2014年考研陕师大英语学科教学333真题(回忆版)及908题型
2014年北师大教育学333考研真题
凯程考研辅导班，中国最权威的考研辅导机构
第 1 页 共 1 页 2014年北师大教育学333考研真题
北京师范大学
2014 年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（回忆版）
院(系、所)：
科目代码:333 科目名称：333 教育学综合
（所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题纸或草稿纸上的一律无效）
2014 北师大 333 教育综合考研真题【完整版】
一、名词解释
教育
1、苏湖教法
2、进步主义教育
3、赫尔巴特的教育目的论
4、最近发展区
5、奥苏贝尔的有意义接受学习
二、简述
1、德育的基本途径
2、活动课程的主要特征
3、教师专业素养的主要内容
4、社会规范学习的心理过程
三、论述题
1、陶行知生活教育的主要内容
2、夸美纽斯关于班级授课制的基本观点
3、促进知识迁移的措施
4、教育的社会功能。
(完整word版)2014年教育硕士333教育综合历年真题(按学校整理全)
北京师范大学2013年333回忆一、名词解析1、京师大学堂2、三舍法3、美国《国家在危机中的报告》4、洛克的白板说5、心理健康6、学习动机二、简答题1、现代教育的主要特点2、学校教育的主要价值3、个人本位论的教育目的的观点4、教学的任务三、论述题1、蔡元培的基本思想2、根据材料分析杜威的教育思想3、德育原则的理论与实际相结合的原则4、有意义学习的实质与条件北京师范大学2012年333教育综合真题一、名词解释1.京师同文馆2.生活教育3.贝尔兰卡特制4.知识表征5.自我提高驱动力6.恩物二、简答题4道，每题10分1.教育的政治功能2.教育的基本目的的基本精神3.课程的多样性4.启发性教学原则三、论述题4道，每题20分1.试论孔子思想2.教育学原理的德育：论述德育过程是提高学生自我教育能力的过程。
4.材料：教育无目的论：（1）这个思想是谁提出的，请对这个人做简要介绍。
（2）这个材料的观点是什么？（3）他的其他理论有什么？北京师范大学2011年333教育综合真题一、名词解释：（6*5分）1.鸿都门学2.中体西用3.最近发展区4.元认知策略5.苏格拉底法6.道尔顿制二、简答：（4*10分）1.试评“环境决定论”2.学校教育中怎样培养学生创造力3.德育的疏导原则4.教育为什么要“以人为本”三、分析：（4*20分）1.蔡元培的“思想自由”“兼容并包”原则以及其对北大的改革2.教学原则中的科学性与思想性统一原则：指在教学中应该以马克思主义为指导，授予学生以科学知识，并结合知识教学对学生进行社会主义品德和正确的人生观和时间观的教育3.诊断性评价、形成性评价、终结性评价的内涵4.杜威教育思想华东师范大学2012年333教育综合真题一、名词解释1.学校管理2.学校教育3.心理发展4.人的发展5.课程6.学习动机二、简答题1.教师劳动的特点2.简述教育的社会制约性3.简述人文主义教育的特征4.简述科举制度的影响三、分析论述题1.中国古代书院的特点2.赫尔巴特的道德教育理论华东师范大学2012年333教育综合试卷（满分150分 ;总时间180分钟）一、名词解释（5'*6=30'）1、教育制度2、综合课程3、产婆术4、绅士教育5、六艺教育6、1922新学制二、简答题（10'*4=20'）1、教学模式的结构2、教师的专业素养3、举例说明道德教育的社会学习模式4、奥苏贝尔的先行组织者策略三、论述题（20'*4=80'）1、课程编制的泰勒理论2、卢梭自然主义教育及其影响3、五四期间新文化思想对教育改革的影响4、学习动机的培养和激发华东师范大学2011年333教育综合真题一、名词解释1.学校制度2.课程标准3.智育4.分组教学5.陶冶6.技能二、简述1.我国教育目的的基本精神2.上好一堂课的要求4.培养集体的方法三、论述1.人的发展的规律性及其教育学意义2.陶行知的生活教育理论3.赞可夫的发展性教学理论4.联系实际谈谈创造性的培养措施华东师范大学2011年教育综合真题一、名词解释：1.教育先行2.教育目的的社会本位论3.终身教育4.教师专业性发展5.最近发展区6.先行组织者二、简答：1.活动课程特点2.集体中教育原则3.