1993中国地质大学考博英语试题
中国地质大学(北京)考博专业英复习材料

晶) is said to have a porphyritic texture(斑状结构). The classification of fine-grained rocks, then, is based on the proportion of minerals which form phenocrysts and these phenocrysts (斑晶)reflect the general composition of the remainder(残留) of the rock. The fine-grained portion of a porphyritic(斑岩) rock is generally referred to as the groundmass(基质) of the phenocrysts. The terms "porphyritic" and "phenocrysts" are not restricted to fine-grained rocks but may also apply to coarse-grained rocks which contain a few crystals distinctly larger than the remainder. The term obsidian(黑曜岩) refers to a glassy rock of rhyolitic(流纹岩) composition. In general, fine-grained rocks consisting of small crystals cannot readily be distinguished from③ glassy rocks in which no crystalline material is present at all. The obsidians, however, are generally easily recognized by their black and highly glossy appearanceass of the same composition as obsidian. Apparently the difference between the modes of formation of obsidian and pumice is that in pumice the entrapped water vapors have been able to escape by a frothing(起泡) process which leaves a network of interconnected pore(气孔) spaces, thus giving the rock a highly porous (多孔的)and open appearance(外观较为松散). ④ Pegmatite(结晶花岗岩) is a rock which is texturally(构造上地) the exact opposite of obsidian. ⑤ Pegmatites are generally formed as dikes associated with major bodies of granite (花岗岩) . They are characterized by extremely large individual crystals (单个晶体) ; in some pegmatites crystals up to several tens of feet in length(宽达几十英尺)have been identified, but the average size is measured in inches (英寸) . Most mineralogical museums contain a large number of spectacular(壮观的) crystals from pegmatites. Peridotite(橄榄岩) is a rock consisting primarily of olivine, though some varieties contain pyroxene(辉石) in addition. It occurs only as coarse-grained intrusives(侵入), and no extrusive(喷出的) rocks of equivalent chemical composition have ever been found. Tuff (凝灰岩)is a rock which is igneous in one sense (在某种意义上) and sedimentary in another⑥. A tuff is a rock formed from pyroclastic (火成碎 屑的)material which has been blown out of a volcano and accumulated on the ground as individual fragments called ash. Two terms(igneous and sedimentary) are useful to refer solely to the composition of igneous rocks regardless of their textures. The term silicic (硅质 的)signifies an abundance of silica-rich(富硅) and light-colored minerals(浅 色矿物), such as quartz, potassium feldspar(钾长石), and sodic plagioclase (钠长石) . The term basic (基性) signifies (意味着) an abundance of dark colored minerals relatively low in silica and high in calcium, iron, and
1997-2010年中国地质大学(北京)博士英语答案

(下载后Ctrl+A全选,然后选择字体黑色即可显示)1997-2010年中国地质大学(北京)博士入学考试答案1997年:填空答案preparingan, sincewas, grewlikekindcome/ be; tells; beenheated; temperature; turns/changes enough; Let’sat; hadnext; indespitefeweruntildid; damagehappen; ownsenjoyingabout; billion; atpass; tookwhosesuccessful; succeeded; published; over; information;appeared; an; agreed; stage/phasedoubt; just/ really; reason; act/ work applied; neitherThought; able1998with; anaffectingbetweengrew; ws; has; since; likehwose; whenpassed; took; faileduntil; comes; idearate; situation/problemmission/ aim/purposeroseexperiment rely/depend; Withoutpublished; result; dealtakenreasons; tryingcausing/ bringon; insurprised;would; werewhich; millionwhether;should;held; in; just;attendused/abledoubttaking; managed; began1999whichequal; largerfree/ sparehowever;delay/ postponewhose; in/lyingpuzzled/depressed; tonobody; easy; bothcausing; idea;bringing/ causingwish; decision; find out; taking/ hiring. doubt; these; bad; ask/invite; pressure; before; comes; like; case; were already; other; soongrew;born; moved/assigned; it; from; finished; admitted; became; entered; located; busy; careergot/ receivedregrettailureThough/Although; praise/ congratulate 2000nervus/ worried/ anxious/ uneasy/fidgety/tense; travelled/ flown;worrywrotemay/might; rombetter; missnoisemeasuringtake; passed; done; studyingseeing/ meeting; the /her/ourlikeunlikethan; elementsjam; took; place/office/ factory equipment; imported; learning/ studying; excpt/ save/savingaffected/ decidedwhilecompany/ corporation; world enough; harderused; however/ acutallyexplain; obvious/clearstolen;prevented/stoppedrather; nothinglaughingluckily/fourtunately; balming; things/materials/goodswouldn’t; less; consider/ think2001funrathersurprised/astonishedin; bycausedin; byalthough/though; keptplease/ satisfied/happy; lackfind/consider/think; however; on scientists; working; health/ condition out; return; callcaught; stuck ; way;was;hadtend; moreover/ also/ besides; much/far; problem/ question/difficulty; such; repairing/ maintainingan; killedused. Quitted/ stopped; cancer;seeing/watching; advertisement complicated/puzzling/ boring/ inintelligible/dull; fall;sleepy/ frowsy/ boredattend; reserve;book; trouble/difficulties/ problems/ troublespesrsuading; offered/provided/ given; refused ; nobody; job2002at; tookavoid/ prevent; hitmustbored/ tired; needs/ wantsseen; used; rid; too costly/ expensive in; by ; gettingother/ more; lots; these8. occured/ happened; killed; did; recover as; wasn’t ;foundwhose;tell/ see/distinguish/find; year shouting/crying/ yelling; difficulty/ trouble/ problemneither; government; merge; jobs composed; latteridentify/ analyzeGames; on ; announcement / decision average/ incredibleregret; missedreputation/ name; angry/ surprised/ desappointedcomplain;themselves; against warned; choice/ alternatiive/ option 2003was; grewclearly/ neatly/carefully/ distinctly some; decided/ intendedinvented; centurybymeanschef/ cook; talent/ skillringing; perhapswhoseenough; wonder/ doubtmentioned/described/reported; held unless; exceptions/ optionspopularhwole/hottestangry/ furious/ indignant; of ; stolen smoking; health/lungplaying; minesurprisedbroke; ought; managedsettle; smaller/bigger/largercarried; results/ findingsreally/ comletely/such; would ; on watching; hardly/ couldn’tboth; much/ far/ becominggot/received/read; postponed/ delayed driving; countriesnone; now/ available/stocked/ left2004an; unlikemuch/farcarry/ liftexplained; difficultydamaged; forshallturned/ handedtired/ exhausteditsome; pregnantcharges; check;stayedaboutwore; elseownsinterestedfun; happy; almost/ enarly; untilwritten/ published/ printed; none; trying/eager; happenhad; wonderexpectedoftenanswering;; annoyedgive; the ; expert; lot since/ asloaf; unfortunately/unluckily; cheap reachapply; expired; Embassy; lasts/takes 2005weather; drove closes/ opens; checksmoothly; lessexcept; elsemaytaught;job; facotry/ plantangry; would; tookwith; enjoyed/ funduring; moises/noisejokes; everlooking; wait; findapprove; thing/ habit; chance/possibility/ dangerof; used; prison/ jaildifficulty; complainwent/left; start/ go/ leaveby; workprevent/stop/avoidneither;work/orderplanned; unable; howeversucheachheavier/fattermust;strange/oddfew;reluctant/unwillingwithout; unless2006returning/ back; foran; doubt; howeveroftendifference; look. Are.seem microscope;nakedbefore; excited; staying; blocks ; forward at; regards ;soonidea; anyone/ anybodyavailable; mind ;insteadgettingthose; what/ anything; other; along/in/ on/ downunder; coolertook could; exactly ; contrast; tends left; wanted; wouldn’ttime; had; fortunately; another; charge unusual/strange; wondermaking/giving/delivering; helpbitten/chasedhad/ madehis2007wroteallowed/permitted/ asked/ told reading; agosurprsing/odd/funnytimes; often/frequentlyin; saysdelayed/ postponed; informed/ clear differencespent; wonderno; dealan; enjoy; know;whiletaughtidea/suggestion; goingbigger/smaller/largerattended; sponsored/held; a lasted; followed; some/ all/oneused; injured; still; if/though; since rose; for; dropping/fallingwhose;doing; until; need/havebetter; mightsoonsold; according; story/storey; as2008attendOlympic; heldwhoseaccidentweighimportedsome; about; inlet; carclean; before/unlessbigger; couple; take; onsince; went; taughthit/striken/damaged; collapsed/ damaged; killed/deadan; provide/offer/find; matter补充说明:关于provideProvide 常用的结构是provide sb withsth,和provide sth for sb 如:The hotel provides a shoe-cleaning service for guests.宾馆为顾客提供一项擦鞋的服务。
农学博士英语试题及答案

农学博士英语试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. Which of the following is a common agricultural practice?A. MonocultureB. PolycultureC. Both A and BD. None of the above2. The term "photosynthesis" refers to the process by which plants:A. Convert sunlight into energyB. Break down organic compoundsC. Absorb waterD. Release oxygen3. In agriculture, the use of "fertilizers" is primarily for:A. Soil structure improvementB. Pest controlC. Enhancing plant growthD. Harvesting crops4. What is the main purpose of crop rotation?A. To increase crop yieldB. To reduce soil erosionC. To prevent pest infestationD. All of the above5. The "Green Revolution" in agriculture is associated with:A. The use of high-yielding varietiesB. The application of organic farmingC. The reduction of chemical fertilizersD. The promotion of sustainable practices6. What is the role of "pesticides" in agriculture?A. To increase crop yieldB. To protect crops from pestsC. To improve soil fertilityD. To enhance crop quality7. "Organic farming" is characterized by:A. The use of chemical fertilizersB. The avoidance of synthetic chemicalsC. The reliance on monocultureD. The use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)8. The term "biotechnology" in agriculture refers to:A. The use of traditional farming methodsB. The application of modern scientific techniquesC. The cultivation of wild plantsD. The breeding of livestock9. "Sustainable agriculture" aims to:A. Maximize short-term profitsB. Ensure long-term productivityC. Increase the use of machineryD. Expand the scale of farming10. "Conservation tillage" is a method that:A. Involves deep plowing of soilB. Reduces soil disturbanceC. Increases the use of waterD. Requires more fertilizers二、填空题(每题1分,共10分)1. The process by which plants absorb water and nutrients from the soil is known as __________.2. A system of farming that mimics natural ecosystems is called __________.3. The use of genetically modified seeds in agriculture can lead to __________.4. The practice of leaving land fallow for a period is known as __________.5. The main component of natural gas used as a fertilizer is __________.6. The technique of grafting involves joining two different plants to form a __________.7. The term "drought-resistant" refers to plants that can survive with __________.8. The process of converting solar energy into chemical energy in plants is __________.9. The use of manure as a fertilizer is an example of__________.10. The practice of planting different crops in the samefield at the same time is known as __________.三、简答题(每题5分,共20分)1. Explain the concept of integrated pest management (IPM) in agriculture.2. Describe the benefits of using compost in agricultural practices.3. What are the potential environmental impacts of using chemical fertilizers?4. Discuss the importance of biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems.四、论述题(每题15分,共30分)1. Discuss the role of biotechnology in modern agriculture and its potential implications for food security.2. Analyze the challenges and opportunities presented by the adoption of precision farming techniques.五、翻译题(每题5分,共10分)1. Translate the following sentence into English: “土壤侵蚀是农业生产中一个严重的问题,需要采取有效措施来防止。
