首都师范大学2003年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题及答案

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03 教育教学论答案

首都师范大学2003年硕士研究生入学考试试题专业：教育学原理、课程与教学论考试科目：教育学研究方向：各方向请将答案注明题号写在答题纸上一、名词解释（每题6分，共36分）1.现代教育的生产性2.教育先行3.教育价值4.双轨学制5.活动教学模式6.全球教育二、简要分析下列问题（每题18分，共54分）1.现代教育如何适应新科技革命的挑战？2.20世纪下半叶世界教学改革运动有哪些重要流派？3.马斯洛人本主义教育思想有哪些主要观点？三、论述题（每题30分，共60分）1.评析教育目的的个人本位和社会本位论的得失。

2.以终身教育观点分析“学校教育在人的发展中起主要作用”。

参考答案首都师范大学2003年硕士研究生入学考试试题专业：教育学原理、课程与教学论考试科目：教育学研究方向：各方向请将答案注明题号写在答题纸上一、名词解释（每题6分，共36分）1.现代教育的生产性：指现代教育主要是培养现代大生产的参加者的教育，它的内容、形式和方法主要是被现代大生产决定的并为现代大生产服务的，它是和生产及生产劳动结合的。

这就是现代教育和现代大生产及生产劳动联系的实质，这也是现代学校和古代学校的本质区别。

现代大生产是建立在现代科学技术的基础上的。

现代大生产的参加者——科学家、工程师、管理专家和工人，都必须具有相应的现代科学文化的基础知识、技能和相应的智力发展，才能适应现代大生产的要求。

而这些东西是不可能在生产劳动的过程中获得的，必须在参加生产前的学校教育的过程中去获得。

因此，资本主义社会和社会主义社会的现代大生产的未来参加者，不管是哪个阶级和阶层的子女，都必须接受现代学校教育。

2.教育先行：指现代社会对教育发展的客观要求。

生产力的发展推动和制约着教育的发展，而教育对生产力的发展也起着巨大的促进作用。

这主要表现在以下几个方面。

教育能把可能的劳动力转化为现实的劳动力，是劳动力再生产的重要手段；科学知识在未用于生产之前，只是一种意识形态的或潜在的生产力，要把潜在的生产力转为人能掌握并用于生产的现实生产力，必须依靠教育；教育的主要职能是传递人类已有的科学知识，但它也担负着发展科学、产生新的科学知识技术的任务，这在高等学校表现尤为明显。

北京师范大学 2003年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

北京师范大学2003年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题语言学及应用语言学汉语言文字学科目代码：437以上专业所有方向考试科目：汉语言文字学一、指出下列词的词性(兼类的分别标出）：（5分）（1）擅长2)许多(3)侥幸(4)辩证(5)进而二、用层次分析法分析下列词组：(6分)(1)有的可以用前面三项来解释(2)对于这样一个竞争对手的出现三、用成分分析法分析下列句子：(6分)(1)镇海随手把头上的大草帽摘下递给了媳妇。

(2)缝好那一天，我争着让姥姥打发我送去的。

四、用夹线法分析下列复句：(6分)(1)我们很多人没有很好的学习语言，所以我们在写文章做演说时没有几句生动活泼切实有力的话，只有死板板的几条筋，像瘪三一样，瘦得难看，不像一个健康的人。

(2)一篇好文章或一篇演说，如果是重要的带指导性质的，总得要提出一个什么问题，接着加以分析，然后综合起来，指明问题的性质，给以解决的方法，这样，就不是形式主义的方法所能济事。

五、正下列病句并说明理由：(6分) ，／‘(1)在火车上，我始终被林务局江科长的几句话兴奋着，不能平静。

(2)至于戏曲舞台上那更是丰富多彩，既出现了不少优秀的现代剧目，更创作了不少表现历史题材的作品和整理出不少杰出的传统剧目。

六、具体分析下列语言片断中所使用的修辞格：(6分)（1）声音初不甚大，只觉入耳有说不出来的妙境：五脏六腑里，像熨斗熨过，无一处不服贴，三万六千个毛孔，像吃了人参果，无一个毛孔不畅快。

（刘鹗：《明湖居听书》）（2）月光如流水一般，静静地泻在这一片叶子和花上，薄薄的青雾浮起在荷塘里。

叶子和花像在牛乳中洗过一样；又像笼着青纱的梦。

（朱自清：《荷塘月色》）七、名词术语解释：（5分）(1) 传统语法(2)《新著国语文法》(3)兼语句(4)唐钺(5)夸张八、谈谈语法修辞的区别和联系：(10分)九、解释下列名词（每小题4分，共20分；）1、分化字2、本义3、反切4、古无舌上5、集解十、简要回答下列问题(每小题10分，共20分)l、举例说明隶变对汉字构形进行调整的方法。

首都师范大学考研真题教育心理学2003答案

首都师范大学2003年硕士研究生入学考试试题专业：课程与教学论考试科目：教育心理学研究方向：各方向请将答案注明题号写在答题纸上一、名词解释（每题5分，共50分）1.学习2.双编码说3.并列结合学习4.最近发展区5.归因论6.原初刺激7.移情作用8.认知失调9.凯勒计划10.图式二、简答题（每题15分，共60分）1.简述同化论的观点。

2.简述创造性与人格的关系。

3.简述专家与新手解决问题能力的差异。

4.简述测量与评价对学生学习的积极作用。

三、论述题（每题20分共40分）1.结合教学实践论述比较皮亚杰与布鲁纳的认知发展观对教学的意义。

2.评析两种范式的动机理论及对教育的含义。

参考答案首都师范大学2003年硕士研究生入学考试试题专业：课程与教学论考试科目：教育心理学研究方向：各方向请将答案注明题号写在答题纸上一、名词解释（每题5分，共50分）1.学习：指个体在特定情景下由于练习或反复经验而产生的行为或行为潜能的比较持久的变化。

认知心理学中的学习被定义为：由于经验所引起的行为或思维的比较持久的变化。

在理解学习这个范畴时，应把握以下三个方面：第一，学习是人与动物共有的普遍现象，无论低级动物或高级动物乃至人类，在其整个生活中都贯穿着学习。

第二，学习是有机体后天习得行为经验的过程。

有机体有两类行为，一类是先天遗传的种的经验，另一类是后天的、习得的经验。

前一种经验的获得，是通过遗传而实现的；而学习指的是后一种经验的掌握，它要在有机体后天生活中实现。

学习发生的变化有时直接表现在行为方面，有时这种变化未必立即见诸行为，可以视为行为潜能的变化或内部心理的内容与机能的变化，这种变化可能是认识上的变化，也可能是情感、意志上的变化。

第三，学习表现为个体行为由于经验而发生的较稳定的变化，这一特征将学习的结果与其他非学习过程的结果区别出来。

2.双编码说：1975年美国心理学家佩沃(Paivio)提出的关于长时记忆加工方式的理论。

2003年硕士生入学“专业”试题

2003年中国社会科学院研究生院硕士生入学考试题社会学理论一、名词解释（每题8分，共40分）1. “多数人的暴政”（De Tocqueville）2. 除魅（M. Weber）3. 分类图式（E. Durkheim）4. 《启蒙辩证法》5. 治理术（governmentality, M. Foucault）二、简答题（每题20分，共40分）1. 请说明“必然王国”与“自由王国”在马克思社会理论中的涵义。