陶行知“生活教育”4.人文主义教育特征三、论述：1.班级授课制优缺点及教学组织形式改革方向2.评述朱熹《师说》中的教师观3.评述赫尔巴特课程理论4.精细加工策略及其教学要求华东师范大学2010年332教育综合真题一、名词解释1.教育目的2.双轨制3.京师同文馆4.活教育5.骑士教育6.《莫雷尔法案》二、简答题1.举例说明螺旋式课程内容组织及其依据和适用性3.举例说明学校实施德育的途径4.简述埃里克森人格发展理论的教育意义三、论述题1.试分析学校转型变革背景下教师的基本素养2.阅读以下材料，分析和评论其中的教育思想虽有嘉肴，弗食不知其旨也；虽有至道，弗学不知其善也。
2014年考研陕西师范大学外语应用考研真题(回忆版)
1，基础英语，综合英语(717,817)
基础英语选择题今年全是考的词汇，自己感觉超过了专八难度。
每题2分，共15道题---考下来觉得很失落
完形填空，难度不大，主要考理解能力，每空1分，
阅读难度中等，每题2分
作文分两部分，带插图小作文不少于150字数，是关于Differences among CanadaEuropeAustralia Wheat Export
大作文关于Globalization & Total loss of cultural identity
综合英语
语言学
名词解释Sense Relation, Speech Act,
Design features of human language
Do you think it is okay to teach a second language in primary school?
翻译一篇关于Sapir&Wholf Culture& Language的段落并Comment
文学
名词解释Lake Poets, Fireside Poets,
Comment:
Charles Dickens, Sister Carrie, "Wast Land"
2, 法语(240)
填空题完全没按套路，往年所有常用语态都有，今年感觉让人摸不着头脑，感觉主要都是虚拟式。
选择题
阅读三个
翻译关于le temps libre
作文：Ma mere
3，政治
整体下来觉得主要把红宝书概念背诵即可，任汝芬三、四上面的选择题和分析题命中几乎没有，但是关于毛泽东和深化改革开放这两个知识点是点到了。
2014年陕西师范大学817综合考研试题
您所下载的资料来源于考研资料下载中心 获取更多考研资料，请访问2014年陕西师范大学817综合综合（（语言学语言学、、英美文学英美文学、、英汉互译）考研试题考研试题（（回忆版回忆版））语言学和应用语言学语言学和应用语言学 第一题第一题术语解释。
1.Lexeme2Cardinal Vowels3speech act4error analysis5Sense Relation第二道题第二道题是human language 的 design features. screw them，Design features of human language第三题第三题是你认为小学里面中国学生越早学习，越好吗，让你说个理由。
第四题第四题是“中学为体，西学为用”的观点嘛？让你说自己的stance. 第五题第五题一段Pinker 的一段语言学的citation，让你先翻译成汉语，再comment。
关于Sapir&Wholf Culture& Language 的段落英美文学英美文学 第一题第一题，术语解释。
1.Fireside poets2Lake poets,Harlem Renaissance第二题第二题，简答。
每题十分。
1.有为啥Leaves of Grass 是美国文学的milestone；2.Joyce 的characteristics；William Faulkner 的主要作品和特点 第三题第三题，就是三选一的。
1.第一个选题完全没印象，2.Charles Dickens and his artistic achievement,3Sister Carrie."Wast Land"以。
2014考研山大英语专业考研真题
对难度系数有所了解。
三.
改错
Determing how close theoriesapproximate the truth is day-to-day task of science.
