M2P1 Warming up
3A M2 U2
Workbook 3A page 14 and 15.
HHHHhhh
教学步骤
方法与手段
补充与修改
1.Pre-task preparation
一．Warming up
1.Sing a song
2.Daily talk
二．Revision
1.Play a game
2.Revision the letter Rr—Uu
2.While-task procedure
一．Presentation
e.g. What is it?
2.Asking yes/ no questions to obtain simple responses.
e.g. Is it a bag?
ing formulaic expressions to confirmordeny.
e.g. Yes / no.
Teaching aids:
1.Bring some scrap wrapping paper and coloured string for wrapping presents
2.Ask the students to bring small soft toys or other favourite toys.
Teaching procedure:
5.Game : I want……
(Turn round and round and say I want …..If you right. I’ll give you a balloon.
6. To teach a balloon
4.Post-task activities
1.Read the new words.
gensim基本用法 -回复
gensim基本用法-回复Gensim 是一个用于进行文本语义建模的开源Python 库，它提供了一些核心算法，如Word2Vec、Doc2Vec 和LDA（Latent Dirichlet Allocation）等。
这些算法可以用于从大规模的文本语料库中发现隐藏的语义关系，并进行主题建模、文本相似度计算和信息检索等任务。
在本文中，我们将逐步介绍Gensim 的基本用法，并在实际案例中演示其功能和效果。
1. 安装Gensim要安装Gensim，可以使用pip 命令行工具，在终端中运行以下命令：pip install gensimGensim 还依赖于NumPy 和SciPy 库，如果你的环境中没有安装这两个库，可以先运行以下命令安装：pip install numpy scipy安装完成后，我们可以开始使用Gensim 进行文本语义建模。
2. 加载语料库首先，我们需要准备一个文本语料库，可以是一个或多个文档的集合，或者是一个大型的文本文件。
Gensim 提供了多种加载语料库的方式，包括从文件、文件夹、数据库等来源加载。
以加载一个文本文件为例，我们可以使用`LineSentence` 类来读取文件中的每一行作为一个文档，然后将它们放入一个语料库中。
以下是一个简单的示例：pythonfrom gensim.models import Word2Vecfrom gensim.utils import simple_preprocess, tokenizefrom gensim.models.doc2vec import TaggedDocumentfrom gensim.corpora import Dictionarytext_file = 'path/to/text_file.txt'class LineSentenceIterator:def __init__(self, filename):self.filename = filenamedef __iter__(self):with open(self.filename, 'r') as file:for line in file:yield list(simple_preprocess(line))sentences = LineSentenceIterator(text_file)在上面的示例中，我们定义了一个`LineSentenceIterator` 类，它通过`simple_preprocess` 函数将每一行的文本进行预处理，并返回一个迭代器，可以逐行读取文本文件。
M2P1 Warming up
3
The Chronicles of Narnia 《纳尼亚传奇》
4
The Golden Compass 《黄金罗盘》
What are they in the picture?
knife compass spyglass
The three things are composed the trilogy of fantasy novels His Dark Materials.
Author
Have you read His Dark Materials?
If not, would you like to read it?
Say why / why not.
The Trilogy of His Dark Materials 《黑暗物质三部曲》由《黄金罗盘》、
《精工小刀》和《琥珀望远镜》构成。
Do you know His Dark Materials?
His Dark Materials, a trilogy of fantasy novels by Philip Pullman, comprises The Golden Compass (1995), The Subtle Knife (1997) and The Amber Spyglass (2000). The trilogy follows the coming-of-age of two children, Lyra Belacqua and Will Parry, as they wander through a series of parallel universes against a backdrop of epic events.
2 The Subtle Knife 《精工小刀》
控制系统模块 NX-AD DA 模块说明书
Analog inputs and outputs to meetall machine control needs, fromgeneral purpose to high-speedsynchronous control•Connect to other NX I/O Units and EtherCAT® CouplerUnits using the high-speed NX-bus•Separate modules for voltage and currentFeatures•Up to eight analog inputs per unit (NX-AD)•Up to four analog outputs per unit (NX-DA)•Free-run refreshing or synchronous I/O refreshing with the NX1P2 CPU Unit or EtherCAT Coupler Unit •Sampling times down to 10 μs per channel and high resolution of 1/30,000•Single-ended input type with built-in power supply terminals for low power equipments or noize-resistant differential input type (NX-AD)•Selecting channel to use, moving average, input disconnection detection, over range/under range detection, and user calibration•Detachable front connector with screwless Push-In Plus terminals for easy installation and maintenance •Compact with a width of 12 mm per unit•Connect to the CJ PLC using the EtherNet/IP TM bus couplerSysmac is a trademark or registered trademark of OMRON Corporation in Japan and other countries for OMRON factory automation products. EtherCAT® is a registered trademark and patented technology, licensed by Beckhoff Automation GmbH, Germany.EtherNet/IP TM is a trademark of ODVA.Other company names and product names in this document are the trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.System ConfigurationsConnected to a CPU Unit or Communication Control UnitThe following figure shows a system configuration when NX Units are connected to an NX-series CPU Unit.Note:For whether an NX Unit can be connected to the CPU Unit, refer to the version information.Connected to an EtherCAT Coupler UnitThe following figure shows an example of the system configuration when an EtherCAT Coupler Unit is used as a Communications Coupler Unit.*1.The connection method for the Sysmac Studio depends on the model of the CPU Unit or Industrial PC.*2.An EtherCAT Slave Terminal cannot be connected to any of the OMRON CJ1W-NC @81/@82 Position Control Units even though they canoperate as EtherCAT masters.Note:For whether an NX Unit can be connected to the Communications Coupler Unit, refer to the version information.Support software● CPU RackEtherCAT master *2Support software (Sysmac Studio)System Configuration in the Case of a Communication Control UnitThe following figure shows a system configuration when a group of NX Units is connected to an NX-series Communication Control Unit. To configure a Safety Network Controller, mount the Safety CPU Unit, which is one of the NX Units, to the CPU Rack of the Communication Control Unit.EtherNet/IP UnitCIP Safety on EtherNet/IP deviceNote:For whether an NX Unit can be connected to the Communication Control Unit, refer to the version information.Model Number StructureNX-@@@@@@(1)(2)(3)(4)(1) Unit typeNo.Specification AD Analog input DAAnalog output(2) Number of pointsNo.Specification 2 2 points 3 4 points 48 points(3) I/O rangeNo.Specification1---2 4 to 20 mA 6-10 to +10 V(4) Other specifications Analog Input Units*1Free-Run refreshing*2Synchronous I/O refreshingAnalog Output Units*1Free-Run refreshing*2Synchronous I/O refreshingNo.ResolutionConversion timeInput methodI/O refreshing methodFree-Run refreshing *1 onlySwitching synchronousI/O refreshing *2 and Free-Run refreshing031/8000250 μs/point Single-ended Yes ---041/8000250 μs/point Differential Yes ---081/3000010 μs/pointDifferential---YesNo.ResolutionConversion timeI/O refreshing methodFree-Run refreshing *1 onlySwitching synchronousI/O refreshing *2 and Free-Run refreshing031/8000250 μs/point Yes ---051/3000010 μs/point---YesOrdering InformationApplicable standardsRefer to the OMRON website () or ask your OMRON representative for the most recent applicable standards for each model. Analog Input UnitsProduct nameSpecificationModelNumber of points InputrangeResolutionConversionvalue, decimalnumber(0 to 100%)Over allaccuracy(25°C)InputmethodConversiontimeInputimpedanceI/OrefreshingmethodVoltage Input type2 points-10 to+10 V 1/8000-4000 to 4000±0.2%(full scale)Single-endedinput250 μs/point1 MΩ min.Free-RunrefreshingNX-AD2603DifferentialinputNX-AD26041/30000-15000 to 15000±0.1%(full scale)Differentialinput10 μs/pointSelectableSynchronousI/O refreshingor Free-RunrefreshingNX-AD26084 points 1/8000-4000 to 4000±0.2%(full scale)Single-endedinput250 μs/pointFree-RunrefreshingNX-AD3603DifferentialinputNX-AD36041/30000-15000 to 15000±0.1%(full scale)Differentialinput10 μs/pointSelectableSynchronousI/O refreshingor Free-RunrefreshingNX-AD36088 points 1/8000-4000 to 4000±0.2%(full scale)Single-endedinput250 μs/pointFree-RunrefreshingNX-AD4603DifferentialinputNX-AD46041/30000-15000 to 15000±0.1%(full scale)Differentialinput10 μs/pointSelectableSynchronousI/O refreshingor Free-RunrefreshingNX-AD4608Current Input type2 points4 to20 mA 1/80000 to 8000±0.2%(full scale)Single-endedinput250 μs/point250 ΩFree-RunrefreshingNX-AD2203DifferentialinputNX-AD22041/300000 to 30000±0.1%(full scale)Differentialinput10 μs/pointSelectableSynchronousI/O refreshingor Free-RunrefreshingNX-AD22084 points 1/80000 to 8000±0.2%(full scale)Single-endedinput250 μs/pointFree-RunrefreshingNX-AD3203DifferentialinputNX-AD32041/300000 to 30000±0.1%(full scale)Differentialinput10 μs/pointSelectableSynchronousI/O refreshingor Free-RunrefreshingNX-AD32088 points 1/80000 to 8000±0.2%(full scale)Single-endedinput250 μs/point85 ΩFree-RunrefreshingNX-AD4203DifferentialinputNX-AD42041/300000 to 30000±0.1%(full scale)Differentialinput10 μs/pointSelectableSynchronousI/O refreshingor Free-RunrefreshingNX-AD4208Analog Output UnitsOptional ProductsAccessoriesNot included.Product nameSpecificationModelNumber of pointsOutput rangeResolution Output setting value, decimal number (0 to 100%)Over all accuracy(25°C)Conversiontime I/O refreshing method Voltage Output type2 points-10 to +10 V1/8000-4000 to 4000±0.3%(full scale)250 μs/point Free-Run refreshing NX-DA26031/30000-15000 to 15000±0.1%(full scale)10 μs/point Selectable Synchronous I/O refreshing or Free-Run refreshing NX-DA26054 points1/8000-4000 to 4000±0.3%(full scale)250 μs/point Free-Run refreshing NX-DA36031/30000-15000 to 15000±0.1%(full scale)10 μs/point Selectable Synchronous I/O refreshing or Free-Run refreshing NX-DA3605Current Output type2 points4 to 20 mA1/80000 to 8000±0.3%(full scale)250 μs/point Free-Run refreshing NX-DA22031/300000 to 30000±0.1%(full scale)10 μs/point Selectable Synchronous I/O refreshing or Free-Run refreshing NX-DA22054 points1/80000 to 8000±0.3%(full scale)250 μs/point Free-Run refreshing NX-DA32031/300000 to 30000±0.1%(full scale)10 μs/pointSelectable Synchronous I/O refreshing or Free-Run refreshingNX-DA3205Product nameSpecificationModel Unit/Terminal Block Coding PinsFor 10 Units(Terminal Block: 30 pins, Unit: 30 pins)NX-AUX02Product nameSpecificationModel No. of terminalsTerminal number indicationsGround terminal markTerminal currentcapacityTerminal Block8A/BNone10 ANX-TBA08212NX-TBA12216NX-TBA162General Specifications*Refer to the OMRON website () or ask your OMRON representative for the most recent applicable standards for each model.ItemSpecificationEnclosure Mounted in a panel Grounding methodGround to 100 Ω or less Operating environmentAmbient operating temperature 0 to 55°CAmbient operating humidity 10% to 95% (with no condensation or icing)AtmosphereMust be free from corrosive gases.Ambient storage temperature −25 to 70°C (with no condensation or icing)Altitude2,000 m max.Pollution degree2 or less: Meets IEC 61010-2-201.Noise immunity 2 kV on power supply line (Conforms to IEC61000-4-4.)Overvoltage categoryCategory II: Meets IEC 61010-2-201.EMC immunity level Zone BVibration resistance Conforms to IEC 60068-2-6.5 to 8.4 Hz with 3.5-mm amplitude, 8.4 to 150 Hz, acceleration of 9.8 m/s 2, 100 min each in X, Y, and Z directions(10 sweeps of 10 min each = 100 min total)Shock resistanceIConforms to IEC 60068-2-27. 147 m/s 2, 3 times each in X, Y, and Z directionsApplicable standards *cULus: Listed (UL508), ANSI/ISA 12.12.01, EU: EN 61131-2, C-Tick or RCM, KC Registration, NK, LRAnalog Input Unit SpecificationsAnalog Input Unit (voltage input type) 2 points NX-AD2603Analog Output Unit SpecificationsAnalog Output Unit (voltage output type) 2 points NX-DA2603Analog Output Unit (current output type) 2 points NX-DA2205Analog Output Unit (current output type) 4 points NX-DA3203Analog Output Unit (current output type) 4 points NX-DA3205Version InformationConnected to a CPU UnitRefer to the user's manual for the CPU Unit details on the CPU Units to which NX Units can be connected.Note:Some Units do not have all of the versions given in the above table. If a Unit does not have the specified version, support is provided by the oldestavailable version after the specified version. Refer to the user’s manuals for the specific Units for the relation between models and versions.Connected to an EtherCAT Coupler UnitNote:Some Units do not have all of the versions given in the above table. If a Unit does not have the specified version, support is provided by the oldestavailable version after the specified version. Refer to the user’s manuals for the specific Units for the relation between models and versions.Connected to an EtherNet/IP Coupler UnitNote:Some Units do not have all of the versions given in the above table. If a Unit does not have the specified version, support is provided by the oldestavailable version after the specified version. Refer to the user’s manuals for the specific Units for the relation between models and versions.*1Refer to the user’s manual for the EtherNet/IP Coupler Units for information on the unit versions of EtherNet/IP Units that are compatible withEtherNet/IP Coupler Units.*2Refer to the user’s manual for the EtherNet/IP Coupler Units for information on the unit versions of CPU Units and EtherNet/IP Units that arecompatible with EtherNet/IP Coupler Units.*3For connection to an EtherNet/IP Coupler Unit with unit version 1.0, connection is supported only for a connection to the peripheral USB porton the EtherNet/IP Coupler Unit. You cannot connect by any other path. If you need to connect by another path, use an EtherNet/IP Coupler Unit with unit version 1.2 or later.Connected to Communication Control UnitsNote:Some Units do not have all of the versions given in the above table. If a Unit does not have the specified version, support is provided by the oldestavailable version after the specified version. Refer to the user’s manuals for the specific Units for the relation between models and versions.NX UnitCorresponding unit versions/versions ModelUnit version CPU Unit Sysmac StudioNX-AD @@@@NX-DA @@@@Ver.1.0Ver.1.13Ver.1.17NX UnitCorresponding unit versions/versionsModelUnit version EtherCAT Coupler UnitCPU Unit or Industrial PC Sysmac StudioNX-AD @@@@NX-DA @@@@Ver.1.0Ver.1.0Ver.1.05Ver.1.06NX UnitCorresponding unit versions/versionsModelUnit versionApplication with an NJ/NX/NY-series Controller *1Application with a CS/CJ/CP-series PLC *2EtherNet/IP Coupler UnitCPU Unit or Industrial PCSysmac StudioEtherNet/IP Coupler UnitSysmac StudioNX-IO Configurator *3NX-AD @@@@NX-DA @@@@Ver. 1.0Ver. 1.2Ver. 1.14Ver. 1.19Ver. 1.0Ver. 1.10Ver. 1.00NX UnitCorresponding unit versions/versionsModelUnit versionCommunication Control UnitSysmac StudioNX-AD @@@@NX-DA @@@@Ver.1.0Ver.1.00Ver.1.24External InterfaceScrewless Clamping Terminal Block Type12 mm WidthLetter ItemSpecification(A)NX bus connector This connector is used to connect to another Unit.