中国地质大学考博英语冲刺第四课例题习题

中国地质大学考博英语冲刺第四课例题习题Americans had always been preoccupied with reforming their society;with “making it over,”and between the1890s and the end of the First World War, the reform spirit intensified.More and more people tried to address the problem of their time directly,to impose order on a confusing world,and,especially,to create a(examda)conflict-free society.Their efforts,inspired by a complicated mixture of calculated self-interest and unselfish benevolence,helped what can be called the Progressive era.The urge for reform had many sources. Industrialization had brought unprecedented productivity,awesome technology, and plenty of consumer goods.But it had also included labor struggle,waste of natural resources,and abuse of corporate power.Rapidly growing cities facilitated the accumulation and distribution of goods,services,and cultural amenities but also magnified problems of poverty,disease,crime,and political corruption.Massive inflows of immigrants and the rise of a new class of managers and professionals shook the foundations of old social classes.And the depression that crippled the nation in the1890s made many leading citizens realize what working people had known for some time:the central promise of American life was not being kept;equality of opportunity—whether economic, political,or social—was a myth.Progressives tried to resolve these problems by organizing ideas and actions around three basic themes.First,they sought to end abuses of power.Second, progressives aimed to replace corrupt power with the power of reformed institutions such as schools,charities,medical clinics,and the family.Third progressives wanted to apply principles of science and efficiency on a nationwide scale to all economic,social,and political institutions,to minimize social and economic disorder and to establish cooperation,especially between business and government,that would end wasteful competition and labor conflict.Befitting their name,progressives had strong faith in the ability of humankind to create a better world.More than ever before,Americans looked to government as an agent of the people that could and should intervene in social and economic relations to protect the common good and substitute public interest for self-interest.41.The passage is primarily concerned with.A.the reasons for the Progressive MovementB.the problems that American society faced between the1890s and the end of World war IC.the causes and contents of the Progressive reformD.the belief that Americans possessed in their society42.All of the following can be inferred from the passage about the American society before the1890s except that.A.there was little equal opportunity for general AmericansB.industry developed very rapidlyC.thousands of people immigrated to the United StatesD.economic depression did great harm to its development43.The author believed that the remedy for the social problems is.A.to stop the use of powerB.to establish more schools and medical clinicsC.to depend on government to make reformsD.to minimize the conflict between the labor and capital44.It can be inferred from the passage that Progressives believed that.A.the rate of industrial development should be reducedB.rapid growth of cities resulted mainly from the massive immigrationC.human beings are able to do anything wellernment tended to protect the businesses rather than the masses45.It can be concluded from the passage that the spirit of the progressive movement is the spirit.A.to end political corruptionB.to minimize social and economic disorderC.to promote free competitionD.to reform all the social evils and problems本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
中国地质大学 考博真题 英语 1994-1997及答案

CHINA UNIVERSITY OF GEOSCIENCESPhD Entrance Examination in English11 May 1994PART 3. T he sentences below contain one or more blanks. Write one appropriate word in each blank. There may be several appropriate choices, but you must write only one. Your choice must be logical, grammatically correct and properly spelled. In other words, it must be acceptable real English. Any answer in good English is correct.Put only ONE word in each blank. Contractions like he’s or they’ve are considered one word. If you put more than one word in a blank, your answer will automatically be wrong.++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1. Yesterday I gave my mother ___________ orange sweater for _________ birthday.2. I was hungry, _________ I went into a restaurant and ordered ________food. The waiter _______ a longtime to bring me _______ I had ordered. When he finally brought it, he _______for the delay.3. Someone________ just given me a typewriter. Do you think you could _______me to type?4. Look at the time! It’s already 5:10, and we have to be at the station by 5:45! If we don’t _______ up,we’ll _________ our train.5. The stores are so crowded today and the file at the theatre is terrible. _______ just stay home and________television instead. Of course, if you’d really ________ go out, we can do that. I’ll leave it up to you.6. These documents are all in Chinese. We need to _______them translated _______ English in time_________ the meeting with the foreign businessmen _________ Friday.7. My parents have been __________ me to ___________married for the last two years, but I still haven’tmade up my ___________.8. __________ to the weather report on the radio, it’s raining in Shanghai , but that ________ be true. I wasjust on the phone to shanghai and the _________ I spoke with said it was sunny there.9. After I ________ the university entrance exam I was extremely upset, because I was almost sure I had_________ the test. To my ________, it __________ out that I had gotten the highest score in theprovince!10. This man claims that he’s from Beijing, but he speaks with a strong southern ________. It’s obviousthat he is just ________ to be from Beijing. I ________ where he’s really from.11. I __________ to speak Russian fluently, but that’s not true now. In fact, I can no ________carry on evena simple conversation in the language. I _________be able to get back my former fluency if I stayed inRussia for a __________ months.12. Our research team is _________ to complete a major project. Our findings will be _________in a series ofarticles scheduled to appear next year. I will also _________ the results at a conference being _________ in Sydney later this year.13. We are having some _________ with the machine that we imported__________ Japan last year. It has__________down twice already. Each time we have ________to ask a technician to come to Beijing to __________it. The good news is that our technicians have__________ completed their training in Tokyo.The next time we have a __________ , we won’t need to send for a Japanese specialist.14. __________ he studied in America for three years, he can’t write English very well. He is ratherembarrassed by this now. He _________ he had spent more time ___________his written English while he was abroad.15. You and I don’t need anyone else’s assistance. We can solve these problems by __________.CHINA UNIVERSITY OF GEOSCIENCESPHD ENTRANCE EXAMINATION IN ENGLISHMAY 1995PART 3. Each question in this part consist of one or more sentences in which four words or phrases are underlined. The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked A, B, C, D. Decide which one of the four parts is not good English. Then write the letter under that part in the space on the left side of the page.If the four underlined parts are all good English (in other words, if there is no error in the sentence), write E in the space.REMEMBER: You have five possible choices—A, B, C, D or E (= no error).ANSWERS1 ______ I hope the boss will agree to replace the furnitures in our office soon. The office shouldA B Clook more modern.D2 ______ You are suppose to finish writing your report by Friday if you want it to be printed inA B Ctime for the conference.D3_______ Even though he is already half an hour late, don’t you think it would be a good idea toA B Cwait a few minutes before we give up on him.D4 _______ There is a chart at the bottom of the page illustrates the surprising discrepancies in theA B Cfindings of the two research teams.D5________ Next week I am scheduled to fly to St Petersburg for a five-days internationalA Bconference on key recent development in geophysics.C D6________ Because research funds have become much harder to obtain in the past two years, soA B Cwe have decided to focus on smaller projects.D7________ The minerals that the human body require are usually obtained from plants and, to aA B Clesser extent, from animals.D8________ Although I’ve often seen him on our campus, but I’m not sure who he is.A B C D9________ One of the most interesting things about San Francisco is the way the city’s streets goA B Cup and down over its numerous hills.D10_______ The laboratory in which we do most of our experiments is located on the third floor ofA B Cthe building across the street.D11_______ To improve my English, I ever read scientific articles and jot down useful words andA B Cphrases in a notebook I keep just for that purpose .D12_______ Yesterday I had some free time, so I took a bus downtown and went to an exhibitionA B Cof Chinese new products.D13_______ I don’t think it would be a good idea for me to do fieldwork this summer, since myA B Cwife is having a baby.D14_______ It’s pity you can’t go to the movies with me. I really believe you would enjoy the filmA B Cthat’s being shown.D15_______ I’m very glad that I have an excuse for not going to the meeting tomorrow morning. IA Bcan’t stand such kind of meetings. They are a complete waste of time.C D16_______ According to the government’s plan, our university campus is set to undergo extensiveA Bchanges. About six millions of dollars will be spent on new buildings over the next five years.C D17_______ It is obviously that we will be unable to carry out the next phase of our research unlessA Bwe can get access to a more powerful electron microscope.C D18_______ These two young scientists are clearly responsible for most of significant researchA Bdone in this institute since the death of Professor Qin.C D19_______ Be very, very quiet! See if you can remove the papers without make a sound.A B COtherwise you’ll wake the baby.D20_______ I was almost killed in a terrible traffic accident that occurred late last year near theA B Cgate of our university. I am very strange that you haven’t heard about it!DPART 3. The sentences below contain one or more blanks. Write one appropriate word in each blank. There may be several appropriate choices, but you must write only one. Your choice must be logical, grammatically correct and properly spelled. In other words, it must be acceptable real English. Any answer in good English is correct.Put only ONE word in each blank. Contractions like he’s or they’re are considered one word. If you put more than one word in a blank, your answer will automatically be wrong.++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1.