政策术语英文翻译
中国政策及其英文词汇
中国政策及其英文词汇中国政策是指中国政府在经济、社会、外交等方面制定和实施的一系列方针和措施。
下面是一些与中国政策相关的英文词汇：1. Economic Policies（经济政策）。
Fiscal policy（财政政策）。
Monetary policy（货币政策）。
Industrial policy（产业政策）。
Investment policy（投资政策）。
Trade policy（贸易政策）。
Tax policy（税收政策）。
Employment policy（就业政策）。
Poverty alleviation policy（扶贫政策）。
2. Social Policies（社会政策）。
Education policy（教育政策）。
Healthcare policy（医疗保健政策）。
Pension policy（养老保险政策）。
Housing policy（住房政策）。
Social welfare policy（社会福利政策）。
Family planning policy（计划生育政策）。
3. Foreign Policies（外交政策）。
Diplomatic policy（外交政策）。
Foreign aid policy（对外援助政策）。
Trade policy（贸易政策）。
Security policy（安全政策）。
Climate change policy（气候变化政策）。
4. Regional Policies（地区政策）。
One Belt One Road Initiative（一带一路倡议）。
Greater Bay Area development（大湾区发展）。
Western Development Strategy（西部大开发战略）。
Northeast Revitalization Plan（东北振兴计划）。
5. Environmental Policies（环境政策）。
国家政策术语英文翻译
国家政策术语“四个全面”战略布局[释义]全面建成小康社会、全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党。
[英文]Four-Pronged Comprehensive StrategyThe Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy is to make comprehensive moves to:1) finish building a moderately prosperous society;2) deepen reform;3) advance the law-based governance of China; and4) strengthen Party self-discipline.“两个一百年”奋斗目标[释义]在中国共产党成立一百年时全面建成小康社会，在新中国成立一百年时建成富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家。
[英文]Two Centenary GoalsThe Two Centenary Goals are: to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the time the Communist Party of China celebrates its centenary in 2021; and to turn China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious by the time the People’s Republic of China celebrates its centenary in 2049.双目标[例]保持中高速增长和迈向中高端水平双目标。
[英文]dual objectivesWe must focus on achieving the dual objectives of maintaining a medium-high rate of growth and moving toward a medium-high level of development.双引擎[例]打造大众创业、万众创新和增加公共产品、公共服务双引擎。
中英对译政治经济术语
Deepening reform and opening up 深化改革扩大开放The theory of building socialism with Chinese 建设有中国特色的社会The theory on the initial stage of socialism 社会主义初级阶段的理论Adhere to the four cardinal principles 坚持四项基本原则Adhere to reforms and opening to the outside world 坚持改革开放Seizing the opportunity, deepening the reform, opening 抓住机遇，深化改革，wider to the rest of the world, promoting development, 扩大开放，促进发展，Whether it would be beneficial to developing socialist 是否有利于发展社会主义生产力Whether it would be beneficial to enhancing the overall 是否有利于增强综合国力Whether it would be beneficial to raising people’s living 是否有利于提高人民生活水平Taking the socialist public ownership as the mainstay 以社会主义公有制为主体Common development of multi-economic sectors 多种经济成分共同发展Establishment of socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济的建立Relationships among reform, development and stability 改革发展和稳定的关系Deepening of reform and promotion of development 深化改革与促进发展Economic growth and social progress 经济增长与社会进步Strengthen the position of agriculture 加强农业的基础地位Science and technology are the primary productive forces 科学技术是第一生产力Strengthen the socialist legal system 加强社会主义法制A series of policies and measures 一系列政策措施Reform of state-owned enterprises 国有企业改革Strengthen the management of state-owned property 加强国有资产管理Reform ofmanagement of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改革Reform of property rights system 产权制度改革Reform of commodity circulation 商品流通体制改革Reform of social security system 社会保险制度改革Transferring the function of government 转换政府职能Introduce foreign capital, advanced technology and 引进外国的资金，先进技术和Economic and technical development zone 经济技术开发区Special economic zones in coastal areas 沿海经济特区Contract responsibility system with remuneration linked 家庭联产承包责任制Narrowing the gap between the rich and poor 缩小贫富差距Coexistence