四.完形填空
at the turn of,考了 at
五.翻译
翻译汉译英是山大的翻译老师在给山大学生上课时讲过的一段文字，讲黄山，原文是黄山
一.单项选
一共十个，每个一分。
第一题考了一个 steer，后面还有一个虚拟语气的考察，整体不难，专八的词汇足以应付。
二.阅读理解
四篇阅读，一篇五个题，一共二十分。
阅读的难度比 13 年要高，类似于专八的难度，有一篇应该是专八的原题，是讲照相的两种观点，
一种是轻视技术，以照相者为中心。另一种是重视技术的作用。希望大家能找到原题来做一做，
winner, we do not mean one who makessomeone else lose. To us, a winner is one who
responds authentically by beingcredible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both
答案在书上，很详细 （二）美国文学 一. 作品对应作家 要注意考试的顺序是不按照书上的年代顺序来的，是被打乱的，为了防止蒙题的 1.The Pathfinder—James Fenimore Cooper 2.The Confidence Man—Herman Melville 3.Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking—Walt Whitman 4.The Titan—Theodore Dreiser 5.Civil Disobedience—Henry David Thoreau 6.Tender is the Night—F. Scott. Fitzgerald 7.Go Down, Moses—William Faulkner 8.Look Homeward, Angle—Thomas Wolfe 9.The Call of the Wild—Jack London 10.想不起来了 二.Term 1.parody 2.imagism 三.辨认作品及分析 The Waste Land “The Burial of the Dead” “Unreal City Under the brown fog of a winter dawn, A crowd flowed over London Bridge, so many, I had not thought death had undone so many. ” 四.Make a commenton the love and the war in A Farewell toArms （三）英国文学 一.作品对应作家 1.Paradise Regained—John Milton 2.Jonathan Wild—Henry Fielding 3.Ode on a Grecian Urn—John Keats
陕西师范大学333教育综合考研真题精选
陕西师范大学333教育综合考研真题精选陕西师范大学333教育综合考研真题精选单选题（共18题，共18分）1.颜元主持的漳南书院性质上属于A.理学书院B.实学书院C.制艺书院D.考据书院2.在西方古代教育史上，提出教育目的在于实现个人的“灵魂转向”，主张“寓学习于游戏”、“学习即回忆”的教育家是A.苏格拉底B.柏拉图C.亚里士多德D.奥古斯丁3.在西方近代教育中，依据教育心理学化的理念，提出初等学校教育应该从最简单要素开始，以便循序渐进地促进人的和谐发展的教育家是A.洛克B.卢梭C.夸美纽斯D.裴斯泰洛齐4.建构主义学习观认为：学习具有主动建构性、社会互动性与（）A.能动性B.主体性C.可迁移性D.情境性5.“不愤不启，不悱不发”主要阐明的教学原则是（）A.启发式原则B.科学性原则C.理论联系实际原则D.巩固性原则6.提出教育心理学化思想，并将教育与生产劳动相结合的观念付诸实践，并据此提出要素教育，推动了初等学校教学法的程序化改革的教育家是( )A.赫尔巴特B.杜威C.福禄培尔D.裴斯泰洛齐7.奥苏伯尔所提出的学习有上位学习、下位学习和( )A.意义学习B.智慧学习C.机械学习D.并列结合学习8.国子学产生于下列哪个朝代？( )A.西晋B.东晋C.南朝D.北朝9.提出最近发展区的教育家是( )A.杜威B.维果茨基C.卢梭D.赫尔巴特10.奥苏伯尔将学习分为机械学习与（）A.意义学习B.策略学习C.概念学习D.技能学习11.我国最早规定义务教育阶段的学制是（）A.壬寅学制B.癸卯学制C.壬子癸卯学制D.壬戌学制12.综合实践活动课程的基本特征是：综合性、实践性、开放性、自主性和（）B.目的性C.生成性D.社会性13.我国中小学中常用的基本教学方法是（）A.讲授法B.演示法C.参观法D.练习法14.我国最早的教学理论著作是（）A.《大学》B.《论演说家的教育》C.《论语》D.《学记》15.提出灵魂转向，学习即回忆的哲学家是( )A.苏格拉底B.柏拉图C.亚里士多德D.卢梭16.奥苏伯尔提出的和机械学习相对应的学习是( )A.智慧学习B.意义学习D.下位学习17.我国首次提出义务教育的学制是( )A.壬寅学制B.癸卯学制C.壬子癸丑学制D.壬戌学制18.我国第一部论述教育、教学问题的著作是( )A.《论语》B.《学记》C.《大学》D.《中庸》判断题（共7题，共7分）19.教学是学校的首要工作。
2014年教育学考研统考真题完整版
2014年教育学考研统考真题完整版教育学作为一门研究教育现象、教育问题及其规律的社会科学，其考研统考真题对于广大考生来说具有重要的指导意义。
2014 年的教育学考研统考真题涵盖了教育学原理、中外教育史、教育心理学和教育研究方法等多个学科领域，全面考查了考生对教育学基础知识的掌握程度和运用能力。
在教育学原理部分，真题注重考查考生对教育基本概念、教育目的、教育制度等方面的理解。
例如，有一道题目要求考生阐述教育与社会发展的关系，这就需要考生能够清晰地分析教育在经济、政治、文化等方面所起到的作用以及社会发展对教育的影响。
还有题目涉及到课程理论和教学方法，要求考生对比不同的课程模式和教学策略，并分析其优缺点。
中外教育史部分的真题则涵盖了从古代到现代的教育发展历程。
中国教育史方面，可能会问到儒家教育思想的核心观点以及其在历史上的演变和影响。
外国教育史部分，可能会让考生分析古希腊教育与古罗马教育的差异，或者探讨近代西方教育制度的形成和发展。
教育心理学板块的题目通常会关注学习理论、动机理论、认知发展等方面。
比如，会让考生解释某种学习理论如何应用于实际教学中，或者分析学生学习动机的激发与维持策略。
这部分题目要求考生不仅要熟悉各种理论，还要能够将其与教育实践相结合。
教育研究方法是教育学考研中的重要组成部分。
真题可能会要求考生设计一个教育研究方案，包括研究问题的提出、研究方法的选择、数据收集与分析等环节。
也可能会给出一段研究资料，让考生进行解读和评价。
下面我们具体来看几道 2014 年的真题。
有一道教育学原理的题目是这样的：“请结合实际，谈谈教育如何促进人的全面发展。
”这道题首先要求考生对“人的全面发展”这一概念有清晰的理解，包括其内涵、要素等。
然后，考生需要结合现实中的教育现象和实践，从教育目标、课程设置、教学方法、教育评价等多个方面来阐述教育促进人的全面发展的途径和策略。
比如，在教育目标上，要注重培养学生的德智体美劳等多方面素质；在课程设置上，要实现学科融合，提供丰富多样的选修课程；在教学方法上，要采用启发式、探究式教学，激发学生的主动性和创造性；在教育评价上，要建立多元化的评价体系，不仅关注学生的学业成绩，还要重视学生的综合素质和个性发展。
陕西师范大学2014级硕士研究生英语期末考试题(A)
陕西师范大学2014级硕士研究生英语期末考试题（A）院系____________________________ 姓名___________________座位号____________ 班号______________ 学号___________________注意事项：1.请将答案直接做到机读卡和答题纸上。
2.本试题共13页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。
3.本课程为闭卷考试。
Non-English Major Graduate Student English TestTest Booklet试卷一Paper OnePart I Part I Listening Comprehension（15minutes, 15points）Section A (1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a third voice will ask a question about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.1. A. There aren’t enough supplies of fuel for the coming cold winter.B. No fuel is available.C. The cold weather has increased the demand for food.D. They are inexperienced in dealing with a severe winter.2. A. He loves his present job.. B. He is to open a store.C. He is about to retire.D. He works in a repair shop.3. A. To cancel his trip.B. To go to bed early.C. To catch a later flight.D. To ask for a wake-up call.4. A. Right now.B. In the physics class.C. After the class.D. In the afternoon.5. A. She will do her best if the job is worth doing.B. She prefers a life of continued exploration.C. She will stick to the job if they pay is good.D. She doesn’t think much of job-hopping.6. A. He dislikes food from the snack bar.B. He doesn’t need anything.C. He asks the woman to buy a newspaper for him.D. He will go with the woman and hand in his term paper.7. A. $120.B. $ 180.C. $ 90.D. $ 40.8. A. They should take the train instead.B. They have to drive Shanghai for economic reason.C. They’d better drive faster.D. Their watches are too expensive.9. A. The doctor and the patient.B. The mother and the son.C. The customer and the waiter.D.The teacher and the student.Section B (1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear three short passages. At the end of each passage, there will be some questions. Both the passage s and the questions will be read to you only once. After each questions there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.10. A. Because many young people have moved into comfortable apartments.B. Because many old houses in the bad part of the town are not inhabited.C. Because many older people sell their houses after children leave.D. Because many people have quit their old houses to build new ones.11. A. They have to do their own maintenance.B. They have to furnish their own houses.C. They will find it difficult to make the rest of the payment.D. They will find it difficult to dispose of their old style furniture.12. A. 160,000.B. 320,000.C. 15,000.D. 30,000.13. A. Due to heat-waves.B. Due to scorching summer.C. Due to mosquitoes.D. Due to warmer temperatures, droughts and floods.14. A. They are usually cleverer.B. They get tired easily.C. They are more likely to make minor mental errors.D. They are more skillful in handling equipment.15. A. Their lack of concentration resulting from mental stress.B. The lack of consideration for them in equipment design.C. The probability of their getting excited easily.D. Their slowness in responding.Part II Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.16. Evidence, reference, and footnotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice toa full range of different theoretical and political positions.A. meticulousB.trustworthyC. intelligentD.diligent17. He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional roles such as cooking or taking care of thebaby.A. depictB. advocateC. criticizeD. analyze18. They achieved more than they had ever dreamed, lending a magic to their family story that no tale or ordinary lifecould possibly rival.A. confirmB. achieveC. matchD. exaggerate19. The most urgent thing is to find a dump for those toxic industrial wastes.A. imminentB. recyclableC. smellyD. poisonous20. British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would not be fired without an attempt to win afurther U.N. sanction.A. alliesB. delegatesC. votersD. juries21. The analysis suggests that the trade off between our children’s college and our own retirement security is chilling.A. frighteningB. promisingC. freezingD. revealing22. Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British Crown.A. secret planB. bold attackC. clever designD. joint effort23. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for top flight staff, travel, andtelevision commercials.A. potentlyB. sympatheticallyC. generouslyD. unconditionally24. The indignant passengers on the trolley-bus beat the pickpocket black and blue when they caught him.A. impatientB. tolerantC. crudeD. irate25. Except for coarse earthen-wares, which can be made from clay as it is found in the earth, pottery is made fromspecial clays plus other materials mixed to achieve the desired results.A. conventionalB. uniqueC. genuineD. crudeSection B (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted.Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence.26. Studies on film consumers had indicated teenage audience as a prime market, with the result that Hollywoodfilmmakers __________ catered to that market, sometimes at the expense of adult fare.A. obedientlyB. operaticallyC. obsessivelyD. outrageously27. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympicssomehow encourages ________patriotism.A. obsoleteB. aggressiveC. harmoniousD. amiable28. One can understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and ________ toexpressed thoughts.A. dilemmasB. countenancesC. concessionsD. junctions29. People innately ________ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lustfor power.A. striveB. ascertainC. justifyD. adhere30. According to the latest report, consumer confidence ________ a breathtaking 15 points last month, to its lowest levelin 9 years.A. soaredB. mutatedC. plummetedD. fluctuated31. Melissa is a computer ________ that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around theworld.A. geniusB. virusC. diseaseD. bacteria32. The ________ emphasis on examinations is by far the worst form of competition in schools.A. negligentB. edibleC. fabulousD. disproportionate33. The boy seemed more ________ to their poverty after seeing how his grandparents lived.A. reconciledB. consolidatedC. deterioratedD. attributed34. During his two-month stay in China, Tom never ________ a chance to practice his Chinese.A. passed onB. passed upC. passed byD. passed out35. When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ________ can be distributed.A. paradoxesB. legaciesC. platitudesD. analogiesPart III Cloze (10 minutes, 10points)Directions: Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one item of suitable word(s) marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word(s) you have chosen with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. (36)____ the turn