三年后的第六届索尔维会议上战火再续，玻尔获得胜利，他所代表的哥本哈根学派因此获得了大多数物理学家的认同，他们对量子力学的解释也被奉为正统解释。
这次辩论就是著名的“爱因斯坦－玻尔论战”，有人称之为物理学史上的“巅峰对决”。
爱因斯坦和玻尔这两位科学巨人的背后，是现代物理学的两大基础理论——相对论和量子力学。
他们的争论旷日持久，几乎所有理论物理学家都被吸引并参与进来，乐此不疲。
尽管两人的科学理论和思想观点始终没能调和，但他们却结下了长达数十年的友谊。
玻尔高度评价他与爱因斯坦的学术之争，认为它是自己“许多新思想产生的源泉”。
爱因斯坦也称赞说：“很少有谁像玻尔那样，对隐秘的事物具有如此敏锐的直觉，同时又兼有如此强有力的批判能力。
他是我们时代科学领域伟大的发现者之一。
”与爱因斯坦更个性化的独自研究不同，玻尔周围聚集着许多杰出的理论物理学家。
他不但有革新的勇气，更是一位伟大的伯乐。
他为量子物理学培养和组织了一支创新发展的队伍，人们称之为“哥本哈根学派”。
后来的诺贝尔物理学奖获得者玻恩、海森伯、泡利以及狄拉克等都曾是其主要成员。
哥本哈根学派活动的大本营就是哥本哈根理论物理研究所。
该所是玻尔在1917年申请，并于1921年正式成立的。
他以著名科学家的身份为研究所做担保，筹集了大量资金。
在任所长的40年间，他以特有的人格魅力，吸引了世界各地的青年才俊，使研究所成为当时全世界最重要、最活跃的量子力学研究中心。
这里先后培养了600多名物理学家。
玻尔使这个科学家群体中的每个个体的力量发挥到极致，形成了以集体讨论和自由探索为特征的研究风格。
他还经常在此举办非公开的小型年会，邀请各国著名的物理学家出席，相互学习，启发交流。
高考语文专题复习文言文(人物传记类)阅读理解十年真题
高考语文专题复习文言文（人物传记类）阅读理解十年真题（2023·全国甲卷）阅读下面的文言文，完成各题。
B．周尧卿为人简朴持重，不喜计较，对于不如自己的人，他会郑重地以礼相待，让对方产生羞愧之心；虽然俸禄不多，但周济宗族朋友，直到用完为止。
C．周尧卿为学注重独立思考，不迷信古人传注，而以通达文义为目的，他认为解释《诗经》的《传》《笺》各有得失，学习时应当加以分辨。
D．周尧卿学问品行俱佳，得到当世名臣范仲淹和欧阳修嘉许。
范仲淹曾举荐他，但未及任用，他就去世了；欧阳修为他的墓碑撰文，对他褒扬有加。
13．把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
（1）泫然流涕曰：“过是，虽欲竭力，复可得乎？”（2）纭至邑，不复他察，第以所闻荐之。
【2022年】（2022·新高考2卷）阅读下面的文言文，完成下面小题。
吴汉，字子颜，南阳人。
韩鸿为使者，使持节，徇河北，人为言：“吴子颜，奇士也，可与计事。
”吴汉为人质厚少文造次不能以辞语自达邓禹及诸将多所荐举再三召见其后勤勤不离公门上亦以其南阳人渐亲之上既破邯郸，诛王郎，召邓禹宿，夜语曰：“吾欲北发幽州突骑，诸将谁可使者？”禹曰：“吴汉可。
禹数与语，其人勇鸷有智谋，诸将鲜能及者。
”上于是以汉为大将军。
汉遂斩幽州牧苗曾，上以禹为知人。
吴汉与苏茂、周建战，汉躬被甲持戟，告令诸部将曰：“闻鼓声皆大呼俱进，后至者斩。
”遂鼓而进，贼兵大破。
北击清河长垣及平原五里贼，皆平之。
吴汉伐蜀，分营于水南水北，北营战不利，乃衔枚．．引兵往合水南营，大破公孙述。
吴汉兵守成都，公孙述将延岑遗奇兵出吴汉兵后，袭击破汉，汉堕水，缘马尾得出。
吴汉性忠厚，笃于事上，自初从征伐，常在左右，上未安，则侧足屏息，上安然后退舍。
兵有不利，军营不完，汉常独缮檠其弓戟，阅其兵马，激扬吏士。
上时令人视吴公何为，还言方作战攻具，上常曰：“吴公差强人意．．．．，隐若一敌国矣。
”封汉广平侯。
吴汉尝出征，妻子在后买田业。
完整版本人物传记近三年高中高考真题试卷.doc
实用类文学文本高考真题到达离祖国最近的一条公路，突遇日伏，他立即命令分散突。
激中，戴安胸腹中。
甸雨季，大雨滂沱，部既要突破日堵，需忍挨，穿越荒山密林，1942 年 5 将采薇月 26 日，他行至北茅邦村，戴安化，以身殉国，年38 。
弥留之，参戴安任第 73 旅旅后，回多年日作的教，定要取得利必依靠部属努他下一步的行路，他已不能，手指地，示意部从莫洛瑞江向北回国，又力，而部属的旺盛士气来自他的国情．他犄意抄民族英雄岳的《江》和文天祥的人扶着他面向祖国注久，安然而逝。
《零丁洋》，印各官兵背吟唱，激大家精忠国的国忱。
戴安牲后，体由官兵抬回国内，渡瑞江后，乃将体火化，骨灰装入小木箱，以了抗大，戴安摒弃党派成，国人士。
《自由》者宗祺仁前来采，与。
一情景感了沿途民众，一位老痛心地：“寿材么小，怎能配得上将的英他夜局。
探国共合作抗日的未来，两人很快成莫逆之交。
有人提醒戴安，名与地位？”随即捐出自的楠木寿材。
冲率全父老20 万人沿街跪迎将灵。
宗是共党，多加提防。
他坦然答道：“ 在是国共合作抗．何防之有？宗是否共党我不随后，国民政府追授戴安中将，美国斯福追授戴安懋章，国民政府在广西知道，我只知道他是新者，写多真感人的道，有卓越的解。
我正缺少的全州安葬式，中国袖毛派人送来挽：“外辱需人御，将采薇。
称机械化，国志士。
”几天后，他把自己的事著作交宗供仁修改并。
勇虎威。
浴血瓜守，倭棠吉。
沙竟命，壮志也无。
”周恩来、朱德等也敬献挽太平洋争爆后，中国决定派征赴句日作。
当命令到达，已升任第200 、挽。
新中国成立后，中央人民政府追戴安革命烈士，并以毛主席的名向属的戴安高唱《江》，并向官兵宣葛亮征的事迹，以“鞠躬尽弈．死而后已”的“革命牲人家属光荣念”。
精神激励官兵．赴途中，他激情，《征》二首以明志。
其一云：“万里旌旗耀眼开，（摘自茅海建主《国民党抗殉国将》等）王出境夷摧．鞭遥指花如，葛前身今又来。
”其二云：“策奔走八荒，征功相关接秦皇。
三年高考(2014-2016)语文真题分项版解析—— 专题15 传记类文本阅读
，赢得 小柳青 的 声，
单位 换 陕西省 家
会 他 于是一 着 望写 了小 中 装打 家
岁的增长和时 蓝袍 表团 泰
得要
树理
柳青的文学中剥离
来
他将 10
个愿 ，他 穿 西
中 小 写于 1985 第一 走
，一个认知 者的标 性 份 意置 的小 了一 的 人 质地 错的西装
的最
门的陈忠 浮现 完
他第一 多
对人物的深 时
到能够充 文 心理结构 学
写人物独 给了他
体验的
他相信，人的心理 一个人性格的内 于 信奉多 的
理念支撑的，而结构一 到社会
，就会
一个人的思想 ，乃 毁灭
道德和行 陈忠
，
如果心理结构 型性格
，人就将遭遇深层的痛
感到自
中剥离 来，仿 悟得 机，茅塞 开 多 现对 活的独 发现和独立表述的 到了什 是人 共知的，1992 ，他在中 文 的位置 开始在 之奠
大学 中文系， 个 20 岁
的灞河边，想着文学，想着 3
之 ，陈忠 的 文 夜过流沙沟 在 1965 学 涯 式开始 但直到 1979 小
文艺副刊 发表，他的文 ，他 确立了文学 的自信 家 会 又一个 之 ，
信任 获得全 9
他感 自 陈忠
再是一个文学爱好者和业余 者了 是
40 岁，他的第一个短篇小 业 家了 的 ，陈忠 来
是
家自身博大的人格魅力的反 文学的大家之一 1
李满 銙陈忠实 回首 十五载风雨人生銚 析和概括，最 的 是 5 ，使他萌发了文学梦， 来则
列对材料有 内容的 A． 树理銙
湾銚和柳青銙创业史銚是陈忠实最初的文学营
他创作 必 突破的对象銔 B．小 向 銙信任銚获得全 业作家的 要转 銔 的中 人大都是野 棒量金， 是他的 种 悟， 如 秀短篇小 奖，使陈忠实在文学 确立了自信心， 是他 业余作者走
【高考真题必刷】2014-2016年高考真题——文言文阅读(人物传记类)
2014-2016年高考真题——文言文阅读（人物传记类）【2016年高考新课标Ⅱ卷】阅读下面的文言文，完成4〜7题。
陈登云，字从龙，唐山人，万历五年进士，除鄢陵知县，征授御史，出按辽东，疏陈安攘十策，又请速首功之赏。
改巡山西。
还朝，会廷臣方争建储。
登云谓议不早决，由贵妃家阴沮之。
十六年六月遂因灾异抗疏，劾妃父郑承宪，言：“承宪怀祸藏奸窥觊储贰且广结术士之流曩陛下重惩科场冒籍承宪妻每扬言事由己发用以恐喝勋贵簧鼓朝绅不但惠安遭其虐焰，即中宫．．与太后家亦谨避其锋矣，陛下．．享国久长，自由敬德所致，而承宪每对人言，以为不立东宫之效。
干扰盛典，蓄隐邪谋，他日何所不至？”疏入，贵妃、承宪皆怒，同列亦为登云危，帝竟留中不下。
久之，疏论吏部．．尚书陆光祖，又论贬四川提学副使冯时可，论罢应天巡抚李涞、顺天巡抚王致祥，又论礼部侍郎韩世能、尚书罗万化、南京太仆卿徐用检。
朝右皆惮之。
时方考选科道，登云因疏言：“近岁言官，壬午以前怵于威，则摧刚为柔；壬午以后昵于情，则化直为佞。
其间岂无刚直之人，而弗胜龃龉，多不能安其身。
二十年来，以刚直擢京卿者百止一二耳。
背公植党，遂嗜乞怜，如所谓‘七豺’‘八狗’者，言路顾居其半。
夫台谏为天下持是非，而使人贱辱至此，安望其抗颜直绳，为国家锄大奸、歼巨蠹哉！与其误用而斥之，不若慎于始进。
”因条数事以献。
出按河南。
岁大饥，人相食。
副使崔应麟见民啖泽中雁矢，囊示登云，登云即进之于朝。
帝立遣寺丞锺化民赍帑金振之。
登云巡方者三，风裁峻厉。
以久次当擢京卿，累寝不下，遂移疾．．归。
寻卒。
（节选自《明史·陈登云传》）4．下列对文中画波浪线部分的断句，正确的一项是（3分）A．承宪怀祸藏奸/窥觊储贰且广结术士之流/曩陛下重惩科场/冒籍承宪妻每扬言事由己发/用以恐喝勋贵/簧鼓朝绅/B．承宪怀祸藏奸/窥觊储贰/且广结术士之流/曩陛下重惩科场冒籍/承宪妻每扬言/事由己发用以恐喝勋贵/簧鼓朝绅/C．承宪怀祸藏奸/窥觊储贰/且广结术士之流/曩陛下重惩科场冒籍/承宪妻每扬言事由己发/用以恐喝勋贵/簧鼓朝绅/D．承宪怀祸藏奸/窥觊储贰且广结术士之流/曩陛下重惩科场/冒籍承宪妻每扬言/事由己发用以恐喝勋贵/簧鼓朝绅/5．下列对文中加点词语的相关内容的解说，不正确的一项是（3分）A．中宫是皇后所居之宫，后来又可以借指皇后，这与东宫又可借指太子是同样道理。
人物传记试题及答案
人物传记试题及答案一、选择题1. 请指出下列哪一位不是20世纪著名的科学家？A. 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦B. 尼尔斯·玻尔C. 威廉·莎士比亚D. 马克斯·普朗克答案：C2. 被誉为“计算机科学与人工智能之父”的科学家是：A. 艾伦·图灵B. 约翰·冯·诺依曼C. 克劳德·香农D. 蒂姆·伯纳斯-李答案：A3. 下列哪位女性是首位获得诺贝尔奖的科学家？A. 玛丽·居里B. 罗莎琳·富兰克林C. 芭芭拉·麦克林托克D. 多萝西·霍奇金答案：A二、填空题4. 著名物理学家___________提出了相对论，对现代物理学产生了深远影响。
答案：阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦5. 19世纪末，___________发明了电灯，极大地改变了人类的生活方式。
答案：托马斯·爱迪生6. 被誉为“现代遗传学之父”的科学家是___________。
答案：格雷戈尔·孟德尔三、简答题7. 请简述海伦·凯勒的生平及其对世界的贡献。
答案：海伦·凯勒（1880-1968）是一位美国作家、社会活动家和讲师。
她在19个月大时因疾病失去了听力和视力。
尽管面临巨大的挑战，海伦在安妮·沙利文的帮助下学会了交流，并成为了首位获得文学学士学位的聋盲人士。
她致力于改善残疾人的生活质量，创立了多个慈善机构，并在全球范围内为残疾人权益发声。
海伦·凯勒的自传《我的生活故事》激励了无数人。
8. 描述一下亚历山大·弗莱明发现青霉素的过程。
答案：亚历山大·弗莱明（1881-1955）是一位苏格兰生物学家和药理学家。
1928年，弗莱明在伦敦的圣玛丽医院工作时，偶然发现了青霉素。
他在一次实验中注意到一个暴露于空气中的金黄色葡萄球菌培养皿被一种霉菌污染了，这种霉菌后来被确认为青霉菌。
专题04：阅读理解之人物传记类-最近三年(2019-2021)高考英语真题分类精编(原卷版)
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr Titterton said, “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group’s official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
2007-2014年人物传记高考题