________ your friend ever visited the Great Wall?2.In _____ to find out if a hypothesis is true or not, scientists normally conduct _______.3.I _____ eating dinner when the telephone rang.4.As you can see, this building is a restaurant. It ______ to be a shop, but about three years ___ the ownerdecided he could ____ more money if he changed it into a restaurant.5.There _____ three people in the room. The one ______ the book is my brother. The _____ two areschoolmates of his Guangzhou.6.Which would you ______ drink, tea or coffee?7.How _____ beer does a bottle of this size hold?8.Professor Wang’s plane is ______ to arrive at 10 o’clock. Do you know if anyone is _________ him atthe airport?9.People say this is _______ informative articles. Have you read it _______ ?10.The director is very pleased _______ Ms Cui’s work, so he has decided to ______ her. Starting new week,she will be our supervisor.11._________ a few Russians have blond hair. It’s not at all rare.12.The State Science and Technology Commission is giving our research team an ________ for the projectwe completed _______ January. Some experts say that our research results will ________ China to increase its gold production by fifteen percent.13.Word and stone were the first materials _______ for tools.14.I’m putting the object on the scale to find out how much it ______ .15.I was a student at Zhejiang University from 1985 to 1990. Since ________ I have worked ________anengineer in a factory that ________ motors for cars and trucks.16. A square is a shape with four ________ sides.17._________ Australia and Canada are huge countries, they have rather small populations. _______ of theland in both nations is uninhabited.18.When our oil drill broke down, it _______ us over a month to _______ it.19.I think all Chinese scientists _______ be able to read and speak English, Russian or Japanese . Do you______ with me?20.Japanese culture is very _______ to that of China and Korea. This is because the Japanese _____ much oftheir East Asian neighbors until the last century.21.Our research team tried ________ ten months to find the money to continue our project. We finally________ in getting funds from a company in Shanghai. We completed the project last month. The results will be ______ in a well-known international scientific journal.22.My sister is ambitious and works very ______ , whereas my brother is so lazy that he _______ works at all.23.Next summer an international geological congress will be ______ in Berijing. The organizers ________thousands of scientists to come to Beijing from all over the globe. Unfortunately I will be _______ all summer, so I’ll have to miss the event. What about you? Are you planning to _______ it? I certainly would be there if I ___ you. It will be a wonderful _______ to meet some of the greatest geologists of our generation.24.It is possible to see _______ a window, but not a mirror.25.I had a lot of _______ opening the door to our lab this morning. I don’t know why it was so _______ .Neither my key nor the door seems to be damaged.CHINA UNIVERSITY OF GEOSCIENCESPhD Entrance Examination in EnglishMay 1996PART 2. Each question in this part consists of one or more sentences in which four words or phrases are underlined, The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked A,B,C,D.Decide which one of the four parts is not good English. Then write the letter under that part in the space on the left side of the page .If the four underlined parts are all good English (in other words,if there is no error in the sentence ).write E in the space.REMEMBER : You have FIVE possible choices-----A,B,C,D or E (=no error).ANSWERS1._______ Over half of soldiers in the Chinese army come from rural areas. Those whoA B Cleave the army often go back to their villages and set up small businesses.D2._______ I am not sure that the door to our lab is enough wide to allow the workmen toA B Cmove in the bigger pieces of equipment.D3._______ If we can persuade the foundation to grant us just a little more money ,so we willA B Cbe able to finish this project in time for the conference.D4._______ Professor Harris certainly isn't much of a lecturer .I am always very boring then IA Bhave to sit through one of his long dull presentations.C D5._______ Since the roads in the region are so poor,even with three geological teams it willA B Cprobably take at least five or six months to complete all the fieldworks.D6._______ On the staff of our institute are some 180 technicians, half of whom have little orA B C Dnothing to do.7._______Which of them is going to accompany with Professor Hart when he travels toA Beastern Tibet this fall.C D8._______ In the article I included a drawing illustrates the geology beneath the surface ofA B Cour main drilling site.D9._______ I'd like to find the phone number of the Beijing office of a engineering firmA Bnamed Bechtel,but I don't know what it's called in Chinese.Do you happen toC Dknow?10._______ It was hard to get to our hotel from the airport .As we couldn't afford a taxi,firstA Bwe took a bus,and later we change to the underground.C D11._______ Several of the people in my chemistry class suddenly got sick last night and had toA Bgo to the hospital .Three other classmates of mine were already in the hospitalCwith a mysterious illness.D12._______ The best months in which to go Beijing are May and October,when the skies areA B Cclear and the average temperature is pleasantly cool.D13._______ Everybody hopes that tomorrow would be sunny .If not ,we will be forced to callA Bour picnic off or else to eat indoors.C D14._______ The businessmen standing over there speaking English are mostly from the USA Band Canada,but one of them is a British and three are Australians.C D15._______ The director has frequently said that we should make better use of ourAcomputers,however, the older employees still have not received adequateB Ccomputer training.D16._______ A Chinese ancient thinker once said that a picture is worth a thousand words .TheA Bpublishers who put out textbooks for Chinese university