of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent (37)____ of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was (38)______,or by whom. But it began to be (39)_____ in the early 1900s. Jazz is America’s contribution to(40)______ music. In contrast to classical music, which (41)______ formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free form. It bubbles with energy, (42)______ the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz (43)______like America, and (44)_____ it does today. The (45)______ of this music are as interesting as the music(46)______. American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz (47)______. They were brought to Southern States (48)______ slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long (49)______.When a Negro died, his friend and relatives (50)______ a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the (51)_______.On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. (52)_______ on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their (53)______, but the living were glad to belive.The band played (54)_______ music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes (55)______ at the funeral.This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form ofjazz.36. A. By B. At C. In D. On37. A. music B. song C. melody D. style38. A. discovered B. acted C. invented D. designed39. A. noticed B. found C. listened D. heard40. A. classical B. sacred C. popular D. light41. A. forms B. follows C. approaches D. introduces42. A. expressing B. explaining C. exposing D. illustrating43. A. appeared B. felt C. seemed D. sounded44. A. does B. did C. do D. sounds45. A. origins B. originals C. discoveries D. resources46. A. concerned B. itself C. available D. oneself47. A. players B. followers C. fans D. pioneers48. A. for B. as C. with D. by49. A. months B. weeks C. hours D. times50. A. demonstrated B. composed C. hosted D. formed51. A. demonstration B. procession C. body D. march52. A. Even B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. But53. A. number B. members C .body D. relations54. A. sad B. solemn C. happy D. funeral55. A. whistled B. sung C. presented D. showedPart IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points)Directions: In this part of the test, there are six short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully and then the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D, and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.Passage oneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.There is a difference between scienceand technology. Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for implementing the finding of science. Another distinction between scienceand technology has to do with the progress in each.Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to comprehend the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy and certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people's likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discovermay shockor anger people —as did Darwin’s theory of evolution. But even an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of refusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology: we do not have the choice of refusing to hear the sonic boom produced by a supersonic aircraft flying overhead; we do not have the option of refusing to breathe polluted air; and we do not have the option of living in a non-atomic age. Unlike science, progress in technology must be measured in terms of the humanfactor. Technology must be our slave and not the reverse. The legitimate purpose of technology is to serve people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themselves.We are all familiar with the abuses of technology. Many people blame technology itself for widespread pollution, resource depletion and even social decay in general —so much so that the promise of technology is obscured. That promise is a cleaner and healthier world. If wise application of science and technology do not lead to a better world, what else will?56. The difference between science and technology lies in that _____.A. the former provides answers to theoretical questions while the latter to practical problemsB. the former seeks to comprehend the universe while the latter helps change the material worldC. the former aims to discoverthe inter-connections of facts and the rules that explain them while the latter, to discover new designs and ways of making the things we use in our daily lifeD. all of the above57. Which of the following may be representative of science?A. The origin of the species.B. The theory of evolution.C. Farming tools.D. Mass production.58. According to the author, scientific theories _____.A. must be strictly objectiveB. usually take into consideration people’s likes and dislikesC. should conform to popular opinionsD. always appear in perfect and finished forms59. The author states that technology itself _____.A. is responsible for widespread pollution and resource exhaustionB. should serve those who wish to gain advantage for themselvesC. will lead to a better world if put to wise useD. will inevitably be for bad purpose60. What is the suitable title for this passage?A. Science and TechnologyB. Difference Between Science and Technology.C. Science —the way to comprehend the universe.D. Technology —Discovering New Designs.