of various economic composition 多种经济成分共存Sustained, rapid and sound economic development 持续，快速和健康的经济发展Comprehensive development of economy 经济综合发展Strategy for economic development 经济发展战略Transform the extensive economic 粗放型经济转变为International economic integration 国际经济一体化New international economic order 国际新经济秩序Multi-polarization of world economy 世界经济多极化Macro control and micro invigoration 宏观控制与微观搞活Control of overall volume and economic restructuring 总量控制与经济结构调整Tight control on investment in fixed assets 紧缩固定资产投资控制Tight financial and monetary policy 从紧的金融货币政策Moderately tight monetary policy 适度从紧的货币政策Loosening tight monetary policy 放松紧缩的货币政策Adequate amount of the money supply 适度货币供应量Excessive amount of currency issue 过度货币发行量Balance between supply and demand 供需平衡MANAGEMENT OF STATE-OWNED PROPERTY 国有资产管理Establish a system for the management, supervision 建立国有资产管理，监督和营运体系Reform ofmanagement of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改革Clearly defining property rights, specifying rights and 产权清晰，责权明确，政企分开，responsibilities, separating ownership from daily 管理科学Regulation on the supervision and management 国有企业监督管理条例Laws and regulations on the administration of 国有资产管理法律法规Operate independently, assume sole responsibility 自主经营，自负盈亏，自我发展，for its profits and losses, seek self-development 自我约束Uphold the principle of separating the functions of 坚持政企分开的原则，转变政府Preserve and increase value and prevent losses 保值增值防止流失Prevent the drain of State-owned property 防止国有资产流失Reform of property rights system 产权制度改革Clarification of property rights 明晰产权Registration of property rights 产权登记Annual checks of the registration of property rights 产权登记年检Property rights transfer agency 产权交易机构Reform of State-Owned Enterprises 国有企业改革Step up efforts to reform State-owned enterprises 加大国有企业改革力度Readjust and reorganize State-owned enterprises to 调整改组国有企业促进资产重组promote re-arrangement of assets and raise the 提高国有经济的总体素质Concentrate on rejuvenating State-owned large 集中力量抓好国有大型企业和enterprises and enterprises groups 企业集团Develop trans-regional and inter-trade enterprise 发展跨地区跨行业的企业集团Reform, reorganization and upgrading 改革，改组和改造Re-organization, association, merger, joint 改组，联合，兼并，股份合作制partnership, leasing, contract operation 租赁，承包经营和出售Manage well large enterprises and adopt a flexible 抓好大的，放活小的Give small State-owned enterprises greater freedom 放活国有小企业Standardize bankruptcy procedures, encourage 规范破产程序，鼓励企业兼并，merging of enterprises and promote re-employment 促进再就业Allow money-losing enterprise to merger 允许亏损企业兼并或破产Dispersion of redundant employees 分流富余人员Conscientiously strengthen the operation and 切实加强企业经营管理Strengthen financial management of enterprises 强化企业财务管理Tighten control over extrabudgetary funds 加强预算外资金管理Increase capital and reduce debts through various 多渠道增资减债Strive to help enterprises eliminate losses and 抓好企业扭亏增盈Develop various modes of operation and marketing 发展多种营销方式Alleviate enterprises’ social burdens 减轻企业的社会负担By tapping the potential and upgrading the 通过挖潜改造Mechanism for selecting the superior and eliminating 优胜劣汰机制Enjoy more decision-making power 享有更多的决策权Allow employees to hold some shares 允许职工持股Give more productive enterprises the power to engage 给更多的生产企业自营出口权Protect the interests of the working class 保护工人阶级利益Reform of state-owned enterprises 国有企业改革Deepening of the reform of State-owned enterprises 深化国有企业改革Reorganization of state-owned enterprises 国有企业重组Adjustment of industrial structure 行业结构调整turned into corporate enterprises 大中型企业可转变为股份公司Smaller enterprises can become shareholding co-operatives 小企业可转变为股份合作制Readjust the asset-liability ratio of state-owned enterprises 调整国有企业资产负债比State-owned independent accounting industrial enterprises 国有独立核算企业Enlarge the right