Chapter8 Guarantees and Standby Letters of Credit

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(完整版)财务管理CHAPTER8

CHAPTER 8Stock Valuation II. CONCEPTSVALUATION OF ZERO GROWTH STOCKc 26. The James River Co. pays an annual dividend of $1.50 per share on its common stock.This dividend amount has been constant for the past 15 years and is expected to remainconstant. Given this, one share of James River Co. stock:a. is basically worthless as it offers no growth potential.b. has a market value equal to the present value of $1.50 paid one year from today.c. is valued as if the dividend paid is a perpetuity.d. is valued with an assumed growth rate of 3 percent.e. has a market value of $15.00.VALUATION OF ZERO GROWTH STOCKe 27. The common stock of the Kenwith Co. pays a constant annual dividend. Thus, themarket price of Kenwith stock will:a. also remain constant.b. increase over time.c. decrease over time.d. increase when the market rate of return increases.e. decrease when the market rate of return increases.DIVIDEND YIELD VS. CAPITAL GAINS YIELDc 28. The Koster Co. currently pays an annual dividend of $1.00 and plans on increasingthat amount by 5 percent each year. The Keyser Co. currently pays an annualdividend of $1.00 and plans on increasing their dividend by 3 percent annually.Given this, it can be stated with certainty that the _____ of the Koster Co. stock isgreater than the _____ of the Keyser Co. stock.a. market price; market priceb. dividend yield; dividend yieldc. rate of capital gain; rate of capital gaind. total return; total returne. capital gains; dividend yieldDIVIDEND GROWTH MODELd 29. The dividend growth model:I. assumes that dividends increase at a constant rate forever.II. can be used to compute a stock price at any point of time.III. states that the market price of a stock is only affected by the amount of the dividend.IV. considers capital gains but ignores the dividend yield.a. I onlyb. II onlyc. IIIand IV onlyd. I and II onlye. I, II, and III onlyDIVIDEND GROWTH MODELb 30. The underlying assumption of the dividend growth model is that a stock is worth:a. the same amount to every investor regardless of their desired rate of return.b. the present value of the future income which the stock generates.c. an amount computed as the next annual dividend divided by the market rate ofreturn.d. the same amount as any other stock that pays the same current dividend and has thesame required rate of return.e. an amount computed as the next annual dividend divided by the required rate ofreturn.DIVIDEND GROWTH MODELc 31. Assume that you are using the dividend growth model to value stocks. If you expectthe market rate of return to increase across the board on all equity securities, thenyou should also expect the:a. market values of all stocks to increase, all else constant.b. market values of all stocks to remain constant as the dividend growth will offset theincrease in the market rate.c. market values of all stocks to decrease, all else constant.d. stocks that do not pay dividends to decrease in price while the dividend-payingstocks maintain a constant price.e. dividend growth rates to increase to offset this change.NONCONSTANT GROWTHc 32. Latcher’s Inc. is a relatively new firm that is still in a period of rapid development. Thecompany plans on retaining all of its earnings for the next six years. Seven years fromnow, the company projects paying an annual dividend of $.25 a share and thenincreasing that amount by 3 percent annually thereafter. To value this stock as oftoday, you would most likely determine the value of the stock _____ years fromtoday before determining today’s value.a. 4b. 5c. 6d. 7e. 8NONCONSTANT GROWTHd 33. The Robert Phillips Co. currently pays no dividend. The company is anticipatingdividends of $0, $0, $0, $.10, $.20, and $.30 over the next 6 years, respectively. Afterthat, the company anticipates increasing the dividend by 4 percent annually. The firststep in computing the value of this stock today, is to compute the value of the stock inyear:a. 3.b. 4.c. 5.d. 6.e. 7.SUPERNORMAL GROWTHb 34. Supernormal growth refers to a firm that increases its dividend by:a. three or more percent per year.b. a rate which is most likely not sustainable over an extended period of time.c. a constant rate of 2 or more percent per year.d. $.10 or more per year.e. an amount in excess of $.10 a year.DIVIDEND YIELD AND CAPITAL GAINSe 35. The total rate of return earned on a stock is comprised of which two of thefollowing?I. current yieldII. yield to maturityIII. dividend yieldIV. capital gains yielda. I and II onlyb. I and IV onlyc. II and III onlyd. II and IV onlye. IIIand IV onlyDIVIDEND YIELDc 36. The total rate of return on a stock can be positive even when the price of the stockdepreciates because of the:a. capital appreciation.b. interest yield.c. dividend yield.d. supernormal growth.e. real rate of return.DIVIDEND YIELD AND CAPITAL GAINSc 37. Fred Flintlock wants to earn a total of 10 percent on his investments. He recentlypurchased shares of ABC stock at a price of $20 a share. The stock pays a $1 a yeardividend. The price of ABC stock needs to _____ if Fred is to achieve his 10percent rate of return.a. remain constantb. decrease by 5 percentc. increase by 5 percentd. increase by 10 percente. increase by 15 percentDIVIDEND GROWTH MODELd 38. Which one of the following correctly defines the dividend growth model?a. P0 = D0 (R-g)b. D = P0⨯ (R-g)c. R = (P0÷ D0) + gd. R = (D1÷ P0) + ge. P0 = (D1÷ R) + gSHAREHOLDER RIGHTSa 39. Shareholders generally have the right to:I. elect the corporate directors.II. select the senior management of the firm.III. elect the chief executive officer (CEO).IV. elect the chief operating officer (COO).a. I onlyb. I and III onlyc. II onlyd. I and II onlye. IIIand IV onlyCUMULATIVE VOTINGc 40. Jack owns 35 shares of stock in Beta, Inc. and wants to exercise as much control aspossible over the company. Beta, Inc. has a total of 100 shares of stock outstanding.Each share receives one vote. Presently, the company is voting to elect two newdirectors. Which one of the following statements must be true given thisinformation?a. If straight voting applies, Jack is assured one seat on the board.b. If straight voting applies, Jack can control both open seats.c. If cumulative voting applies, Jack is assured one seat on the board.d. If cumulative voting applies, Jack can control both open seats.e. Regardless of the type of voting employed, Jack does not own enough shares tocontrol any of the seats.STRAIGHT VOTINGa 41. ABC Co. is owned by a group of shareholders who all vote independently and whoall want personal control over the firm. If straight voting is utilized, a shareholder:a. must either own enough shares to totally control the elections or else he/she has nocontrol whatsoever.b. will be able to elect at least one director as long as there are at least three openpositions and the shareholder owns at least 25 percent plus one of the outstandingshares.c. must own at least two-thirds of the shares, plus one, to exercise control over theelections.d. is only permitted to elect one director, regardless of the number of shares owned.e. who owns more shares than anyone else, regardless of the number of shares owned,will control the elections.PROXY VOTINGe 42. The Zilo Corp. has 1,000 shareholders and is preparing to elect three new boardmembers. You do not own enough shares to control the elections but aredetermined to oust the current leadership. The most likely result of this situation isa:a. negotiated settlement where you are granted control over one of the three openpositions.b. legal battle for control of the firm based on your discontent as an individualshareholder.c. arbitrated settlement whereby you are granted control over one of the three openpositions.d. total loss of power for you since you are a minority shareholder.e. proxy fight for control of the firm.SHAREHOLDER RIGHTSe 43. Common stock shareholders are generally granted rights which include the right to:I. share in company profits.II. vote for company directors.III. vote on proposed mergers.IV. residual assets in a liquidation.a. I and II onlyb. II and III onlyc. I and IV onlyd. I, II, and IV onlye. I, II, III, and IVDIVIDENDSe 44. The Scott Co. has a general dividend policy whereby they pay a constant annualdividend of $1 per share of common stock. The firm has 1,000 shares of stockoutstanding. The company:a. must always show a current liability of $1,000 for dividends payable.b. is obligated to continue paying $1 per share per year.c. will be declared in default and can face bankruptcy if they do not pay $1 per year toeach shareholder on a timely basis.d. has a liability which must be paid at a later date should the company miss paying anannual dividend payment.e. must still declare each dividend before it becomes an actual company liability.DIVIDENDSb 45. The dividends paid by a corporation:I. to an individual become taxable income of that individual.II. reduce the taxable income of the corporation.III. are declared by the chief financial officer of the corporation.IV. to another corporation may or may not represent taxable income to the recipient.a. I onlyb. I and IV onlyc. II and III onlyd. I, II, and IV onlye. I, III, and IV onlyPREFERRED STOCKa 46. The owner of preferred stock:a. is entitled to a distribution of income prior to the common shareholders.b. has the right to veto the outcome of an election held by the common shareholders.c. has the right to declare the company bankrupt whenever there are insufficient funds topay dividends to the common shareholders.d. receives tax-free dividends if they are an individual and own more than 20 percent ofthe outstanding preferred shares.e. has the right to collect payment on any unpaid dividends as long as the stock isnoncumulative preferred.PREFERRED STOCKb 47. A 6 percent preferred stock pays _____ a year in dividends per share.a. $3b. $6c. $12d. $30e. $60PREFERRED STOCKe 48. Which one of the following statements concerning preferred stock is correct?a. Unpaid preferred dividends are a liability of the firm.b. Preferred dividends must be paid quarterly provided the firm has net income thatexceeds the amount of the quarterly dividend.c. Preferred dividends must be paid timely each quarter or the unpaid dividends startaccruing interest.d. All unpaid dividends on preferred stock, regardless of the type of preferred, must bepaid before any income can be distributed to common shareholders.e. Preferred shareholders may be granted voting rights and seats on the board ifpreferred dividend payments remain unpaid.PREFERRED STOCKe 49. In a liquidation, each share of 5 percent preferred stock is generally entitled to aliquidation payment of _____ as long as there are sufficient funds available.a. $1b. $5c. $10d. $50e. $100QUARTERLY INCOME PREFERRED SECURITIESb 50. Quarterly income preferred securities distribute payments to investors which are:I. taxed like interest income for tax purposes if the income recipient is an individual.II. excluded from the taxable income of any individual recipient.III. distributed from the after-tax income of the corporation.IV. tax deductible to the corporation.a. I and III onlyb. I and IV onlyc. II and III onlyd. II and IV onlye. II onlyPRIMARY MARKETd 51. Which one of the following transactions occurs in the primary market?a. the sale of ABC stock by Fred Jones to Mary Smithb. the tax-free gift of DEF stock to Heather by Jenniferc. the repurchase of GHI stock from Tim by GHId. the initial sale of JKL stock by JKL to Jamiee. the transfer of MNO stock from Tom to his son, JonDEALERS AND BROKERSd 52. Which one of the following statements concerning dealers and brokers is correct?a. A dealer in market securities arranges sales between buyers and sellers for a fee.b. A dealer in market securities pays the asked price when purchasing securities.c. A broker in market securities earns income in the form of a bid-ask spread.d. A broker does not take ownership of the securities being traded.e. A broker deals solely in the primary market.NEW YORK STOCK EXHANGEa 53. Technically, the actual owners of the New York Stock Exchange are its:a. members.b. specialists.c. dealers.d. floor brokers.e. commission brokers.FLOOR BROKERSd 54. Which one of the following players on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange canbe likened to part-time help in that they are called to duty only when others are fullyemployed?a. floor traderb. specialistc. dealerd. floor brokere. commission brokerSPECIALIST’S POSTb 55. The post is a stationary position on the floor of the New York Stock Exchangewhere a _____ is assigned