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Since its foundation in 1954, the United Nations has written into its major covenants(契约) the need to establish minimum ages for marriage. But the custom of marriage is a highly sensitive cultural issue, mainly because it is so unpleasantly involved with women’s rights and societal traditions and practices, and rules on marriage vary widely between countries. Some countries, particularly in West Africa, still do not have a legal minimum age for marriage.In the West, a 13-year-old is still considered a child. Even getting married in one’s late teens is not usually encouraged because marr ied life is likely to interfere with a young woman’s education and consequently restrict opportunities in later life. And there are also physical dangers in giving birth so young. The World Health Organization has over the past ten years identified early childbirth as a major cause of female mortality in many countries.Under Islamic religious law, the age of consent for sex and marriage is puberty, which Muslims say is in harmony with the biological transition from childhood into adulthood. In Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iran and Pakistan, the age of puberty at around 13 or 14 is the legal age for marriage, but in Turkey it is 15, and in Egypt and Tunisia, 18 the same minimum age as in many Western countries. It is argued that by allowing earlier marriages, Islamic law is promoting stable relationships, while Western laws are encouraging promiscuity among young people.In many countries, the trends of urbanization and education for girls have seen a drop in the number of child brides. However, early marriages continue to occur in poor rural areas, where society works very much on personal arrangement between familie s, villages and communities. And it doesn’t only happen in countries which don’t have a legal minimum age. In India, for example, the legal age of marriage for a girl is 18 and to a boy, 21. Yet, according to government statistics, 18 percent of ten to fourteen-year old girls in the poor, rural state of Rajasthan in the northwest of the country are married. There are obvious social and economical advantages for doing this: by marrying off their daughters early, families no longer have to provide for them ; and the younger the bride the smaller the dowry, or wedding price, demanded by the groom’s family.It is clear, then, that child marriages are connected with poverty, lack of education and rural customs such as dowries; there don’t tend to be any child marriages in urban or rich areas. So, unless these real causes are addressed, it will be extremely hard to enforce change, even when change is dictated by a country’s governing body.61. What is the topic of this passage?A.Child brides.B. Early marriages.C. Minimum age for marriage.D. Different attitudes towards early marriages.62. The word ―promiscuity‖(Para. 3) means__________.A. unstable partnershipB. firm partnershipC. diverse relationshipD. single relationship63. __________is likely to marry late.A. Women from less educated backgroundB. Women from rural areasC. Women from Islamic countriesD. Women from cities64. Child marriages are NOT related to __________according to the passage.A. social positionB. rural customsC. personal arrangementsD. religion65. According to the passage, getting married early does all of the following EXCEPT__________.A. reducing a young woman’s educationB. limiting a young woman’s chancesC. causing infant deathD. doing harm to a young woman’s healthB.Passage ThreeQuestions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage.Tracking down cybercriminals who steal credit card numbers, transfer money from other people’s accounts, or e-mail viruses around the world takes a knowledge of the technology used to commit the crimes. Instead of using fingerprints or following suspects, government agents painstakingly sort out the mess of numbers and symbols and letters that can lead them back through the computer system to the cybercriminals.One such investigation led to the arrest of the man accused of sending the extremely dangerous Melissa virus, a computer virus that destroyed files in computers around the world in the spring of 1999. The agents received help from online service technicians, software experts, and a computer-science student. All helped to trace the complex pathways of the virus back to the telephone line and computer of the man who released it.In another case, agents worked for two years to catch a cybercriminal who was, among other offenses, stealing credit card numbers. Agents found him by