(B)Indicators The indicators show the current operating status of the Unit.(C)Terminal blockThe terminal block is used to connect to external devices.The number of terminals depends on the Unit.Terminal BlocksApplicable Terminal Blocks for Each Unit ModelLetter ItemSpecification(A)Terminal number indication The terminal number is identified by a column (A through D) and a row (1 through 8).Therefore, terminal numbers are written as a combination of columns and rows, A1 through A8 and B1 through B8.The terminal number indication is the same regardless of the number of terminals on the terminal block.(B)Release hole A flat-blade screwdriver is inserted here to attach and remove the wiring.(C)Terminal holeThe wires are inserted into these holes.Unit model Terminal BlocksModelNo. of terminalsTerminal number indications Ground terminalmark Terminal currentcapacity NX-AD2@@@NX-TBA0828A/B None 10 A NX-AD3@@@NX-TBA12212A/B None 10 A NX-AD4@@@NX-TBA16216A/B None 10 A NX-DA2@@@NX-TBA0828A/B None 10 A NX-DA3@@@NX-TBA12212A/BNone10 A12 mm w idth 8 terminals(B)12 mm w idth 12 terminals 12 mm w idth 16 terminals(C)(A)A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8Applicable WiresUsing FerrulesIf you use ferrules, attach the twisted wires to them.Observe the application instructions for your ferrules for the wire stripping length when attaching ferrules.Always use plated one-pin ferrules. Do not use unplated ferrules or two-pin ferrules.The applicable ferrules, wires, and crimping tool are given in the following table.*Some AWG 14 wires exceed 2.0 mm 2 and cannot be used in the screwless clamping terminal block.When you use any ferrules other than those in the above table, crimp them to the twisted wires so that the following processed dimensions are achieved.Using Twisted Wires/Solid WiresIf you use the twisted wires or the solid wires, use the following table to determine the correct wire specifications.*1.Secure wires to the screwless clamping terminal block. Refer to the Securing Wires in the USER'S MANUAL for how to secure wires.*2.With the NX-TB @@@1 Terminal Block, use twisted wires to connect the ground terminal. Do not use a solid wire.<Additional Information> If more than 2 A will flow on the wires, use plated wires or use ferrules.Terminal typeManufacturerFerrule modelApplicable wire (mm 2 (AWG))Crimping toolTerminals other than ground terminalsPhoenix ContactAI0,34-80.34 (#22)Phoenix Contact (The figure in parentheses is the applicable wire size.)CRIMPFOX 6 (0.25 to 6 mm 2, AWG24 to 10)AI0,5-80.5 (#20)AI0,5-10AI0,75-80.75 (#18)AI0,75-10AI1,0-8 1.0 (#18)AI1,0-10AI1,5-8 1.5 (#16)AI1,5-10Ground terminals AI2,5-10 2.0 *Terminals other than ground terminalsWeidmullerH0.14/120.14 (#26)Weidmuller (The figure in parentheses is the applicable wire size.)PZ6 Roto (0.14 to 6 mm 2, AWG 26 to 10)H0.25/120.25 (#24)H0.34/120.34 (#22)H0.5/140.5 (#20)H0.5/16H0.75/140.75 (#18)H0.75/16H1.0/14 1.0 (#18)H1.0/16H1.5/14 1.5 (#16)H1.5/16TerminalsWire typeWire sizeConductor length (stripping length)Twisted wires Solid wire Classification Current capacity PlatedUnplated Plated Unplated All terminals except ground terminals 2 A or less Possible PossiblePossible Possible 0.08 to 1.5 mm 2AWG28 to 168 to 10 mmGreater than2 A and 4 A or less Not Possible Possible *1Not Possible Greater than 4 A Possible *1Not Possible Ground terminals---PossiblePossiblePossible *2Possible *22.0 mm 29 to 10 mmFinished Dimensions of Ferrules1.6 mm max. (except ground terminals)2.0 mm max. (ground terminals)Conductor length (stripping length)Dimensions(Unit/mm) Screwless Clamping Terminal Block Type12 mm Width*The dimension is 1.35 mm for Units with lot numbers through December 2014.Related ManualCat. No.Model number Manual name Application DescriptionW522NX-AD@@@@NX-DA@@@@NX-series Analog I/O UnitsUser’s Manual for AnalogInput Units and AnalogOutput UnitsLearning how to use NX-seriesAnalog Input Units and AnalogOutput UnitsThe hardware, setup methods, and functions ofthe NX-series Analog Input Units and AnalogOutput Units are described.2020.10In the interest of product improvement, specifications are subject to change without notice. OMRON CorporationIndustrial Automation Company/。
牛津译林版八年级英语上册Unit 6 Reading (I) 示范公开课教学课件
Warming-up
Pre-reading
While-reading
Draw and retell
Draw your own mind map and retell the passage.
Post-reading
Warming-up
Think and talk
Pre-reading
It is one of the world’s 2. __________________________.
The area provides 3. ________________for a lot of wildlife.
Heilongjiang
Province
most
important wetlands
Data on Zhalong official website
Around the world
In China
In Zhalong
Number of cranes
about 2000
/
Types of cranes
15
9
6
nearly 800
?
cranes
4. Why does the writer call them “rare birds”? Look at the data (数据) on Zhalong official website and answer this question.
Read, circle and match
provide (line 3) perfect (line 3) lead to (line 10)prevent (line 13) tourist (line 17) understand (line 19)
华为告警分析+
华为告警分析+V2告警OID告警节点名称告警名称AlarmName 1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.1coldStart冷启动Cold Start 1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.2warmStart热启动Warm Start1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.3linkDown链路断开Link Down1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.4linkUp链路断开Link Up1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.5authenticationFailure认证失败Authentication failure1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.6Neibloss Egp邻居丢失Egp neighbor lost 1.3.6.1.2.1.10.166.2.0.1mplsXCUp MPLS交叉表项状态up MPLS XC Up1.3.6.1.2.1.10.166.2.0.2mplsXCDown MPLS交叉表项状态down MPLS XC Down1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.38.3.1hwBfdSessDown BFD会话状态由其它状态变为DownBFD session statuschanges to down1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.38.3.2hwBfdSessUp BFD会话状态由其它状态变为UpBFD session statuschanges to up1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.38.3.3hwBfdSessReachLimit全局会话数已达建⽴上限The session number reachthe global limit1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.38.3.4hwBfdSessReachLimitBindIf接⼝板会话数已达建⽴上限The session number reachthe interface limit主控板同步时钟故障MPU synchronized ClockFault1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.2hwMPUSynClkFaultyResume主控板同步时钟故障恢复Resuming MPUsynchronized Clock1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.3hwSlaveMPUNoResp备⽤主控板⽆应答故障Slave MPU no response1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.4hwSlaveMPUNoRespResume备⽤主控板⽆应答故障恢复Resuming slave MPUresponse1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.5hwBrdChannelFaulty单板到主控板通道故障Board channel faulty1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.6hwBrdChannelFaultyResume单板到主控板通道故障恢复Resuming Board channelfaulty1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.7hwBrdNofullin单板未插稳(DC)Board not full in1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.单板未插稳故障恢复(DC)Board full in1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.9hwBrdTypeNoMatchReset⽹板与线路板芯⽚类型不匹配Board Type no match1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.10hwBrdAutoSwtFail 单板⾃⾏切换同步时钟源后锁定失败Board Auto-Switch Fail1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.11hwBrdAutoSwt单板同步时钟源⾃动切换Board Auto-Switch1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.12hwBrdClkLockERR板卡⾃动选源The clock source of the board switch1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.13hwBrdClkLockERRResume板卡⾃动选源切换成功The clock source switchof the board succeeds1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.14hwBrdRemoved单板拔出(DC)Board Removed(DC) 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.15hwBrdInserted单板插⼊(DC)Board Inserted(DC)1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.16hwBrdUp单板注册成功(DC)Board Registration Success(DC)1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.17hwClkSrcMiss时钟源丢失Clk Source Missed2.18hwClkAllSrcLost 时钟板所有参考源丢失故障CLK all source lost1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.19hwClkAllSrcLostResume时钟板所有参考源丢失故障恢复Resuming lost CLK allsource1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.20hwClkFail时钟板硬件故障CLK hardware failed1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.21hwClkFailResume时钟板硬件故障恢复Resuming CLK hardware failed1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.22hwClkNoHeartbeat时钟板没有⼼跳故障CLK no heartbeat1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.23hwClkNoHeartbeat Resume时钟板没有⼼跳故障恢复Resuming CLK1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.24hwLPULostSynAlar m线路板⾼速接⼝⼊通道链路失败LPU synchronization Losted1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.25hwLPUOpenChannel Error线路板⾼速接⼝⼊⼝通道打开失败LPU SERDES interface open error1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.26hwLPUSlfTstErr 线路板⾃检失败LPU selftest error 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.27hwLPU3ClkSwitch 线路板三级时钟切换The third class colock of LPU switched1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.28hwSFULostHrtRese t ⽹板⼼跳丢失复位SFU Heart Beat Reset 1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.29hwSFULinkLostRes et⽹板复位SFU Reset1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.30hwSFUChannelLink Lost⽹板检测到⾼速接⼝⼊通道同步失败SFU Channel Link Losted 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.31hwSFUInChannelOp enFail⽹板⾼速接⼝⼊通道打开失败Fail to SFU input channel opened1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.32hwVoltSensorFail 电压传感器故障Voltage sensor failure 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.33hwVoltSensorFail Resume 电压传感器故障恢复Resuming Voltage Sensor 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.34hwVoltBtmC 电压低于致命门限故障Board voltage belows fatal threshold1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.35hwVoltBtmCResume 电压低于致命门限故障恢复Resuming fatal-belowed voltage of the board 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.36hwVoltSprC 电压超过致命极限值故障Board voltage overs fatal threshold1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.37hwVoltSprCResume 电压超过致命极限值故障恢复Resuming fatal-overed voltage of the board 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.38hwVoltBtmM 电压低于严重极限值故障Board voltage belows major threshold1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.39hwVoltBtmMResume 电压低于严重极限值故障恢复Resuming major-belowed voltage of the board 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.40hwVoltSprM 电压超过严重极限值故障Board voltage overs major threshold1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.41hwVoltSprMResume电压超过严重极限值故障恢复Resuming major-overed voltage of the board 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.42hwTempSensorFail 温度传感器故障Temperature sensor failure 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.43hwTempSensorFail温度传感器故障恢复Rsuming temperature sensor1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.44hwTempMnr温度超过轻微极限值故障Board temperature overs minor threshold1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.45hwTempMnrResume温度超过轻微极限值故障恢复Resuming minor-overed temperature of the board 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.46hwTempMjr 温度超过严重极限值故障Board temperature overs major threshold1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.47hwTempMjrResume温度超过严重极限值故障恢复Resuming major-overed temperature of the board 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.48hwTempCtl 温度超过致命极限值故障Board temperature overs fatal threshold1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.49hwTempCtlResume温度超过致命极限值故障恢复Resuming fatal-overed temperature of the board 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.50hwFanHFail 风扇单板硬件故障Fan hardware failure 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.51hwFanFail风扇故障Fan failure1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.52hwFanFailResume 风扇故障恢复Resuming Fan failure 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.53hwFanAbsent风扇框离位故障Fan absent2.54hwFanAbsentResum e 风扇框离位故障恢复Resuming fan absent 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.55hwFanCabUN风扇框电缆离位故障Fan cable unplugged1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.56hwFanCabUNResume风扇框电缆离位故障恢复Resuming fan cableunplugged1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.57hwPwrFail电源异常故障Power failure1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.58hwPwrFailResume 电源故障恢复Resuming power failure 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.59hwPwrAbsent电源离位故障Power absent1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.60hwPwrAbsentResum e电源离位故障恢复Resuming power absent 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.61hwPwrCabUN 电源电缆离位故障Power monitor cable unplugged1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.62hwPwrCabUNResume 电源电缆离位故障恢复Resuming power monitorcable unplugged1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.63hwLCDHFail LCD 单板硬件故障LCD hardware failure 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.64hwLCDFail LCD 故障LCD failure 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.65hwLCDAbsent LCD 离位故障LCD absent1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.67hwLCDCabUN LCD 电缆离位故障LCD cable unplugged1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.68hwLCDCabUNResume LCD 电缆离位故障恢复Resuming LCD cableunplugged1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.69hwROMFail EEPROM 器件故障EEPROM failure1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.70hwMonitorBUSFail Monitor 总线故障MonitorBUS failure 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.71hwMonitorBUSFail Resume Monitor 总线故障恢复Resuming MonitorBUSfailure 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.72hwBoardOfflineChange单板电源状态改变Power State Change1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.100hwWriteFlashErro r 写FLASH 异常Write FLASH exception 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.101hwBoardReset 单板复位(DC)Board Reset(DC)1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.102hwBoardResetSuccess单板复位完成(DC)Board Reset Success(DC)1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.103hwSlaveMPUReset 备板复位Standby board reset 