to work.a. floor traderb. specialistc. dealerd. floor brokere. commission brokerSTOCK MARKET REPORTINGd 56. The closing price of a stock is quoted at 22.87, with a P/E of 26 and a net change of1.42. Based on this information, which one of the following statements is correct?a. The closing price on the previous day was $1.42 higher than today’s closing price.b. A dealer will buy the stock at $22.87 and sell it at $26 a share.c. The stock increased in value between yesterday’s close and today’s close by$.0142.d. The earnings per share are equal to 1/26th of $22.87.e. The earnings per share have increased by $1.42 this year.STOCK QUOTEb 57. A stock listing contains the following information: P/E 17.5, closing price 33.10,dividend .80, YTD % chg 3.4, and a net chg of -.50. Which of the following statementsare correct given this information?I. The stock price has increased by 3.4 percent during the current year.II. The closing price on the previous trading day was $32.60.III. The earnings per share are approximately $1.89.IV. The current yield is 17.5 percent.a. I and II onlyb. I and III onlyc. II and III onlyd. IIIand IV onlye. I, III, and IV onlyIII. PROBLEMSSTOCK VALUEd 58. Michael’s, Inc. just paid $1.40 to their shareholders as the annual dividend.Simultaneously, the company announced that future dividends will be increasing by4.5 percent. If you require an 8 percent rate of return, how much are you willing topay to purchase one share of Michael’s stock?a. $31.11b. $32.51c. $40.00d. $41.80e. $43.68STOCK VALUEe 59. Angelina’s made two announcements concerning their common stock today. First, thecompany announced that their next annual dividend has been set at $2.16 a share.Secondly, the company announced that all future dividends will increase by 4 percentannually. What is the maximum amount you should pay to purchase a share ofAngelina’s stock if your goal is to earn a 10 percent rate of return?a. $21.60b. $22.46c. $27.44d. $34.62e. $36.00STOCK VALUEd 60. How much are you willing to pay for one share of stock if the company just paid an$.80 annual dividend, the dividends increase by 4 percent annually and you require an8 percent rate of return?a. $19.23b. $20.00c. $20.40d. $20.80e. $21.63STOCK VALUEd 61. Lee Hong Imports paid a $1.00 per share annual dividend last week. Dividends areexpected to increase by 5 percent annually. What is one share of this stock worth toyou today if the appropriate discount rate is 14 percent?a. $7.14b. $7.50c. $11.11d. $11.67e. $12.25STOCK VALUEc 62. Majestic Homes stock traditionally provides an 8 percent rate of return. The companyjust paid a $2 a year dividend which is expected to increase by 5 percent per year. Ifyou are planning on buying 1,000 shares of this stock next year, how much should youexpect to pay per share if the market rate of return for this type of security is 9 percentat the time of your purchase?a. $48.60b. $52.50c. $55.13d. $57.89e. $70.00STOCK VALUEc 63. Leslie’s Unique Clothing Stores offers a common stock that pays an annual dividendof $2.00 a share. The company has promised to maintain a constant dividend. Howmuch are you willing to pay for one share of this stock if you want to earn 12 percentreturn on your equity investments?a. $10.00b. $13.33c. $16.67d. $18.88e. $20.00STOCK VALUEb 64. Martin’s Yachts has paid annual dividends of $1.40, $1.75, and $2.00 a share over thepast three years, respectively. The company now predicts that it will maintain aconstant dividend since its business has leveled off and sales are expected to remainrelatively constant. Given the lack of future growth, you will only buy this stock if youcan earn at least a 15 percent rate of return. What is the maximum amount you arewilling to pay to buy one share of this stock today?a. $10.00b. $13.33c. $16.67d. $18.88e. $20.00REQUIRED RETURNc 65. The common stock of Eddie’s Engines, Inc. sells for $25.71 a share. The stock isexpected to pay $1.80 per share next month when the annual dividend is distributed.Eddie’s has established a pattern of incr easing their dividends by 4 percent annuallyand expects to continue doing so. What is the market rate of return on this stock?a. 7 percentb. 9 percentc. 11 percentd. 13 percente. 15 percentREQUIRED RETURNa 66. The current yield on Alpha’s common stock is 4.8 percent. The company just paid a$2.10 dividend. The rumor is that the dividend will be $2.205 next year. The dividendgrowth rate is expected to remain constant at the current level. What is the requiredrate of return on Alpha’s stock?a. 10.04 percentb. 16.07 percentc. 21.88 percentd. 43.75 percente. 45.94 percentREQUIRED RETURNe 67. Martha’s Vineyardrecently paid a $3.60 annual dividend on their common stock. Thisdividend increases at an average rate of 3.5 percent per year. The stock is currentlyselling for $62.10 a share. What is the market rate of return?a. 2.5 percentb. 3.5 percentc. 5.5 percentd. 6.0 percente. 9.5 percentREQUIRED RETURNd 68. Bet’R Bilt Bikes just announced that their annua l dividend for this coming year will be$2.42 a share and that all future dividends are expected to increase by 2.5 percent annually. What is the market rate of return if this stock is currently selling for $22 ashare?a. 9.5 percentb. 11.0 percentc. 12.5 percentd. 13.5 percente. 15.0 percentDIVIDEND YIELD VS. CAPITAL GAINS YIELDb 69. Shares of common stock of the Samson Co. offer an expected total return of 12percent. The dividend is increasing at a constant 8 percent per year. The dividendyield must be:a. - 4 percent.b. 4 percent.c. 8 percent.d. 12 percent.e. 20 percent.CAPITAL GAINc 70. The common stock of Grady Co. returned an 11.25 percent rate of return last year.The dividend amount was $.70 a share which equated to a dividend yield of 1.5percent. What was the rate of price appreciation on the stock?a. 1.50 percentb. 8.00 percentc. 9.75 percentd. 11.25 percente. 12.75 percentDIVIDEND AMOUNTb 71. Weisbro and Sons common stock sells for $21 a share and pays an annual dividendthat increases by 5 percent annually. The market rate of return on this stock is 9 percent. What is the amount of the last dividend paid by Weisbro and Sons?a. $.77b. $.80c. $.84d. $.87e. $.88DIVIDEND AMOUNTd 72. The common stock of Energizer’s pays an annual dividend that is expected to increaseby 10 percent annually. The stock commands a market rate of return of 12 percent andsells for $60.50 a share. What is the expected amount of the next dividend to be paidon Energizer’s common stock?a. $.90b. $1.00c. $1.10d. $1.21e. $1.33d 73. The Reading Co. has adopted a policy of increasing the annual dividend on theircommon stock at a constant rate of 3 percent annually. The last dividend they paidwas $0.90 a share. What will their dividend be in six years?a. $.90b. $.93c. $1.04d. $1.07e. $1.11e 74. A stock pays a constant annual dividend and sells for $31.11 a share. If the rate ofreturn on this stock is 9 percent, what is the dividend amount?a. $1.40b. $1.80c. $2.20d. $2.40e. $2.80CONSTANT DIVIDENDb 75. You have decided that you would like to own some shares of GH Corp. but need anexpected 12 percent rate of return to compensate for the perceived risk of suchownership. What is the maximum you are willing to spend per share to buy GHstock if the company pays a constant $3.50 annual dividend per share?a. $26.04b. $29.17c. $32.67d. $34.29e. $36.59GROWTH DIVIDENDe 76. Turnips and Parsley common stock sells for $39.86 a share at a market rate of return of9.5 percent. The company just paid their annual dividend of $1.20. What is the rate ofgrowth of their dividend?a. 5.2 percentb. 5.5 percentc. 5.9 percentd. 6.0 percente. 6.3 percentGROWTH DIVIDENDc 77. B&K Enterprises will pay an annual dividend of $2.08 a share on their common stocknext week. Last year, the company paid a dividend of $2.00 a share. The companyadheres to a constant rate of growth dividend policy. What will one share of B&Kcommon stock be worth ten years from now if the applicable discount rate is 8percent?a. $71.16b. $74.01c. $76.97d. $80.05e. $83.25GROWTH DIVIDENDd 78. Wilbert’s Clothing Stores just paid a $1.20 annual dividend. The company has a policywhereby the dividend increases by 2.5 percent annually. You would like to purchase100 shares of stock in this firm but realize that you will not have the funds to do so foranother three years. If you desire a 10 percent rate of return, how much should youexpect to pay for 100 shares when you can afford to buy this stock? Ignore tradingcosts.a. $1,640b. $1,681c. $1,723d. $1,766e. $1,810GROWTH DIVIDENDb 79. The Merriweather Co. just announced that they are increasing their annual dividend to$1.60 and establishing a policy whereby the dividend will increase by 3.5 percentannually thereafter. How much will one share of this stock be worth five years fromnow if the required rate of return is 12 percent?a. $21.60b. $22.36c. $23.14d. $23.95e. $24.79GROWTH DIVIDENDb 80. Shares of the Katydid Co. common stock are currently selling for $27.73. The lastdividend paid was $1.60 per share. The market rate of return is 10 percent. At whatrate is the dividend growing?a. 2.50 percentb. 4.00 percentc. 5.98 percentd. 13.05 percente. 14.91 percentSUPERNORMAL GROWTHc 81. The Bell Weather Co. is a new firm in a rapidly growing industry. The company isplanning on increasing its annual dividend by 20 percent a year for the next four yearsand then decreasing the growth rate to 5 percent per year. The company just paid itsannual dividend in the amount of $1.00 per share. What is the current value of oneshare of this stock if the required rate of return is 9.25 percent?a. $35.63b. $38.19c. $41.05d. $43.19e. $45.81SUPERNORMAL GROWTHc 82. The Extreme Reaches Corp. last paid a $1.50 per share annual dividend. Thecompany is planning on paying $3.00, $5.00, $7.50, and $10.00 a share over the nextfour years, respectively. After that the dividend will be a constant $2.50 per share peryear. What is the market price of this stock if the market rate of return is 15 percent?a. $17.04b. $22.39c. $26.57d. $29.08e. $33.71SUPERNORMAL GROWTHd 83. Can’t Hold Me Back, Inc. is preparing to pay their first dividends. They aregoing to pay $1.00, $2.50, and $5.00 a share over the next three years, respectively.After that, the company has stated that the annual dividend will be $1.25 per shareindefinitely. What is this stock worth to you per share if you demand a 7 percentrate of return?a. $7.20b. $14.48c. $18.88d. $21.78e. $25.06NONCONSTANT DIVIDENDSc 84. NU YU announced today that they will begin paying annual dividends. The firstdividend will be paid next year in the amount of $.25 a share. The following dividendswill be $.40, $.60, and $.75 a share annually for the following three years, respectively.After that, dividends are projected to increase by 3.5 percent per year. How much areyou willing to pay to buy one share of this stock if your desired rate of return is 12 percent?a. $1.45b. $5.80c. $7.25d. $9.06e. $10.58NONCONSTANT DIVIDENDSb 85. Now or Later, Inc. recently paid $1.10 as an annual dividend. Future dividends areprojected at $1.14, $1.18, $1.22, and $1.25 over the next four years, respectively.Beginning five years from now, the dividend is expected to increase by 2 percentannually. What is one share of this stock worth to you if you require an 8 percent rateof return on similar investments?a. $15.62b. $19.57c. $21.21d. $23.33e. $25.98NONCONSTANT DIVIDENDSb 86. The Red Bud Co. pays a constant dividend of $1.20 a share. The company announcedtoday that they will continue to do this for another 3 years after which time they willdiscontinue paying dividends permanently. What is one share of this stock worth todayif the required rate of return is 7 percent?a. $2.94b. $3.15c. $3.23d. $3.44e. $3.60NONCONSTANT DIVIDENDSb 87. Bill Bailey and Sons pays no dividend at the present time. The company plans to startpaying an annual dividend in the amount of $.30 a share for two years commencingtwo years from today. After that time, the company plans on paying a constant $1 ashare dividend indefinitely. How much are you willing to pay to buy a share of thisstock if your required return is 14 percent?a. $4.82b. $5.25c. $5.39d. $5.46e. $5.58NONCONSTANT DIVIDENDSa 88. The Lighthouse Co. is in a downsizing mode. The company paid a $2.50 annualdividend last year. The company has announced plans to lower the dividend by $.50 ayear. Once the dividend amount becomes zero, the company will cease all dividendspermanently. You place a required rate of return of 16 percent on this particular stockgiven the company’s situation. What is one share of this stock worth to you today?a. $3.76b. $4.08c. $4.87d. $5.13e. $5.39NONCONSTANT DIVIDENDS。