tracing a path from a computer he broke into to the mobile telephone he had used, which led to his address—and arrest.The government agents are also working to block cybercriminals who could cut off power and confuse telephone companies. ―Think of the consequences if the power went out for a week—not in just one town or city but down the whole East Coast,‖ says Michael Vatis, an FBI agent. From TVs to hospital equipment, all woul d fail.Makaveli and TooShort were arrested for the charges of breaking into computers. They were given probation, required to perform community service, and prevented from having home computers with modems. Punishment for adults can be more severe and usually includes some jail time.Most people use their computers legally. For the few who don’t, however, cyberpolice and better security systems will make it harder for cybercriminals to get away with their crimes.66. Which of the following can help government agents catch cybercriminals?A. Numbers, symbols and letters.B. Credit card numbers.C. Suspects’ fingerprints.D. The technology used to commit the crimes.67. Why was the Melissa virus extremely dangerous?A. Technicians, experts, and a student were involved.B. Because it destroyed computer files on the world scale.C. Telephone companies were confused.D. The power in the government building was cut off.68. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. The author warns hackers of getting away from committing cybercrimes.B. The author complains about cybercrimes.C. The author suggests hackers not to commit cybersrimes.D. The author commands that hackers must stop committing cybercrims.69. What does the FBI agent say about the consequence of a computer crime?A. There would beno more television programs to watch.B. A city would be no more thrown into darkness.C. Power would be out down the East Coast for a week.D. Many telephone companies would go bankrupt.70. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way of punishing the cybercriminals?A. Being put into prison.B. Sentenced to death.C. Not being allowed to own computers with modems at home.D. Doing something for the company.Passage FourQuestions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage.There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark’s I. Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.71. This selection can best be titled__________.A. Measuring Your IntelligenceB. Intelligence and EnvironmentC. The Case of Peter and MarkD. How the Brain Influences Intelligence72. The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that _______.A. human brains differ considerablyB. the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligenceC. environment is crucial in determining a person’s intelligenceD. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence73. According to the passage, the average I. Q. is_______.A. 85 .B. 100C. 110D. 12574. The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that_______.A. individuals with identical brains seldom test at the same levelB. an individual’s intelligence is determined only by his environmentC. lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenceD. changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain75. This passage suggests that an individual’s I. Q. _______.A. can be predicted at birthB. stays the same throughout his lifeC. can be increased by educationD. is determined by his childhoodPassage FiveQuestions 76 to 80 are based on the following passage.A lot of animals are afraid during an eclipse1 of the sun. Birds stop singing. Sometimes people too are afraid. Astronomers2 know the dates of eclipses and they are not afraid. The old astronomers of Babylon and Egypt had no telescopes3; but the sky in those countries is usually clear, and so they could watch the stars easily. They studied everything in the sky and they also noticed both total and partial eclipses.Because they knew the dates of eclipses, they had great power. People believed that the sky was important. They believed that an eclipse could kill a man.About 2500 years ago there was a very long war. One battle followed another, and the end never came. During one of the battles, there was a partial eclipse of the sun. The day got very dark, and the soldiers on both sides were filled with fear. They believed that the gods were angry. So they stopped fighting，and ended their long war.The sun is a star. It appears to be bigger than any other star. That is because it is near us; but the other stars are far away. The sun shines because it is very hot，but the moon shines because it reflects the sun's light. It is like a big mirror. If we visited the moon，we should see the earth. It is also like a mirror and it reflects the light of the sun.Does the sun ever get dark during the day? It does so when the moon hides it. Sometimes the moon goes in front of the sun. We can watch its edge when it slowly crosses the sun's disc5. Everything gets darker and darker; then，at last，we cannot see any part of the