of self-management 扩大自主权Promote rational flow of property right 促进产权合理流动Reduce staff to improve efficiency 减员增效Legal person responsibility system 法人责任制Responsibility for one’s own profit and loss 自负盈亏Enterprise contract management responsibility system 企业承包责任制Unreasonable economic structure 不合理的经济结构Repeated introduction of foreign equipment and technology 外国设备和技术的重复引进Regional and departmental protectionism 地区和部门保持主义Preferential policy for bankruptcy and merger 对破产和兼并企业的优惠政策Standardize bankruptcy procedure 规范破产程序Construction of a multi-layer social security system 建立多层次的社会保障制度Re-employment of redundant workers 富余职工再就业Enterprise solely funded by the State 国有独资企业。
当前常用政经术语英文翻译
2
当前常用政经术语的英文翻译
中国的领土和主权完整 China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity
一国两制 One China, Two Systems
促进两岸和平 to promote cross-Straits peace
人民武装警察部队 the People’s Armed Force
“三通”（通邮、通商、通航） direct links of mail, transport and trade
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当前常用政经术语的翻译
以人为本的社会 people-first society
二手房 resold apartment
中低收入家庭 low- and middle-income families
房地产 real estate
防止房价过热 to prevent overheating in housing prices
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当前常用政经术语的翻译
“米袋子”工程
"rice bag" (grain supply) program
from overheating
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当前常用政经术语的翻译
按揭购房 to buy a house on mortgage; to mortgage a house
城镇居民人均可支配收入 urban per capita disposable income
春运 (passenger ) transport during the Spring Festival
“菜篮子”工程
"vegetable basket" (non-staple food supply) program
宏观调控英语术语
宏观调控英语术语
宏观调控英语术语是指应用于宏观经济领域的一些专业术语，主要用于描述国家或政府在宏观经济领域进行的调控活动。
以下是一些常见的宏观调控英语术语：
1. Fiscal Policy：财政政策
2. Monetary Policy：货币政策
3. Interest Rate：利率
4. Inflation：通货膨胀
5. Deflation：通货紧缩
6. Recession：经济衰退
7. Stabilization Policy：稳定政策
8. Aggregate Demand：总需求
9. Aggregate Supply：总供给
10. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)：国内生产总值
11. Unemployment Rate：失业率
12. Exchange Rate：汇率
13. Balance of Payments：国际收支
14. Structural Adjustment：结构调整
15. Public Debt：公共债务
16. Money Supply：货币供应量
这些术语在宏观经济领域中被广泛使用，有助于描述和分析国家或政府在经济调控方面所采取的政策和措施。
了解这些术语可以帮助
我们更好地理解经济现象和政策。
名词解释英语macroeconomic policy -回复
名词解释英语macroeconomic policy -回复“Macroconomic policy”（宏观经济政策）是指一国政府或经济体为了实现经济稳定增长、充分就业、物价稳定和国际收支平衡等宏观经济目标而采取的一系列总体性、综合性的经济政策。
这类政策主要包括财政政策（Fiscal Policy）、货币政策（Monetary Policy）以及其他相关产业政策、收入分配政策等。
1. 财政政策：主要通过政府调整税收、公共支出以及国债发行等方式，影响总需求水平，从而达到调控经济的目的。
2. 货币政策：主要由中央银行执行，通过调整货币供应量、利率水平等手段，影响市场上的资金供求关系，进而对投资、消费和整体经济活动产生影响。
3. 其他政策：包括汇率政策、贸易政策、产业政策等，这些政策也会从不同角度和层面对宏观经济运行进行调节。
宏观经济学政策的制定与执行，旨在优化资源配置，促进经济健康发展，提高民众生活水平和社会福利。
经济金融术语英汉对照
经济金融术语英汉对照经济金融领域常常涉及大量的专业术语，对于学习和理解这些术语，将英文与中文对照是非常重要的。
下面是一些经济金融术语的英汉对照列表，希望对您有所帮助。
1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 国内生产总值GDP是一个国家或地区在特定时间内所生产的所有最终商品和服务的市场价值的总和。
2. Inflation 通货膨胀通货膨胀是指货币供应量增加导致物价水平上升的现象。
3. Deflation 通货紧缩通货紧缩是指货币供应量减少导致物价水平下降的现象。
4. Interest Rate 利率利率是指借贷资金所产生的利息与本金之间的比率。
5. Exchange Rate 汇率汇率是指一种货币与另一种货币之间的兑换比率。
6. Stock Market 股票市场股票市场是指买卖股票的场所，也是企业融资的重要途径。
7. Bond 债券债券是一种证券，表示借款人向债权人承诺在一定期限内支付利息和本金。
8. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) 外商直接投资外商直接投资是指一个国家的企业在另一个国家的企业中进行的长期投资。
9. Taxation 税收税收是政府从个人和企业获得财政收入的一种方式。
10. Budget Deficit 预算赤字预算赤字是指政府支出超过收入的情况，需要通过借贷或印钞等方式来弥补。
11. Trade Surplus/Trade Deficit 贸易顺差/贸易逆差贸易顺差指一个国家的出口额大于进口额，贸易逆差则相反。
12. Monetary Policy 货币政策货币政策是由中央银行制定和执行的调控货币供应量和利率水平的政策。
13. Fiscal Policy 财政政策财政政策是由政府制定和执行的调控财政支出和税收的政策。
14. Central Bank 央行央行是一个国家的货币发行和货币政策的实施机构。
15. Market Economy 市场经济市场经济是一种以市场配置资源和决定价格的经济体制。
专八常用政治术语的英文翻译