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I, [Your Full Name], residing at [Your Address], hereby issue this Guarantee Letter to express my unwavering commitment and guarantee towards fulfilling the obligations stated below.I understand that this guarantee serves as a binding agreement between myself and the recipient of this letter, and I am fully aware of the seriousness and responsibility that accompany this commitment.1. Purpose of the Guarantee.The purpose of this guarantee is to ensure thefulfillment of the specified obligations, which areoutlined in the attached document or agreement. This guarantee covers the period from [Start Date] to [End Date], unless otherwise stated.2. Obligations Undertaken.I hereby undertake to fulfill the following obligations:[Obligation 1][Obligation 2][Obligation 3][Add More Obligations as Required]I confirm that I will carry out these obligations diligently and to the best of my abilities, ensuring timely completion and compliance with all relevant standards and requirements.3. Financial Obligations.If any financial obligations are involved in this guarantee, I hereby confirm that I am fully capable of meeting these obligations. I understand that failure to fulfill these financial commitments may result in legal action being taken against me.4. Termination of the Guarantee.This guarantee shall terminate on the specified end date unless terminated earlier due to breach of obligations or mutual agreement between the parties.5. Legal Jurisdiction.Any disputes arising out of or in connection with this guarantee shall be subject to the jurisdiction of [Appropriate Court or Legal Jurisdiction].6. Acknowledgement.I acknowledge that this guarantee is issued voluntarily and without any duress or undue influence. I have read and understood the terms and conditions of this guarantee and agree to be bound by them.7. Signature.I, [Your Full Name], hereby sign this Guarantee Letter as a testament to my commitment and guarantee.Signature: ____________________________。