2007-2014年新课标人物传记汇编【2007年】四、实用类文本阅读（25分）叶圣陶在四川1940年初夏，叶圣陶来到成都，在四川省教育厅教育科学馆工作。
他白天去办公，晚上教儿女们写写文章。
常常在晚饭之后，把油灯移到桌子中央，至善、至美、至诚就凑着光亮，认真地听父亲讲解。
有时候，儿女们也和父亲热烈讨论。
他们每人每星期交一篇文章。
叶圣陶一向主张作文要说自己的话，要写自己的真情实感，对儿女们的作文，他也从来不出题目，随他们写去。
这也是他们一天中最感兴味的时刻。
叶圣陶一边看他们的文章，一边问：‚这儿多了些什么？这儿少了些什么？能不能换一个比较恰当的词儿？把词儿调动一下，把句式改变一下，是不是好些?‛遇到看不明白的地方，他就问孩子们：‚原来是怎么想的？到底想清楚了没有？为什么表达不出来？怎样才能把要说的意思说明白？‛他问得十分仔细，简直就是严格的考试，同时也是生动活泼的考试。
孩子们都乐意参加这样的考试。
但是，对于叶圣陶，到了成都以后，使他格外高兴的事，却要算和朱自清的朝夕相见了。
几十年来，这两位作家亲似手足。
朱自清曾写过《我所见的叶圣陶》《叶圣陶的短篇小说》等文章。
1931年8月，朱自清由北平动身访问欧洲，就是在叶圣陶鼓动下，才写出了《欧游杂记》的。
朱自清在这本书的‚自序‛里，曾提到叶圣陶帮助‚设计‛、‚题字‛、‚校对‛等。
叶圣陶曾写过《与佩弦》的散文，讲述他们之间的友情：促膝谈心，随兴趣之所至，时而上天，时而入地；时而论书，时而评画；时而纵谈时局，品鉴人伦；时而剖析玄理，密诉衷曲……可谓随意之极致了。
这当儿，名誉之心是没有的，利益的心是没有的，顾忌欺诳等心也都没有，只为着看出内心而说话，说其不得不说。
其味甘而永，无所不领会，真可说彼此‚如见其肺肝然‛的。
现在，很难得他们同处一地，又在一起工作，还先后合编了《精读指导举偶》和《略读指导举偶》，作为中学生学习国文的课外读物，列入‚四川省教育科学馆丛书‛出版。
精选人物传记试题及答案
人物传记试题及答案精选人物传记试题及答案人物传记具有很高的历史价值和人格引导意义，我们现在看当今社会的很多问题，答案却往往能从前人的经历里面去寻找。
因此为后人留下我们对当今社会和时代的思考，是一件很必要的事情。
以下是小编精心整理的人物传记试题及答案，欢迎阅读与收藏。
一、《贝多芬之吻》1985年9月，我在西德萨尔布吕肯给一些年轻的钢琴家上主修课时感到，如果我在某个学生的背上轻轻拍一下的话，他会弹得更好些。
由于他的卓越的演奏，我在全班同学面前表扬了他。
这种即刻的超常发挥使自己和全班同学都大为惊奇。
仅仅几句赞扬的话对他产生了奇效。
这件事使我想起了自己得到第一次表扬的是多么高兴和自豪。
我当时7岁，爸爸让我在花园帮忙干活，我使出了全身的劲儿干完活后得到了最好的奖赏：父亲吻了一下说：谢谢你，孩子，你干得好。
60多年后父亲话仍在我耳边回响。
16岁时因和音乐老师发生了分歧使我陷入了困境。
那时，李斯特最后一个在世的学生，著名钢琴家埃米尔冯索尔先生来到布达佩斯，要求我为他演奏一曲。
他认真听了我演奏的巴赫C大调《托卡塔曲》后，让我再弹几曲。
我尽全力演奏了贝多芬的钢琴奏鸣曲《悲怆》和舒曼的《蝴蝶》。
最后，当我结束演奏时，冯索尔先生站起身并在我的前额上吻了一下说：我的孩子，当我在你这么大时成了李斯特先生的学生。
在我的第一课后，李斯特先生吻了我的前额说：好好记住这个吻，它是贝多芬先生听完我的演奏后给我的吻，我已等了许多年，现在我认为你应得到它。
在我的一生中没有比冯索尔先生对我的赞扬更有意义的事了。
贝多芬之吻奇迹般地使我从困境中解脱出来，并帮助我成为的钢琴家。
不久，我将把它传给最有资格获得的人。
赞美是一种巨大的力量，是黑暗屋子里的一支蜡烛。
我为它永远发挥着自己神奇的作用而惊叹不已！试题：1、第一段中作者举了几个事例说明赞美是一种巨大的力量，是黑暗屋子里的一支蜡烛？2、为什么60年后父亲的话仍在我耳边回响？3、从课文中可以看出贝多芬把贝多芬之吻给了，把贝多芬之吻给了，又把贝多芬之吻给了我。
(完整版)人物传记近三年高考真题
实用类文学文本高考真题将军赋采薇戴安澜任第73旅旅长后，回顾多年对日作战的经验教训，认定要取得胜利必须依靠部属努力，而部属的旺盛士气来自他们的爱国热情．他犄意抄录民族英雄岳飞的《满江红》和文天祥的《过零丁洋》，印发给各级官兵背诵吟唱，激发大家精忠报国的爱国热忱。
为了抗战大业，戴安澜摒弃党派成见，团结爱国人士。
《自由报》记者宗祺仁前来采访，与他彻夜讨论时局。
探讨国共合作抗日的未来，两人很快成为莫逆之交。
这时有人提醒戴安澜，说宗是共产党，须多加提防。
他坦然答道：“现在是国共合作抗战．何防之有？宗是否共产党我不知道，我只知道他是新闻记者，写过许多真实感人的报道，有卓越的见解。
我们正缺少这样的爱国志士。
”几天后，他还把自己的军事著作交给宗供仁修改并题词。
太平洋战争爆发后，中国决定派远征军赴缅句对日作战。
当命令到达时，已升任第200师师长的戴安澜高唱《满江红》，并向官兵宣讲进诸葛亮远征的事迹，以“鞠躬尽弈．死而后已”的精神激励官兵．赴缅途中，他激情满怀，赋《远征》二首以明志。
其一云：“万里旌旗耀眼开，王师出境岛夷摧．扬鞭遥指花如许，诸葛前身今又来。
”其二云：“策马奔车走八荒，远征功业迈秦皇。
澄清宇宙安黎庶，先挽长弓射夕阳。
”入缅不久，日军主力迫近东瓜，军长杜聿明决定集中主力击溃日军．戴安澜立下誓言：“此次远征，系唐明以来扬国成之盛举，虽战至一兵一卒，也必死守东瓜。
”这时，英军突然撤走，我方援军未至，形势危急，戴安澜决心以身报国。
他宣布：“本师长立遣嘱在先：如果师长战死，以副师长代之；副师长战死，参谋长代之……以此类推，各级皆然。
”他给夫人王荷馨写了绝命家书：“余此次奉命固守东瓜，因上面大计未定，与后方联络过远，敌人行动又快，现在孤军奋斗，决以全部牺牲报国家养育。
为国家战死，事极光荣。
所念者，你们母子今后生活，当更痛苦。
望你珍重．并爱护诸儿，侍奉老母。
老父在皖，可不必呈闻。
”面对日军发动步兵、炮兵和空军联合进攻，狂轰滥炸，施放毒气，戴安澜率部同仇敌忾，顽强战斗，抗击四倍于己的日军长达十余日．中印缅战区美军司令兼中国战区统帅部参谋长史迪威表示：“近代立功异域，扬中华声威者，以戴将军为第一人。
高考)(三年联考)精品题库：阅读理解分类汇编 人物传记类(40页) .doc
人物传记类第一部分五年高考题荟萃Passage 1(09·浙江E篇)Four people in England back in 1953, stared at Photo 51,It wasn’t much—a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed –the shape of DNA The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out.Her name was Rosalind Franklin.”She should have been up there,” says historian Mary Bowden.”If her photos hadn’t been there, the others couldn’t have come up with the structure.” One reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholars doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitorsAt Cambridge University in the 1950s, Watson and Click tried to make models by cutting up shapes of DNA’s parts and then putting them together. In the meantime, at King’s College in London, Franklin and Wilkins shone X-rays at the molecule(分子). The rays produced patterns reflection the shape.But Wilkins and Franklin’s relationship was a lot rockier than the celebrated teamwork of Watson and Crick, Wilkins thought Franklin was hired to be his assistant .But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA project.What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return, “Mere inspection suggested that she would not easily bend. Clearly she had to to go or be put in her place.”As Franklin’s competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers, says historian Pnina Abir-Am. In 1962 at the Nobel Prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin, Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that “Franklin was only two steps away from the solut ion.”No, Franklin was the solution. “She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA . She must be considered a co-discoverer,” Abir-Am says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the “Dark Lady of DNA”, Franklin is finally coming into the light.57. What is the text mainly about?A. The disagreements among DNA researchers.B. The unfair treatment of Franklin.C. The process of discovering DNA.D. The race between two teams of scientists.58. Watson was angry with Franklin because she .A. took the lead in the competitionB. kept her results from himC. proved some of his findings wrongD. shared her data with other scientists59. Why is Franklin described as “Dark Lady of DNA”?A. She developed pictures in dark labs.B. She discovered the black X-the shape of DNA.C. Her name was forgotten after her death.D. Her contribution was unknown to the public.60. What is the writer’s attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick?A. Disapproving.B. Respectful.C. Admiring.D. Doubtful.