专八常用政治术语的英文翻译马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin “Three Represent’s”important Thought新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution 来源：考试大民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure社会主义制度socialist system社会变革social transformation建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinesecharacteristics中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism 来源：考试大改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the CommunistParty of China马克思主义政党Marxist political Party 来源：考试大党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second/third)generation人民民主专政the people’s democratic dictatorship国民经济体系national economic system综合国力aggregate national strength国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP)独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality“三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，是我们党始终站在时代前列，保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。
常见政治术语翻译
改革开放：reform and opening up 国务院：state council 政府工作报告：report on the work of government 全国政协：CPPCC（Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference) 全国人大：NPC (National People’s Congress) 中国特色社会主义：socialism with Chinese characteristics 宏观调控： macro-control 科学发展观： scientific outlook on development
全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、 社会建设以及生态文明建设，加快全面建设小康社 会进程，努力实现经济社会又好又快发展。
We need to make headway with our efforts to encourage socialist economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological development; pick up the pace of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects; and work hard to achieve sound, rapid economic and social development.
处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结 构和管理好通胀预期的关系。
We need to skillfully handle the relationship between maintaining steady and rapid economic development, restructuring the economy and managing inflation expectations.
常用政治术语翻译
1．坚持科学发展、和谐发展、和平发展Pursue development according to scientific principles, maintain harmony during development and ensure peaceful development 2．全面落实科学发展观Fully apply (原为implement) the Scientific Outlook on Development3．推动经济社会发展切实转入科学发展轨道To truly put economic and social development on a scientific track4．科学发展Develop in a scientific manner5．走科学发展道路Follow a scientific path of development 6．科学民主决策Make decisions scientifically and democratically7．中央The national leadership/the central Party and government authorities(原为：the central authorities)8．今年提出GDP增长8％左右的指标The target set for GDP growth this year is around 8%.9．文化体育事业进一步繁荣Continued progress was made in cultural and sports programs.10．关心支持残疾人事业的发展We will continue to show concern for and support the development of programs for physically and mentally challenged persons. 11．我们要发展老龄事业We will develop old age programs.12．经济运行中的关键问题Major problems in economic performance 13．解决了三千万农村人口安全用水问题We made safe drinking water available to thirty million rural residents. (原为resolved the problem of safe drinking water to …) 14．制定措施解决农民工问题Formulate policies to address difficulties rural migrant workers face in cities (原为to solve the problem of rural migrant workers in cities)15．要抓紧解决下岗职工就业问题We need to work quickly to resolve the issue of providing reemployment for laid-off workers.16．国有企业历史遗留问题The long-standing problems of SOEs17．解决群众关心的看病难问题Solve the difficulty (原为problem) of obtaining medical service, an issue of public concern18．解决人民群众最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题Solve the most practical problems that are of most concern to the people and most directly affect their interests19．我们必须以对国家和人民高度负责任的精神采取有力措施解决这些问题We must maintain a strong sense of responsibility to the country and people and take forceful measures (原为forceful steps) to resolve these problems.20．必须把解决”三农”问题作为全部工作的重中之中We must put resolution of issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and farmers at the very top of our work agenda.21．