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英文担保合同(2024版)

英文担保合同(2024版)合同目录第一章：General Provisions1.1 Contract Background1.2 Contract Purpose1.3 Definitions第二章：Guarantee Scope2.1 Guarantee Amount2.2 Guarantee Period2.3 Guarantee Conditions第三章：Rights and Obligations of the Guarantor 3.1 Guarantor's Rights3.2 Guarantor's Obligations3.3 Guarantor's Liability第四章：Rights and Obligations of the Creditor4.1 Creditor's Rights4.2 Creditor's Obligations4.3 Creditor's Remedies第五章：Events of Default5.1 Definition of Default5.2 Consequences of Default5.3 Default Remedies第六章：Confidentiality6.1 Confidentiality Obligations 6.2 Confidentiality Period6.3 Exceptions to Confidentiality 第七章：Dispute Resolution7.1 Negotiation7.2 Arbitration7.3 Litigation第八章：Miscellaneous8.1 Effectiveness of Contract8.2 Amendment of Contract8.3 Contract Text第九章：Signature Clause9.1 Signature9.2 Date of Signing9.3 Place of SigningContract Number: ______ Contract DirectoryChapter 1: General Provisions1.1 Contract BackgroundThis Guarantee Contract (hereinafter referred to as "Contract") is made by and between ______ (hereinafter referred to as "Guarantor") and ______ (hereinafter referred to as "Creditor") on ______ (date) in______ (location). Both parties, adhering to the principles of equality, voluntariness, and mutual benefit, agree to the following terms regarding the guarantee obligations.1.2 Contract PurposeThe purpose of this Contract is to clearly define the rights and obligations of the Guarantor and the Creditor in relation to the guarantee provided by the Guarantor for the obligations of ______ (hereinafter referred to as "Debtor").1.3 Definitions1.3.1 "Guarantee" refers to the commitment made by the Guarantor to assume the obligations of the Debtor in the event that the Debtor fails to fulfill its obligations to the Creditor.1.3.2 "Obligations" refer to the debts or liabilities of the Debtor that are guaranteed by the Guarantor under this Contract.Chapter 2: Guarantee Scope2.1 Guarantee Amount2.1.1 The maximum guarantee amount under this Contract is ______.2.1.2 Any changes to the guarantee amount must be mutually agreed upon in writing by both parties.2.2 Guarantee Period2.2.1 The guarantee period shall commence on ______ (start date) and end on ______ (end date).2.2.2 The guarantee period may be extended upon mutual agreement in writing by both parties.2.3 Guarantee Conditions2.3.1 The guarantee is conditional upon the occurrence of any of the following events:2.3.1.1 The Debtor fails to make timely payments to the Creditor.2.3.1.2 The Debtor becomes insolvent or bankrupt.2.3.1.3 Any other event specified in this Contract that triggers the guarantee obligations.Chapter 3: Rights and Obligations of the Guarantor3.1 Guarantor's Rights3.1.1 The Guarantor has the right to request information from the Creditor regarding the Debtor's performance of its obligations.3.1.2 The Guarantor has the right to seek recourse against the Debtor for any amounts paid to the Creditor under this guarantee.3.2 Guarantor's Obligations3.2.1 The Guarantor shall fulfill its guarantee obligations in accordance with the terms of this Contract.3.2.2 The Guarantor shall promptly notify the Creditor of any changes in its financial condition that may affect its ability to perform its guarantee obligations.3.2.3 The Guarantor shall not transfer or assign its guarantee obligations to any third party without the prior written consent of the Creditor.3.3 Guarantor's Liability3.3.1 The Guarantor's liability under this Contract is limited to the guarantee amount specified in Section 2.1.3.3.2 The Guarantor shall be liable for any damages resulting from its failure to perform its guarantee obligations.Chapter 4: Rights and Obligations of the Creditor4.1 Creditor's Rights4.1.1 The Creditor has the right to demand performance of the guarantee obligations from the Guarantor in the event of the Debtor's default.4.1.2 The Creditor has the right to seek compensation from the Guarantor for any losses incurred due to the Debtor's default.4.2 Creditor's Obligations4.2.1 The Creditor shall provide the Guarantor with all necessary information regarding the Debtor's performance of its obligations.4.2.2 The Creditor shall promptly notify the Guarantor of any events that may trigger the guarantee obligations.4.2.3 The Creditor shall not release or discharge the Debtor from its obligations without the prior written consent of the Guarantor.4.3 Creditor's Remedies4.3.1 In the event of the Debtor's default, the Creditor may take any legal actions necessary to enforce the guarantee obligations.4.3.2 The Creditor may seek specific performance, damages, or any other remedies available under applicable law.Chapter 5: Events of Default5.1 Definition of Default5.1.1 A default occurs when the Debtor fails to fulfill its obligations to the Creditor as specified in the underlying agreement.5.1.2 A default also occurs when the Guarantor fails to perform its guarantee obligations under this Contract.5.2 Consequences of Default5.2.1 Upon the occurrence of a default, the non-defaulting party shall have the right to terminate this Contract and seek remedies as provided herein.5.2.2 The defaulting party shall be liable for any damagesresulting from the default.5.3 Default Remedies5.3.1 The non-defaulting party may demand specific performance of the defaulting party's obligations.5.3.2 The non-defaulting party may seek compensation for any losses incurred due to the default.5.3.3 The non-defaulting party may take any legal actions necessary to enforce its rights under this Contract.Chapter 6: Confidentiality6.1 Confidentiality Obligations6.1.1 Both parties shall keep confidential any information obtained during the performance of this Contract, including but not limited to financial information, business plans, and trade secrets.6.1.2 Neither party shall disclose such confidential information to any third party without the prior written consent of the other party.6.2 Confidentiality Period6.2.1 The confidentiality obligations shall commence on the date of signing this Contract and shall continue for a period of ______ years after the termination or expiration of this Contract.6.3 Exceptions to Confidentiality6.3.1 The confidentiality obligations shall not apply to information that:6.3.1.1 Is or becomes publicly known through no breach of this Contract;6.3.1.2 Is lawfully received from a third party without any obligation of confidentiality;6.3.1.3 Is independently developed by the receiving party without the use of the disclosing party's confidential information;6.3.1.4 Is required to be disclosed by law or regulation, provided that the disclosing party gives prior notice to the other party.Chapter 7: Dispute Resolution7.1 Negotiation7.1.1 Any disputes arising from or in connection with this Contract shall be resolved through friendly negotiations between the parties.7.1.2 If the parties are unable to resolve the dispute through negotiations within ______ days, either party may proceed to arbitration or litigation.7.2 Arbitration7.2.1 The parties agree to submit any unresolved disputes to ______ Arbitration Commission for arbitration.7.2.2 The arbitration shall be conducted in accordance with the rules of the Arbitration Commission.7.2.3 The arbitration award shall be final and binding on both parties.7.3 Litigation7.3.1 If either party chooses to pursue litigation, the dispute shall be submitted to the ______ People's Court.7.3.2 The losing party shall bear all costs associated with the litigation.Chapter 8: Miscellaneous8.1 Effectiveness of Contract8.1.1 This Contract shall become effective upon the signatures of both parties.8.1.2 This Contract is executed in ______ copies, with each party retaining ______ copies, all of which have the same legal effect.8.2 Amendment of Contract8.2.1 Any amendments to this Contract shall be made in writing and signed by both parties.8.2.2 Either party may propose amendments to the Contract by providing written notice to the other party at least ______ days in advance.8.3 Contract Text8.3.1 This Contract is written in English. If there are any discrepancies between the English version and any translated version, the English version shall prevail.8.3.2 This Contract includes the main text and all appendices, which are an integral part of the Contract and have the same legal effect.Chapter 9: Signature Clause9.1 SignatureParty A (Seal): ______Authorized Representative (Signature): ______Date: ______Party B (Seal): ______Authorized Representative (Signature): ______Date: ______9.2 Date of SigningThis Contract is signed on ______ (date).9.3 Place of SigningThis Contract is signed at ______ (location).。