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.104hwMasterSlaveSwa p 主备倒换Active/standby switchover 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.105hwRTCFail RTC 异常RTC exception 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.106hwExchangeChipFa il 主交换芯⽚发⽣异常Main control board1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.107hwTempResume板卡温度恢复正常Normal Tempreture of board 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.108hwOpticalModuleI nsert光学模块插⼊Optical Module Plug in1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.109hwOpticalModuleRemove光学模块拔出Optical Module Removed1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.110hwFPGAAbnormal主控板FPGA 异常FPGA in main controboard is abnormal1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.111hwMinMTunnelDownAlarmMac in Mac 隧道Down Mac in Mac Tunnel Down1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.112hwMinMTunnelUpAlarmMac in Mac 隧道Up Mac in Mac Tunnel Up1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.113hwInterfacePhysicalDown端⼝物理状态Down Interface Physical Down1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.114hwInterfacePhysicalUp端⼝物理状态Up Interface Physical Up1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.119hwBTBStartupFile NameDifferentBTB 主控启动⽂件与备份不同The start-up file name式冲突The Master and Slavechassises running modesconflict1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.121hwBTBCtrlChannel Fail FE 控制通道失败The FE control channelfailture 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.122 hwBTBCtrlChannel FailResume FE 控制通道失败恢复The FE control channelfailture resume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.123hwBTBDataChannelFailBTB数据通道失败The data channelfailture1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.124hwBTBDataChannelFailResumeBTB数据通道失败恢复The data channelfailture resume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.125hwBTBClkChannelFailBTB时钟通道失败The clock channelfailture1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.126hwBTBClkChannelFailResumeBTB时钟通道失败恢复The clock Channelfailture resume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.127hwBTBSFUOpticInterfaceErrorconnection error1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.128hwBTBSFUOpticInt erfaceErrorResumBTB光纤连接出错恢复The optical fiber connection error resume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.129hwBTBVSRInterfaceInvalidSFU VSR接⼝不可⽤The SFU VSR(very short reach) interface invalid1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.130hwBTBVSRInterfac eInvalidResumeSFU VSR接⼝不可⽤恢复The SFU VSR(very shortreach) interface invalid1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.131hwBTBSlaveChassisNoHeart备份机架不可⽤The slave chassis noheart1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.132hwBTBNoSlaveChassis⽆备份机架连接到主控机架No slave chassisconnected to the masterchassis in the BTB1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.133hwBTBSlaveChassi备份机架注册到主控机架成功The slave chassisregiste successful1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.134hwBTBSlaveChassisRegisteFail备份机架注册到主控机架失败The slave chassisregiste failed1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.135hwBTBChassisTypeConflictPAF与NVRAM信息冲突The chassis informationconflict in the PAF andNvram.1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.136hwSuperChangeSuccesful级别切换成功Level change success1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.137hwSuperChangeFailure级别切换失败Level change failure1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.138hwOpticaPowerAbnormal光学转换器功率异常Optica Power Abnormal1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.139hwEpldAbnormal EPLD器件异常Epld Abnormal 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.l CPLD 38.88M时钟异常CPLD 38.88M clockabnormal1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.141hwSerdesAbnormal RPR芯⽚100M时钟异常100M clock on RPR chipabnormal1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.142hwBoardAbnormal逻辑QDR0异常Logical QDR0 abnormal1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.143hwFeChannelAbnormal逻辑QDR1异常Logical QDR1 abnormal1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.144hwParityCheckAbnormalCPLD⾃检失败CPLD self-test failure1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.145hwPhyClockAbnormal成帧器⾃检失败Framer self-test failure1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.146hwPortAutoNegotiateFail以太端⼝⾃协商失败Ethernet port autonegotiate failed1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.147hwPortSemiduplex 以太端⼝⼯作在半双⼯状态The ethernet port worksunder semiduplex status.1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.37.2.148hwScuStartModeSe125M时钟异常125M clock abnormal1.3.6.1.2.1.14.16.2.1ospfVirtIfStateChangeOSPF虚接⼝状态改变OSPF Virtual Interface State Change1.3.6.1.2.1.14.16.2.2ospfNbrStateChangeOSPF邻居状态改变OSPF Nbr State Change1.3.6.1.2.1.14.16.2.3ospfVirtNbrStateChangeOSPF虚邻居状态改变OSPF Virtual Nbr State Change1.3.6.1.2.1.14.16.2.4ospfIfConfigErrorOSPF接⼝配置错误OSPF interface Configuration Error1.3.6.1.2.1.14.16.2.5ospfVirtIfConfigErrorOSPF虚接⼝配置错误OSPF Virtual Interface Configuration Error1.3.6.1.2.1.14.16.2.6ospfIfAuthFailureOSPF接⼝认证失败OSPF Interface Authentication Failure1.3.6.1.2.1.14.16.2.7ospfVirtIfAuthFailureOSPF虚接⼝认证失败OSPF Virtual Interface1.3.6.1.2.1.14.16.2.8ospfIfRxBadPacketOSPF收到不能解析的包OSPF Interface RX BadPacket1.3.6.1.2.1.14.16.2.9ospfVirtIfRxBadPacketOSPF虚接⼝收到不能解析的包OSPF Virtual InterfaceRX Bad Packet1.3.6.1.2.1.14.16.2.10ospfTxRetransmit OSPF重传OSPF包OSPF TxRetransmit1.3.6.1.2.1.14.16.2.11ospfVirtIfTxRetransmitOSPF虚接⼝转发OSPF包OSPF Virtual InterfaceTxRetransmit1.3.6.1.2.1.14.16.2.12ospfOriginateLsa OSPF产⽣新LSA OSPF Originate Lsa1.3.6.1.2.1.14.16.2.13ospfMaxAgeLsa OSPF LSA的age到达MAXAGEOSPF Max Age Lsa1.3.6.1.2.1.14.16.2.14ospfLsdbOverflow OSPF LSDB溢出OSPF LSDB Overflow1.3.6.1.2.1.14.16.2.15ospfLsdbApproachingOverflowOSPF LSDB ApproachingOverflow1.3.6.1.2.1.14.16.2.16ospfIfStateChangeOSPF接⼝状态改变OSPF Interface State Change1.3.6.1.2.1.14.16.2.17ospfNssaTranslat orStatusChange路由器转换LSA报⽂类型的能⼒发⽣改变OSPF Nssa TranslatorStatus Change1.3.6.1.2.1.14.16.2.18ospfRestartStatu sChange路由器重启状态改变OSPF Restart StatusChange1.3.6.1.2.1.14.16.2.19ospfNbrRestartHe lperStatusChange邻居路由器重启帮助状态改变OSPF Nbr Restart HelperStatus Change1.3.6.1.2.1.14.16.2.20ospfVirtNbrResta rtHelperStatusChange虚拟邻居路由器重启帮助状态改变OSPF Virtual Nbr Restart1.3.6.1.2.1.47.2.0.1entConfigChange实体配置改变Entity Configuration Change1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.119.1.2.1hwVplsVcDown Vpls Vc状态down(EXT)Vpls Vc status down(EXT)1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.119.1.2.2hwVplsVcUp Vpls Vc状态up(EXT)Vpls Vc status up1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.119.1.2.5hwVplsVcBackup Vpls Vc状态backup Vpls Vc state change to backup1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.119.1.2.3hwVplsVsiDown Vpls VSI状态down Vpls VSI state change to down1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.119.1.2.4hwVplsVsiUp Vpls VSI状态up Vpls VSI state change to up1.3.6.1.2.1.10.18.15.0.1dsx1LineStatusChangeDSX1 Line状态变化DSX1 Line Status1.3.6.1.2.1.10.30.15.0.1dsx3LineStatusChangeDSX3 Line状态变化DSX3 Line Status1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.10.2.1hwCfgManEventlog配置改变Huawei Configuration Changed1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.10.2.2hwCfgOperateCompletion配置完成Huawei ConfigurationComplete1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.10.2.3hwCfgInconsistent配置冲突Inconsistent1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.10.2.4hwCfgInconsistentResume配置冲突恢复Resume HuaweiConfiguration1.3.6.1.2.1.68.0.1vrrpTrapNewMasterVRRP主备倒换VRRP slave switch to master1.3.6.1.2.1.68.0.2vrrpTrapAuthFailureVRRP验证失败告警VRRP Auth Failure Alarm1.3.6.1.2.1.68.1vrrpTrapNewMasterVRRP主备倒换New Master1.3.6.1.2.1.68.2vrrpTrapAuthFailureVRRP验证失败告警VRRP Auth Failure Alarm1.3.6.1.2.1.68.0.4vrrpTrapMasterDownVRRP master状态变化Transition of VRRP FromMASTER To Other States1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.122.1.1hwVgmpOtherStateToMaster管理组切⼊master状态Status1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.122.1.2hwVgmpMasterToOtherState管理组由主状态新进⼊其它状态Vgmp Leaves MasterStatus1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.32.4.1.11. 1hwXQoSCpDefendDi scardedRateAlarm防攻击报⽂丢弃速率过⾼告警XQoS CPU DefendDiscarded Rate Alarm1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.32.4.1.11. 2hwXQoSQueueDisca rdThresholdTrapXQoS队列丢弃报⽂数越限The number of packagesthat XQoS queue discardis larger than theconfigured threshold1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.32.4.1.11. 6hwIrsmDelay IRSM组播时延越限IRSM Delay OverThreshold1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.32.4.1.11. 7HwIrsmDropPacket IRSM组播丢包IRSM Multicast PacketsDrop1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.32.4.1.11. 8HwIrsmSynFrameDrIRSM同步帧丢失IRSM Sync Frame Drop1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.32.4.1.11. 3hwXQoSCpDefendDi scardedPacketAlarm防攻击报⽂丢弃告警XQoS CPU DefendDiscarded Packet Alarm1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.32.4.1.11. 4hwXQoSCpDefendDi scardedPacketAlarmClear防攻击报⽂丢弃告警恢复XQoS CPUDefendDiscardedPacketAlarmClear1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.165.1.11.1hwBaseSecurityUr pfDiscardedRateRisingURPF报⽂丢弃告警URPF Discarded PacketAlarm1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.165.1.11.2hwBaseSecurityUr pfDiscardedRateResumeURPF报⽂丢弃告警恢复URPF Discarded PacketsAlarm Resume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.165.1.11.3hwBaseSecurityTc pipAttackDiscardedRateRisingTCP/IP攻击报⽂丢弃告TCP/IP Discarded AttackPackets Alarm1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.165.1.11.4hwBaseSecurityTc pipAttackDiscardedRateResumeTCP/IP攻击报⽂丢弃告警恢复TCP/IP Discarded AttackPackets Alarm Resume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.165.1.11.5hwBaseSecurityMA DiscardedRateRising管理与业务平⾯保护⾮法报⽂丢弃告警Management and ServiceProtection PlaneDiscarded Attack PacketAlarm1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.165.1.11.6hwBaseSecurityMA DiscardedRateResume管理与业务平⾯保护⾮法报⽂丢弃告警恢复Management and ServiceProtection PlaneDiscarded Packet AlarmResume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.165.1.11.7hwBaseSecurityAp plicationApperceiveDiscardedRateRising应⽤层联动⾮法报⽂丢弃告警Application LayerAttack Packets Alarm1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.165.1.11.8hwBaseSecurityAp plicationApperceiveDiscardedRateResume应⽤层联动⾮法报⽂丢弃告警恢复Application LayerAssociation DiscardedAttack Packets AlarmResume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.44.99.1hwCfgRefreshFail Alarm刷新多播表失败Failed to refreshmulticast table1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.44.99.2hwMCastTableLoad AbnormalNotify路由多播表满Multicast table full1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.44.99.3hwMCastTableLoad AbnormalResume路由多播表恢复正常Multicast table normal1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.44.99.4hwMCastVlanFailA larm配置保护vlan失败Configed Protect-vlanFail1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.44.99.5hwMCastVlanOkNot ify配置保护vlan成功Configed Protect-vlanSuccess1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.44.99.6hwMCastApsSwitch Alarm1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.44.99.7hwMCastApsIdleNotify完成切换APS APS Switching Finish1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.1.1hwEntityRemove实体拔出(Base)Entity Removed(Base) 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.1.2hwEntityInsert实体插⼊(Base)Entity Inserted(Base) 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.1.3hwEntityUnstable物理实体未插稳Entity Unstable1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.1.4hwEntityUnstableResume物理实体未插稳恢复Entity Unstable Resume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.1.5hwEntityReset单板复位(Base)Board Reset(Base)1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.1.6hwEntityResetDone 单板复位完成(Base)Board ResetSuccess(Base)1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.1.7hwEntityCommunicateError通道检测失败（⽆⼼跳）Entity Communicate Error1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.1.8hwEntityCommunicateResume通道检测失败恢复（⽆⼼跳恢复）Entity CommunicateResume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.1.9hwEntityInvalid物理实体故障Entity Invalid 1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.1.10hwEntityResume物理实体故障恢复Entity Resume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.1.11hwEntityLeaveMaster物理实体退出主⽤状态Entity Leave Master1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.1.12hwEntityBecomeMaster物理实体进⼊主⽤状态Entity Become Master1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.1.13hwEntityOffline物理实体变成离位状态Entity Offline 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.1.14hwEntityOnline物理实体变成在位状态Entity Online1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.1.15hwEntityCheckFail 物理实体检测失败Entity Check Fail1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.1.16hwEntityCheckResume物理实体检测失败恢复Entity Check Resume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.1.17hwEntityRegFail实体注册失败(Base)Entity Registration Fail(Base)1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.1.18hwEntityRegSuccess实体注册成功(Base)Entity RegistrationSuccess(Base)1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.2.1hwTempRisingAlarm 温度⾼于上限告警Temperature Rising Alarm1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.me温度⾼于上限告警恢复Temperature RisingResume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.2.3hwTempFallingAlarm温度低于下限告警Temperature FallingAlarm1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.2.4hwTempFallingResume温度低于下限告警恢复Temperature FallingResume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.2.5hwHumidityRisingAlarm湿度⾼于上限告警Humidity Rising Alarm1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.2.6hwHumidityRisingResume湿度⾼于上限告警恢复Humidity Rising Resume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.2.7hwHumidityFallingAlarm湿度低于下限告警Humidity Falling Alarm1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.2.8hwHumidityFallingResume湿度低于下限告警恢复Humidity Falling