2. 请指出韦伯的社会理论中“责任伦理”与“信念伦理”之间的关系。

三、论述题（每题35分，共70分）1. 请具体指出涂尔干社会理论中的“教育”与马克思社会理论中的“劳动”分别具有什么样的理论意涵，并加以比较。

2. 试比较米歇尔·福柯与法兰克福学派在“权力”分析的过程中所采用的不同理论路径。

城市社会学一、概念题（每题10分，共40分）1、城市2、城市化3、社区4、公共领域二、简述题（每题20分，共60分）1、请解释城市管理中官本位与民本位的实质差别？2、什么叫滞后城市化？如何解决滞后城市化的问题？3、什么叫城市的可持续发展？三、论述题（50分）试论社区民主自治的必要性和社会意义。

社会心理学一、概念题（每题6分，共30分）1. 服从（Obedience）2. 参照群体（Reference group）3. 价值观（V alues）4. 镜像自我（Looking glass self）5. 群体思维（Group thinking）二、简答题（每题10分，共50分）1. 简述测量社会态度(Attitute)的几种方法2. 简述海德（F. Heider）的人际关系认知平衡理论3. 简述现场研究（Field study）在社会心理学中的特殊地位4. 简述流言（Rumour）形成的基本条件5. 简述社会认同理论（Social identity theory）三、论述题（以下三题中任选两题，每题35分，共70分）1. 简述社会学的社会心理学与心理学的社会心理学对于社会心理学的主要贡献2. 试论中国人自我概念的主要特征3. 怎样研究社会变迁中的个人现代性（Individual modernity）的改变？请简要地提出一个研究框架（framework）农村社会学一、名词解释（每题5分，共20分）1、乡村建设运动2、《湖南农民运动考察报告》3、农民道义经济（Moral Economy）理论4、农村税费改革二、简答题（每题20分，共60分）1．简单叙述索罗金（Sorokin）城乡连续谱(Rural-Urban Continuum)的概念；2．简单阐述费孝通“差序格局”格局的概念，并分析其对中国农村社会学研究的作用。

首都师范大学教育学考研历年考题

科目：教育基本理论一、概念解释（5’×4）1. 永恒主义教育2. 教育价3. 活动中心课程4. 德育二、简答（10’×3）1. 什么是教育存在的客观基础？2. 文化对教育的影响有哪些方面？3. 从教育到儿童的发展，这个过程是怎样实现的？三、论述题1. 怎样认识教学过程中的学生主体地位？（20’）2. 当今世界，科学技术突飞猛进，知识经济已见端倪。

试从教育与社会生产的关系有关理论、世界学校教育制度改革趋势结合当今世界特点，谈你对深化教育改革的认识。

(30’)科目：教育基本原理一、名词解释（5’×4）1. 文化2. 科学主义思潮3. 个人本文论4. 实验教育学二、简答（10’×3）1. 简述罗杰斯非指导性教学理论的主要内容及影响2. 简述现代教育的社会文化发展功能3. 简要分析德育过程三、论述1. 结合时代特点论述教学中传授知识和发展能力的关系（20’）2. 结合时代特点论述贤达教育的基本特征2002年科目：教育基本原理一、名词解释（5’×4）1. 人本主义心理学2. 活动教学模式3. 合作教育4. 理性主义二、简答（10’×3）1. 简述现代社会，科学技术、商品经济对德育的影响2. 简述教学中科学与人文的关系3. 分析个人本位论和社会本位论关于教育目的的价值取向三、论述（25’×2）1. 论述教学中的师生关系2. 论述科学发展对教育研究的影响1999年科目：教育史中国教育史（50’）一、概括解释词语：(2’×5)1. 容闳2. 京师大学堂3. 《对于教育方针之意见》4. 壬戌学制5. “教学做合一”二、简答：（3’×5）1. 中国近代初期，地主阶级改革派有哪些主要的教育主张？2. 严复救亡图存的“三育论”内容是什么？3. “五四”时期有哪些主要的教育思潮？4. 陈鹤琴的“活教育”实验内容是什么？5. 新民主主义教育的性质和特色是什么？三、论述：（25’）试析杨贤江教育思想的基本内容及对我们现实教育的启发外国教育史（50’）一、解释概念（3’×4）1. 教育的文化适应性原则2. 实验教育学3. 新学校运动4. 一般发展理论二、简答：（8’×2）1. 简述文艺复兴时期人文主义教育的特征2. 布鲁纳结构主义教育理论的主要内容三、论述题1. 评述日本短期大学的学制、结构和作用（10’）2. 苏霍姆林斯基全面和谐发展教育思想的意义（12’）2000年专业：比较教育学科目：教育史中国教育史（50’）一、解释词语（2’×5）1. 京师同文2. 万木草堂3. 中华职业教育社4. 湖南自修大学5. “全人生指导”二、简答（3’×15）1. 清末地主阶级改革派提倡学习“西学”，有什么具体主张和实际表现？2. 张之洞《劝学篇》基本内容是什么？3. 蔡元培提出制定的民国教育方针基本内容是什么？4. 党领导下的革命老根据地教育基本经验是什么？5. 陶行知“生活教育”论基本内容有哪些？三、论述题（25’）试述梁启超在关于提高国民文化教育素质方面有哪些教育主张？对当今教育有什么启示？外国教育史（50’）一、词语解释（3’×5）1. 实验教育2. 适应自然原则 4. 费里法令5. 一般发展理三、回答问题1. 简述第斯多惠的教学论主张（10’）2. 美国单轨制教育的内容与意义（13’）2001年科目：教育史中国教育史一、名词解释1. 洋务教育（4’）2. 西南联大（3’）3. 小先生制（3’）二、简答（5’×4）1. 清末教育的腐朽性有那些表现？2. 简述1922年学制的特点3. 举出几个20-30年代有影响的乡村教育实验5所抗战时期我党培养高级干部的学校三、论述题（20’）试述蔡元培整顿北京大学的具体内容，这些改革举措对当今教育有那些启迪？外国教育史（50’）一、简答（6’×5）1. “新学校运动2. 《确保教育人才法》3. “全人教育的基本内容4. 裴斯泰洛齐的“教育适应自然原则”5. 《国防教育法》二、论述（20’）述评杜威的实用主义教育理论2002年科目：教育史一、名词解释（5’×4）1. 兼容并包2. 精神助产士3. 新民主主义文化运动的教育方针4. 导生制二、简答（10’×4）1. 简述1944年英国的巴特勒法案2. 简述赫尔巴特的儿童管理思想3. 洋务运动中留学生教育的历史作用4. 简述中国20世纪20年代的教育思潮三、论述题（20’ ×2）1. 论述陶行知教育理论的形成过程及对当今教育的启示。

北京师范大学2003年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试行政管理学试题及答案详解

北京师范大学2003年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试行政管理学试题及答案详解专业：行政管理科目代码：421研究方向：行政管理所有方向考试科目：行政管理学一、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1．行政领导产生的方式。

2．行政决策的特征。

3．行政效率测定的途径和方法。

4．西方国家公务员制度的基本特征。

二、论述题（每题20分，共60分）1．厄威克的行政组织原则。

2．行政权力的特征。

3．新公共行政学的主要观点。

参考答案北京师范大学2003年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题专业：行政管理科目代码：421研究方向：行政管理所有方向考试科目：行政管理学一、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1．行政领导产生的方式。