英语语言学Chapter8

Ⅱ．Fill in each blank below with one word which begins with the letter given:1．P ________ is the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication．2．What essentially distinguishes s_______ and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considered．3．The notion of c_______ is essential to the pragmatic study of language．4．If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes an u_______ ．5．The meaning of a sentence is a_______ ,and decontexualized．6．C_______ were statements that either state or describe,and were thus verifiable．7．P_______ were sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state, and were not verifiable．8．A l_______ act is the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology．9．An i______ act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention; it is the act performed in saying something．10．A c _______ is commit the speaker himself to some future course of action．11．An e_______ is to express feelings or attitude towards an existing state．12．There are four maxims under the cooperative principle: the maxim of q_______ , the maxim of quality, the maxim of relation and the maxim of manner．13．P _______ is the study of language in relation to the mind．14．Psycholinguistics adopts an e_______ approach．15．The brain is divided into two roughly symmetrical halves, called h_______ , one on he right and one on the left．16．The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular side of the brain is called l_______ ．17．Brain lateralization is g_______ programmed, but takes time to develop．18．According to Chomsky, c_______ is the ideal user’s internalized knowledge of his language．19．The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c_______ period for first language acquisition．20．The strong version of Sapir-Whorf hypothesis has two aspects: linguistic d_______ and linguistic relativism．21．Because languages differ in many ways, Whorf believed that speakers of different languages perceive and experience the world differently, relative to their linguistic background．This notion is called linguistic r_______ ．22．Langue comprehending is a complicated process that includes hearing and distinguishing the sound, comprehending the meaning and making r_______ ．23．Language production contains language f _______ and carrying our it24．According to the Cognitive Theory ,the development of the linguistic ability can’t precede that of the c _______ abilityIII. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the1. The study of _____ does NOT form the core of linguistics.A. syntaxB. PragmaticsC. MorphologyD. sociolinguistics2. If the study of meaning is conducted in the context of language use, a branch of linguistic study called _____ come into being.A. syntaxB. SemanticsC. MorphologyD. pragmatics3. Which of the following statements is not the concern of psycholinguistics?A. It aims to answer such questions as how the human mind works when we use languageB. It relates the social norms that determine the type of language to be used in a certain occasion.C. It pays more attention to the study of language acquisition in childrenD. It focuses on the way of processing the information we receive in the course of communication.4. Which of the following words is the entire arbitrary one?A. bookB. beautifulC. crashD. newspaper5. Which of the following items is not a design feature of human language？A. arbitrarinessB. competenceC. displacementD. productivity6. The difference between modern linguistics and traditional grammar are all of the following EXCEPT --_______A. descriptive vs. prescriptiveB. non Latin-based vs. Latin-based frameworkC. spoken vs. writtenD. competence vs. performance7. The term _____ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stage.A. synchronicB. comparativeC. diachronicD. historical comparative8. Which word is the absolute arbitrary one?A. carefulB. handbagC. crackD. table9. The application of linguistics principles and theories to language teaching and learning is called _____.A. sociolinguisticsB. PsycholinguisticsC. computational linguisticsD. Applied Linguistics10. ______ is regarded as the “Father of modern linguistics”.A. ChomskyB. SaussureC. HallidayD. Whorf11. Competence refers to ________.A. the ideal language user’s knowledge of the rules of his languageB. the actual realization of the language user’s knowledge of the rules in utterancesC. knowledge of meaning of words and sentencesD. what speakers can actually do with language12. The subject area on the borders of linguistics and literature has become known as _____ .A. anthropological linguisticsB. linguistic stylisticsC. neurolinguisticsD. mathematical linguistics13. The distinction between competence and performance is similar to the distinction between________.A. prescriptive & descriptiveB. synchronic and diachronicC. speech and writingD. langue & parole14. _____ answers such questions as how we as infants acquire our first language.A. applied linguisticsB. sociolinguisticsC. psycholinguisticsD. anthropological linguistics15. Children can speak before they can read or write shows that ______.A. language is arbitraryB. language is productiveC. language is used for communicationD. language is basically vocal16. _____ means the lack of logical connection between the form of something and its expression in sounds.A. AmbiguityB. FuzzinessC. AbstractnessD. Arbitrariness17. Which of the following statements about language is NOT TRUE?A. Language means the system of pronunciation, grammar and vocabularyB. Language includes animal and artificial features of languageC. Language means a particular type or style of language used for a particular purposeD. Language refers to the common features of all human languages18. All human languages are organized on two levels: the sound level – meaningless, the grammatical level – meaningful. This means language has the design feature of _______.A. dualityB. changeableC. CreativeD. arbitrary19. ____ are two sub-branches of linguistics that study the units at the grammatical level.A. morphology and semanticsB. morphology and syntaxC. semantics and syntaxD. morphology and phonology20. ____ dictionary established a uniform standard for English spelling and word use.A. LongmanB. OxfordC. Webster’sD. Johnson’s21. Langue & Parole are a pair of important distinctions put forward by _______ .A. ChomskyB. LyonsC. SaussureD. Halliday22. Language has the feature of ____ in the sense that users can understand and produce sentences they have never heard before.A. dualityB. interchangeabilityC. displacementD. productivity23. Linguistics gives priority to the spoken language instead of the written language because______.A. vocal sounds are derived from writing systemsB. spoken language precedes written language only in Indo-European languagesC. we have recording devices to study speech in modern timesD. speech precedes writing everywhere in the world24. The distinction between competence and performance is made by _____ in _______.A. F. de. Saussure; SwissB. Noam Chomsky; USAC. M. A. K. Halliday; UKD. L. Bloomfield; USA25. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be _______.A. prescriptiveB. analyticC. descriptiveD. linguistic26. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language?A. ArbitrarinessB. DisplacementC. DualityD. Meaningfulness27. Modern linguistics regards the written language as _______.A. primaryB. correctC. secondaryD. stable28. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because _______.A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writingB. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyedC. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongueD. All of the above29. A historical study of language is a_______ study of language.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. prescriptiveD. comparative30. Saussure took a(n) _______ view of language, while Chomsky looks at language from a________ point of view.A. sociological, psychologicalB. psychological, sociologicalC. applied, pragmaticD. semantic, linguistic31. According to F. de Saussure, _______ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.A. paroleB. performanceC. langueD. Language32. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _______ and meanings.A. senseB. soundsC. objectsD. ideas33. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called _______.A. displacementB. dualityC. flexibilityD. cultural transmission34. The details of any language system is passed on from one generation to the next through _______, rather than by instinct.A. learningB. teachingC. booksD. both A and B。