着力解决民生问题Every effort was made to improve the people’s well-being.22．解决拖欠工程款和农民工资问题Resolve the problem of default on construction costs payment and unpaid wages for rural migrant workers.23. 政府自身建设存在一些问题Government efforts to enhance performance still have room for improvement.24. 存在这些问题根本在于制度不健全,监管不到位The root cause of the problems lies in institutional deficiencies and poor oversight.25. 基层民主政治建设加强Continued progress was made in democracy at the village and community level.26. 领导干部要深入基层了解群众疾苦Leading officials should visit communities (不用grassroots) to better understand (原为find about) the problems troubling the people.27. 加强基层民主Expand democracy at village and community level28. 经济结构矛盾突出There are still serious structural problems in the economy.29. 银行资金流动性过剩问题突出The problem of excessive liquidity(原为：liquidity in banks) is serious.30. 国际收支不平衡矛盾比较突出Imbalance in international payments is fairly serious.31. 着力解决外贸顺差过大的矛盾Take measures to reduce the excessively large trade surplus (原为to mitigate the problem of excessively large trade surplus)32. 从各方面采取措施缓解国际收支不平衡的矛盾Adopt various measures (原为in various areas)to ease imbalance in international payments 33. 引发投资增长过快的因素仍然存在The factors causing overheated investment remain.34. 法定支出Legally mandated expenditure35. 政策性企业破产Policy mandated bankruptcy of enterprises 36. 不少支出增长是刚性的Many increases in expenditure are fixed/mandatory.37. 积极稳妥推进企业政策性破产工作Actively yet prudently proceed with work related to policy mandated bankruptcy of enterprises38. 外贸顺差较大The foreign trade surplus has become large (原为too large, quite large).39. 中央财政2003-2006年超收较多The central government revenue exceeded targets by a fair amount for the years 2003 through 2006.40. 当前财政形势较好The current state of public finance is fairly good.41. 重点领域和关键环节改革取得新进展Further progress was made in reform in key areas and crucial links.42. 加强财政税收对经济运行的调节We improved the role of fiscal and tax measures in regulating economic activity. 43. 严肃查处土地使用违法行为Took stern actions against (原为severely dealt with) violations of laws and regulations concerning land use44. 固定资产投资增幅回落The growth rate in fixed assets investment dropped (原为declined).45. 避免经济增长由偏快转为过热We worked hard to prevent rapid economic growth from becoming overheated growth. 46. 这些措施进一步调动了农民种粮的积极性These steps gave farmers more incentive toproduce grain.47. 加快经济结构调整Accelerate adjustment of the economic structure/system (原为accelerate economic restructuring)48. 对产能过剩行业进行重组To carry out restructuring of industries with surplus production capacity49. 淘汰煤炭行业落后产能Close down backward production facilities in the coal industry (原为eliminate backward production capacity in the coal industry)50. 关系国民经济全局的重大工程Key projects vital to China’s economy were completed. (原为key projects bearing on the national economy were completed)51. 为增强经济增长后劲发挥重要作用Play an important role in sustaining China’s economic development52. 整顿小煤矿取得了阶段性成果Major progress was made in the current stage of our efforts to restore order in the smallcoalmines.53. 振兴东北工作顺利开展The work of rejuvenating Northeast China is proceeding smoothly.54. 国有经济布局调整取得新的进展Progress was made in adjusting the distribution of the state sector of the economy.55. 上市公司股权分制改革基本完成Reform of introducing shareholder structure in listed companies was basically completed. 56. 规范收入分配秩序Standardize pattern of income distribution 57. 整顿和规范市场秩序Improve market order (原为improve and standardize market order)58. 改革深化为经济社会发展注入了新的动力The deepening of reform added fresh vitality and gave new impetus to economic and social development.59. 我们优先发展教育We put education high on the developmentagenda.60. 高等学校在校总人数达到两千三百万. The total college attendance reached 23 million.61. 