答案57.B 58.C 59.D 60.APassage 2(09·重庆B篇)How to Be a WinnerSir Steven RedgraveWinner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals“In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes(糖尿病). Believing my career（职业生涯）was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists said there was to no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was it -the encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isn’t difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasn't finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.”Karen PickeringSwimming World Champion“I swim 4 hours a day, 6 days a week. I manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diary. This is the key to success-you can’t follow a career in any field without being well-organized. List what you believe you can achieve. Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and you’ll be a step closer to achieving them.”Kirsten BestPoet & Writer“When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can’t achieve something. Then, there are other distractions, such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. When I feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such as ‘calm’, ‘peace’ or ‘focus’, either out loud or silently in my mind. It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence. This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological（心理的）tool”60. What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about?A. Difficulties influenced his career.B. Specialists offered him medical advice.C. Training helped him defeat his disease.D. He overcame the shadow of illness to win.61. What does Karen Pickering put on top of her diary?A. Her training schedule.B. Her daily happenings.C. Her achievements.D. Her sports career.62.What does the underlined w ord “distractions” probably refer to？A. Ways that help one to focus.B. Words that help one to feel less tense.C. Activities that turn one's attention away.D. Habits that make it hard for one to relax.63. According to the passage ,what do the three people have in common?A. Courage.B. Devotion.C. Hard work.D. Self-confidence.答案60.D 61.A 62.C 63.DPassage 3(09·宁夏、海南B篇)Computer programmer David Jones earns $35.000 a year designing new computer games. yet he cannot find a bank ready to let him have a credit card（信用卡）Instead he has been told to wait another two years until he is 18. The 16-year-old works for a small firm in Liverpool where the problem of most young people of his age is finding a job David’s firm releases（推出）two new games for the fast growing computer market each monthBut David’s biggest headache is what to do with his money. Even though he earns a lot he cannot drive a car take out a mortgage（抵押贷款）,or get credit cards David got his job with the Liverpool-based company four months ago ,a year after leaving school with six O-levels and working for a time in a computer shop. “I got the job because the people who run the firm knew I had already written some programs” he said David spends some of his money on records an d clothes and gives his mother 50 pounds a week But most of his spare time is spent working.“Unfortunately, computing was not part of our studies at school “ he said “But I had been studying it in books and magazines for four years in my spare time I knew what I wanted to do and never considered staying on at school Most people in this business are fairly young, anyway” David added :”I would like to earn a million and I suppose early retirement（退休）is a possibility You never know when the market might disap pear.”60．In what way is David different from people of his age?A．He often goes out with friendsB．He lives with his motherC．He has a handsome incomeD．He graduated with six O-levels61．What is one of the problems that David is facing now?A．He is too young to get a credit cardB．He has no time to learn drivingC．He has very little spare timeD．He will soon lose his job62．Why was David able to get the job in the company?A．He had done well in all his examsB．He had written some computer programsC．He was good at playing computer gamesD．He had learnt to use computers at school63．Why did David decide to leave school and start working?A．He received lots of job offersB．He was eager to help his motherC．He lost interest in school studiesD．He wanted to earn his own living答案60.C 61.A 62.B 63.CPassage 4(09·陕西B篇)When people hear a president speak, they seldom think about others helping to shape the presentation（报告）. Today, however, presidents depend on writers such as J. Terry Edmonds to help them communicate （交流）effectively. Edmonds is the first African American ever to work as a full-time speechwriter for a U. S. president; he is so the first African American to serve as director of speechwriting for White House. His is an all-American story of success.Edmonds grew up in Baltimore, Maryland; his father drove a truck, and his mother worked as a waitress. A. great reader, Edmonds showed a gift for writing at his highSchool, Baltimore City College After graduating in 1967 Edmonds went on to Morgan State UniversityEdmonds began his career in business, with jobs in public relations and communications. He joined the world of politics as news secretary for his congressman （国会议员）from Baltimore During Bill Clinton’s presidency, he wrote speeches for H ealth and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala and worked in a number of job in the White House and in governmental departments President Clinton then appointed （任命）him to the office of directory of speechwriting Following the 2000 elections Edmonds returned to Morgan State University as the school’s special assistant to the president for 2001-200245. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?A. Edmonds proved himself to be good at writing at high schoolB. Edmonds graduated from Morgan State University in 1967.C. Edmonds was the first full-time speechwriter.D. Edmonds served the White House after 2000.46.Edmonds entered the world of politics first as .A. news secretary for a CongressmanB. a speechwriter for President ClintonC. news secretary in the White HouseD. a speechwriter for Secretary Donna Shalala47. The text is most likely to be found in a book about .A. popular scienceB. historical eventsC. successful people D, Political systems答案45.A 46.A 47.CPassage 5(08·广东C篇)Napoleon,as a character in Tolstoy’s War and Peace,is more than once described as having “fat little hands.”Nor does he “sit well or firmly on the horse.”He is said to be “undersized,”with “short legs”and a “round stomach”.The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoy’s description—it seems not that far off from historical accounts—but his choice of facts:other things that could be said of the man are not said.We are meant to understand the difference of a warring commander in the body of a fat little Frenchman.Tolstoy’s Napoleon could be any man wandering in the streets and putting a little of powdered tobacco up his nose—and that is the point.It is a way the novelist uses to show the moral nature of a character.And it turns out that,as Tolstoy has it,Napoleon is a crazy man.In a scene in Book Three of War and Peace,the wars having reached the critical year of 1812,Napoleon receives a representative from the Tsar (沙皇),who has come with peace terms.Napoleon is very angry:doesn’t he have more army? He,not the Tsar,is the one to make the terms.He will destroy all of Europe if his army is stopped,“That is what you will have gained by engaging me in the war!”he shouts.And then,Tolstoy writes,Napoleon“walked silently several times up and down the room,his fat shoulders moving quickly.”Still later,after reviewing his army amid cheering crowds,Napoleon invites the shaken Russian to dinner.“He raised his hand to the Russian’s...face,”Tolstoy writes,and “taking him by the ear pulled it gently...”.To have one’s ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the French court.“Well,well,why don’t you say anything?”said he,as if it was ridiculous in his presence to respect any one but himself,Napoleon.Tolstoy did his research,but the composition is his own.51.Tolstoy’s description of Napoleon in War and Peace is .A.far from the historical factsB.based on the Russian historyC.based on his selection of factsD.not related to historical details52.Napoleon was angry when receiving the Russian representative because .A.he thought he should be the one to make the peace termsB.the Tsar’s peace terms were hard to acceptC.the Russians stopped his military movementD.he didn’t have any more army to fight with53.What did Napoleon expect the Russian representative to do?A.To walk out of the room in anger.B.To show agreement with him.C.To say something about the Tsar.D.To express his admiration.54.Tolstoy intended to present Napoleon as a man who is .A.ill-mannered in dealing with foreign guestsB.fond of showing off his iron willC.determined in destroying all of EuropeD.crazy for power and respect55.What does the last sentence of the passage imply?A.A writer doesn’t have to be faithful to his findings.B.A writer may write about a hero in his own way.C.A writer may not be responsible for what he writes.D.A writer has hardly any freedom to show his feelings.答案51.B 52.C 53.B 54.A 55.BPassage 6(08·山东C篇)It was the summer of 1965.DeLuca,then 17,visited Peter Buck,a family friend.Buck asked DeLuca about his plans for the future.“I’m going to college,but I need a way to pay for it,”DeLuca recalls saying.“Buck said,’You should open a sandwich shop.’”That afternoon,they agreed to be partners.And they set a goal:to open 32 stores in ten years.After doing some research,Buck wrote a check for $1,000.DeLuca rented a storefront (店面) in Connecticut,and when they couldn’t cover their start-up costs,Buck kicked in another $1,000.But business didn’t go smoothly as they expected.DeLuca says,“After six months,we were doing poorly,but we didn’t know how badly,because we didn’t have any financial controls.”All he and Buck knew was that their sales were lower than their costs.DeLuca was managing the store and going to the University of Bridgeport at the same time.Buck was working at his day job as a nuclear physicist in New York.They’d meet Monday evenings and brainstorm ideas for keeping the business running.“We convinced ourselves to open a second store.We figured we could tell the public,’We are so successful,we are opening a second store.’”And they did－in the spring of 1966.Still,it was a lot of learning by trial and error.But the partners’learn-as-you go approach turned out to be their greatest strength.Every Friday,DeLuca would drive around and hand-deliver the checks to pay their suppliers.“It probably took me two and a half hours and it wasn’t necessary,but as a result,the suppliers got to know me very well,and the personal relationships established really helped out,”DeLuca says.And having a goal was also important.