外贸英语函电Chapter 8 Letter of Credit

1) The quantity to be delivered each month must not be less than 30 metric tons. 每月应交的数量不得少于三十公吨。
2) 单据已交银行议付。
The documents have already been delivered to the bank for negotiation.
Be able to write letters of extension of an L/C
Be able to write letters of amendment to the L/C
Chapter 8 Letters of Credit
➢ Main & Difficult Points
2) 航班预计中午到达上海。 The flight is due in Shanghai at noon. 3) 双方定于下周签订合同。 Both sides are due to sign a contract in the next week. 4) 明年我们的薪水等级应该修改。
Our salary scales are due for revision next year.
▪ shipping mark
装运标志
▪ shipping container 船运集装箱
▪ shipping order
装货纸；装货单
▪ shipping space
舱位；船位
▪ shipping date
装船日期
▪ shipping day
开船日期
▪ steamer ship
蒸汽机轮船
▪ motor vessel
涉及本合同的争执或执行本合同中所发生的一切争执应通过友好协商予以解决。

外贸英语函电课文参考译文

Situation 1 InvitationLetter 1Dear Mr. Gable,我们想要邀请您参加第114届广交会，即：2013年10月31日~11月4日举行的中国进出口产品交易会。

如您所知，广交会是专门为中国进出口产品交易举行的，是中国最大的、也是世界最好的产品交易会。

我们的生产商最新设计的大量样品将会在此次交易会上展出，我们的展台编号是2.1H11，很荣幸能在广交会上与您会面。

我们真诚希望，您能参加此次广交会。

这样，我们有机会见面并且亲密接触。

我们相信，在此次广交会上的见面将卓有成效，而这样的亲密接触能使您更好地了解我们的产品，也将促使我们的关系进一步发展。

请尽快确认是否能参加，以便我们做出必要的准备，对此我们将不胜感激。

Y ours sincerely,Ben QiuExport ManagerLetter 2Dear Mr. Qiu,非常感谢您的诚挚邀请，我们很荣幸能够参加2013年10月31日~11月4日期间举办的广交会。

我们相信，这是我们双方面对面进行交流以及详细探讨未来进一步合作的好机会。

我们将乘坐AFL218号航班，并于11月1日晚上6点抵达广州。

将于11月2日参加广交会，希望届时可以和你们的代表进行会晤。

Y ours sincerely,Francis J. GableImport DirectorLetter 3Dear Mr. Crane,我们获悉您要来广州参加2013年10月15日~19日的第114届广交会。

您在广州期间，我们想邀请您参观我们的公司。

相信您的到来会使您有机会了解我们的产品以及营销问题，这将大大有益于我们未来的合作。

是否能来请早日告知，如能前来，请告知行程的具体时间。

我们将会把来公司的路线传真给您，如有必要，也可以去接您。

此外，您在这里的膳食和住宿的费用将由我们承担。

感谢您对于我们公司的长期支持，在您的支持下，公司迅猛发展。

希望今后我们互惠互利，有更多的合作机会。

国际结算chapter 10 letter of guarantee

(银行保函的当事人及其权责)
担保行(Guarantor bank) 指根据委托人的申请，向受益人开立保
函的银行。
责任与权利：第一，按照保函承诺的条件受理索偿／索赔。
第二，如果发生保函下的支付／赔偿，有权向委托人索偿。
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8.1.4 Parties and obligations
(银行保函的当事人及其权责)
8
8.1.4 Parties and obligations (银行保函的当事人及其权责)
保兑行（Conforming bank）
指根据担保行的要求在保函上加具保兑的银行。
保兑行在替担保行赔偿后，有权向担保行索偿。
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8.1.4 Parties and obligations (银行保函的当事人及其权责)
反担保人（Counter guarantor）
指接受申请人的委托向担保行出具不可撤销反担保函，承诺在申请人违约且无法付款时，负责赔偿担保行所做出的全部支付。
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8.2.1 Contents (1)
Guarantee purpose Parties involved: the principle, the
转开行（Reissuing bank）
指根据担保行的要求，凭担保行的反担保向受益人开出保函的银行。
若新保函一开出，原担保行就变成了反担保人（Counter guarantor ）或指示行（Instructing bank）。
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8.1.4 Parties and obligations (银行保函的当事人及其权责)
If the guarantor is satisfied that joining in a guarantee is justified, it then issues a letter of guarantee undertaking to make payment to the beneficiary in compensation in the event of default of the principle against the presentation of a written demand and other specified documents.