这标志高等教育发展达到了一个新水平. This marks a new level in the development of higher education in China.62. 历史罕见的严重自然灾害Natural disasters of a severity seldom seen in history63. 政务、厂务、村务公开不断扩大Government, factory and village affairs were made more transparent.64. 颁布了29个行政法规Promulgated 29 sets of administrative regulations65. 实施治理商业贿赂专项行动A campaign to combat business bribery was launched.66. 依法打击经济犯罪People guilty of economic crimes were penalized.67. 民族宗教工作进一步加强Work related to ethnic groups and religion was further improved.68. 实事求是Pursue a realistic and pragmatic approach (原为seek truth from facts)69. 解放思想Free our minds(原为：emancipate our minds) 70. 政府工作中还有一些缺点和不足There are some shortcomings and inadequacies in the work of the government.71. 一二三产业比例不合理There is a lack of proper balance among primary, secondary and tertiary industries. 72. 投资消费关系不协调Investment is not in keeping with consumer demand. (原为consumption demand)73. 经济增长模式粗放The pattern of economic growth is inefficient. (原为extensive)74. 政府职能转变滞后Moves to change the way the governmentfunctions are behind schedule/have not made expected progress.75. 政企不分现象仍然突出Non-separation of government administration and enterprise management remains a serious issue.76. 向人民交出满意的答卷To deliver a good report to the people77. 政府工作的基本思路是:The basic approach for the work of government is:78. 着力调整经济结构Speed up adjustment of economic structure/system (原为speed up economic restructuring)79. 努力实现国民经济又好又快发展Work hard for sound and fast development of China’s economy80. 电视覆盖从行政村向自然村延伸TV coverage extends from incorporated villages to unincorporated villages(原为：administrative villages and natural villages). 81. 认真贯彻行政许可法Implement in earnest the Administrative Permit Law82. 关心中国现代化建设To care about China’s modernization83. 城市最低生活保障制度System of basic (原为minimum) cost of living allowances for urban residents84. 最低工资制度The system of minimum wages85. 加快建设法治政府We accelerated development of government by the rule of law.86. 全面推进依法行政Advance all aspects of government administration in accordance with the law 87. 全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设Promote all aspects of socialist economic, political and cultural development88. 调整投资与消费的关系Adjust the balance between investment and consumption89. 稳定消费预期，扩大即期消费We should ensure (不用stabilize) consumer confidence and expand immediate consumption.90. 培养旅游、休闲、健身等消费热点Develop consumption growth areas such as tourism, recreation and exercise91. 坚持区别对待Take different approaches to different situations92. 实现现代化的宏伟目标Attain the ultimate goal (原为grand goal) we have set for modernization93. 目前我们正在采取一系列措施节能(原为at present, 后去掉) We are taking steps to save energy.94. 重工业增长过快Growth in heavy industry is overheated (原为excessive).95. 监管不到位/监管不力Poor oversight96. 以更高昂的精神状态恪尽职守We must carry out our duties with greater drive (原为with an even more enthusiastic attitude).97. 降低消耗Reduce consumption of energy and resources 98. 根据经济运行的新情况完善政策Improve policies in response to new developments in the operation of the economy 99. 把各项政策落到实处Truly put all policies into effect100. 重点是加强宏观调控The focus of this effort is to strengthen macroeconomic regulation101. 有保有压, 不搞一刀切We should encourage growth in some sectors and discourage it in others, treating each sector according to its specific situation.102. 妥善处理内需和外需的关系Properly balance domestic demand and international demand103. 统筹考虑国内外经济发展的相互联系和影响Take into consideration the interconnectedness and mutual influence of domestic and international economic development104. 我们未能完成去年年初确定的节能目标We fell short of the targets set at the beginning of last year to reduce energy consumption. 105. 国务院将每年如实向全国人大报告节能进展情况The State Council will report on the actual progress made in saving energy to the NPC annually.106. 