“There are so many problems that can get you down.You just have to keep working toward your goal,”DeLuca adds.DeLuca ended up founding Subway Sandwich,the multimillion-dollar restaurant chain.67.DeLuca opened the first sandwich shop in order to .A.support his familyB.pay for his college educationC.help his partner expand businessD.do some research68.Which of the following is true of Buck?A.He put money into the sandwich business.B.He was a professor of business administration.C.He was studying at the University of Bridgeport.D.He rented a storefront for DeLuca.69.What can we learn about their first shop?A.It stood at an unfavorable place.B.It lowered the prices to promote sales.C.It made no profits due to poor management.D.It lacked control over the quality of sandwiches.70.They decided to open a second store because they .A.had enough money to do itB.had succeeded in their businessC.wished to meet the increasing demand of customersD.wanted to make believe that they were successful71.What contributes most to their success according to the author?A.Learning by trial and error.B.Making friends with suppliers.C.Finding a good partner.D.Opening chain stores.答案67.B 68.A 69.C 70.D 71.APassage 7(08·山东D篇)Melissa Poe was 9 years old when she began a campaign for a cleaner environment by writing a letter to the then President Bush.Through her own efforts,her letter was reproduced on over 250 donated billboards (广告牌) across the country.The response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment (Kids F.A.C.E.) in 1989.There are now 300,000 members of Kids F.A.C.E. worldwide and it is the world’s largest youth environmental organization.Poe has also asked the National Park Service to carry out a “Children’s Forest”project in every national park.In 1992,she was invited as one of only six children in the world to speak at the Earth Summit in Brazil as part of the V oices of the Future Program.In 1993,she was given a Caring Award for her efforts by the Caring Institute.Since the organization started,Kids F.A.C.E.members have distributed and planted over 1 million trees!Ongoing tree-planting projects include Kid’s Yards－the creation of backyard wildlife habitats (栖息地)－and now Kids F.A.C.E.is involved in the exciting Earth Odyssey,which is a great way to start helping.“Starting the club turned out to be a way to help people get involved with the environment.Club members started doing things like recycling,picking up litter and planting trees as well as inviting other kids to join their club.”“We try to tell kids that it’s not OK to be lazy,”she explains.“You need to start being a responsible,environmentally friendly person now,right away,before you become a resource-sucking adult.”72.Kids F.A.C.E.is .A.a program to help students with writingB.a project of litter recyclingC.a campaign launched by President BushD.a club of environmental protection73.What can we learn about Poe?A.She was awarded a prize in Brazil.B.She donated billboards across the country.C.She got positive responses for her efforts.D.She joined the National Park Service.74.Kid’s Yards is .A.established in a national parkB.started to protect wildlifeC.a wildlife-raising projectD.an entertainment park for kids75.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?A.Adults are resource-sucking people.B.Poe sought help from a youth organization.C.Kids F.A.C.E.members are from the U.S.D.Kids are urged to save natural resources.答案72.D 73.C 74.B 75.DPassage 8(08·江西C篇)Topping the class academically was certainly an advantage．Studying was a breeze for Nigel．The reward was certainly incomparable to the little effort that he had to put it．It began when he was selected to help the teachers in the computer laboratories．The peak of his school career came not when he topped the school but when he was selected for the nationwide competition．Unlike everyone else, Nigel wanted to join the contest because he liked playing with the Lego sets and making something out of them．Nigel spent the next two months rebuilding the robot．It was during the time that Nigel found out about the prizes for the competition as well as another competitor, Alicia, from a neighboring school．His early intentions were forgotten．Getting the thousand-dollar prize was more important than anything else．Nigel decided to befriend Alicia．Unaware of his intentions, she told him all about the robot that she had been building for the competition．He even helped her to put the finishing touches to her robot．He was glad with the way things had progressed．His robot looked even better than Alicia’s and it was able to bounce a ball with its arm, something Alicia had failed to do．On the day of the competition, he saw Alicia．Everything dawned on her the minute she saw him among the competitors. She stared at him, puzzled at first, then angry and finally a look of helplessness came over her．The flashbulbs of the camera exploded in Nigel’s face．The robot had performed actions so unique and different that the specialists’judgments were the same．Nigel was so pleased with himself that he did not even notice the girl standing a few feet away from him．Without her, he would never have won the competition．64．What reward did Nigel receive for doing well in his school work?A．He was offered a part-time job.B．He was honored with a scholarship.C．He helped his teachers construct a robot.D．He helped in the computer laboratories.65．