students should heedCthis excellent advice.D17._______ I am eating in dining halls for the last six weeks ,because neither I nor myA Broommate has time to cook while we prepare for our qualifying exams.C D18._______ Only a handful of fossils of this sort have been found in all parts of the world .OurA Bmuseum is remarkably fortunate to have five of the twelve known specimens inC Dits collection.19._______We are conducting this series of experiments in order to seek more nowledges.TheA B Cresults thus far have been most impressive.D20._______ This newly-published article is extremely useful.I think I will give the author aA Bletter to tell him how interested I am in his work. Perhaps we can undertake someC Djoint research in the future.PART 3. In this part of the test you are asked to complete an analogy.For instance,on your paper you may see this :BLACK :: WHITEBIG :: _________You should interpret this as " The word black has the same relation to the word white as the word big has to the "word __________".First you should think about black and white .How are they related,logically and grammatically?You decide that they are both adjectives and that they are opposite in meaning.Then ask yourself what adjective is the opposite of big.There are several words you could choose,but you must give only one.You could choose small or little or tiny,etc.Each is the opposite of big.You decide to use the word small ,so you write that word in the space provided.Now you analogy is complete .black and white are opposite in neaning but grammatically similar,and so are big and small.Remember to put only one word or short phrase (e.g. on time) in each blank+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +1 PEN :: WRITETRUCK :: ______________2 PALACE :: HOUSEMOUNTAIN :: _____________3 FLOAT :: SINKMOVE :: _____________4 SCATTERED :: CONCENTRATEDOPTIONAL :: ______________5 MESS :: DISORDERPROPOSAL ::______________6 RICH :: MONEYCURIOUS :: _______________7 INSTRUMENT ::MICROSCOPESTRUCTURE::______________8 MUSEUM :: DISPLAYSDICTIONARY :: ______________9 BEHIND SCHEDULE :: LATESIGNIFICANT :: _____________10 ENORMOUS :: LARGEFURIOUS ::_____________PART 4.In this section you must write some questions. You will see a sentence with an underlined part . This underlined part is the answer to the question you should make .For example,suppose you see this:Q _________________________________________________A His name is John Forstner.What question (Q) will produce the answer (A) in which John Forstner is the key information ?You decide that the question must be "What is his name ?" and you then write that question in the space above the answer .You could make other correct choices.For instance,if you were to write "What is he called?",that would also be acceptable. Please give only one question,however .Don't forget to write the question mark(?) where you need it . Sometimes the answer will be very short ,the kind of very short reply you might make in spoken English.Just make sure your question can logically produce that answer,whatever it is.+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +1 Q ________________________________________________________________A He took the city bus.2 Q ______________________________________________________________A It's located in western Hubei.3 Q _____________________________________________________________A 2022244,extension 99750.4 Q ______________________________________________________________A They examined the samples under the electron microscope.5 Q __________________________________________________________A He got there 45 minutes late.6 Q ___________________________________________________________A It's published every 4 months.7 Q ______________________________________________________________A They gave it to the policeman.8 Q ___________________________________________________________A They gave it to the policeman.9 Q ___________________________________________________________A I grew up in a town about 450 km west of Moscow.10 Q ________________________________________________________A The town I grew up in was a small, friendly,sleepy place on the Volga River,85km from the nearest railway.PART 5. The sentences below contain one or more blanks. Write one appropriate word in each blank .There may be several appropriate choices,but you must write only one. Your choice must be logical,grammatically correct and properly spelled. In other words,it must be acceptalbe real English.Any answer in good English is correct.If no word is needed or appropriate , write zero (0) in the blank. You must use this symbol to show that nothing is needed in the blank Empty blanks, with no word or zero in them , will count as errors.+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +1 The meter is used internationally to _________ distance.2 I studied at Qinghua University from 1989 to 1994 .Since __________ I have been _______for theSiemens Corporation in Shanghai as ________ industrial engineer.3 This is the clearest textbook I've___________ studied.4 __________Russians can speak Chinese, even ___________Russia and China have been neighbors forover three _________now.5 Wood, coal and __________ gas are all used for _______in different parts of China.6 My watch is very ________. It's never fast or slow .7 The film made a deep _________on me. In fact,I was so __________by it that I went to see it______seven times.8 He said he would be at the meeting today, but I _________whether he'll actually come.9 _________intends to wear a black dress to the party this evening .