答：行政领导者产生的主要方式有以下几种：（1）选任制。

即行政领导者是通过被领导者或被领导者的代表选举产生的制度。

选任制适合于政治型行政领导者的产生，它能代表民意，视野开阔，选举的结果具有较大的权威性和公正性。

常任的业务领导者要进行稳定有效的专业领导，因而一般不用选举方式。

（2）委任制。

亦称任命制，即由上级领导者或上级机关直接下令委任其所需人员以某种领导职务的制度。

任命制是各国普遍使用的，是历史最悠久的传统选拔方式。

目前，在各国实行任命制的实际过程中，上级往往要受到许多任职资格和程序方面的限制，并非能够随心所欲地行使任命权。

（3）考任制。

行政领导者由专门的机构根据统一的、客观的标准，通过考试择优产生的制度。

考任制的好处在于广开才路，难点在于人的才能难于测定。

一般公务员考试是考基本知识和素质能力，还比较好考。

而领导考的是专门知识和人的更高级的素质能力，知识好考，但人的能力水平和政治素质、道德品质是否能通过考试测定，实在存在很大的疑问。

另外，考试组织过程的公正性也难以把握。

因此，必须以政治素质、道德品质和业务实绩考核，群众评议和程序公正来予以配合。

（4）聘任制。

即根据工作需要和职务要求，采用竞聘方式，通过与应聘人员签合同、协议类的契约选聘外部人员在一定任期内担任一定的行政领导职务的制度。

首都师范大学2010年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷

首都师范大学2010年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷考试科目代码：211考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语请将答案住明题号写在答题纸上，试题纸上做答无效。