sun's disc. The moon is hiding it completely. That is a total eclipse of the sun; sometimes only part of the sun's disc is hidden; that is not a total eclipse. It is a partial eclipse of the sun.76. The passage is mainly about________.A. the old astronomersB.eclipse of the sunC. the eclipses in Babylon and EgyptD. the correlation between the sun and the earth77. We can conclude from the passage that_______.A.all people are afraid of eclipse of the sunB.the old astronomers could watch the stars easily with telescopesC.the old astronomers had mo interest in the skyD.the date of eclipse could be forecast78. The war mentioned in the third paragraph ended because________.A.the astronomers used their great power to stop itB.an eclipse killed the soldiers on both sidesC.the war took so long time that the soldiers felt tiredD.a partial eclipse of the sun happened during one of the battles79. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.The sun is very hot because it shines.B.The moon can shine because it is a star.C. Other stars appear to be smaller than the sun because they are far away.D. The earth cannot reflect the light of the sun because it isn’t a real mirror.80. It can be concluded that an eclipse of the sun happens because________.A. the moon passes between the sun and the earthB. the sun gets dark during the dayC. the earth’s shadow falls on the moonD. no light from the sun can reach the moonPassage SixQuestions 81 to 85 are based on the following passage.The tourist trade is booming. With all this coming and going, you’d expect greater understanding to develop between the nations of the world. Not a bit of it! Superb systems of communication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visit each other’s countries at a moderate cost. What was once the―grand tou r‖, reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybody’s grasp. The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at. Modern travelers enjoy a level of comfort which the lords and ladies on grand tours in the old days couldn’t have dreamed of. But what's the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations of the world remain basically ignorant of each other?Many tourist organizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population. The modern tourist leads a cosseted, sheltered life. He lives at international hotels, where he eats his international food and sips his international drink while he gazes at the natives from a distance. Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored. The tourist is allowed to see only what the organizers want him to see and no more. A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language is always a barrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way. At its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization. The summer quarters of the inhabitants of the cite universitaire: are temporarily reestablished on the island of Corfu. Blackpool is recreated at Torremolinos where the traveler goes not to eat paella, but fish and chips.The sad thing about this situation is that i t leads to the persistence of national stereotypes. We don’t see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to believe they are. You can test this for yourself. Take five nationalities, say, French, German, English, American and Italian. Now in your mind, match them with these five adjectives: musical, amorous, cold, pedantic, native. Far from providing us with any insight into the national characteristics of the peoples just mentioned, these adjectives actually act as barriers. So when you set out on your travels, the only characteristics you notice are those which confirm your preconceptions. You come away with the highly unoriginal and inaccurate impression that, say, ―Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites‖ of that ―Latin peoples shout a lot‖. You only have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful national stereotypes are. But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you?Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous. Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic fact—how trite it sounds! – that all people are human. We are all similar to each other and at the same time all unique.。
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2014年考研陕师大英语学科教学333真题（回忆版）及908题型
一、教育综合题型：
1、名词解释6个/30分
教育的劳动起源论学制校本课程班级授课制教育先行发现学习
2、填空题10个/20分
（1）普通教育学作者（2）影响成长的因素（3）品德发展的几个过程（4）西方历史上第一个提出按年龄阶段教学的教育家是谁（5）研究学习的过程（6）皮亚杰认知发展的阶段（7）博学之，审问之，慎思之，明辩之，督行之，出自哪本儒家著作（8）夸美纽斯的教学原则（9）也是个关于讨论学习之类的过程阶段，具体记不清了（10）大家补充，实在记不起了
3、简答题5个/50分
（1）如何激发学生的学习动机？
（2）我国中小学具有特色的教学模式有哪些？
（3）百日维新中的教育改革措施
（4）教师职业的特点
（5）如何运用讲授法讲课
4、论述题2个/50分
（1）述评课程改革目标
（2）教育如何发挥它的社会发展功能
二、顺便说下908真题题型
1、四篇阅读最后（两篇是判断题）
2、选词填空（一篇文章有20个空）20分
3、英译汉汉译英
4、英语教学法20分
（1）TBLT是什么
（2）inductive method在gramma teaching里的运用（3）一个好作家在pre-writing里做什么
（4）影响pronunciation的因素
（5）the role of first language in audioligual teaching
5、作文explain the reason why people develop the tendency that shopping on line。