保险学原理chapter8

Incontestability Provision
• Misrepresentation a false or misleading statement in an application for insurance. • Material misrepresentation a misrepresentation that would affect the insurance company’s evaluation of the proposed insured.
Life Insurance Policy Provisions
Chapter Outline
• Standard Policy Provisions • Life Insurance Policy Exclusions
Standard Policy Provisions
• • • • • • • • • • Free-look Provision Entire contract Provision Incontestability Provision Grace Period Provision Policy Loans and Policy withdrawals Reinstatement provision Misstatement of Age or Sex Provision Settlement Options Provision Policy Divisions Provision Nonforfeiture Benefits
Incontestability Provision
• Example Anthony Abernathy’s application for life insurance contained the statement that he had visited a doctor on July 10 for a regular physical examination when, in fact, the reason for the visit was that he was being treated for heart disease.

当代医学英语答案Chapter 8复旦大学出版社

《当代医学英语综合教程—关注健康》练习参考答案Chapter 8Section I. Asking, Listening and WatchingB.1.D2.C3.B4.A5.CC.1.F2.F3.T4.T5. F6.T7.F8.FD.1. the bones, the brain, the liver, and the lungs2. surgery… a lumpectomy or mastectomy.3. beyond the breast…the nearby lymph nodes4. local and systemic treatments5. alleviate pain and complicationsSection II. Theme ReadingReading Comprehension1.…a death sentence2….the most lethal form of3…. surviving breast cancer4….exposure to estrogen5….ER-negative breast cancer6….an inherited mutations in the genes7….develop malignancies8….height, weight and ethnicity9….diet, reproductive habits and lack of exercise10…is still a shameful secretSection III. Extension Reading1.F2.T3.F4.T5.NG6.T7.F8.NG9.T 10.F Section V. Language PracticeA.1. estrogen2. mammogram3. mammoplasty4. mastadenoma5. mastectomy6. mastodynia7. mastopathy8. menstruation9. ovulation 10.postmenopausalB.1.curative2.concealing3.strenuous4. mobilized5. mounting6. scrutiny7. hereditary8. recur9. invasive 10. malignancyC.1…Children are apt to suffer most2…indifferent to environmental issues3…to opt for more aggressive treatment4…are attributable to global warming5…should stick to what he is good at6…It never even occurred to us7…When it comes to modern jazz8…. are passed on to their children9….from his perspective10…turned out to be more difficult than they had expected D.乳腺癌可能是一种已知最古老的人类癌症肿瘤。

URDG758的适用.

LOGO
点击此处添加文字标题 URDG758 的适用
(3) 如果应指示方的请求或经其同意，见索即付保函或反担保函根据 URDG 开立，则视为指示方已经接受了本规则明确规定的归属于指示方的权利和义务。
LOGO
点击此处添加文字标题 URDG758 的适用

URDG458
URDG758
LOGO
点击此处添加文字标题 URDG758 的适用
(4 ）如果 2010 年 7 月 1 日或该日期之后开立的见索即付保函和反担保函声明适用URDG，但未声明是适用 1992 年本还是 2010 年修订本，亦未表明出版物编号，则该见索即付保函或反担保函应适用 URDG2010 年修订本。
(1)该规则适用于任何明确表明适用本规则的见索即付保函或反担保函。除非见索即付保函或反担保函对本规则的内容做了修改或排除，本规则对见索即付保函或反担保函的所有当事人均具有约束力。
LOGO
点击此处添加文字标题 URDG758 的适用
（ 2 ）如果应反担保人的请求，开立的见索即付保函适用URDG ，则反担保函也应适用URDG，除非该反担保函明确排除适用URDG。但是，见索即付保函并不仅因反担保函适用 URDG而适用URDG。
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UN Convention on Independent Guarantee and Stand-by Letters of Credit
URDG758的适用
Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees
ICC PUBLICATION NO. 758
点击此处添加文字标题 URDG758 的适用

Bank guarantees standby letter of credit

Guarantees by their nature are independent of the underlying contract.
Basic parties to a bank guarantee

Applicant/principal: the party that requests a bank to issue a bank guarantee. Beneficiary: the party in whose favour a bank guarantee is opened and who has the right to claim for compensation in accordance with the terms and conditions of the guarantee. Guarantor: the bank that issues a letter of guarantee at the request of its customer. Instructing Party: the bank acting as an instructing party that issues a counter guarantee acting on the instruction of a principal in favor of a bank or a financial institution located in the beneficiary’s country.
Reimbursement Contract Guarantor (Bank) Guarantee
Exporter -Enters reimbursement contract with bank in importer’s country

国际结算笔记5

Chapter 8 Letters concerning Bills for Collection
New Documents under our Coll. No. 56708 Dated May 2, 2003 Our client, G&T Co., Ltd., asks you to change the drawees of the captioned collection to BB Chemicals In., New York. We accordingly enclose herewith the new documents made out in the name of the new drawees. Drafts--in duplicate Invoice--in triplicate Weight list--in triplicate Inspection Cert.--in triplicate Please return to us at your earliest convenience the documents previously sent to you. We look forward to your early attention to this matter.
Chapter 8 Letters concerning Bills for Collection
Your Collection No. 3456-02 We are in receipt of your captioned collection along with the relative documents, which have been duly forwarded to the drawees. In this connection, we have been today informed by our clients that they disagree to make payment for the reason that the bill of lading under the collection bears "tank at one end slightly rusty outside." They will, however, effect payment upon arrival of the goods according to their actual condition. Please take note of the above and advise the drawers of it.

图书馆柜子八条八条的英语作文

图书馆柜子八条八条的英语作文英文回答：As I meandered through the labyrinthine corridors of the grand library, my gaze was drawn to its towering shelves, each one meticulously organized with an abundance of literary treasures. The books seemed to whisper tales of adventure, intrigue, and knowledge waiting to be unlocked. Amidst the vast collection, I noticed an unusual pattern: rows upon rows of cabinets, each divided into eight equally spaced sections.These enigmatic cabinets piqued my curiosity, and I resolved to delve into their enigmatic depths. With a gentle push, the first cabinet creaked open, revealing a symphony of colors and textures. Spines of leather-bound tomes gleamed alongside vibrant paperbacks, their covers adorned with intricate designs and faded lettering. Each section seemed to house a distinct genre or subject matter, from classic literature to contemporary thrillers, fromhistorical accounts to scientific treatises.As I explored further, I discovered a remarkable order within the apparent chaos. The books were arranged according to a meticulous system, each one carefullyslotted into its designated berth. The topmost shelf contained the most popular and accessible titles, while the lower shelves held more specialized and obscure works. It was as if the library had become a living organism, its cabinets serving as arteries through which the flow of knowledge circulated.The second cabinet yielded a similar array of literary treasures, albeit with a slightly different focus. Here, I found works of philosophy and religion, their pages filled with profound insights and timeless wisdom. The third cabinet housed a collection of travelogues and memoirs, inviting me to embark on armchair adventures to distant lands and bygone eras. Each cabinet unfolded a new chapter in the grand narrative of human knowledge and creativity.As I delved deeper into the library's secrets, Istumbled upon a hidden gem. One of the cabinets held a collection of rare and antiquarian books. Their covers were fragile, their pages yellowed with age. With trembling hands, I carefully extracted one of these precious volumes, its scent of old paper and forgotten worlds filling my senses. Within its pages lay the wisdom of forgotten civilizations, the stories of lives long past, and the echoes of voices that had been silent for centuries.The library's cabinets, with their endless rows of books, had become a testament to the enduring power of the written word. They were not merely repositories of information but gateways to realms of imagination, repositories of collective memory, and vessels of timeless wisdom. As I lingered in the library, surrounded by the gentle hum of turning pages, I felt a profound sense of awe and gratitude. These cabinets held the keys to unlock countless worlds, to ignite minds, and to shape the course of human destiny.中文回答：当我漫步在雄伟图书馆的迷宫般走廊中时，我的目光被其高耸的书架所吸引，每个书架都一丝不苟地组织着丰富的文学瑰宝。