Part I.Proofreading and Error Correction(10POINTS,15MINUTES)Directions:The following passage contains TEN errors.Each numbered line contains ONE error,in which only ONE word is involved.Identify each error and correct it in the following way:copy the wrong word on your ANSWER SHEET and then write down the correct one.Make sure that you write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET!The changes in language will continue forever,but no one wrons word correctionknows sure who does the changing.One possibility is thatchildren are responsible.A professor of linguistic at the 1.________________University of Hawaii explores this in one of his recent books.Sometimes around1880,a language catastrophe occurred 2.________________in Hawaii when thousands of emigrant workers were brought 3.________________to the islands to work for the new sugar industry.Thesepeople spoke different languages were unable to communicate 4.________________with each other or with the native Hawaiians and the dominantEnglish-speaking owners of the plantations.So they firstly 5.________________spoke in Pidgin English—the sort of thing such mixed languagepopulations have always done.A pidgin is not really a languageat all.It is more like a set of verbal signals used to name objectsand without the grammatical rules needed for expressing thought 6.________________and ideas.And then,within a single generation,the whole mess7.________________of mixed people began speaking a totally new tongue:Hawaiian8.________________Creole.The new speech was contained ready-made words borrowedfrom all the original tongues,but beard little or no resemblance9.________________with the predecessors in the rules used for stringing the words10.________________ together.Although generally regarded as primitive language,Hawaiian Creole had a highly sophisticated grammar.Part II.Vocabulary(20POINTS,25MINUTES)Directions:From the four words or phrases under each sentence,choose the one that best suits the blank in each sentence.1.Recent editions of the Chinese classic Tao Te Ching,based on manuscripts more authoritative than those hitherto available,have rendered previous editions______.A.obstinateB.inaccessibleC.illegibleD.obsolete2.Children love to listen to stories about their elders,to_______their imagination to the conception of a traditional great-uncle,or granddame,whom they never saw.A.utilizeB.extendC.exploitD.stretch3.It is a common_______that success always brings happiness although it is true in some cases.A.regulationB.fallacyC.conceptD.myth4.When the guest speaker failed to arrive,the chairman__________to the occasion and made a very amusing speech himself.A.aroseB.roseC.arousedD.confronted5.Based on the evidence rather than________,Dr.Singer's report will refute previously held views about the nesting habits of the rare species.A.conjectureB.ignoranceC.projectionD.theory6.The magazine was publicly_______by a government spokesman for failing to check its facts and distorting the reality.A.rebukedB.refutedC.rebuttedD.reclaimed7.Despite his lack of public speaking experience,the student union member was surprisingly_______and expressed the concerns of his classmates persuasively.A.cogentB.CognateC.congenialD.congnitive8.We were all filled with________when we learnt how the realities of our country had been distorted by rumor-mongers.A.disturbanceB.cognitionC.indignationD.annoyance9.Could a mechanical device ever_______human intelligence?This is the ultimate test whether it could cause a real human to fall in love with it.A.influenceB.eliminateC.duplicateD.undermine10.Nothing lends itself to the feeling of traditional holiday shopping like hitting the streets on a cool evening and it brings back the_______that some of the older generation may have experienced,but younger persons may have only seen on television.A.nominationB.nostalgiaC.reminiscenceD.glamour11.The mystery of this successful businessman is that he is never________at important decisive moments.A.garrulousB.capriciousC.benevolentD.reticent12.When the state government discovered that thermal pollution was killing valuable fish,legislation was passed onto_______the dumpling of hot liquid wastes into rivers and to protect the fish population.A.discourageB.regulateC.facilitateD.prohibit13.The man accused of opening fire last month at a downtown Orlando office building held a_______against a former co-worker who was killed in the mass shooting.A.gruntB.grumbleC.groanD.grudge14.Much of the space in the National Gallery of Art is__________paintings presented to the museum by Andrew Mellon.A.divested ofB.devoid ofC.devoted toD.consisted in15.The stranger was actually smaller than I thought;yet his stature was________by the alarm he caused as he loomed up suddenly in the dark alley.A.worsenedB.magnifiedC.disparagedD.admonished16.Born with_______hearing,she still learned three foreign languages through her life time.A.defectiveB.effectiveC.selectiveD.affective17.Since neither side was ready to________what was necessary for peace,hostility was finally resumed in that areA.A.precedeB.recedeC.concedeD.intercede18.The organization is pressing_____with the task of finding homes for abandoned children.A.onB.downC.outD.up19.Advances in technology occur at such a fast pace that dictionaries have difficulty incorporating the________that emerge for new inventions.A.clichésB.colloquialismsC.euphemismsD.neologisms20.The king's_____decisions as a diplomat and administrator led to his legendary reputation as a just and_______ruler.A.immoral...perceptiveB.quick...arrogantC.equitable...wiseD.generous...wittyPart III.Reading Comprehension(30POINTS,80MINUTES)There are FOUR passages in this section.Read each passage and answer the questions given at the end of each passage.Please write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET!Passage IPeople have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not,or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.Social scientists are,of course,extremely interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet,but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect,the two approaches are very different from one another,and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory.The controversy is often referred to as "nature/nurture".Those who support the"nature"side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors.That our environment has little,if anything,to do with our abilities, characteristics,and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme,this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.Proponents of the"nurture"theory,or,as they are often called,behaviorists,claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.A behaviorist,B.F.Skinner,sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.The behaviorists'view of the human being is quite mechanistic;they maintain that,like machines,humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.Either of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior.In fact,it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes.That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. Answer the following questions by making the best choice.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET(5*1=5points).1.Which one of the following statements would supporters of the"nature"theory agree with?A.A person's instincts have little effect on his action.B.Environment is important in determining a person's behavior and personality.C.Biological reasons have a strong influence on how we act.D.The behaviorists'view correctly explains how we act.2.Which one of the following statements would proponents of the"nurture"theory agree with?A.A person's character is greatly influenced by his environment.B.Behaviorist theory is not correct.C.Biologically based instincts are important in how we act.D.Environment has little to do with behavior.3.B.F.Skinner____________________.A.supports the nature theoryB.believes in the importance of genes in determining personalityC.thinks the environment plays an important role in determining characterD.believes instincts govern behavior4.Concerning the nature/nurture controversy,the writer of this article__________.A.supports the nature theoryB.supports the nurture theoryC.believes both are completely wrongD.thinks that the correct explanation of human behavior will take ideas from both theories5.In the United States,Black people often score below White people on intelligence tests.With this in mind,which one of the following statements is not true?A.Nature proponents would say that Whites are genetically superior to Blacks.B.Supporters of the nature theory would say that Whites score well because they have a superior environment.C.Behaviorists would say that Black often lack the educational and environmental advantages that Whites enjoy.D.Nurture proponents would disagree that Blacks are biologically inferior to Whites.Passage IIHarmful publicationsLack of culture,or rather an excess of the wrong sort of culture,is often considered to be synonymous with disadvantages.Most commonly associated with low cultural standards are low levels of reading and writing.One way of compensating such disadvantaged young people is thought to be to provide them with the culture they lack:in particular, high quality reading material.Comic tragedy?Whereas forty to fifty percent of young people aged sixteen to twenty rarely read a book,the majority of young people appear to read comics.In1991sales of Viz,a UK comic,exceeded one million copies per issue,making it the fourth best selling periodical in Britain.The reading of comics,however,is not restricted to young people:by1992it was estimated that two out of three men aged eighteen to fifty-three read Viz.The reading of comics was traditionally regarded by the educational establishment with considerable suspicion. Whereas the received arts were always assumed to exert an improving or civilizing influence,comics were thought to"rob children's brain",to lower educational standards and to threaten morality.They were,and are,assumed to be an inferior cultural form,their readers assumed to come from the lower social classes,to be low educational attainers and to be easily led astray.Over the past decade,perceptions of comics have shifted.Since the1970s,the comic format has been commonly used to represent the interests of various disenfranchised groups—community groups,the unemployed,welfare recipients—who became more conscious of a climate conditioned by other contemporary movements such as civil rights,consumerism,self-help and de-institutionalization.As cultural signifiers,comics have become the subject matter of academic courses in cultural and media studies.Indeed,young people's cultural activities,grounded in the commercial rather than the subsidized sector,are beginning to merit the attention of the arts establishment.Since the mid-1980s the comics market itself has boomed:the number of specialist shops and attendances at comics conventions has increased six-fold;the number of publishers and mainstream bookshops stocking comics has expanded; collecting comics was reported to be the fastest growing hobby,and in the process,an adult readership has effectively "come out".A survey carried out for Crisis,a fortnightly comic,clearly contradicted the stereotypical image of a comics reader by revealing that two-thirds of its readers were aged sixteen to twenty-four,with the remaining third over twenty-five. Furthermore,the comic's readers were highly educated:over half were studying full-or part-time;nearly three quarters read a quality daily.The comic's most popular stories focused on serious issues to do with the Third World and Northern Ireland.Comics as educationThe tone of educational comics has also changed.Twenty years ago it would have been considered immoral to produce advisorv comics for prisoners,offering health advice for potentially illegal practices,not least because they would have appeared to condone the practices described.Yet comics are now considered to be the most effective medium for such advice,not least because they secure the interest of their target readership.Certain British educationists,such as Margaret Meek,now advocate comics as educationally beneficial.This is because they encourage children and young people to read and contribute positively to the development of their fantasy play and to their acquisition of confidence and assurance.Yet,150years since they were first published,comics remain subject to the old prejudices,which maintain a particularly firm hold in schools.Research is currently under way,in part prompted by curiosity as to why comics are still regarded with such distain by the teaching profession.It is suspected that when comics are used in the classroom they are primarily given to children with learning difficulties,those learning English as a second language and those with behavioral problem;conversely,they are not given to children who have achieved higher educational standards.The research aims to establish to what extent comics are used in statutory and non-statutory education,what they are used for and what their potential might be.The resulting report focuses on the use of comics for and by disenfranchised young people, particularly those who may be denied access to the whole statutory curriculum and whose special educational needs are not adequately met.Answer the following questions by making the best choice.