Resume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.2.9hwVoltRisingAlar1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.2.10hwVoltRisingResume电压⾼于上限告警恢复Voltage Rising Resume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.2.11hwVoltFallingAlarm电压低于下限告警Voltage Falling Alarm1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.2.12hwVoltFallingResume电压低于下限告警恢复Voltage Falling Resume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.2.13hwCurrentRisingAlarm电流升过上阀值Current Rising Alarm1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.2.14hwCurrentRisingResume电流降回正常⽔平Current Rising Resume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.2.15hwCurrentFallingAlarm电流降过下阀值Current Falling Alarm1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.2.16hwCurrentFallingResume电流升回正常⽔平Current Falling Resume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.2.17hwPowerRisingAlarm光电功率升过上阀值Power Rising Alarm1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.2.18hwPowerRisingRes光电功率降回正常⽔平Power Rising Resume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.2.19hwPowerFallingAlarm光电功率降过下阀值Power Falling Alarm1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.2.20hwPowerFallingResume光电功率升回正常⽔平Power Falling Resume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.3.1hwPowerOff电源模块掉电告警Power Off 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.3.2hwPowerOn电源模块掉电告警恢复Power On 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.3.3hwPowerMixed电源类型不⼀致Power Mixed 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.3.4hwPowerMixedResume电源类型恢复⼀致Power Mixed Resume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.4.1hwCPUUtilizationRisingAlarm物理实体CPU利⽤率过⾼CPU Utilization RisingAlarm1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.4.2hwCPUUtilizationResume物理实体CPU利⽤率过⾼恢复CPU Utilization Resume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.wn物理端⼝DOWN Port Physical Down1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.5.2hwPortPhysicalUp物理端⼝UP Port Physical Up1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.5.3hwPortPhysicalNoTrafficAlarm端⼝⽆流量告警Port Physical NoTrafficAlarm1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.5.4hwPortPhysicalNoTrafficResume端⼝⽆流量告警恢复Port Physical NoTrafficResume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.5.5hwPortPhysicalTrafficRisingAlarm端⼝流量超过阈值告警Port Physical TrafficRising Alarm1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.5.6hwPortPhysicalTrafficResume端⼝流量恢复到阈值以下Port Physical TrafficResume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.5.7hwPortPhysicalCrcErrorRisingAlarm端⼝CRC错误超过阈值Port Physical Crc Error Rising Alarm1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.5.8hwPortPhysicalCr cErrorResume端⼝CRC错误恢复到阈值以下Port Physical Crc Error Resume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.5.9hwPortPhysicalEt hBroadcastRising Alarm以太⽹端⼝⼴播报⽂速率超过阈值告警Port Physical Ethernet Broadcast Rising Alarm1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.5.10hwPortPhysicalEt hBroadcastResume以太⽹端⼝的⼴播报⽂速率恢复到阈值以下Port Physical Ethernet Broadcast Resume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.5.11hwPortPhysicalEt hHalfDuplexAlarm以太⽹端⼝⼯作在半双⼯模式下告警Port Physical Ethernet Half Duplex Alarm1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.5.12hwPortPhysicalEt hFullDuplexResum以太⽹端⼝⼯作在全双⼯模式下告警恢复Port Physical EthernetFull Duplex Resume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.5.13hwPortPhysicalPo rtTypeChange端⼝类型改变Port Type Changed1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.6.1hwStorageUtiliza tionRisingAlarm存储介质使⽤率超过上限Storage UtilizationRising Alarm1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.6.2hwStorageUtiliza tionResume存储介质使⽤率超过上限恢复Storage UtilizationResume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.2.21hwPowerInsuffici encyAlarm功率不⾜告警Alarm generated in caseof power supplyinsufficiency1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.2.22hwPowerInsuffici encyResume功率不⾜告警恢复Alarm generated in caseinsufficiency Resume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.173.3.1hwDldpUniDirectLink检测到单向链路Alarm generated when theundirectional link isdetected1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.173.3.2hwDldpLinkResume检测到单向链路恢复Alarm generated when the undirectional link is detected Resume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.174.3.1hwLdtPortLoop端⼝检测到环路告警Alarm generated when the loop is detected on an interface 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.174.3.2hwLdtPortRecovry 端⼝检测到环路告警恢复Alarm generated when theloop is detected on aninterface Resume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.9.1hwFIBOverloadSuspendFIB过载挂起FIB Overload Suspend1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.9.2hwFIBOverloadSusResumeFIB过载恢复FIB Overload SuspendResume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.9.3hwFIBOverloadForward接⼝板IPV4/IPV6 FIB模块超限转发FIB Overload Forward1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.9.4hwFIBOverloadFwResume接⼝板IPV4/IPV6 FIB模块超限转发恢复FIB Overload ForwardResume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.10.1hwPppLoopbackDetect接⼝检测到环路PPP Loopback Detect1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.10.2hwPppLoopbackDetResume接⼝环路已清除PPP Loopback Resume1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.11.1hwFlowCongestion拥塞告警Congestion alarm1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.11.2hwFlowCongestionResume拥塞告警清除Clearance of thecongestion alarm1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.12.1hwDeviceAbnormalRisingAlarm设备异常告警Device abnormal orpulled out4248hwDeviceAbnormalRisingAlarm单板上CFCard故障告警The CFCard on board isfailed1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.13.1hwResExhaustBfdAlarmBFD申请硬件资源耗尽的告警BFD hardware resourceexhaustion1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.13.2hwResExhaustBfdResumeBFD申请硬件资源耗尽故障恢复Alarm of BFD hardwareresource exhaustioncleared1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.14.1hwResExhaustOamAlarmOAM申请硬件资源耗尽的告警OAM hardware resourceexhaustion1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.129.2.14.2hwResExhaustOamResumeOAM申请硬件资源耗尽故障恢复Alarm of OAM hardwareresource exhaustioncleared1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.131.1.1hwLiMIBActive合法监听使能告警Capable of intercepting packet 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.131.1.2hwLiX3HeatBeatAlarm合法监听⼼跳丢失Lost connection tointercepting device1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.131.1.3hwLiX3HeatBeatRecover合法监听⼼跳恢复Recover connection tointercepting device1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.36.2.1hwRPRexcessReservedRateDefectRPR保留带宽超过线路带宽的告警RPR excess reserved ratedefect1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.36.2.2hwRPRprotMisconfigDefectRPR保护状态错误RPR protection misconfigdefect1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.36.2.3hwRPRtopoChange RPR拓扑改变告警RPR topo Change1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.36.2.4hwRPRtopoInvalidDefectRPR拓扑⽆效告警RPR topo invalid defect1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.36.2.5hwRPRduplicateMacAddressDefectMAC地址冲突告警RPR duplicate MacAddress Defect1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.36.2.6hwRPRtopoInstabilityDefectRPR拓扑不稳定告警RPR topo instabilitydefect1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.36.2.7hwRPRtopoStabilityRestoreRPR拓扑不稳定恢复RPR topo stabilityrestore1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.36.2.8hwRPRPhyIfEventTrapRPR物理接⼝故障告警RPR Physical Interface Defect1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.36.2.9hwRPRLogicIfEventTrapRPR逻辑接⼝故障告警RPR Logical InterfaceDefect1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.36.2.10hwRPRNodeConErr 节点⽆法收到Single-Choke帧的告警The node fails toreceive the Single-Chokeframe1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.36.2.11hwRPRNodeConErrResume节点⽆法收到Single-Choke帧的清除告警The node fails toreceive the clear alarm1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.36.2.12hwRPRNodeMisCabling光纤连接错误告警Optical fiber connectionerror alarm1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.36.2.13hwRPRNodeMisCablingResume。
BERT的初始标准差0.02以及Warmup、LN的作用
BERT 的初始标准差0.02以及Warmup 、LN 的作⽤前⼏天在群⾥⼤家讨论到了“Transformer 如何解决梯度消失”这个问题，答案有提到残差的，也有提到LN （Layer Norm ）的。
这些是否都是正确答案呢？事实上这是⼀个⾮常有趣⽽综合的问题，它其实关联到挺多模型细节，⽐如“BERT 为什么要warmup ？”、“BERT 的初始化标准差为什么是0.02？”、“BERT 做MLM 预测之前为什么还要多加⼀层Dense ？”，等等。
本⽂就来集中讨论⼀下这些问题。
梯度消失说的是什么意思？在⽂章中，我们曾讨论过RNN 的梯度消失问题。
事实上，⼀般模型的梯度消失现象也是类似，它指的是（主要是在模型的初始阶段）越靠近输⼊的层梯度越⼩，趋于零甚⾄等于零，⽽我们主要⽤的是基于梯度的优化器，所以梯度消失意味着我们没有很好的信号去调整优化前⾯的层。
换句话说，前⾯的层也许⼏乎没有得到更新，⼀直保持随机初始化的状态；只有⽐较靠近输出的层才更新得⽐较好，但这些层的输⼊是前⾯没有更新好的层的输出，所以输⼊质量可能会很糟糕（因为经过了⼀个近乎随机的变换），因此哪怕后⾯的层更新好了，总体效果也不好。
最终，我们会观察到很反直觉的现象：模型越深，效果越差，哪怕训练集都如此。
解决梯度消失的⼀个标准⽅法就是残差链接，正式提出于中。
残差的思想⾮常简单直接：你不是担⼼输⼊的梯度会消失吗？那我直接给它补上⼀个梯度为常数的项不就⾏了？最简单地，将模型变成这样⼀来，由于多了⼀条“直通”路，就算中的梯度消失了，的梯度基本上也能得以保留，从⽽使得深层模型得到有效的训练。
LN 真的能缓解梯度消失？然⽽，在BERT 和最初的Transformer ⾥边，使⽤的是Post Norm 设计，它把Norm 操作加在了残差之后：其实具体的Norm ⽅法不⼤重要，不管是Batch Norm 还是Layer Norm ，结论都类似。
在⽂章中，我们已经分析过这种Norm 结构，这⾥再来重复⼀下。
huggingface trainer 参数
huggingface trainer 参数Huggingface Trainer 参数简介•Huggingface Trainer 是一个用于训练和评估自然语言处理（NLP）模型的高级工具。
•通过灵活的参数设置，可以根据不同的需求进行模型训练和推理。
•本文将介绍一些常用的 Huggingface Trainer 参数，帮助读者更好地理解和使用该工具。
参数列表model•模型参数，指定要训练或评估的模型。
•可以是预训练模型的名称或模型对象。
args•训练和评估参数，包含了各种设置和超参数。
•包括output_dir（输出目录）、per_device_train_batch_size（每个设备的训练批次大小）等。
data_collator•数据整理参数，用于处理输入数据的格式和排列。
•可以选择通过default_data_collator使用默认参数，也可以自定义数据整理函数。
train_dataset和eval_dataset•训练和评估数据集。
•可以是包含样本的Dataset对象或文件路径。
•可以选择使用load_dataset函数加载常见数据集，也可以自己创建数据集。
tokenizer•分词器参数，用于将文本数据分词处理。
•可以是预训练分词器的名称或分词器对象。
•可以选择通过_pretrained使用预训练分词器。
compute_metrics•用于计算评估指标的函数。
•可以使用内置评估函数，也可以自定义评估函数。
•常见的指标包括准确率、召回率、F1 值等。
callbacks•回调函数参数，用于在训练过程中插入自定义逻辑。
•可以选择使用内置的训练回调函数，也可以自定义回调函数。
optimizers•优化器参数，用于指定训练过程中使用的优化算法。
•可以选择使用内置优化器，也可以自定义优化器。
scheduler•调度器参数，用于动态调整学习率等超参数。
•可以选择使用内置调度器，也可以自定义调度器。
李宏毅-B站机器学习视频课件BP全
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智能融合2和冰雪2嵌入式非易失性存储（eNVM）模拟说明书
SmartFusion2 and IGLOO2 Embedded Nonvolatile Memory (eNVM) SimulationSmartFusion2 and IGLOO2 Embedded Nonvolatile Memory (eNVM) Simulation Table of ContentsIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31NVM Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42eNVM Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 eNVM Internal Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 eNVM Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63eNVM Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Writing to the eNVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Reading from the eNVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Erasing the eNVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Product Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Customer Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Customer Technical Support Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Website . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Contacting the Customer Technical Support Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 ITAR Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12IntroductionThe SmartFusion2 MSS has an on-chip embedded non-volatile memory (eNVM). You can access theeNVM using the eNVM controller. This controller is a slave of the MSS AHB Switch Matrix and canreceive commands from a master located either inside the MSS (i.e., Cortex M3) or a master located inthe fabric via the Fabric Interface Controllers (FIC_0 or FIC_1).This document describes the steps required to simulate eNVM operation.1 – NVM ConfigurationYou can configure the eNVM using the MSS eNVM configurator. Using the eNVM configurator, you can:•Add Serialization and Data Storage clients•Supply data files that will be used to initialize the eNVM block when you program your device For details, and to learn about the eNVM configurator options, refer to the SmartFusion2 MSS eNVMConfiguration Guide.2 – eNVM OrganizationThis chapter describes the internal organization of the eNVM, and how it is accessed by Masters in the MSS and the FPGA fabric.The eNVM is a nonvolatile (flash) memory that is divided into pages. Each page of the eNVM contains 128 bytes (accessible as 32 words).The total capacity of the eNVM varies with the SmartFusion2 or IGLOO2 device you are using. Table 2-1 provides a list of devices and eNVM capacities.Note:On the larger (M2S/M2GL090/150) devices, the eNVM is composed of two blocks (eNVM_0 andeNVM_1), which are accessed separatelyeNVM Internal OrganizationEach eNVM is divided into pages. One page is a 128-byte section of the eNVM. The eNVM is word-addressable. Table 2-2 and Table 2-3 list the ranges of the eNVM pages for different devices.Table 2-1 • eNVM Capacity by Device DeviceeNVM capacity (bytes)SmartFusion2M2S0051 x 128KB M2S010, M2S025, M2S050, M2S0601 x 256KB M2S090, M2S1502 x 256KB IGLOO2M2GL0051 x 128KB M2GL010, M2GL025, M2GL050, M2GL0601 x 256KB M2GL090, M2GL1502 x 256KBTable 2-2 • SmartFusion2 eNVM Page RangesDevice Capacity Total Pages (User + Reserved)Total Reserved Pages User Page Range (Available to User) Reserved Page Range(Unavailable to User)M2S005128KB1024160-10071008-1023M2S010, M2S025, M2S050256KB2048160-20312032-2047M2S050T_ES256KB2048330-20142015-2047Note:For IGLOO2, Reserved Pages are used by the HPMS to store Certificate/Digest and Peripheralconfiguration data for SERDES, FDDR and MDDR. For SmartFusion2, Reserved Pages are used by the MSS to store Certificate/Digest only. Reserved pages are for internal use only and not available to the user.eNVM AccessThe SmartFusion2 eNVM is part of the MSS. It is accessed via the eNVM Controller, which is a slave of the MSS AHB Switch Matrix (Figure 2-1). Masters of the AHB Switch Matrix (MSS Cortex-M3), a Fabric Master (via the FIC32_0/1 interfaces) can read from and write to the eNVM.