________husband is going in a greysuit.10 We didn't arrive until 6 o'clock. The delay was ______by the repairs being made on the highway_________Jinan and Tianjin. We were quite __________to find the repair work still in progress, because we heard that the work on the road had been completed ________ three weeks earlier .11 Mistakes are hard to ________when one is inexperienced.12 Our article has been __________by the journal, but the editors haven't ________us when it will be published.13 Steel is manufactured ________iron ore.14 My father _______mathematics in a Chengdu secondary school until he ______in 1993.Now he_________most of ________time working in the garden behind our house.15 Qomolangma (Mt Everest) is the ______tallest mountain, if I'm not mistaken.16 I ______basketball almost every day when I was a teenager. Nowadays I get very __________exercise.As a _______I'm beginning to put on weight.17 _______the conference English will be used ________the main working language. Anyone who can'tspeak English will have to rely on ________.18 The__________ in our lab is getting old. I think it should all be ________with new instruments.19 Most people__________ the summer weather in Wuhan very unpleasant.20 The government of China tries to promote scientific research, ___________research likely to contribute to economic growth.。
中国地质大学(北京)考博英语阅读解析

中国地质大学(北京)考博英语阅读解析Passage Nine(Holmes' Knowledge)His ignorance was as remarkable as his knowledge. Of contemporary literature, philosophy and politics he appeared to know next to nothing. Upon my quoting Thomas Carlyle, he inquired in the naivest way who he might be and what he had done. My surprise reached a climax, however, when I found incidentally that he was ignorant of the Copernican Theory and of the composition of the Solar system."You appear to be astonished, " Holmes said, smiling at my expression. "Now that I do know it I shall do my best to forget it. You see, I consider that a man's brain originally is like a little empty attic, and you have to stock it with such furniture as you choose: A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has difficulty in laying his hand upon it. It is a mistake to think that the little room has elastic walls and can distend to any extent. Depend upon it, there comes a time when for every addition of knowledge you forget something that you know before. It is of the highest importance, therefore, not to have useless facts elbowing out the useful ones.""But the Solar System! " I protested.(PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: 772678537) "What the deuce is it to me?" he interrupted impatiently.One morning, I picked up a magazine from the table and attempted to while away the time with it, while my companion munched silently at his toast. One of the articles had a pencil mark at the heading, and I naturally began to run my eye through it.Its somewhat ambitious title was "The Book of Life, " and it attempted to show how much an observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way. It struck me as being a remarkable mixture of shrewdness and of absurdity. The reasoning was close and intense, but the deduction appeared to me to be far-fetched and exaggerated. The writer claimed by a momentary expression, a twitch of a muscle or a glance of an eye, to fathom a man's inmost thought. Deceit, according to him, was impossibility in the case of one trained to observation and analysis. His conclusionswere as infallible as so many propositions of Euclid. So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer."From a drop of water, "said the writer, "a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic. So all life is a great chain, the nature of which is known whenever we are shown a single link of it. Like all other arts, the science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired by long and patient study, nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it. "This smartly written piece of theory I could not accept until a succession of evidences justified it.1. What is the author's attitude toward Holmes?[A]Praising.[B]Critical.[C]Ironical.[D]Distaste.2. What way did the author take to stick out Holmes' uniqueness?[A]By deduction.[B]By explanation.[C]By contrast.[D]By analysis.3. What was the Holmes' idea about knowledge-learning?[A]Learning what every body learned.[B]Learning what was useful to you.[C]Learning whatever you came across.[D]Learning what was different to you.4. What did the article mentioned in the passage talk about?[A]One may master the way of reasoning through observation.[B]One may become rather critical through observation and analysis.[C]One may become rather sharp through observation and analysis.[D]One may become practical through observation and analysis.本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
地质大学英语试卷A

山西省城乡建设学校期末试卷科目:英语注意:将所有答案均写在答题纸上。
Part ⅠVocabulary (30%)Sections ADirection : Fill in the blanks with words given below. Change the form where necessary. Then write it on the Answer Paper(15%)1.To_______ the language barrier, they are working hard at English.2.He looked out of the window, _______ the landscape of the countryside.3.We are_______ that we can overcome (克服)the difficulties.4.College has helped Bill to_______ his interests.5.Since China has entered the WTO, the_______ on foreign businesses will gradually bereduced.6.The problem with some of these drugs is that they are so_______.7.Can you_______ me two good seats for the concert?8.This is a_______ amusing film. Y ou'll regret if you miss it.9.She was annoyed by the young man's impolite________.10.The driver_______ the traffic light, and as a result, he ran into another car.11.She is very busy; she doesn’t have much_______ time.12.He_______ himself very quickly to changes in culture when he came to of the country.13.Y our support is_______ to the success of my plan.14.To_______ a happy mood is very important in one’s study and work.15.We were greatly_______ to hear about his sitting on the wet paint.Sections BDirection :Synonym matching. Then write it on the Answer Paper(找出下表中第1列中单词与第3列中对应的近义词,将相应的序号答案填入第二列中。