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET(5*1=5points).6.How many examples of an increase in the comic market are given?A.3B.4C.5D.67.A survey of readers conducted for one of the publication showed thatA.all readers of comics are at least16years old.B.most readers in the survey were highly educated.C.most readers of comics also read quality newspapers.D.readers of the most popular comics also read quality newspapers.8.All of the following statements are true EXCEPT:ics have been proved to be the most effective way of giving advice to prisoners.B.Schools disagree with some educationists that comics are educationally beneficial.C.Research is being done to explore the potential use of comics in school education.D.The underlined word"readership"in paragraph5most probably refers to the number of readers.9.In paragraph7,by saying"...not least because they would have appeared to condone the practices described.",the author meansA."...not at all because..."B."...not in the least because..."C."...not only because..."D."...quite importantly because..."10.Broadly speaking,the authorA.regards comics with disdain.B.is not sure about the educational value of comics.C.feels that comics have educational value.D.believes that comics will attract people of increasingly old age.Passage IIIThe new BBC adaptation of Dickens'Little Dorrit has been hailed as the perfect accompaniment to credit-crunch Britain.Dickens was good at asking difficult questions,and even better at avoiding simple answers.Near the start of Dombey and Son,the small and sharp-eyed Paul Dombey asks"Papa!what's money?",and is told that it is"gold and silver,and copper,Guineas,shillings,half-pence".For his father,a prosperous businessman,money represents something else:"Circulating-medium,currency...paper, bullion,rates of exchange,value of precious metals in the market".For Dickens himself,though,money meant far more than the power to buy and sell.Money brought people together and split them apart;it turned ordinary people into models of generosity or monsters of greed;it kept the world moving and was forever threatening to make it spin out of control.Dickens's novels depict a world in which everything has a price,like the coals that Scrooge refuses to burn, cherishing them like diamonds.But as Scrooge's hard-heartedness reveals,the pursuit of such things also has a human cost.The new BBC adaptation of Dickens's Little Dorrit has been hailed as the perfect accompaniment to credit-crunch Britain,but it is not the only novel in which we find Dickens speaking to us,or even speaking for us,in these uncertain financial times.In all their painful,joyful,irrepressible life,his novels offer us glimpses of a world we think we have lost -a period of swirling fog and flickering gaslamps.But the closer we get to this world,the more we start to recognise:the scramble for credit,financial scandal,panic. More recent novelists have attempted to write about the workings of international finance.Saul Bellow's description of market speculation in Seize the Day or Don DeLillo's account of a financial meltdown seen through the eyes of a currency trader in Cosmopolis are compelling in their own way.But there are good reasons why it is Dickens to whom we should now return.The centre around which the Victorian age revolved and Dickens's combination of ambition and anxiety make him unmistakably our contemporary.And not only can we find parallels in his novels with the current crisis,we can also learn from them how to survive and triumph over it.One of the saddest scenes in Little Dorrit comes near the beginning of the novel,as we are introduced to William Dorrit,the longest-serving resident of the Marshalsea Prison.Imprisoned more than20years ago for debt,he has been reduced to accepting pitiful handouts from"admirers"with names like"Snooks","Old Gooseberry"and"the Dogs-meat Man".It is a scene that Dickens wrote from the heart-and from memory.His own father had been imprisoned in theMarshalsea when Charles was still a boy,and even if John Dickens seems to have been serenely unaffected by the experience,his son never came to terms with the shame he felt."I really believed at the time",he wrote later,"that they had broken my heart."The shame spreads through his writings like a blush,although he became adept at making a kind of sad comedy out of it,as when he recalled his father's wise advice to live within his means("if a man had twenty pounds a year,and spent nineteen pounds nineteen shillings and sixpence,he would be happy;but that a shilling spent the other way would make him wretched')and put it into the mouth of David Copperfield's Mr Micawber.As Dickens became more successful as a writer he followed the advice with scrupulous care.At his death,he left £93,000,comfortably making him a millionaire in today's money,but he managed his finances well enough to have accumulated decent reserves of cash while still being known for his generosity.If anything,he was thought to be a soft touch,which is doubtless what made him a target for begging-letter writers. One affected to be a travelling pedlar whose trade was being disrupted by the loss of his horse,and"if I would have the goodness to leave him out a donkey,he would call for the animal before breakfast".Perhaps they had been led to expect as much from Dickens's fiction,because his generosity was not only limited to real people.Characters such as Nicholas Nickleby or Oliver Twist are also showered with gifts at the end of their stories, although only if they prove to be deserving cases.In a world full of gloomy voices,such as Thomas Carlyle's warning that capitalism was destroying old social bonds based on trust,Dickens's novels quietly work to restore a link between money and morality.As in the fairy-tales he loved, his heroes had to demonstrate their true worth in order to be rewarded with a pot of gold.Even if this smacks of a wish-fulfilment fantasy,Dickens's readers had good reason to be thankful to him.After all, the real financial world was far harder to control,and just as likely to punish the good as the wicked.Even in Little Dorrit,that great warning-cry about the financial mess that people can get themselves into,Dickens offers a cheering alternative to the credit-crunch,because another word that binds the novel together is'credit'.Answer the following questions by making the best choice.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET(8*1=8points).11.The new BBC adaptation of Dickens's Little Dorrit is seen as_______.A.a production to accompany the financial timeB.a work to increase the credit rating of Charles DickensC.the right product at the right timeD.Britain's crunch of credit in new forms12.More recent novelists were mentioned by the author to show_______.A.similar financial problemsB.the scramble for creditC.credit-crunch BritainD.a financial meltdown13.By saying that Dickens is our contemporary,the author seems to imply that_______.A.his novels have parallels in the modern timesB.Dickens also lived through credit crunchC.the current crisis has parallels in historyD.we are,like him,also a mixture of great desires and worries14.The word"serenely"probably means________.A.severelyB.calmlyC.eerilyD.sedentarily15.How did his father's experience affected Charles Dickens?A.The shame penetrated his writings.B.He never came to terms with the creditors.C.The humiliation had a lasting effect on him.D.He had a heart attack because of the shame.16.The word"scrupulous"probably means_______.A.scrutinizedB.industriousC.incredulousD.careful17.By mentioning"credit"at the end of the article,the author seems to imply that________.A.credit is unavoidable in modern timesB.credit is the not the root of all evilC.modern people should also emphasize honour.D.people should learn to trust each other18.What is the significance of Dickens'novels in modern times?A.They focus on money and beliefs of right and wrong.B.They also centered around uncertain financial times.C.They demonstrated the true worth of credit.D.They share the same issue of"credit".Passage IVIn this age of chips,we put radios in watchcases and tap telephone with minute electronic packages.Such miniaturization might lead us to the false belief that absolute size is irrelevant to the operation of complex machinery. But nature does not miniaturize neurons(or other cells for that matter).The range of cell size among organisms is incomparably smaller than the range in body size.Small animals simply have far fewer cells than large animals.The human brain contains several billion neurons;an ant is constrained by its small size to have many hundreds of times fewer neurons.There is no established relationship between brain size and intelligence among humans.But this observation cannot be extended to differences between species and certainly not to ranges of sizes separating ants and humans.An efficient computer needs billions of circuits and an ant simply cannot contain enough of them because the relative constancy of cell size requires that small brains contain few neurons.Thus,our large body size served as a prerequisite for self-conscious intelligence.We can make a stronger argument and claim that humans have to be just about the size they are in order to function as they do.In an amusing and provocative article,F.W.Went explored the impossibility of human life,as we know it,at ant dimensions.Since weight increases so much faster than surface area as an object gets larger,small animals have very high ratios of surface to volume:they live in a world dominated by surface forces that affect us scarcely at all.An ant-sized man might put on some clothing,but forces of surface adhesion would preclude its removal.The lower limit of drop size would make showering impossible;each drop would hit with the force of a large boulder.If our little man managed to get wet and tried to dry off with a towel,he would be stuck to it for life.He could pour no liquid,light no fire(since a stable flame must be several millimeters in length).He might hammer gold leaf thin enough to construct a book for his size;but surface adhesion would prevent the turning of pages.Our skills and behavior are finely attuned to our size.We could not be twice as tall as we are,for the kinetic energy of a fall would then be16to32times as great,and our sheer weight(increased eightfold)would be more than our legs could support.Human giants of eight to nine feet have either died young or been crippled early by failure of joints and bones.At half our size,we could not wield a club with sufficient force to hunt large animals(for kinetic energy would decrease16to32-fold);we could not impart sufficient momentum to spears and arrows;we could not cut or split woodwith primitive tools or mine minerals with picks and chisels.Since these were essential activities in our historical development,we must conclude that the path of our evolution could only have been followed by a creature very close to our size.I do not argue that we inhabit the best of all possible worlds,only that our size has limited our activities and,to a great extent,shaped our evolution.Answer the following questions by making the best choice.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET(5*1=5points).19.Which inference can you draw from the passage?A.People may gain a false understanding that small animals have roughly the same number of neurons as large animals, only smaller.B.The cells of small animals are proportionally smaller than those of large animals.C.In order to be more intelligent,human beings have to be still taller.D.The bigger the brain size,the more intelligent man is.20.The author tells about F.W.Went's article in order toA.clarify why man cannot live like an ant.B.explain why an ant cannot live like a human being.C.explore the possibility of human life at ant dimensions.D.elaborate why an ant-sized man is not able to live a human life.21.What does the word"preclude"in paragraph4mean?A.introduceB.preventC.includeD.precede22.According to the author,if a man of six feet weighs80kilograms,then a man twelve feet tall would weighA.90kilogramsB.640kilogramsC.720kilogramsD.1280kilograms23.Which of the following choices is NOT true?A.The cell size of small animals lacks variation.B.Variation of brain size is significant to intelligence between species.C.Small animals are overwhelmed by forces of surface adhesion like human beings.D.In order to survive human life,we need to be as tall as we are.•Paraphrase the following sentences which are highlighted in Passage IV on your answer sheet.(7points)24.The range of cell size among organisms is incomparably smaller than the range in body size.(3points)25.Small animals have very high ratios of surface to volume.(2points)。