•All eNVM accesses are performed using AHB read and write transactions•Irrespective of the master initiating the access, the procedure to read and write the eNVM remains the sameM2S060256KB 2048640-19831984-2047M2S090, M2S150512KB4096640-40314032-4095Table 2-2 • SmartFusion2 eNVM Page Ranges (continued)Device Capacity Total Pages (User + Reserved)Total Reserved Pages User Page Range (Available to User) Reserved Page Range(Unavailable to User)Table 2-3 • IGLOO2 eNVM Page RangesDevice Capacity Total Pages (User+Reserved)Total Reserved Pages User Page Range (Available to User) Reserved PageRange(Unavailable to User)M2GL005128KB 1024480-975976-1023M2GL010,M2GL025, M2GL050256KB 2048480-19992000-2047M2GL060256KB 2048960-19511952-2047M2GL090, M2GL150512KB4096960-39994000-4095Figure 2-1 • eNVM Access3 – eNVM SimulationThe eNVM simulation model fully models the commands and bus transactions required to access theeNVM on silicon.To access the eNVM, you must initiate AMBA transactions using either the Cortex-M3 Master or a FabricMaster (Using the FIC Slave Interface).Before accessing the eNVM, Microsemi recommends that you poll bit #0 of the eNVM status register(address: 0x60080120). If this bit is 0, the eNVM is busy. Wait until this bit becomes 1 to access theeNVM.Writing to the eNVMYou can simulate writing to eNVM from the following bus masters:•Cortex-M3 (SmartFusion2 only)•Fabric AHB Master (via FIC_0 or FIC_1)•Fabric APB Master (via FIC_0 or FIC_1)Writes to the eNVM are buffered. You must first write your data into the write data buffer (WDB) and thenuse a single command to commit (program) your data into one page of the eNVM.The sequence of transactions required to program the eNVM is:1.Request exclusive access to the eNVM control register set. This is necessary to ensure that noother Master can write to the eNVM at the same time, and is done by writing 0x1 to theREQACCESS register (address: 0x600801FC)The Master that is requesting exclusive access must then check that the request has beengranted by reading back from the REQACCESS register.–On read back, check bit #2 (counting up from 0). If it is 1, the request was successful.–If bit #2 is 0, the request for exclusive access was denied, and the eNVM cannot be written at this time.2.Write your data into the WDB; the WDB is a byte-addressable 1024-bit buffer. Its base address is:0x60080080 for eNVM_0 and at 0x600C0080 for eNVM_1.pute values of bits that will be written into the eNVM Command Register:–Bits 31-24 should be 0x80 (Hex) to specify the ProgramADS command code.–Bits [17:7] corresponds to the eNVM page address to be written–Bits [23:18] and [6:0] are not relevant for the ProgramADS command and can be written 0x0 (Hex)For details about what values to use, refer to Table 4-7 in the SmartFusion2 Microcontroller SubsystemUser's Guide.4.Write eNVM Command Register (address: 0x60080148) with the data computed in Step 3 aboveNote that the eNVM will not respond to further commands until the write is completeNote that on silicon, writing a page of the eNVM may take up to 8ms, but in simulation, this stepcompletes in a few clock cycles5.Release exclusive access to the eNVM control register set by writing 0x0 to the REQACCESSregister.The following is an example of a Cortex-M3 BFM script configured to write a block of data to eNVM0.Assume that you want to write two 32-bit words 0xaaaaaaaa and 0xbbbbbbbb into page 25 of the eNVM.#1. Wait for bit 0 of status register to become 1pollbit w 0x60080120 0x0 0 1#2. Request exclusive access to the eNVM control register setwrite w 0x600801fc 0x0 0x1#2b. Readcheck to see if access has been grantedreadcheck w 0x600801fc 0x0 0x5 (for MSS master)#The simulation will fail if access has not been granted#3. Write data to the WDBwrite w 0x60080080 0x0 0xaaaaaaaawrite w 0x60080080 0x4 0xbbbbbbbb#4. Compute the value of the command register: Bits[31-19]: '0000 1000 0000 0'#Bits[18-7]: '000 0000 1100 1' (25 in decimal)#Bits[6-0]: '000 0000'#Complete string: 0x08000c80#5. Write the command registerwrite w 0x60080148 0x0 0x08000c80#6. Release exclusive access to the eNVMwrite w 0x600801fc 0x0 0x0Refer to the SmartFusion2 FPGA Microcontroller Subsystem BFM Simulation Guide for generalguidelines on BFM simulations for SmartFusion2 designs.Reading from the eNVMThe eNVM can be read as a byte-addressable random access memory. The address range for reads isgiven in Table3-1.Table3-1 • eNVM Read Address RangesENVM0ENVM1Base Address0x600000000x60040000Max read address (005)0x6002FFFF N/AMax read address (010,025,050, 060)0x6003FFFF N/AMax read address (090,150)0x6003FFFF 0x6007FFFF The eNVM is accessible directly, similar to a random access memory. The address ranges of the eNVMsare given in Table3-1. To read any location in the eNVM, first compute the offset address as follows:Offset Address = (Page #) * 0x80 + (Address of Word in Page)The Base Address will be either 0x60000000 or 0x60040000, depending on whether you are accessingeNVM_0 or eNVM_1.The following is an example that demonstrates how to read data from eNVM_0. In the example above,two 32-bit words "0xaaaaaaaa" and "0xbbbbbbbb" were written into addresses 0x0 and 0x4 of Page# 25of eNVM_0. The example below shows an attempt to read the same two words back.#1. Wait for bit 0 of status register to become 1pollbit w 0x60080120 0x0 0 1#2 Read first word#2a Base Address = 0x60000000#2b Word in Page = 0x0 (first word). Page Number = 25.# Offset Address = 0x80 * 25 + 0x0 = 0xc80#2c Read and compare word to what was written in Fig. 2readcheck w 0x60000000 0xc80 0xaaaaaaaa#3 Read second word#3a Base Address = 0x60000000#3b Word in Page = 0x4 (second word). Page Number = 25.# Offset Address = 0x80 * 25 + 0x4 = 0xc84#3c Read and compare word to what was written in Fig. 2readcheck w 0x60000000 0xc84 0xbbbbbbbbErasing the eNVMYou can also erase the contents of the eNVM, one page at a time using the following steps:1.Request exclusive access to the eNVM control register set. This is necessary to ensure that noother Master can write to the eNVM at the same time. This is done by writing 0x1 to theREQACCESS register (address: 0x600801FC). The Master that is requesting exclusive accessmust then check that the request has been granted by reading back from the REQACCESSregister.–On read back, check bit #2 (counting up from 0). If it is 1, the request was successful.–If bit #2 is 0, the request for exclusive access was denied, and the eNVM cannot be written at this time.pute values of bits that will be written into the eNVM Command Register:–Bits 31-20: "0x020"–Bit19:0–Bits 18-7 corresponds to the number of the page to be written–Bits 6-0: “0x0"3.Write eNVM Command Register (address: 0x60080148) with the data computed in the previousstep.The eNVM will not respond to further commands until the erase is complete.Note that on silicon, erasing a page of the eNVM may take up to 8ms, but in simulation, this stepcompletes in a few clock cycles.4.Release exclusive access to the eNVM control register set by writing 0x0 to the REQACCESSregister.The example below shows a sequence of instructions to erase page #25 of eNVM_0.#1. Wait for bit 0 of status register to become '1'pollbit w 0x60080120 0x0 0 1#2. Request exclusive access to the eNVM control register setwrite w 0x600801fc 0x0 0x1#2c. Readcheck to see if access has been grantedreadcheck w 0x600801fc 0x0 0x5 (for MSS master)#The simulation will fail if access has not been granted#3. Compute the value of the command register: Bits[31-19]: '0000 0010 0000 0'#Bits[18-7]: '000 0000 1100 1' (25 in decimal)#Bits[6-0]: '000 0000'#Complete string: 0x02000c80#4. Write the command registerwrite w 0x60080148 0x0 0x02000c80#5. Release exclusive access to the eNVMwrite w 0x600801fc 0x0 0x04 – Product SupportMicrosemi SoC Products Group backs its products with various support services, including CustomerService, Customer Technical Support Center, a website, electronic mail, and worldwide sales offices.This appendix contains information about contacting Microsemi SoC Products Group and using thesesupport services.Customer ServiceContact Customer Service for non-technical product support, such as product pricing, product upgrades,update information, order status, and authorization.From North America, call 800.262.1060From the rest of the world, call 650.318.4460Fax, from anywhere in the world, 408.643.6913Customer Technical Support CenterMicrosemi SoC Products Group staffs its Customer Technical Support Center with highly skilledengineers who can help answer your hardware, software, and design questions about Microsemi SoCProducts. The Customer Technical Support Center spends a great deal of time creating applicationnotes, answers to common design cycle questions, documentation of known issues, and various FAQs.So, before you contact us, please visit our online resources. It is very likely we have already answeredyour questions.Technical SupportVisit the Customer Support website (/soc/support/search/default.aspx) for moreinformation and support. Many answers available on the searchable web resource include diagrams,illustrations, and links to other resources on the website.WebsiteYou can browse a variety of technical and non-technical information on the SoC home page, at/soc.Contacting the Customer Technical Support CenterHighly skilled engineers staff the Technical Support Center. The Technical Support Center can becontacted by email or through the Microsemi SoC Products Group website.EmailYou can communicate your technical questions to our email address and receive answers back by email,fax, or phone. Also, if you have design problems, you can email your design files to receive assistance.We constantly monitor the email account throughout the day. When sending your request to us, pleasebe sure to include your full name, company name, and your contact information for efficient processing ofyour request.The technical support email address is **********************.5-02-00498-2/07.15Microsemi makes no warranty, representation, or guarantee regarding the information contained herein or the suitability of its products and services for any particular purpose, nor does Microsemi assume any liability whatsoever arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit. The products sold hereunder and any other products sold by Microsemi have been subject to limited testing and should not be used in conjunction with mission-critical equipment or applications. Any performance specifications are believed to be reliable but are not verified, and Buyer must conduct and complete all performance and other testing of the products, alone and together with, or installed in, any end-products. Buyer shall not rely on any data and performance specifications or parameters provided by Microsemi. It is the Buyer's responsibility to independently determine suitability of any products and to test and verify the same. The information provided by Microsemi hereunder is provided "as is, where is" and with all faults, and the entire risk associated with such information is entirely with the Buyer. Microsemi does not grant, explicitly or implicitly, to any party any patent rights, licenses, or any other IP rights, whether with regard to such information itself or anything described by such information. Information provided in this document is proprietary to Microsemi, and Microsemi reserves the right to make any changes to the information in this document or to any products and services at any time without notice.Microsemi Corporation (MSCC) offers a comprehensive portfolio of semiconductor and system solutions for communications, defense & security, aerospace, and industrial markets.Products include high-performance and radiation-hardened analog mixed-signal integrated circuits, FPGAs, SoCs, and ASICs; power management products; timing and synchronization devices and precise time solutions, setting the world's standard for time; voice processing devices; RF solutions; discrete components; security technologies and scalable anti-tamper products; Ethernet solutions; Power-over-Ethernet ICs and midspans; as well as custom design capabilities and services. Microsemi is headquartered in Aliso Viejo, Calif. and has approximately 3,600 employees globally. Learn more at .Microsemi Corporate HeadquartersOne Enterprise, Aliso Viejo,CA 92656 USAWithin the USA: +1 (800) 713-4113Outside the USA: +1 (949) 380-6100Sales: +1 (949) 380-6136Fax: +1 (949) 215-4996E-mail:***************************©2015 Microsemi Corporation. All rightsreserved. Microsemi and the Microsemilogo are trademarks of MicrosemiCorporation. All other trademarks andservice marks are the property of theirrespective owners.My CasesMicrosemi SoC Products Group customers may submit and track technical cases online by going to My Cases .Outside the U.S.Customers needing assistance outside the US time zones can either contact technical support via email (**********************) or contact a local sales office. Sales office listings can be found at /soc/company/contact/default.aspx.ITAR Technical SupportFor technical support on RH and RT FPGAs that are regulated by International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), contact us via ***************************. Alternatively, within My Cases , select Yes in the ITAR drop-down list. For a complete list of ITAR-regulated Microsemi FPGAs, visit the I TAR web page.。
外研社传媒英语教学课件 Unit 1
我们从事传播研究，并辩证地思考其对文化、政治、种族、历史、卫生、环境、家庭、新闻业和其他 媒体产业、数字和社交媒体等的影响。我们分析人类如何通过电视、新闻、电影和网络媒体分享知识、价 值观和信仰。我们培养跨文化传播技能和关键媒体制作技能，包括剧本创作、摄影和剪辑技术以及新媒体 实践。此外，我们开拓利用校外实践机会，包括行业实习、出国学习和获奖媒体协会，帮助学生获得新的 技能和生活体验。
2.Reading
译文
We conduct communication studies and think critically about the influence of communication on culture, politics, race, history, health, the environment, family, journalism and other media industries, digital and social media, etc. We examine how people share knowledge, values and beliefs through television, journalism, films and online media. We develop intercultural communication skills and key media production skills in screenwriting, camera and editing, and new media practices. Besides, we explore beyond campus, helping students take advantage of industry internships, overseas study opportunities and award-winning media societies to gain new skills and life experiences.