地质大学博士入学试题

地质大学(北京)博士入学试题(地层学)一、名词解释1.层型stratotype:也叫典型剖面,已命名的成层地层单位或地层界线的原来或后来指定的参考标准。
它是特定岩层序列中的一个特定间隔或一个特定点,并构成了该地层单位或被确定的地层界线的定义和特征说明的标准。
2.延限带range zone:也叫极顶带,指从地层序列的化石组合中,经过选择的任何一个或几个化石分子的已知延限所代表的那段地层体。
它包括分类单元延限和共存延限两种类型。
3.地层穿时diachronism:包括岩石地层和生物地层等在内的所有非年代地层单位在不同地点所代表的时间不同的现象。
它表现为地层单位的顶底界面与时间面斜交和顶底界面之间的时间间隔在不同地点不相等。
4.退积序列retrogressive succession:当湖平面或海平面下降时,由于水体分别范围不断缩小,在滨岸地带,特别是在沉积物底面坡度较大的地方(如三角洲),会发生岩相带向陆方向的海侵式迁移。
这种沉积序列就是退积序列。
5.事件地层event stratigraphy:地层学的一个分支,侧重于利用稀有的突发事件及其地质记录,去划分和对比地层,按自然特征确定地层界线。
6.初始海泛面first flooding surface:层序地层学的一个术语,为层序内部准层序之间的界面,它代表了海平面的相对上升,其下是低位体系域或陆架边缘体系域,其上是海侵体系域。
7.生物相biofacies:以所含化石来表现出地层单位或间隔的生物地层面貌。
8.混合极性带mixed polarity chrone:地磁记录表现为正向和反向频繁交替特征的一个岩石单位,是磁极性地层分类的重要单位。
9.沉积层序depositional sequence:层序地层学中一个重要的概念和基本单位,它由一系列的沉积体系域组成,并被认为是全球海平面变化曲线前一个下降拐点至后一个下降拐点之间的产物。
10.生物区系faunal province:由于地理隔离,不同地区的生物群独立发展,产生组成分子多数不同、面貌存在较大差异的不同生物群,即生物地理分区。
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19931.Chicago’s Sears Tower, now the taller building in the world, rises1,522 feet from the ground to the top ofits antenna.2.Vitamin E, which is found in nutritious foods such as green vegetables and whole grains, action as anantioxidant in cell membranes.3.Social stratification can based on many criteria, such as weaith, cultural level, legal status, birth, personalqualities, and idoology.4.Early in United States history, the rights of women were championed in Wyoming,the state where theywere first guaranteed the right to vote.5.Only after Theodore Roosevelt become president did conservation developed into a major enviromentalissue in the United States.6.If he were alive today, F. Scott Fitzgerald might be surprised to learn that his novel The Graet Gdtsbyhaving transcended its own age and tuined into a timeless classic.7.Many environmentalists fear that the earth will run out essential natural resources before the end of thetwentieth century.8.The personality traits of children are often similar to those that of their parents, but these traits are notalways genetically conditioned.9.Wages and salaries account for nearly three fourths of the total nationally income generated in the UnitedStates annually10.Father evidence is needed to support recent research which suggests that certain chemicals found inbroccoli may act as cancer preventatives.11.Emily Dickinson, one of the greatest poets of the Unite States, was entirely almost unknow to the pople ofher own time.12.The National Cowboy Hall of Fame in Oklahoma City pay tribute to everyone associated with whatAmericans call the “Old West”13.Scientist can detect when someone is dreaming by using an electroencephalograph, a machine that registersdifference brain waves in a sleeping individual.14.Because geophysics embraces the concepts, data, and methods of various other science, so it is very broad inscope, and its boundaries are hard to define.15.Despite the broad acclaim of him novels, James Baldwin is most highly repected as an essayist and socialcritie.16.In proportion to its size, the hungriest animal is the shrew, which must consume several times their ownweight every day.17.The novels of Pearl S.Buck show a knee understanding of China and the Chinese people, knowledge whichlearned by living there for many years.18.North America has eight time zone ranging from Newfoundland on the East Coast to Alaska on the WestCoast.19.Dams are used to control flooding, provide water for irrigation,and generating electricity for thesurrounding area.19931.I know that Professor Wang and Ms Li were at the meeting.Who ______was there?2.At lunch today he told us ______his trip to Zhengzhou.It seems he had a lot of fun there.All of us were______,because we don’t think of Zhengzhou as an amusing place.3.He has never taken any dancing lessons,yet he dances very______4.I ____ this dress made last month._______do you think of it?5.I can’t read this book in Russian.Do you know if it’s been______ _______ English yet?6.A:She’s very busy this week.I _______if she’ll be able to go to the party.B:I ____ it .She just has too much work to do.7.John left for New York yesterday.I’m not ____(=I don’t really know)when he’ll____back here.8.I hear you’re a geophysical consultant.So you_____if I ask you how much money you_____in an average month?9.What’s the______between a “vacation” and a “holiday”?I keep getting the two words mixed up.10.We ______about 400 people to attend the lecture,but ______only 250 came.11.I told that fellow to stop making so much noise half an hour____,but he still_____stopped.12.I t’s not ______to stare at people.13.You’re getting fat.You’d _____lose some_____or your health is going to suffer.14.He felt very_______when he insisted on paying the _____at the restaurant and then discovered that he’d left all his money at home.As he ____the problem and asked his friends to pay,his face turned bright red.15.A:I’m conducting a survey.Could you tell me how_____hours a day you_______television?B:That’s hard to say.I can’t give you an exact figure.A:It doesn’t matter.All I need is a rough_____.16.Have you ever______a horse?They’re not a very comfortable means of transportation.17.Our lab is on the fifth floor of that ten-storey_______ down the street.18.They’re_______money to buy a new refrigerator.19.______to the schedule,their plane is arriving at 11:35.______I go to the airport to meet them or would you prefer to?20.Excuse me,sir.Smoking is _____here.You’ll have to______your cigarette out or leave the hall.。