首都师范大学教育学院《874综合物理》[专业硕士]历年考研真题汇编

目　录2015年首都师范大学874综合物理考研真题2014年首都师范大学874综合物理考研真题2013年首都师范大学874综合物理考研真题2012年首都师范大学874综合物理考研真题2011年首都师范大学874综合物理考研真题2008年首都师范大学803综合物理（力学和电磁学）考研真题2007年首都师范大学832综合物理（力学和电磁学）考研真题2006年首都师范大学465综合物理（力学和电磁学）考研真题2005年首都师范大学472综合物理考研真题2004年首都师范大学468综合考试（物理）考研真题2002年首都师范大学459综合考试（物理）考研真题2015年首都师范大学874综合物理考研真题首都师范大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷考试科目代码；874考试科目名称，综合物理满分150分请将答案注明题号写在答题纸上，试题纸上做答无效.一、（本题20分）牛顿第淀律町以说是牛顿第二定律的特例吗？靖阐述你的观点.二、（本题20分）试估算地球周围大气的总质量。

三、（本鼬20分）质血为用的滑块在粗糙水平地面上沿直线滑动.已知其初速度为标，它与地面间的动摩擦因数为#,所受空气阻力与速度平方成正比，即F=-bvv,求经过多长距离后滑块停止滑动，四、（本题3。

分）已知地球半径为6.4X10^,地球公转的速率等于29.8km/s f求第一宇宙速度巧、第二宇市速度（即脱离速度）为以及第三宇宙速度（即逃逸速度）当.考试科目代码：874第】页共2页请将答案注明题号写在答题纸上，试题纸上做答无效。

五、《本题2。

分)如图，悦度为r的廿导线湖在均匀磁场中以速度w移动，求直导线泌中的电动势。

六、《本题20分)在一个半径为R的金膜球之外，有一与金嘏球同心的均勾各向同性的电介质球充,其外半径为V，球壳外面为真空。

电介质的相对介电常量为后金属球所带电荷为劣试求其空间各部分的(1)电场强度的分布；(2)电势分布.七、(本题20分)如图所示，半径为R的均匀环形导线在b、c两点处分别与两根互相垂直的戴流导线相连接+已知环与两导线共面，若直导线中的电流强度为/，求：环心。

首都师范大学2003年硕士研究生入学考试试题

18 18 20 19 25 24 27 22 25 26 11
= 22.3
N 1 因为 2 = 6 所以中数为 252.3) (18 22.3) (20 22.3) (21 22.3) (19 22.3) (25 22.3) (24 22.3) (27 22.3) (22 22.3)
X1 X 2
T =
sd
2
=
1.11
其中 X 1 =60.6， X 2 =58.6，
n 1
sd
2
=32，n=10
T = 1.11〈 2.262 ，P〉0.05，所以被试在两次测验的平均数不显著。 3. 4 名教师各自评阅相同的 5 篇作文，表 2 为每位教师给每篇作文的等级，试计算肯德尔 W 系数。
教师对学生作文的评分评分者 2 3 3 5 2 4 1 3 4 1 5 2 4 3 5 1 4 2
心理测量部分（共 75 分）一、名词解释（每题 3 分，共 15 分） 1. 心理测验 2. 晶体智力 3. 投射测验 4. 克郎巴赫α系数 5. PASS 模型二、简答题（每题 10 分，共 40 分） 1. 简述真分数理论的基本假设 2. 简述智力测验的局限性 3. 简述影响信度系数的因素 4. 简述效度于信度的关系三、论述题（20 分）论述卡特尔对人格特质因素的理解。
的一个点估计值.点估计的常用方法有矩估
机区间为参数的置信区间（称为置信度，一般为 0.95 或 0.99）。置信区间是与一定的概率保证相对应的.区间估计，常见的有正态总体的均值和方差的区间估计等。 2. 在心理学研究中，以样本对总体判断的数理理论依据。答：当总体参数不清楚时，用一个特定值，一般就是样本统计量对总体参数进行估计。以样本对总体判断的数理理论依据是样本分布理论，即概率发生的机会。统计分析中一般认为，0.05 或 0.01 属于小概率事件，小概率事件在一次抽样中是不可能出现的。样本分布的规律：（1）样本统计量为正态分布或接近正态分布的两种情况，凡符合这两种情况的分布，都可以根据正态分布的概率进行统计推论。（2）总体分布非正态，但方差已知，这时当样本足够大时（n）30），其样本平均数的分布为渐进正态分布，接近正态分布的程度与样本 n 及总体偏斜程度有关。（3）依据随机取样原则，自正态分布的总体中抽取容量为 n 的样本，当 n 足够大时（n）30），样本方差及标准差的分布，渐趋正态分布。表1 10 名被试两次测验的成绩被试测验一测验二表2 作文 1 一二三四五 3 5 2 4 1 1 65 61 2 48 42 3 63 66 4 52 52 5 61 47 6 53 58 7 63 65 8 70 62 9 65 64 10 66 69

北京师范大学中外教育史2003答案

北京师范大学2003年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试试题专业：教育学原理科目代码：422研究方向：教育学原理所有方向考试科目：中外教育史一、概念、名词或命题解释（每小题5分，共30分）1．“性相近也，习相远也”2．科举制度3．生活教育理论（陶行知）4．《大教学论》5．“毛雷尔法案”6．要素主义教育二、简答题（每小题15分，共45分）1．如果理解赫尔巴特的“教育性教学”？2．朱子读书的基本内容有哪些？3．《学记》是怎样论述启发性教学原则的？三、论述分析题（每小题25分，共75分）1．评述二战后美国教育改革的进程及经验教训。

2．试评论蔡元培“思想自由，兼容并包”的大学理论。

3．试述欧洲新教育运动的发展历程。

参考答案北京师范大学2003年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：中外教育史一、概念、名词或命题解释（每小题5分，共30分）1．“性相近也，习相远也”：出自《论语》中的《阳货》，是孔子从教育与人的发展的关系上论证教育作用时提出的一个观点。

这句话的意思是指：人的本性是很接近的，后来之所以有较大的差别是教育和学习的结果；人的聪明才智不是先天的，主要靠后天习得；无论何人，只要肯努力求学，就一定能获得成功。

这句话表明孔子承认了在人的成长中教育起着决定作用。

长期以来，奴隶主贵族迷信天命，坚持先天决定论或血统论。

孔子能够肯定教育在人的成长中起决定作用，是顺应并且推动了人们思想解放的历史潮流，具有极大的进步性，尤其为教育的大发展提供了最强有力的思想理论依据。

但是孔子并未完全摆脱先天决定论的羁绊，仍然承认有少数生而知之的圣人和学而不能的下民，这说明他的思想中确实还为旧的传统观念保留着一块地盘，没有抛弃上智下愚的老调，这使他的思想陷于混乱和自相矛盾之中。

2．科举制度：中国古代的一项重要的选士制度，大概有一千三百余年的历史。

它是从汉代的“察举”制和魏晋南北朝时期的“九品中正制”发展过来的，以隋炀帝创设进士科作为其正式产生的标志，在唐宋时期得到完善强化，在明清时期发展到了极致即八股取士，在清末即1905年8月被清政府废止。

首都师范大学2003年考研马克思主义哲学和中国革命史试题

首都师范大学2003年考研马克思主义哲学和中国革命史试题
2008-11-2111:47
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一、简答
1.为什么说实践的观点是马克思主义哲学首要的和基本的观点？
2.怎么样理解历史是人的活动的总和？
3.简略说明哲学功能的主要表现。