2BM2U2 P1教案(提供：金陆小学)(定稿)
Teaching plan for Oxford English (Shanghai Edition)2B Module 2 Unit 3 Animals I likeBook: Oxford English 2BDate: 2016-4-6Theme: M2U3 Animals I likeTopic: Period 1 Animals I see &Period 2 Animals I likeTeacher: Tammy Yao (姚燕婷) from Jinlu Primary SchoolStephanie Shen（沈晓妍）from Luoshan Primary SchoolTeaching Aids: Multi-media, word cards, picture cards, etc教学设计说明学生情况分析：二年级学生在经过一年多的英语学习后，逐渐适应了小学的英语学习生活，大多数学初步养成了较良好的英语学习习惯，具备了一定的学习英语的能力，他们对于英语学习的兴趣也愈加浓厚。
他们能根据老师的语音语调进行模仿，也喜欢用英语进行简单的日常交流。
同时，他们在听、说、读、表演等方面有了较大的进步。
通过一年多的英语学习，他们基本具备了基本的听说能力，能进行简短的对话操练。
在学习本单元内容之前，他们已经认知了许多表示动物的单词，如fox, hippo, tiger, panda, monkey等；并能对其颜色、大小、生活习性等进行简单的描述；同时，他们能运用Look at the animal. It’s …It can…以及It likes…等句型进行交流与分享。
模块教学任务分析：2BM2的学习主题是My favourite things, 分别围绕Things I like doing , My favourite food以及Animals I like这三个与孩子喜欢的事物相关的话题而展开。
CodingbatPythonQuestionsandAnswersSection2
Codingbat Python Questions and Answers Section 2This document is prepared and can be used only for educational purposes. All questions are taken from http:// which contains great questions about Python and Java. Please go to original website and solve questions there. Codingbat also presents a report tool which educators can see students’ results.The answers are done by me in my spare times, Codingbat says all answers are true. I used some of questionsin internship application reviews. You can use questions, see for usage details. You can use answers of me or this document it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.Document is prepared with Google Docs and syntax highlighter is GeSHi, which is a great open source tool.If you have any questions, please email me*******************Have fun with Python!Samet AtdagThis document contains 27 questions in these sections:●Warmup-2●Logic-2●String-2●List-2Warmup-21.string_timesGiven a string and a non-negative int n, return a larger string that is n copies of the original string.string_times('Hi', 2) → 'HiHi'string_times('Hi', 3) → 'HiHiHi'string_times('Hi', 1) → 'Hi'My solution:def string_times(str, n):result = ''i=0while i<n:result += stri += 1return result2.front_timesGiven a string and a non-negative int n, we'll say that the front of the string is the first 3 chars, or whatever is there if the string is less than length 3. Return n copies of the front;front_times('Chocolate', 2) → 'ChoCho'front_times('Chocolate', 3) → 'ChoChoCho'front_times('Abc', 3) → 'AbcAbcAbc'My solution:def front_times(str, n):if len(str)<3:front = strelse:front = str[:3]result = ''for i in range(n):result += frontreturn result3.string_bitsGiven a string, return a new string made of every other char starting with the first, so "Hello" yields "Hlo".string_bits('Hello') → 'Hlo'string_bits('Hi') → 'H'string_bits('Heeololeo') → 'Hello'My solution:def string_bits(str):result = ""for i in range(0, len(str)):if i %2 == 0:result = result + str[i]return result4.string_splosionGiven a non-empty string like "Code" return a string like "CCoCodCode".string_splosion('Code') → 'CCoCodCode'string_splosion('abc') → 'aababc'string_splosion('ab') → 'aab'My solution:def string_splosion(str):result = ''for i in range(len(str)+1):result += str[:i]return resultst2Given a string, return the count of the number of times that a substring length 2 appears in the string and also as the last 2 chars of the string, so "hixxxhi" yields 1 (we won't count the end substring).last2('hixxhi') → 1last2('xaxxaxaxx') → 1last2('axxxaaxx') → 2My solution:def last2(str):if len(str)<2:return0last2 = str[len(str)-2:]count = 0for i in range(len(str)-2):sub = str[i:i+2]if sub == last2:count = count + 1return count6.array_count9Given an array of ints, return the number of 9's in the array.array_count9([1, 2, 9]) → 1array_count9([1, 9, 9]) → 2array_count9([1, 9, 9, 3, 9]) → 3My solution:def array_count9(nums):result = 0for i in nums:if i == 9:result += 1return result7.array_front9Given an array of ints, return True if one of the first 4 elements in the array is a 9. The array length may be less than 4.array_front9([1, 2, 9, 3, 4]) → Truearray_front9([1, 2, 3, 4, 9]) → Falsearray_front9([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) → FalseMy solution:def array_front9(nums):result = Falsefor i in range(4):if len(nums)> i:if nums[i] == 9:result = Truereturn result8.array123Given an array of ints, return True if .. 1, 2, 3, .. appears in the array somewhere.array123([1, 1, 2, 3, 1]) → Truearray123([1, 1, 2, 4, 1]) → Falsearray123([1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3]) → TrueMy solution:def array123(nums):if len(nums)<3:return Falsefor i in range(len(nums)-2):if nums[i] == 1and nums[i+1] == 2and nums[i+2] == 3:result = Truebreakelse:result = Falsereturn result9.string_matchGiven 2 strings, a and b, return the number of the positions where they contain the same length 2 substring. So "xxcaazz" and "xxbaaz" yields 3, since the "xx", "aa", and "az" substrings appear in the same place in both strings.string_match('xxcaazz', 'xxbaaz') → 3string_match('abc', 'abc') → 2string_match('abc', 'axc') → 0My solution:def string_match(a, b):r = len(a)if len(a)<len(b)else len(b)result = 0for i in range(r):if a[i:i+2] == b[i:i+2]and len(a[i:i+2]) == 2and len(b[i:i+2]) == 2:result += 1return resultLogic-210.make_bricksWe want to make a row of bricks that is goal inches long. We have a numberof small bricks (1 inch each) and big bricks (5 inches each). Return True if it is possible to make the goal by choosing from the given bricks. This is a little harder than it looks and can be done without any loops.make_bricks(3, 1, 8) → Truemake_bricks(3, 1, 9) → Falsemake_bricks(3, 2, 10) → TrueMy solution:def make_bricks(small, big, goal):number_of_fives = goal/5number_of_ones = goal - (5*number_of_fives)if number_of_fives <= big and number_of_ones <= small:return Trueelif(number_of_ones+5<=small)and(big*5 + number_of_ones + 5 == goal): return Trueelse:return False11.lone_sumGiven 3 int values, a b c, return their sum. However, if one of the values is the same as another of the values, it does not count towards the sum.lone_sum(1, 2, 3) → 6lone_sum(3, 2, 3) → 2lone_sum(3, 3, 3) → 0My solution:def lone_sum(a, b, c):if a == b == c:return0elif a == b:return celif a == c:return belif b == c:return aelse:return a + b + c12.lucky_sumGiven 3 int values, a b c, return their sum. However, if one of the values is 13 then it does not count towards the sum and values to its right do not count. So for example, if b is 13, then both b and c do not count.lucky_sum(1, 2, 3) → 6lucky_sum(1, 2, 13) → 3lucky_sum(1, 13, 3) → 1My solution:def lucky_sum(a, b, c):if a == 13:return0elif b == 13:return aelif c == 13:return a + belse:return a + b + c13.no_teen_sumGiven 3 int values, a b c, return their sum. However, if any of the values is a teen -- in the range 13..19 inclusive -- then that value counts as 0, except 15 and 16 donot count as a teens. Suggestion: decompose a separate "def fix_teem(n):" below no_teen_sum() that takes in an int value and returns that value fixed for the teen rule. In this way, you avoid repeating the teen code 3 times.no_teen_sum(1, 2, 3) → 6no_teen_sum(2, 13, 1) → 3no_teen_sum(2, 1, 14) → 3My solution:def no_teen_sum(a, b, c):return fix_teem(a) + fix_teem(b) + fix_teem(c)def fix_teem(n):if n>=13and n<=19:if n == 15or n == 16:return nelse:return0else:return n14.round_sumFor this problem, we'll round an int value up to the next multiple of 10 if its rightmost digit is 5 or more, so 15 rounds up to 20. Alternately, round down to the previous multiple of 10 if its rightmost digit is less than 5, so 12 rounds down to 10. Given 3 ints, a b c, return the sum of their rounded values. To avoid code repetition, decompose a separate "def round10(num):" below your round_sum() method and call it 3 times.round_sum(16, 17, 18) → 60round_sum(12, 13, 14) → 30round_sum(6, 4, 4) → 10My solution:def round_sum(a, b, c):return round10(a) + round10(b) + round10(c)def round10(num):if num%10>=5:return num/10*10 + 10else:return num/10*1015.close_farGiven three ints, a b c, return True if one of b or c is "close" (differing from a byat most 1), while the other is "far", differing from both other values by 2 or more. Note: abs(num) computes the absolute value of a number.close_far(1, 2, 10) → Trueclose_far(1, 2, 3) → Falseclose_far(4, 1, 3) → TrueMy solution:def close_far(a, b, c):if abs(b-a)<= 1:close = belif abs(c-a)<= 1:close = celse:return Falseif(close == b)and(abs(c-a)>= 2)and(abs(c-b)>=2):return Trueelif(close == c)and(abs(b-a)>= 2)and(abs(b-c)>=2):return Trueelse:return FalseString-216.double_charGiven a string, return a string where for every char in the original, there are two chars.double_char('The') → 'TThhee'double_char('AAbb') → 'AAAAbbbb'double_char('Hi-There') → 'HHii--TThheerree'My solution:def double_char(str):result = ''for i in str:result += iresult += ireturn result17.count_hiReturn the number of times that the string "hi" appears anywhere in the givenstring.count_hi('abc hi ho') → 1count_hi('ABChi hi') → 2count_hi('hihi') → 2My solution:def count_hi(str):a = str.split('hi')return len(a) - 118.cat_dogReturn True if the string "cat" and "dog" appear the same number of times in the given string.cat_dog('catdog') → Truecat_dog('catcat') → Falsecat_dog('1cat1cadodog') → TrueMy solution:def cat_dog(str):a = str.split('cat')b = str.split('dog')if len(a) == len(b):return Trueelse:return False19.count_codeReturn the number of times that the string "code" appears anywhere in the given string, except we'll accept any letter for the 'd', so "cope" and "cooe" count.count_code('aaacodebbb') → 1count_code('codexxcode') → 2count_code('cozexxcope') → 2My solution:def count_code(str):result = 0for i in range(len(str)-3):if str[i:i+2] == 'co'and str[i+3] == 'e':result += 1return result20.end_otherGiven two strings, return True if either of the strings appears at the very endof the other string, ignoring upper/lower case differences (in other words, the computation should not be "case sensitive"). Note: s.lower() returns the lowercase version of a string.end_other('Hiabc', 'abc') → Trueend_other('AbC', 'HiaBc') → Trueend_other('abc', 'abXabc') → TrueMy solution:def end_other(a, b):a = a.lower()b = b.lower()return(b.endswith(a)or a.endswith(b))21.xyz_thereReturn True if the given string contains an appearance of "xyz" where the xyz is not directly preceeded by a period (.). So "xxyz" counts but "x.xyz" does not.xyz_there('abcxyz') → Truexyz_there('abc.xyz') → Falsexyz_there('xyz.abc') → TrueMy solution:def xyz_there(str):str = str.replace('.xyz', '')if'xyz'in str:return Trueelse:return FalseList-222.count_evensReturn