Nigel’s original intention of joining the contest was to ___ ．A．be the top student of the school B．being great honor to his schoolC．construct a robot with the Lego sets D．wins the thousand-dollar prize66．Why did Nigel help Alicia finish her robot?A．He tried to make friends with her. B．He was fond of building robots.C．He intended to help her. D．He didn’t want her to suspect him. 67．What is the author’s attitude towards Nigel’s actions?A．He is mildly critical. B．He is strongly critical.C．He is in favor of them. D．His attitude is not clear.答案64.D 65.C 66.D 67.APassage 9(08·天津A篇)Sandra Cisneros was born in Chicago in 1954 to a Mexican American family. As the only girl in a family of seven children, she often felt like she had “seven fathers,” because her six brothers, as well as her father, tried to control her. Feeling shy and unimportant, she retreated(躲避) into books. Despite her love of reading, she did not do well in elementary school because she was too shy to participate.In high school, with the encouragement of one particular teacher, Cisneros improved her grades and worked for the school literary magazine. Her father encouraged her to go to college because he thought it would be a good way for her to find a husband. Cisneros did attend college, but instead of searching for a husband, she found a teacher who helped her join the famous graduate writing program at the University of Iowa. At the university’s Writers’Workshop, however, she felt lonely—a Mexican American from a poor neighborhood among students from wealthy families. The feeling of being so different helped Cisneros find her “creative voice.”“It was not unti l this moment when I considered myself truly different that my writing acquired a voice. I knew I was a Mexican woman, but I didn’t think it had anything to do with why I felt so much imbalance in my life, but it had everything to do with it! That’s when I decided I would write about something my classmates couldn’t write about.”Cisneros published her first work, The House on Mango Street, when she was twenty-nine. The book tells about a young Mexican American girl growing up in a Spanish-speaking area in Chicago, much like the neighborhoods in which Cisneros lived as a child. The book won an award in 1985 and has been used in classes from high school through graduate school level. Since then, Cisneros has published several books of poetry, a children’s book, and a short-story collection.36. Which of the following is TRUE about Cisneros in her childhood?A. She had seven brothers.B. She felt herself a nobody.C. She was too shy to go to school.D. She did not have any good teachers.37. The graduate program gave Cisneros a chance to _____.A. work for a school magazineB. run away from her familyC. make a lot of friendsD. develop her writing style38. According to Cisneros, what played the decisive role in her success?A. Her early years in college.B. Her training in the Workshop.C. Her feeling of being different.D. Her childhood experience.39. What do we learn about The House on Mango Street?A. It is quite popular among students.B. It is the only book ever written by Cisneros.C. It wasn’t a success as it was written in Spanish.D. It won an award when Cisneros was twenty-nine.答案36.B 37.D 38.C 39.APassage 10(08·浙江A篇)Adrian’s “Amazing Race” star ted early when his parents realized that he, as a baby, couldn’t hear a thing, not even loud noises. In a special school for the hearing-impaired (听觉受损的)，he learned sign language and got to mix with other disabled children. However, the sight of all the disabled children communicating with one another upset his mother. She wanted him to lead a normal life. So after speaking to an advisor, she sent him to private classes where he learned to read lips and pronounce words.Later on, Adrian’s parents decided to send him to a regular school. But the headmaster tried to prevent them from doing so, saying regular schools couldn’t take care of a special needs student. His parents were determined to take the risk and pushed him hard to go through his work every day because they wanted to prove that, given the opportunity, he could do anything. Adrian made the grade and got accepted. It was a big challenge. The pace（节奏）was faster so he had to sit at the front of the class and really pay attention to the teacher, which wasn’t always easy. But he stuck to it and did a lot of extra work after school.The efforts made by Adrian and his parents paid off. Adrian graduated with good grades and got into a top high school. He also achieved a lot in life outside school. He developed a love for the outdoors and went to Nepal to climb mountains. He even entered the World Yacht Race 05/06—being the first hearing-impaired Asian to do so.But none of these achievements would have been possible without one of the most important lessons from his mother.“If you believe in yourself and work hard, you can achieve great results,”she often said.41. How did Adrian communicate with other children in the special school?A. By speaking.B. By using sign language.C. By reading lips.D. By making loud noises.42. Adrian’s parents decided to send him to a regular school because .A. they wanted him to live a normal lifeB. they wanted to prove the headmaster wrongC. he wouldn’t mix with other disabled childrenD. he wasn’t taken good care of in the special school43. How did Adrian finally succeed in his study?A. He did a lot of outdoor activities.B. He was pushed hard to study every day.C. He attended private classes after school.D. He worked very hard both in and after class.44. Why is Adrian’s life described as an “Amazing Race”?A. He did very well in his study.B. He succeeded in entering a regular school.C. He reached his goals in spite of his disability.D. He took part in the World Yacht Race 05/06.