4.辩证否定观和形而上学否定观的对立表现在哪里。

5.评价历史人物的原则是什么。

二、辨析
1.社会存在和社会意识的关系问题不是从物质与精神的关系问题中直接引申出来的。

2.真理一元伦否认人们对同一真理可以采用不同的表达方式。

3.人的价值评价是主体的观念活动，因此，人的价值评价没有客观依据可言。

三、论述
社会历史的规律性与人的自觉能动性的关系。

2003年教育基本原理(附参考答案)试题已全部筛选

首都师范大学2003年硕士研究生入学考试试题专业：比较教育学考试科目：教育基本原理研究方向：各方向请将答案注明题号写在答题纸上一、名词解释（每题6分，共30分）1.理性主义道德哲学2.元认知3.现代教学4.品德5.格塞尔爬梯实验二、简答题（每题15分，共60分）1.简述现代学校的产生和发展。

2.你怎样理解教学中现时生活与未来生活的关系。

3.你怎样理解教师和学生的关系。

4.列举您读过的重要教育论著并对其中之一做简要评述。

三、论述题（每题30分，任选2题，共60分）1.结合当今时代特点论述终身教育理论及其影响。

2.结合时代特点评析当今教学改革运动。

3.试论述现代教育的社会文化基础。

参考答案首都师范大学2003年硕士研究生入学考试试题专业：比较教育学考试科目：教育基本原理研究方向：各方向请将答案注明题号写在答题纸上一、名词解释（每题6分，共30分）1.理性主义道德哲学：指一种哲学理念。

在人性问题上持怎样的观点，往往会导致产生怎样的教育教学主张。

诸如人性自然论者，坚持教育依循自然的法则；人性本善说，强调教育爱护引导的原则；人性本恶说，主张教育趋利避害的原则等等。

而启发式教学思想的开创者们，关于人的本质的探讨是建立在对人的主体性本质观的认识基础之上的。

如古代孔子和苏格拉底对人性问题的看法，没有囿于从性善性恶论来研究人性问题，而是从人的主体性出发分析人的本质的。

与古典理性主义者苏格拉底、柏拉图思想一脉相承的是近代理性论者笛卡尔、康德、黑格尔等。

笛卡尔是近代第一个把上帝的意识本质还原为人的意识的哲学家。

在人的物质实体和心灵实体的关系上，笛卡尔更重视人的心灵实体，把思维、理性看成人的本质。

现代的马克思主义以社会实践为基础，统一了体现在人的主体性本质中的自然性、社会性、意识性的矛盾。

2.元认知：指近二十年来西方心理学和教育学领域提出的一个新概念，包括认知主体对自己心理状态、能力、任务、目标、认知策略等方面的知识，以及认知主体对自身各种认知活动的计划、监控和调节。

首都师范大学2003年高等数学

首都师范大学2003年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷专业:基础数学、应用数学考试科目:高等数学研究方向:各方向一.(10分)设,a b 为非零常数,求lim ().a bnn n n e e →∞-二.(10分)设222cos ,xy xtdt =⎰求''.y三.(10分)计算曲线积分22()(sin ),Lx y dx x y dy --+⎰,其中L是圆周y =上由点(0,0)到点(1,1)的一段弧.四.(15分)已知级数11()n n n a a ∞-=-∑收敛,1n n b ∞=∑是收敛的正项级数,证明:级数1n n n a b ∞=∑绝对收敛.五.(15分)设函数()f x 在闭区间[,]a b 上连续,且()()0,b baaf x dx xf x dx ==⎰⎰证明:函数()f x 在(,)a b 内至少有两个零点.六.(15分)一开口容器的侧面和底面分别由曲线弧段21(12)y x x =-≤≤和直线段0(01)y y =≤≤绕y 轴旋转而成,坐标轴长度单位为米,现以23米/分的速度向容器内注水,试求:当水面高度达到容器深度一半时,水面上升的速度.七.(15分)计算n 阶行列式111111.111n aa D a++=+八.(15分)设方阵A 满足220,A A I --= 证明:A 及2A I +都可逆,并求1A -及1(2)A I -+. 九.(15分)设,A B 都是n 阶矩阵,且0,AB = 证明:≤秩(A)+秩(B)n.十.(15分)设400031013A ⎛⎫⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,求一个正交矩阵P ,使得1P AP -为对角矩阵. 十一.(15分)设12,W W 是向量空间V 的两个子空间.证明: 1.12W W ⋂是V 的子空间.2.若12,W W 是非平凡的,则,a V ∃∈使1a W ∉且2a W ∉.。

真题05年到08年

首都师范大学2005年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷专业：马克思主义理论与思想政治教育考试科目：马克思主义哲学一、简答题（每小题10分，共40分）1、简述马克思主义哲学的物质观及其意义。

2、简述辩证唯物论的过程论。

3、简述科学发展的社会条件。

4、简述现代思维方法的基本特点。

二、辨析题（每小题10分，共40分）1、部分质变总体上讲属于量变阶段。

2、在真理问题上坚持辩证法就必须坚持认为实践是检验真理的唯一标准。

3、历史人物可以加速历史发展的过程。

4、绝对运动与相对静止是互相包含的关系。

三、简述题（每小题15分，共30分）1、结合现代西方哲学的发展，说明马克思主义哲学与现代西方哲学的差异。

2、如何理解认识的基本属性。

四、论述题（每小题20分，共40分）1、如何理解认识辩证运动的全过程。

2、试述马克思主义关于人的价值的理论，并说明其意义。

首都师范大学2005年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷专业：马克思主义理论与思想政治教育考试科目：思想政治教育学原理研究方向：思想政治教育理论与方法、中外思想政治教育一、简答题（每小题8分，共40分）1、内化与外化2、思想品德结构3、理想教育4、思想政治教育者的素质结构5、实地调查评估法二、简述题（每小题10分，共50分）1、简述政治工作与思想工作的关系。

2、评析中国古代思想道德教育的得失。

3、联系现实，阐述思想政治教育环境优化的途径。

4、评析思想政治教育的“无用论”和“万能论”5、结合我国的实际，阐述如何发挥思想政治教育的导向功能。

三、论述题（每题30分，共60分）1、列举并论述思想政治教育学的直接理论依据（详细阐述至少3个）。

2、在思想政治教育中，如何正确处理价值一元与多元的关系。

首都师范大学2006年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷专业：马克思主义理论与思想政治教育考试科目：马克思主义哲学一、简答题：（每小题10分，共40分）1、简述哲学的社会功能。

2、简述整体与部分的关系。

首都师范大学硕士研究生入学考试试题

首都师范大学硕士研究生入学考试试题专业：教育学原理、课程与教学论考试科目：教育学研究方向：各方向请将答案注明题号写在答题纸上一、名词解释（每题6分，共36分）1.现代教育的生产性2.教育先行3.教育价值4.双轨学制5.活动教学模式6.全球教育二、简要分析下列问题（每题18分，共54分）1.现代教育如何适应新科技革命的挑战？2.20世纪下半叶世界教学改革运动有哪些重要流派？3.马斯洛人本主义教育思想有哪些主要观点？三、论述题（每题30分，共60分）1.评析教育目的的个人本位和社会本位论的得失。