chapter8皮肤精品文档

浸软
Erosions are shallow losses of tissue involving only the epidemis
糜烂
maceration
erosion
Erosions
P068
ulceration
Defects deeper than erosions Usually healing with scarring 溃疡
P068
wheal
P066
urticaria 荨麻疹
P068
nodule
A form of papule Larger and deeper Usually persistent Arising in the dermis
P068
nodule
P068
P068
P068
nodules
P033
P033
dermaderm/odermat/o-
skin imflammation dermatitis
P033
dermaderm/odermat/o-
dermatoblast [5dE:mEtEblB:st]
[成皮细胞]
P033
dermaderm/odermat/o-
noticeable in the long run
Keloid [5ki:lCid] （瘢痕疙瘩）
P068
P068
P065
Other Words to know
脚气，香港脚足癣 tinea pedis athlete’s foot
P066
Other Words to know
[7iti5lai^Eu] Partial or total loss of skin pigmentation,

商务英语写作8说服性索赔与拒绝函

2021/3/18
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Because persuasive claims aim to influence an audience that is inclined to resist, they depend heavily on strategic planning. By persuasion, we mean reasoning with the reader—presenting facts, and logic that support your case.
2021/3/18
Company Logo 17
with first-class facilities and service in Anderson. We felt we were overcharged.
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Because the descriptive literature and instructions for the Code-A-Phones say nothing about avoiding use in rooms with fluorescent lighting, we expected no trouble. We were quite disappointed that this wellengineered unit—with its time/date stamp, room monitor, and auto-dial features—failed to perform as we hoped it would.

李阳疯狂英语之国际肌肉三最短文 Passage 1-8

/lesson/szdw/list_2.htmlChapter1：Just do itIf you put off things for too long, they can easily become uncontrollable. The longer you wait to tackle a problem, the more difficult it becomes. Don’t waste time thinking about how difficult something is. Just take the advice in this passage. Many people put up until tomorrow what they can do today. They always look for excuses to pose upon doing something. In the end, it never gets done. If we leave things undone, we will eventually worried. This will cause unnecessary stress. Therefore, if you have this bad habit, it’s best to get rid of it and do things as soon as possible.Chapter2：Just askIf you don’t understand, don’t hesitate to ask. Some Chinese seem to feel that it is impolite to ask questions even when they don’t quite understand. However, it’s much better to say that you don’t understand than to pretend you understand and answer very vaguely. When you don’t understand, or haven’t caught what was said, you may ask by saying any of the following:I beg your pardon?I am not clear on what you said.I am afraid I don’t understand you. Would you mind saying it again?I am sorry I don’t follow you.Could you repeat that?I didn’t get it.You’ll improve your understanding and the speaker will be happy to make his point again.Chapter 3: Speak outExpressing opinions is one example of culture difference between east and west. Westerner express their opinions freely. They feel that it is natural for people to have different ideas and don’t mind hearing views that differ from their own. You may express frankly what you think or feel. Of course, you shouldn’t be rude in your manner or speech. Statements such as “You are wrong”, “You are mistaken”, “You don’t know”, etc aren’t exactly bad. But it is preferable to soften your tone. You might say, “I don’t think you are right”, “I am afraid you are mistaken”, or “You don’t seem to understand”.Many people value their time more than anything else in the world. Once time is gone, it can never be replaced. This makes time more valuable than money. Time is precious. Nobody can afford to waste time. Once time has gone by, it will never return. You can never turn the clock back. Time passes very quickly. People say time flies. Time and tide wait for no man. We should therefore make the best use of our time. If you can manage your time well, you will have a successful life. Try using all of your spare time to practice English crazily. Even a few minutes practice while waiting for the bus can be valuable learning time.Chapter 5: Informal CallsSome friends are just like family. There is no need to make formal arrangements for a visit. Except for these very close friends and relatives, making unexpected calls should be avoided as much as possible. The unexpected guest is welcomed, but whether that welcome is sincere or given out of kindness is another matter. Practically everyone has his own plans as to how to spend his time, and it is often perplexing, if not annoying, to be obliged to change one’s plans by unexpected visitors. When someone invites you to drop by anytime, they really mean to call first to make sure the time is convenient!Good manners are so important in today’s society. A little effort towards being polite to everyone you meet can have great rewards. Of course there are other reasons for being polite as well. Everyone should be polite. Polite people show good manners. Moreover, they are popular. On the other hand, rude people are looked down upon. Rudeness shows poor education. Therefore, why not be polite? A simple “Please”, “Thank you” or “You are welcome” can make a big difference. If someone says dirty words all the time, it shows that something is wrong with his mouth. You’d better persuade him to watch his mouth.Chapter 7: Table mannersThere are many differences in table manners in different cultures. It is really worth your time to learn about how to behave while eating in other countries. Now your table manners will show your international qualifications. Don’t make noises with your mouth. Close your mouth when eating. People make mouth noises because they eat without closing their mouths. When you drink your soup, don’t sip it but swallow it all in one mouth full. Don’t talk when your mouth full. If someone talks to you, wait until your mouth is empty before answering.Chapter 8: Restaurants dos and don’tWhat is considered polite in one country is sometimes considered rude in another. In other words, sometimes you should slurp and sometimes you shouldn’t. Learning about culture differences while you learn English is the fastest way to broaden your knowledge of the world and become more successful. When eating, the Japanese and some Chinese are in the habit of slurping their food. By doing so, they show their host how much they like the food. Westerners find eating soup this way most unpleasant. They also consider picking one’s teeth and putting on makeup at the table no- nos. And when it comes to tipping, they just leave some money on the table. The amount is up to you, but it’s usually 15 to 20 percent of the check. Chapter 15: The Urgent Need of English in ChinaEnglish may be the most important factor in deciding which countries are leaders in the future. The language of the most advanced management and technology is undoubtedly English. Being able to absorb this information is really the key to the new century. In the 21st century, we increasingly have to deal with other countries. We can’t go there and speak our own language because nobody is going to learn it in order to understand us. Our Asian rival, India, has surged ahead of other developing countries in information technology because of its superior English skills. Unless we are able to master English, we will not be able to get our population to use IT and take advantage of the new economy. There is an urgent need to havea workforce which is proficient in the language in view of the information technology onslaught.(英语可能会成为决定将来哪些国家能处于领先地位的最重要的因素。

牛津英语九年级Chapter8Twogeniuses全

Theories of relativity
Einstein's special and general theories of relativity reinterpreted gravity as a curvature of spacetime and explained the equivalence of mass and energy.
Formulation of calculus
Newton developed calculus, a branch of mathematics that deals with continuous change, independently of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.
Greatest scientist of the 20th century
Einstein's theories of relativity and quantum mechanics reshaped our understanding of the universe, introducing concepts like curved spacetime and quantum entanglement.
Scientific revolution
The works of Newton and Darwin helped initiate the scientific revolution, which transformed the way humans view the natural world.
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Newton's Main Achievements
The law of universal gravitation