答案41.B 42.A 43.D 44.CPassage 11(08·福建A篇)After the Summer Olympics are over,when all the athletesand viewers have gone home and the television audience hasswitched off,another group of athletes and fans will arrive at thehost city,and another competition will begin.These are the Paralympics,the games for athletes with a disability.But in Beijing in 2008,for the first time,one of the greatest paralympians will not be taking part.She is a British athlete by the name of Tanni Grey-Thompson.Born with spina bifida（脊椎裂）which left her paralysed from the waist down,Tanni used a wheelchair from the age of 7.At first,she was not keen on sport,apart from horse riding,which gave her a sense of freedom.But in her teens,she started taking sports more seriously.She tried swimming,basketball and tennis.Eventually she found athletics, and never looked back.Indeed,Tanni’s athletic career took off.In 1984,when she was 15,she pulled off a surprise victory in the 100 metres at the Junior National Wheelchair Games.In 1988,Tanni went to her first Paralympic Games in Seoul.She won bronze in the 400 metres.Even greater success followed at the 1992 Barcelona Paralympics.Tanni won gold in the 100,200,400 and 800 metres relay,setting two world records in the process.In the same year she achieved the first of her six London Wheelchair Marathon victories.Tanni’s enduring success has been part motivation(动机），part preparation.“The training I do that enables me to be a good sprinter(短跑运动员）,enables me to be good at a marathon too.I train 50 weeks of the year and that keeps me prepared for whatever distance I went to race...I am still competing at a very high level,but as I get older things get harder and I want to retire before I fall apart.”Indeed Tanni retired finally after the Visa Paralympic World Cup in 2007.Her wish is to coach young athletes for Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.In spite of ups and downs,she never takes her fate lying down.In her splendid life,she has won an amazing eleven gold medals,four silvers and one bronze in a series of Paralympics—a top level athletic career covering two decades.She has won the London Wheelchair Marathon six times,more than any other competitor,and she has set over thirty world records.What advice does she have for young athletes?“Work hard at your studies,and then train,train and train again.”56.Which of the following sports did Tanni like before thirteen?A.Basketball.B.Swimming.C.Tennis.D.Horse riding.57.When did Tanni win her first Olympic gold medal?A.In 1984.B.In 1988.C.In 1992.D.In 2007.58.The underlined word “that”in the 5th paragraph refers to .A.fifty weeks’trainingB.being a good sprinterC.training almost every dayD.part motivation and part preparation59.What’s the right order of the events related to Tanni?a.She works as a coach.b.She took up athletics.c.She won four gold medals in Barcelona.d.She competed in her first Paralympic Games.e.She achieved a victory in her first London Wheelchair Marathon.A.b,d,c,e,aB.a,d,b,c,eC.a,d,c,e,bD.b,d,a,e,c60.What can we learn from Tanni’s success?。
高考阅读专题1-人物传记、故事类(含答案解析)
专题一、阅读理解之人物传记、故事类1.【2015·湖北卷】BWhat Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isn’t prerequisite for a moderngrow-your-own lifestyle. On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles, Loe and her family grow, can （装罐）and preserve much of the food they consume.Loe is a master food preserver, gardener and canning expert. She also operates a website, where she shares her tips and recipes, with the goal of demonstrating that every has the ability to control what’s on their plate.Loe initially went to school to become an engineer, but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food. “I got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs (香草) and foods for that fresh flavor,”she said. Engineer by day, Loe learned cooking at night school. She ultimately purchased a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.“I teach people how to live farm-fresh without a farm,” Loe said. Through her website Loe emphasizes that “anybody can do this anywhere.” Got an apartment with a balcony （阳台）? Plant some herbs. A window? Perfect spot for growing. Start with herbs, she recommends, because “they’re very forgiving.” Just a little of the herbs “can take your regular cooking to a whole new level,” she added. “I think it’s a great place to start.” “Then? Try growing something from a seed, she said, like a tomato or some tea.”Canning is a natural extension of the planting she does. With every planted food. Loe noted, there’s a moment when it’s bursting with its absolute peak flavor. “I try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar,” Loe said. “Canning for me is about knowing what’s in your food, knowing where it comes from.”In addition to being more in touch with the food she’s eating, another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children: “Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture,” she said, “that if we don’t take care of the earth, no will.”55.The underlined word “prerequisite” (Pare. 1) is closest in meaning to “____C__”.A. recipeB. substituteC. requirementD. challenge56.Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs? BA. They are used daily.B. They are easy to grow.C. They can grow very tallD. They can be eaten uncooked57.According to Loe, what is the benefit of canning her planted foods?AA. It can preserve their best flavorB. It can promote her online salesC. It can better her cooking skillsD. It can improve their nutrition58.What is the“the bigger picture” (Para. 6) that Loe wishes her children to understand? DA. The knowledge about good foodB. The way to live a grow-our-own lifeC. The joy of getting in touch with foodsD. The responsibility to protect our earth【考点定位】记叙文阅读【名师点睛】记叙文体裁特点是：人不离事,事不离人。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
实用类文学文本高考真题将军赋采薇戴安澜任第73旅旅长后，回顾多年对日作战的经验教训，认定要取得胜利必须依靠部属努力，而部属的旺盛士气来自他们的爱国热情．他犄意抄录民族英雄岳飞的《满江红》和文天祥的《过零丁洋》，印发给各级官兵背诵吟唱，激发大家精忠报国的爱国热忱。
为了抗战大业，戴安澜摒弃党派成见，团结爱国人士。
《自由报》记者宗祺仁前来采访，与他彻夜讨论时局。
探讨国共合作抗日的未来，两人很快成为莫逆之交。
这时有人提醒戴安澜，说宗是共产党，须多加提防。
他坦然答道：“现在是国共合作抗战．何防之有？宗是否共产党我不知道，我只知道他是新闻记者，写过许多真实感人的报道，有卓越的见解。
我们正缺少这样的爱国志士。
”几天后，他还把自己的军事著作交给宗供仁修改并题词。
太平洋战争爆发后，中国决定派远征军赴缅句对日作战。
当命令到达时，已升任第200师师长的戴安澜高唱《满江红》，并向官兵宣讲进诸葛亮远征的事迹，以“鞠躬尽弈．死而后已”的精神激励官兵．赴缅途中，他激情满怀，赋《远征》二首以明志。
其一云：“万里旌旗耀眼开，王师出境岛夷摧．扬鞭遥指花如许，诸葛前身今又来。
”其二云：“策马奔车走八荒，远征功业迈秦皇。
澄清宇宙安黎庶，先挽长弓射夕阳。
”入缅不久，日军主力迫近东瓜，军长杜聿明决定集中主力击溃日军．戴安澜立下誓言：“此次远征，系唐明以来扬国成之盛举，虽战至一兵一卒，也必死守东瓜。
”这时，英军突然撤走，我方援军未至，形势危急，戴安澜决心以身报国。
他宣布：“本师长立遣嘱在先：如果师长战死，以副师长代之；副师长战死，参谋长代之……以此类推，各级皆然。
”他给夫人王荷馨写了绝命家书：“余此次奉命固守东瓜，因上面大计未定，与后方联络过远，敌人行动又快，现在孤军奋斗，决以全部牺牲报国家养育。
为国家战死，事极光荣。
所念者，你们母子今后生活，当更痛苦。
望你珍重．并爱护诸儿，侍奉老母。
老父在皖，可不必呈闻。
”面对日军发动步兵、炮兵和空军联合进攻，狂轰滥炸，施放毒气，戴安澜率部同仇敌忾，顽强战斗，抗击四倍于己的日军长达十余日．中印缅战区美军司令兼中国战区统帅部参谋长史迪威表示：“近代立功异域，扬中华声威者，以戴将军为第一人。
”日本人战后回忆时也承认：“该部队自始至终战斗意志旺盛……虽是敌军，但令人佩服！自司令官饭田中将以下各将官无不赞叹其勇气。
”东瓜保卫战虽然给予日军沉重打击，但因盟军失利，缅北战局急转直下，腹背受敌的远征军被迫突围。
这时，英国要求远征军申请难民身份，以便英国军队收容。
戴安澜发誓：“我戴某人宁愿与日寇战死，绝不苟且偷生。
”于是率部进入缅北野人山，向祖国方向艰难跋涉。
就在部队到达离祖国最近的一条公路时，突遇日军伏击，他立即命令分散突围。
激战中，戴安澜胸腹中弹。
时值缅甸雨季，大雨滂沱，部队既要突破日军堵击，还需忍饥挨饿，穿越荒山密林，1942年5月26日，他们行至缅北茅邦村，戴安澜伤势恶化，以身殉国，年仅38岁。
弥留之际，参谋长问他下一步的行动路线，这时他已不能说话，手指地图，示意部队从莫洛过瑞丽江向北回国，又让人扶着他面向祖国注视许久，安然而逝。
戴安澜牺牲后，遗体由官兵抬回国内，渡过瑞丽江后，乃将遗体火化，骨灰装入小木箱，以马驮载。
这一情景感动了沿途民众，一位老华侨痛心地说：“寿材这么小，怎能配得上将军的英名与地位？”随即捐出自备的楠木寿材。
腾冲县长率全县父老乡亲20万人沿街跪迎将军灵车。
随后，国民政府追授戴安澜为陆军中将，美国总统罗斯福追授戴安澜懋绩勋章，国民政府在广西全州举办安葬仪式，中国领袖毛泽东派人送来挽诗：“外辱需人御，将军赋采薇。
师称机械化，勇夺虎罴威。
浴血东瓜守，驱倭棠吉归。
沙场竟殒命，壮志也无违。
”周恩来、朱德等也敬献挽词、挽联。
新中国成立后，中央人民政府追认戴安澜为革命烈士，并以毛泽东主席的名义向遗属颁发“革命牺牲军人家属光荣纪念证”。
（摘编自茅海建主编《国民党抗战殉国将领》等）相关链接①人我之际要看得平，平则不忮；功名之际要看得淡，淡则不求；生死之际要看得破，破则不惧。
人能不忮不求不俱，则无往而非乐境，而生气盎然矣。
（戴安澜赠部属各官长题词）②军人一般以彪悍为荣，但是戴安阑与众不同，他多才多艺，熟读文史，精通琴棋书画。
如果不是因为战乱和外敌入侵，他很有可能成为一位儒雅名士，但国家危难却把他的命运引上另外一条路。
（戴复东等《我们的父亲戴安澜》）(1)下列对材料有关内容的分析和概括，最恰当的两项是（5分）A．戴安澜自幼对岳飞的《满江红》、文天祥的《过零丁洋》等诗篇熟读成诵，常常手自笔录并吟唱，以此激发自己和官兵的爱国热忱。
B．在给夫人王荷馨的家书中，戴安澜表明了为国战死的决心，认为这是军人的极大光荣，唯一放心不下的，就是妻子儿女日后的生活。
C．面对形势急转直下、腹背受敌的困境，戴安澜坚决不同意要他申请难民身份以便英国军队收容的提议，奋而率部突围，与日寇死战。
D．戴安澜从缅甸“马革裹尸还”的情景，感动了沿途无数民众，有人献出楠木寿材抚慰英灵，也曾出现万人空巷跪迎灵车的盛况。
E．戴安澜临危受命，率第200师官兵驰援缅甸，固守东瓜，收复棠吉以浴血沙场、为国捐躯的壮举，谱写了抗日救国的新《采薇》。
(2)有人说《自由报》记者宗祺仁是共产党，提醒戴安湖多加提防，他却回答“何防之有”，这是为什么？请结合材料，分析戴安澜这样回答的理由。
（6分）(3)戴安澜率第200师赴缅途中，曾斌《远征》二首以明志。
诗中涉及哪些历史人物的事迹，又表达了什么志向？请结合材料，谈谈你的理解。
（6分）(4)作为著名的抗日爱国将领，戴安澜不仅深受国人爱戴，甚至连敌人也不得不佩服，其中必有内在原因。
请结合材料具体分析。
（8分）寻找属于自己的句子1942年夏，陈忠实出生在陕西农村，上中学时，陈忠实读赵树理的《三里湾》和柳青到的《创业史》，得到滋养，萌发了文学梦。
也许是好事多磨，1962年高中毕业后，他未能如愿上大学读中文系，这个20岁的青年，常常一个人坐在家乡的灞河边，想着文学，想着寻找属于自己的句子。
学科&网三年之后，陈忠实的散文《夜过流沙沟》在1965年3月8日的《西安晚报》文艺副刊上发表，他的文学生涯由此正式开始，但直到1979年小说《信任》获得全国优秀短篇小说奖，他才确立了文学上的自信。
他感觉自己不再是一个文学爱好者和业余作者了，是年9月25日，他加入中国作家协会。
又一个三年之后，陈忠实40岁，他的第一个短篇小说集《乡村》出版，赢得“小柳青”的名声，工作单位也换成陕西省作家协会，他终于是一名专业作家了。
随着年岁的增长和时代的变化，陈忠实越来越觉得要从赵树理、柳青的文学中剥离出来。
他将这个愿望写进了小说《蓝袍先生》中。
小说写于1985年，一个认知作者的标志性年份。
这年的最后10天，他随中国作家代表团出访泰国。
第一次走出国门的陈忠实特意置办了一套质地不错的西装。
当他第一次穿上西装打上领带站在穿衣镜前的时候，脑海里浮现出刚完成的小说的主人公蓝袍先生。
蓝袍先生多年以来一直穿着蓝色长袍，受到同学讥笑以后才脱下蓝袍，换上“列宁装”。
陈忠实认为那是摆脱封建残余桎梏、获得精神解放的象征。
脱下了几十年的中山装、换上西装的那一刻，他切实意识到自己就是蓝袍先生。
1985年的泰国之行让陈忠实深受刺激，他联想起家乡人自嘲的称呼。
相比那些见多识广的城市人，他们把自己称作“乡棒”。
游逛在曼谷的超市大楼，看着五颜六色、各式各样的服装，作家觉得眼花缭乱。
那一刻，他觉得不仅自己是“乡棒”，教他观察服装的北京作家郑万隆也是“乡棒”。
面对世界，1985年的中国人大都是“乡棒”。
他痛感自己需要从什么地方剥离出来，将自己彻底打开，不仅要在生活上打开自己，更重要的是要在思想上打开自己。
在剥离的愿望中，陈忠实认识到必须写一部史诗般的长篇小说，才能在文学上确立自己。
这时，各种新近阅读过的长篇小说萦绕心头，作家倍感困惑，又备受启发。
马尔克斯《百年孤独》的结构像网一样迷幻，王蒙《活动变人形》的结构自然随意，却俨然大手笔，张炜《古船》的结构完全不同，有一种精心设计的刻意……而结构背后似乎还有更深的东西。
陈忠实最终发现，不是作家先别出心裁弄出一个新颖骇俗的结构来，而是先要有对人物的深刻体验。
寻找到能够充分描写人物独特的生活和生命体验的恰当途径，结构方式自然就出现了。
恰巧此时兴起的“文化心理结构”学说给了他决定性的影响。
他相信，人的心理结构主要是由理念支撑的，而结构一旦形成，就会决定一个人的思想、道德和行为，决定一个人的性格和内核。
如果心理结构受到社会冲击，人就将遭遇深层的痛苦，乃至毁灭。
陈忠实感到自己终于从侍奉多年的“典型性格”说中剥离出来，仿佛悟得天机，茅塞顿开。
多年以后，作家回忆往事，认为自己就是在1985年开始重建自我，争取实现对生活的独特发现和独立表述的。
陈忠实后来寻找到了什么是人所共知的，1992年开始在《当代》杂志连载的长篇小说《白鹿原》已经成为我们的文学经典，他在中国当代文坛的位置也随之奠定。
此后，功成名就的作家继续在文学的园地里辛勤耕耘，寻找属于自己的句子。
2016年春天，陈忠实走了，属于陈忠实的句子永留人间。
（摘编自陈忠实《寻找属于自己的句子》、李清霞《陈忠实年表》等）相关链接①陈忠实的《白鹿原》是上世纪90年代中国长篇小说创作的重要收获之一，能够反映那一时期小说艺术所达到的最高水平，把这部作品放在整个20世纪中国文学的大格局里考量，无论就其思想容量还是就其审美境界而言，都有其独特的、无可取代的地位，即使与当代世纪小说创作中的那些著名作品比，《白鹿原》也应该说是独树一帜的。
（何西来《关于（白鹿原）及其评论》）②陈忠实常讲，创作到了一定阶段，不一定是拼生活、拼艺术，而是拼人格。
好一个拼人格！这正是作家自身博大的人格魅力的反应。
这就不难理解他最终被公认为描摹巨大民族悲剧的圣手，成为当代中国文学的大家之一。
（李满星《陈忠实：回首六十五载风雨人生》）（1）下列对材料有关内容的分析和概括，最恰当的两项是（5分）（）（）A. 赵树理《三里湾》和柳青《创业史》是陈忠实最初的文学营养，使他萌发了文学梦，后来则成为他创作上必须突破的对象。
B. 小说《信任》获得全国优秀短篇小说奖，使陈忠实在文学上确立了自信心，这是他从业余作者走向专业作家的重要转折。
C. 陈忠实认为“面对世界，1985年的中国人大都是‘乡棒’”，这与其说是他的一种觉悟，不如说是他受刺激后的错误判断。
D. 陈忠实善于学习前人并感知时代，不仅拼生活、拼艺术，而且拼人格，不断地提升思想境界，获得对人和生命的独特理解。
E.从发表第一篇作品到被人称为“小柳青”，再到被人称为“当代中国文学的大家”，陈忠实的整个文学生涯可谓一帆风顺。
（2）为什么说1985年是认知陈忠实的标志性年份？请结合材料简要概括。