2.以终身教育观点分析“学校教育在人的发展中起主要作用”。

这就是现代教育和现代大生产及生产劳动联系的实质，这也是现代学校和古代学校的本质区别。

现代大生产是建立在现代科学技术的基础上的。

而这些东西是不可能在生产劳动的过程中获得的，必须在参加生产前的学校教育的过程中去获得。

因此，资本主义社会和社会主义社会的现代大生产的未来参加者，不管是哪个阶级和阶层的子女，都必须接受现代学校教育。

2.教育先行：指现代社会对教育发展的客观要求。

生产力的发展推动和制约着教育的发展，而教育对生产力的发展也起着巨大的促进作用。

这主要表现在以下几个方面。

在职攻读教育硕士专业学位全国联考教育学真题2003年

在职攻读教育硕士专业学位全国联考教育学真题2003年(总分：100.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、选择题(每题1分，共10分)(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.清政府下令废科举、兴学堂是在 ( )（分数：1.00）A.1911年B.1905年√C.1898年D.1902年解析：2.中国古代提出“有教无类”的思想家是 ( )（分数：1.00）A.孔子√B.孟子C.苟子D.董仲舒解析：3.决定公民受教育权利的根本因素是 ( )（分数：1.00）A.科学技术状况B.社会生产力水平C.政治经济制度√D.文化价值观念解析：4.19世纪末20世纪初，中国学者了解和引进西方教育学主要通过的国家是 ( )（分数：1.00）A.美国B.德国C.法国D.日本√解析：5.提出“人是唯一需要教育的动物”的思想家是 ( )（分数：1.00）A.赫尔巴特B.夸美纽斯C.康德√D.卢梭解析：6.根据《基础教育课程改革与发展纲要(试行)》，教材编写、教学、评估和考试命题的依据是 ( ) （分数：1.00）A.教学大纲B.课程标准√C.课程计划D.教学参考书解析：7.发现教学、探究教学和问题教学都属于（）（分数：1.00）A.以掌握知识为主的方法B.以训练技能为主的方法C.以陶冶情操为主的方法D.以引导探究为主的方法√解析：8.以重视学生自学和独立作业为显著特点的教学组织形式是 ( )（分数：1.00）A.道尔顿制√B.班级授课制C.贝尔一兰卡斯特制D.分组教学解析：9.《中华人民共和国义务教育法》规定：国家、社会、学校和家庭依法保障儿童、少年 ( )（分数：1.00）A.接受义务教育的权利√B.接受九年义务教育的权利C.接受六年义务教育的权利D.接受五年义务教育的权利解析：10.间接的道德教育就是 ( )（分数：1.00）A.在各科教学中渗透道德影响B.在学校集体生活中渗透道德影响C.学校道德环境潜移默化的影响D.以上三者√解析：二、填空题(每题1分．共5分)(总题数：5，分数：5.00)11.个体身心发展具有不平衡性、顺序性、阶段性、 1和互补性。

首都师范大学研究生入学考试试题

首都师范大学2001年硕士研究生入学考试试题> 专业:中国古代文学文艺学考试科目:中国文学史> 研究方向:各方向> 一、指出下列著作（作品）的作者（编者）姓名，并注明朝代（每题1分，姓名与朝代各0.5分，共20分）> 1、《楚辞章句》 2、《乐府诗集》 3、《文选》4、《六一诗话》>5、《乐章集》6、《西昆酬唱集》7、《剑南诗稿》 > 8、《论语章句集注》 9、《冤报冤赵氏孤儿》10、《录鬼簿》> 11、《元曲选》 12、《唐诗别裁》13、《杜诗详注》 14、《天雨花》> 15、、《人间词话》16、《书目问答》 17、《古文辞炎纂》 18、《古小说勾沉》> 19、《四库全书总目提要》 20、《中国章回小说考证》> 二、解释或说明（每题5分，共40分）> 1、毛诗郑笺 2、春秋三传 3、三张二陆两潘一左> 4、乐府 5、瓦子、勾阑 6、董西厢7、荆刘拜杀 8、脂评> 三、就你目前的知识和理解简述中国古代诗歌（或散文、戏曲、小说）的发展历程（10分）> 四、考生按报考的研究方向及专业分别完成下列试题> ●先秦两汉文学> 1、请举例论述《左传》叙事的特点。

（15分）> 2、翻译下段诗句，分析其主要内容，并以此为切入点，试谈你对屈原人生悲剧的认识。

（15分）人生悲剧的认识。

（15分）长太息以掩涕兮，哀民生之多艰。

余虽好？？以？？兮，謇朝谇而夕替。

既替余以蕙？兮，又申之以揽？。

亦余心之所善兮，虽九死其犹未悔。

怨灵？之浩荡兮，?规矩而改错。

背绳墨以追曲兮，竞周容以为度。

？郁邑余？傺兮，吾独穷困乎此时也！宁溘死以流亡兮，余不？为此态也。

势鸟之不群兮，自前世而固然。

何方圜之能周兮，夫孰异道而相安！屈心而抑志兮，？尤而攘诟。

伏清白以死直兮，固前圣之所厚。

> ●魏晋南北朝隋唐五代文学> 1、我惭古代文人诗创作的第一次高潮出现于哪一个历史时期？举例说明这一时期诗歌创作的主要特点（15分）> 2、严羽的《沧浪诗话?诗坪》说:“子美不能为太白之飘逸，太自不能为子美之沉郁。

2003年首都师范大学外国语学院211俄语二外考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2003年首都师范大学外国语学院211俄语二外考研真题及详解1. Прочитайте следующие микротексты и подчеркните ответ,соответ-ствующий содержанию прочитанного. (30 б.)Микротекст 1—Сейчас мы на улице Горького. Слева памятник основателю города Юрию Долгорукому.—В 1947 году Москва праздновала своё 800-летие.—И тогда решили поставить этот памятник?—Да, тогда и было решено поставить этот памятник.—Трудно поверить,что когда-то на месте Москвы была небольшая деревня.—А это именно так. В XIV веке. Москва стала столицей небольшого района, а вXV веке—государства. Именно в это время началось строительство каменныхстен вокруг Кремля.1) Всегда ли Москва была столицей России?а. Нет, раньше она была столицей другого государства.б. Нет, раньше онабыла городом с другим названием.в. Нет, раньше это была деревня.【答案】в【解析】问题是：莫斯科一直是俄罗斯的首都吗？由原文可知，莫斯科原来是一个小村庄，故答案为в。

首都师范大学2013年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷

七艺考研 /个性定制，专业保障，一次通过，就在七艺艺术考研！七艺考研简介:七艺考研是专业从事艺术生文化课和专业课的辅导机构，为贴近艺术学生的实
际需求，教学内容更基础，教学管理更灵活，“讲”“练”“考”“评”四位一体，为艺术学生制定高效的辅导方案。

课程种类：艺术生集训营，文化课保过班，文化课周末小班面授，专业课暑假小班面授
特色课程：艺术生文化课保过班经过5年的实践积累，开发出一套专门针对艺术生的辅导方案，抓基础，保底分，国家线通过率99.8%
首都师范大学2013年
攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
考试科目代码：879
考试科目名称：中外音乐教育史
请将答案注明题号写在答题纸上，试题纸上作答无效。

论述题：
一、外国音乐教育史论述题（本题75分）
论述西方民族主义乐派与新民族主义乐派的基本特征，并对其进行比较分析。

二、中国音乐教育史论述题（本题75分）
试论中国师范音乐教育的兴起与发展情况，并对目前音乐教师教育提出自己的观点。

1。