the number of even ints in the given array. Note: the % "mod" operator computes the remainder, e.g. 5 % 2 is 1.count_evens([2, 1, 2, 3, 4]) → 3count_evens([2, 2, 0]) → 3count_evens([1, 3, 5]) → 0My solution:def count_evens(nums):result = 0for i in nums:if i%2 == 0:result += 1return result23.big_diffGiven an array length 1 or more of ints, return the difference between the largest and smallest values in the array. Note: the built-in min(v1, v2) and max(v1, v2) functions return the smaller or larger of two values.big_diff([10, 3, 5, 6]) → 7big_diff([7, 2, 10, 9]) → 8big_diff([2, 10, 7, 2]) → 8My solution:def big_diff(nums):maxx = nums[0]minn = nums[0]for i in range(len(nums)):if nums[i]> maxx:maxx = nums[i]if nums[i]< minn:minn = nums[i]return maxx - minn24.centered_averageReturn the "centered" average of an array of ints, which we'll say is the mean average of the values, except not counting the largest and smallest values in the array. Use int division to produce the final average. You may assume that the array is length 3 or more.centered_average([1, 2, 3, 4, 100]) → 3centered_average([1, 1, 5, 5, 10, 8, 7]) → 5centered_average([-10, -4, -2, -4, -2, 0]) → -3def centered_average(nums):total = 0number_of_excepts = 2centered = numscentered.remove(max(nums))centered.remove(min(nums))for i in centered:total += ireturn total/len(centered)25.sum13Return the sum of the numbers in the array, returning 0 for an empty array. Except the number 13 is very unlucky, so it does not count and numbers that come immediately after a 13 also do not count.sum13([1, 2, 2, 1]) → 6sum13([1, 1]) → 2sum13([1, 2, 2, 1, 13]) → 6My solution:def sum13(nums):sum = 0for i in range(0, nums.count(13)):if nums.count(13):after = nums.index(13)nums.remove(13)if after <len(nums):nums.pop(after)for i in nums:sum += ireturn sum26.sum67Return the sum of the numbers in the array, except ignore sections of numbers starting with a 6 and extending to the next 7 (every 6 will be followed by at least one 7). Return 0 for no numbers.sum67([1, 2, 2]) → 5sum67([1, 2, 2, 6, 99, 99, 7]) → 5sum67([1, 1, 6, 7, 2]) → 4def sum67(nums):dontadd = 0sum = 0for i in range(0, len(nums)):if dontadd == 0:if nums[i] == 6:dontadd = 1else:sum += nums[i]else:if nums[i] == 7:dontadd = 0else:passreturn sum27.has22Given an array of ints, return True if the array contains a 2 next to a 2 somewhere.has22([1, 2, 2]) → Truehas22([1, 2, 1, 2]) → Falsehas22([2, 1, 2]) → FalseMy solution:def has22(nums):indices = []for i in range(0, len(nums)):if nums[i] == 2:indices.append(i)for i in range(0, len(indices)-1):if indices[i+1] - indices[i] == 1:return Truereturn False。
外研社必修四 module2 M2P1 Warming up
helicopter motorbike
trolleybus truck underground
Now match some of the words with their definitions. 1. It’s a bus used for long distances. _________ coach 2. It’s got two wheels and it’s fast. motorbike _________ 3. This bus is connected to electric wires. _________ trolleybus
trolleybus / tram
It is connected to electric wires
（电线）.
taxi / cab
You must pay to use this car.
underground / subway
This is a suburban railway. It is usually under the city.
limit vt. 限制 destination n. 目的地；终点 impressive adj. 给人印象深刻的 route n. 线路 double-decker n. 双层公共汽车 provide vt. 提供
convenient adj. 方便的 pedal vt. & vi. 骑车； 踩…的踏板
If you want to go to the park or the museum, or if you want to pay a visit to your classmates, which means of transport will you choose? Buses or the underground. If you want to pay a visit to your relatives who live in a nearby city, which means of transport will you choose? Coaches.
Microchip电子产品说明书
TREE 3: POWER MANAGEMENT 2Supervisors & Voltage Detectors Unique Strengths (So What)Broad Portfolio(It's likely we have your part)Small Packages: SOT-23 and SC-70 (Saves space)Industrial Standard Crosses (Replace high priced and poor delivery suppliers)Battery Management Unique Strengths (So What)Wide variety of charging solutions for Li-Ion batteries(We have the solution for you)Small SOT-23, MSOP, DFN and QFN packages (Saves space)DC-DC Converter (So What)Low-voltage operation (Saves Power)PFM/PWM Auto switch mode (PFM at low loads reduces current, saves power)Small SOT-23 packaging (Saves space)Step-down, Step-up (Efficiently increase or decrease voltage) Charge Pumps (So What)Low-voltage operation (Battery operation)Small SOT-23 packaging (Saves space)Step-down, Step-up (Efficiently increase or decrease voltage)Doubling & Inverting (Meets V OUT needs) Low-Frequency capable (Reduces EMI)Low-Current Operation (Saves power)LDO Unique Strengths (So What)Hundreds of voltages, currents, packages (We have a match for the need)0.5% V OUT accuracy (Fills precision need)Up to 1.5A output current(Able to power high load applications)Op Amp Unique Strengths (So What)Low current versus GBWP (Saves power)TC and MCP6XXX devices RR-I/O (Expands usable voltage range)MCP604X 1.4V operation(Two alkaline cells 90% used =1.8V)MCP644X, 450 nA operation (Use the batteries even longer)Comparators Unique Strengths (So What)Low current versus propagation delay (Saves power)Integrated Features (Saves space)1.8V and 1.4V operation (That stuff about the batteries)Programmable Gain Amplifier Unique Strengths (So What)MUX inputWide bandwidth (2 to 12 MHz) (Reduces demand on MCU I/O)System control of gain(Changes easier through software configurable hardware)TREE 5: LINEARTemperature Sensor Unique Strengths (So What)Wide variety of solutions: logic, voltage and digital output products(Multiple sensor needs met)Small packages (Saves space)Low operating current(Saves power, smaller supply)Field or factory programmable (Low cost vs. flexibility)Programmable hysteresis (Stop system cycling)Multi-drop capability (Great for large systems)Beta compensation (Compatible with processor substrate diodes)Resistance error correction (Compensates for measurement error from long PCB traces)Fan Controllers Unique Strengths (So What)Closed loop fan control (Adjust to meet target speed even on aging fans)Integrated temperature sensing (Consolidate thermal management)Multiple temperature measurements drive one fan (Consolidate thermal management)Built-in ramp rate control and spin up alogorithm (Quick time to market, lower acoustic noise)Ability to detect/predict failure of less expensive 2-wire fans (Saves system cost)Unique solutions for extending fan life and reducing acoustic noise(Less power, nuisance and long fan life)TREE 6: MIXED-SIGNALADC Unique Strengths (So What)Low current at max sampling rate (Saves power, system cost)Small SOT-23 and MSOP packages (Saves space)Up to 24-bit resolution(Ideal for precision sensitive designs)Differential & single ended inputs (Able to cover various design needs)Up to 6 ADC per device(Save board space, system cost)DAC Unique Strengths (So What)Low Supply Current (Saves power)Low DNL & INL (Better accuracy)Extended Temperature Range(Suitable for wide temperature applications)Digital Potentiometers Unique Strengths (So What)64/256 tap (6-bit to 8-bit resolution)(Sufficient resolution for most applications)Non-volatile Memory(Remembers last wiper setting on power up)WiperLock™ Technology(Locks NV memory setting-better than OTP)Small SOT-23 and 2 × 3 DFN packages (Saves space)Low CostMOSFET Drivers (So What)4.5V up to 30V Supply voltages (Fills many application needs)Up to 12A Peak output current(Able to meet demanding design needs)Outstanding robustness and latch-upi mmunity (Ours work when the others burn up)Low-FOM MOSFETs(Support high-efficency applications)TREE 4: POWER MANAGEMENT 3LIN Unique Strengths(So What)Compliant with LIN Bus Specs 1.3, 2.0, 2.1 andSAE J2602 (Allows for reliable interoperability)High EMI Low EME (Meets OEM requirements)On-board V REG available(Saves space, allows for MCU V CC flexibility)CAN Unique Strengths(So What)Simple SPI CAN controller is an easy way toadd CAN Ports (Short design cycles)High speed transceiver meets ISO-11898 (Drop inreplacement for industry standard transceivers)Low-cost, easy-to-use development tools(Tools easy to buy/use, quick design)I/O Expanders Unique Strengths(So What)Configurable inputs (interrupt configuration flexibility)Interrupt on pin change, or change fromregister default (interrupt source flexibility)Can disable automatic address incrementingwhen accessing the device(allows continual access to the port)The 16-bit devices can operate in 8-bit or 16-bitmode (easy to interface to 8-bit or 16-bit MCUs)IrDA Unique Strengths (So What)IrDA protocol handler embedded on chip(Complex design issue solved)Low cost developer's kit available to assistInfrared design-in (Quick design cycle)Small, cost-effective way of replacing serial links(No more wires)Enables system to wirelessly communicatewith PDA (Wireless connectivity solution) TREE 8: INTERFACEAnalog & InterfaceQuestion TreesAnalog & Interface Development ToolsDemonstration Boards, Evaluation Kits and AccessoriesAnalog & Interface LiteratureADM00313EV: MCP73830L 2 × 2 TDFN Evaluation BoardADM00352: MCP16301 High Voltage Buck Converter 600 mA Demonstration BoardADM00360: MCP16301 High Voltage Buck Coverter 300 mA D2PAK Demonstration BoardADM00427: MCP16323 Evaluation Board (Supports MCP16321 and MCP16322)ARD00386: MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference DesignMCP1252DM-BKLT: MCP1252 Charge Pump Backlight Demonstration BoardMCP1256/7/8/9EV: MCP1256/7/8/9 Charge Pump Evaluation BoardMCP1630RD-LIC1: MCP1630 Li-Ion Multi-Bay Battery Charger Reference DesignMCP1630DM-NMC1: MCP1630 NiMH Battery Charger Demonstration BoardMCP1640EV-SBC: MCP1640 Sync Boost Converter Evaluation BoardMCP1640RD-4ABC: MCP1640 Single Quad-A Battery Boost Converter Reference DesignMCP1650DM-LED1: MCP165X 3W White LED Demonstration BoardMCP1726EV: MCP1726 LDO Evaluation BoardMCP73831EV: MCP73831 Evaluation KitMCP7383XEV: MCP73837/8 AC/USB Dual Input Battery Charger Evaluation BoardMCP7383XRD-PPM: MCP7383X Li-Ion System Power Path Management Reference DesignMCP7384XEV: MCP7384X Li-Ion Battery Chager Evaluation BoardMCP73871EV: MCP73871 Load Sharing Li-Ion Battery Charger Evaluation BoardTC1016/17EV: TC1016/17 LDO Evaluation BoardVSUPEV: SOT-23-3 Voltage Supervisor Evaluation BoardPowerManagementThermalManagementMCP9700DM-PCTL: MCP9700 Thermal Sensor PICtail Demonstration BoardMCP9800DM-PCTL: MCP9800 Thermal Sensor PICtail Demonstration BoardTC72DM-PICTL: TC72 Digital Temperature Sensor PICtail Demonstration BoardTC74DEMO: TC74 Serial Daughter Thermal Sensor Demonstration BoardTC1047ADM-PCTL: TC1047A Temperature-to-Voltage Converter PICtail™ Demonstration BoardSerial GPIODM-KPLCD: GPIO Expander Keypad and LCD Demonstration BoardMCP23X17: MCP23X17 16-bit GPIO Expander Evaluation BoardInterface MCP2515DM-BM: MCP2515 CAN Bus Monitor Demonstration BoardMCP2515DM-PTPLS: MCP2515 PICtail™ Plus Daughter BoardMCP2515DM-PCTL: MCP2515 CAN Controller PICtail Demonstration BoardMCP215XDM: MCP215X/40 Data Logger Demonstration BoardMCP2140DM-TMPSNS: MCP2140 IrDA® Wireless Temp Demonstration BoardLinear ADM00375: MCP6H04 Evaluation BoardARD00354: MCP6N11 Wheatstone Bridge Reference DesignMCP651EV-VOS: MCP651 Input Offset Evaluation BoardMCP661DM-LD: MCP661 Line Driver Demo BoardMCP6S22DM-PCTL: MCP6S22 PGA PICtail Demonstration BoardMCP6S2XEV: MCP6S2X PGA Evaluation BoardMCP6SX2DM-PCTLPD: MCP6SX2 PGA Photodiode PICtail Demonstration BoardMCP6SX2DM-PCTLTH: MCP6SX2-PGA Thermistor PICtail Demonstration BoardMCP6V01RD-TCPL: MCP6V01 Thermocouple Auto-Zero Ref DesignMCP6XXXDM-FLTR: Active Filter Demo BoardPIC16F690DM-PCTLHS: Humidity Sensor PICtail Demonstration BoardMixed-Signal MCP3221 DM-PCTL: MCP3221 12-bit A/D PICtail Demonstration BoardMCP3421DM-BFG: MCP3421 Battery Fuel Gauge Demonstration BoardMCP3551DM-PCTL: MCP3551 PICtail Demonstration BoardMCP355XDM-TAS: MCP355X Tiny Application Sensor Demonstration BoardMCP355XDV-MS1: MCP3551 Sensor Demonstration BoardMCP402XEV: MCP402X Digital Potentiometer Evaluation BoardMCP4725EV: MCP4725, 12-bit Non-Volatile DAC Evaluation Board (Preferred One)MCP4725DM-PTPLS: MCP4725, 12-bit Non-Volatile DAC PICtail Demonstration BoardADM00398: MCP3911 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-bit MicrocontrollersCorporate Microchip Product Line Card - DS00890Brochures Analog and Interface Product Selector Guide - DS21060Low Cost Development Tools Solutions Guide - DS51560Analog and Interface Guide (Volume 1) - DS00924Analog and Interface Guide (Volume 2) - DS21975Cards Analog Highlights Card - DS21972Microchip Op Amp Discovery Card - DS21947Analog & Interface Question Trees - DS21728Mirochip SAR and Delta-Sigma ACD Discovery Card - DS22101Software Tools MAPS - Microchip Advanced Product SelectorAnalog & Interface Treelink Products PresentationDesign Guides Analog-to-Digital Converter Design Guide - DS21841Digital Potentiometers Design Guide - DS22017Programmable Gain Amplifiers (PGAs), Operational Amplifiersand Comparators Design Guide - DS21861Interface Products Design Guide - DS21883Signal Chain Design Guide - DS21825Power Solutions Design Guide - DS21913Temperature Sensor Design Guide - DS21895Voltage Supervisors Design Guide - DS51548DS21728JPowerManagementLDO & SwitchingRegulatorsCharge PumpDC/DC ConvertersPower MOSFETDriversPWM ControllersSystem SupervisorsVoltage DetectorsVoltage ReferencesLi-Ion/Li-PolymerBattery ChargersUSB Port PowerControllersMixed-SignalA/D ConverterFamiliesDigitalPotentiometersD/A ConvertersV/F and F/VConvertersEnergyMeasurement ICsCurrent/DC PowerMeasurement ICsInterfaceCAN PeripheralsInfraredPeripheralsLIN TransceiversSerial PeripheralsEthernet ControllersUSB PeripheralLinearOp AmpsInstrumentationAmpsProgrammableGain AmplifiersComparatorsSafety & SecurityPhotoelectricSmoke DetectorsIonization SmokeDetectorsIonization SmokeDetector Front EndsPiezoelectricHorn DriversThermalManagementTemperatureSensorsFan Control& HarwareManagementMotor DriveStepper and DC3Ф BrushlessDC Motor DriverTREE 7: MOTOR DRIVE Stepper Unique Strenghts(So What)Industrial standard footprint(Footprint compatible to industrial leaders)Perfect PIC® MCU companion chip(Solid field support)Micro-stepping ready(Enhanced performance)Integration protections(Simplify software development)3-Phase BLDC Unique Strengths(So What)Full-wave sinusoidal(Quiet operation, low mechanical vibration)Sensorless operation (Minimum externalcomponents, no software required)Thin form factor(Fits space concerned applications)Information subject to change. The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, dsPIC, PIC are registered trademarks and MiWi, PICtail and ZENA are trademarks ofMicrochip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies.© 2012, Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.。
3A M2 U1
Module 2 Me, my family and friendsUnit 1 My friendsPeriod OneTeaching contents: Look and learn, look and say, play a game. Teaching Aims:1. Basic Aims: a. Asking Wh-question to find out a person‟s identitye.g. Who are you?b. Using indefinite articles to mention something or someonefor the first time.e.g. I‟m a girl.c. Using adjectives to describe oneselfe.g. I‟m tall.2. Developing Aim: Using the words to describe oneself.3. Education Aim: Don‟t laugh at one‟s stature.Difficult and key points: 1. To learn the new words.2. Using the words to describe oneself. Teaching Aids: a tape-recording, some pictures and word cards, some masks.Period TwoTeaching content: Look and say, learn the letters.Teaching Aims:1. Basic Aims: a. Asking Wh-question to find out a person‟s identity.e.g. Who is my friend?b. Using pronouns to identify people.e.g. He‟s Eddie.c. Using adjectives to describe people.e.g. She‟s small.2. Developing Aims: Using the words to describe oneself.3. Education Aim: Don‟t laugh at one‟s stature.Difficult and key points: 1. To learn the new letters.2. Using the words to describe oneself. Teaching Aids: a tape-recording, some pictures, some masks and word cards.Period ThreeTeaching contents: Say and act.Teaching Aims:1. Basic Aims:a. Learn perform an action rhyme featuring adjectives of size.b. Teaching the plural nouns: boys, girls ,mothers, teachers, babies.c. Teach the phrase: .in the rain.d. Teach the action: Bow and bow and bow again.2.Developing Aim: Make up a different sentence using the adjectives.cation Aim: Everyone should pay attention to good manners. Difficult and key points:1. To learn the plural nouns.2. Make up a different sentence using the adjectives.Teaching Aids: a tape-recording, some pictures.。
torchvision v2.mixup用法 -回复
torchvision v2.mixup用法-回复如何使用torchvision v2.mixup。
torchvision是一款基于PyTorch的机器学习库，它提供了一些实用的工具和函数，用于方便地处理图像数据。
其中一个较新的功能是v2.mixup，它是用于数据增强的一种技术，可以有效提升模型的泛化能力和鲁棒性。
本文将详细介绍如何使用torchvision v2.mixup来增强数据集。
第一步：安装和导入torchvision库要使用torchvision v2.mixup，首先需要安装torchvision库。
可以通过以下命令安装最新版本：pip install torchvision安装完成后，在项目中导入torchvision库：pythonimport torchvisionimport torchvision.transforms as transforms第二步：准备数据集在应用v2.mixup之前，需要准备一个适合的数据集。
在本文中，我们将以CIFAR-10数据集为例，该数据集是一个常用的图像分类任务基准数据集。
首先，我们需要从torchvision中加载CIFAR-10数据集：pythontrainset = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(root='./data', train=True, download=True, transform=None)testset = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(root='./data', train=False, download=True, transform=None)上述代码中，train=True表示加载训练集，train=False表示加载测试集。
下载和转换数据集可能需要一些时间，但只需要执行一次。
第三步：定义数据增强方法在使用v2.mixup之前，我们先定义一些数据增强方法。
warmup参数
warmup参数摘要：1.介绍warmup 参数的含义和作用2.详细解析warmup 参数的数值和调整方法3.阐述warmup 参数对模型性能的影响4.结论：总结warmup 参数的重要性和应用注意事项正文：一、warmup 参数的含义和作用在深度学习领域，warmup 参数是一个在训练过程中逐渐将学习率从一个较小的值逐步提升至一个较大值的过程。
这个参数主要用于克服学习率过低导致的训练速度缓慢问题，同时避免学习率过大导致的训练不稳定现象。
通过合理设置warmup 参数，可以在训练开始阶段加速模型收敛速度，提高训练效率。
二、详细解析warmup 参数的数值和调整方法warmup 参数通常包括三个关键要素：warmup_step、warmup_rate 和warmup_time。
1.warmup_step：表示在训练过程中需要进行的迭代次数。
在warmup_step 内，学习率从0 逐渐提升至指定的值。
2.warmup_rate：表示学习率在warmup_step 内的变化速率。
warmup_rate 越大，学习率增长越快，模型收敛速度相对越快。
3.warmup_time：表示在训练过程中需要进行warmup 的时间。
在warmup_time 内，学习率从0 逐渐提升至指定的值。
在实际应用中，可以根据模型的特点和训练数据集的规模来调整warmup 参数。
对于较小的数据集，可以适当减小warmup_step 和warmup_time，以加速收敛速度；对于较大的数据集，可以适当增加warmup_step 和warmup_time，以提高模型的泛化能力。
三、warmup 参数对模型性能的影响合理设置warmup 参数可以有效提高模型的性能。
通过加速训练开始阶段的收敛速度，可以减少训练时间，提高训练效率。
同时，在训练后期，随着学习率的逐渐降低，模型的泛化能力得到提高，从而在测试集上取得更好的性能。
然而，如果设置不当，warmup 参数可能导致训练不稳定，甚至出现梯度消失或梯度爆炸等问题，影响模型的性能。
热压工艺参数对麻纤板减薄率影响分析
MANUFACTURING AND PROCESS | 制造与工艺1 引言加快推动绿色低碳技术实现“双碳”目标，汽车零部件材料的轻量化是重要发展方向。
近几年国内逐步加强和推行限塑令，汽车内饰塑料件产品的使用将趋于减弱，而麻纤维制品因其高强度、高耐磨、来源广、易降解等优点，逐渐在汽车内饰材料中取代了塑料等制品，成为汽车内饰件环保、超高轻量化的新一代理想材料[1]。
麻纤板是由麻类天然纤维制成的板材，麻纤板的成分主要包括麻纤维、粘合剂和填充物等。
麻纤维是麻纤板的主要成分之一，常用于制作纤维增强复合材料[2]。
本实验研究以可回收再利用的新型麻纤维环保材料（即聚丙烯和木粉的混合物）为实验材料。
为研究热压参数对减薄率的影响，本文设计了杯突实验，杯突试验应用于板材成形性能研究、热压工艺模拟和成型工艺参数研究和评估等领域，是具有普遍意义的模拟试验方法之一。
通过杯突实验得到麻纤板的减薄模型，通过此减薄模型来预测热压过程缺陷发生点，进而能在热压之前做出预防措施。
还可以根据热压后的板材厚度来设计注塑的浇口与流道，大大提高成品率。
因此，麻纤板在杯突实验中的减薄率测量研究对热压-注塑一体化成形工艺有着十分重要的意义[3-4]。
2 实验为研究热压参数对麻纤板的减薄率的影响并建立减薄预测模型，本文设计了两组实验。
一组为温度与热压速度对麻纤板减薄率的影响研究，另一组为热压行程对麻纤板减薄率的影响研究。
在温度与热压速度对麻纤板减薄率的影响研究实验中，本文根据麻纤板的热压条件设计了四个温度点和四种热压速度，研究了麻纤板在热压出现裂口时，裂口处的减薄率，并建立了减薄预测模型。
在热压行程对麻纤板减薄率的影响研究中，设计了在特定温度与热压速度下不同热压行程下麻纤板减薄率的测量实验，得到了减薄预热压工艺参数对麻纤板减薄率影响分析丁宏参1 候庆江２ 刘赛科1 王一栋1 吴贤益11.宁波方正汽车模具股份有限公司 浙江省宁波市 3156002.华中科技大学 湖北省武汉市 430074摘 要：麻纤维制品因其高强度、高耐磨、来源广、易降解等优点，成为汽车内饰件环保、超高轻量化的新一代理想材料。
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businessman/ businesswoman
They are in a business meeting.
engineer/electrician He is repairing an electric equipment.
chef He is showing his prizes won in the competitions.
Discuss what sort of job you would (not) like to do and why. Example: I want to be a ________, because it ________________________. OR: I don’t want to be a _______, because it _____________________.
pilot He is standing in front of his aeroplane.
chemist/researcher
She is doing a chemical experiment.
actor, astronaut, dancer, writer, business owner, football player, fire fighter, newspaper reporter, TV presenter, police, farmer, teacher, miner, volunteer. exciting, stressful, well paid, badly paid , interesting, manual（用手的） dangerous, intellectual, boring， satisfying, cool-looking, demanding(费心的）.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
football players
4. “I wish it was just nine to five! Meetings and conference calls often go on till late at night.”
business owners
5. “It’s my responsibility to report the news and tell people what’s going on.”
newspaper reporters
Look at the following pictures and discuss with your partner: Where are they? What do they do? What are they doing?
doctor She is examining a patient.
Module 2
A Job Worth Doing
Objectives 1. 本模块的话题是“一份值得做的工 作”。通过介绍不同职业的特征以及 对人类社会的贡献，培养学生正确的 择业观。
2. 介绍自己所了解的职业，对未来职业
的发展趋势谈论看法。
an a farmer Let’s look at some pictures and
talk about the different jobs
Lead-in: engineer
scientist/ athletes/ cook / chef a pilot researcher sportsman doctor athletes workers teacher
1. “It can get a bit lonely. Sometimes I don’t see my family for weeks.”
Opportunity, sooner or later, comes to all who work and wish. 只要努力工作而有志向，机会迟早会来 临。
No matter what you are, please remember:
Every profession produces its own leading authority. 行行出状元。
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy; all play and no work makes Jack a mere boy. 只工作，不玩耍，聪明孩子要变傻； 尽玩耍，不学习，聪明孩子没出息。
astronauts
2. “I work a lot more than the half hour you see me on the screen every day!”
TV presenters
3. “I’m lucky. They pay me well for playing the game I love.”