把节能放在更突出的位置Attach greater importance to saving energy 107. 维护社会公正正义Safeguard social fairness and justice108. 使全体人民共享改革发展成果To ensure that all the people share the fruits of reform and development109. 以改革开放为动力推进各项工作Make reform and opening-up a driving force behind all work110. 坚持社会主义市场经济改革的方向We must continue in the direction of reform to deepen the socialist market economy (不是stick to the orientation of …).111. 抓好以下几个方面:We should concentrate on the following areas: 112. 解决出口退税历史欠帐Resolve long-standing arrears in export tax rebates113. 放宽市场准入Relax control over market entry114. 鼓励个体经营Encourage individually operated business 115. 非公有制经济Non-public economic sectors116. 市场主体产权日趋多元化The ownership of companies has become increasingly diversified.117. 两种企业所得税并存的历史条件发生的根本性变化Fundamental changes have taken place in the historical conditions justifying two corporate income tax rates.118. 统一企业所得税的时机和条件现已成熟Timing and conditions are now ripe for unifying corporate income tax rates.119. 这将使内外企业处于平等竞争地位。
常用政治术语的英文翻译
马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、江泽民"三个代表"重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought,Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin "Three Represent's" important Thought新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure社会主义制度socialist system社会变革social transformation建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China马克思主义政党Marxist political Party党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second\third)generation人民民主专政the people's democratic dictatorship国民经济体系national economic system综合国力aggregate national strength国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP)独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality.“三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，是我们党始终站在时代前列，保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。
政治术语 英文翻译
aide 助手，副官alderman 市长助理，市府参事，地方官assemblyman 众议员attorney 律师candidate 候选人columnist 专栏作家commentator 评论员congressman 国会议员councilor 委员delegate 代表governor 省长，州长incumbent 任职者mayor 市长pollster 民意测验专家president 总统representative 代表secretary of state 国务秘书selectman 行政委员senator 参议员sheriff 州长speaker 发言人vice-president 副总统voter 选民ambassador 大使envoy 特使courier 信使emissary 使者consul 领事statesman 政治家politician 政治家dictator 独裁者government 政府cabinet 内阁monocracy 独裁fascism 法西斯主义Diet 国会house 议院，国会parliament 议会congress 国会senate 参议院floor 议席ministry 部委，部council 理事会presidium 主席团committee 委员会bureau 局，处administration 行政，管理diplomatic 外交protocol 外交礼节democracy 民主right 权利titular 有权personality 人格privilege 特权prerogative 特权patent 专利proprietary 专利Nazi 纳粹oligarchy 寡头政治的regime 政权制度institution 制度system 系统socio-社会的society 社会commune 公社policy 政策politics 政治congressional Record 国会记录conservative 保守党Democrat 民主党election 选举hearing 听证会inauguration 就职典礼Independent 独立investigation 调查legislation 立法liberal 自由主义majority 多数authority 权威power 权力hegemony 霸权influence 权势despot 专制autocracy 独裁minority 少数Pentagon 五角大楼polling place 投票站primary 预选会Republican 共和党State House 州政府White House 白宫capitol 国会大厦international 国际kingdom 王国country 国家nation 民族,国家state 国家，州principality 公国republic 共和国Sino- 中国superpower 超级大国empire 帝国imperial 帝国的colony 殖民地-shire 郡capital 首都city 城市municipal 市政urban 城市metropolis 大城市town 城镇burg 城镇downtown 市中心uptown 非商业区environs 城郊suburb 郊区outskirt 郊区countryside 农村province 省prefecture 州,专区county 县rural 乡村rustic 乡村village 村庄executive 行政judicial 司法legislative 立法federal 联邦local 本地national 国家campaign 竞选debate 辩论elect 选举enact 制定filibuster 阻碍议案通过govern 治理lobby 游说议员pass 通过preside 主持propose 建议re-elect 重选veto 否决Vice Chairman 副主席General Secretary 总书记Central Military Committee 中央军事委员会Supreme People's Court 最高人民法院Ministry of Finance 财政部Ministry of Public Security 公安部Ministry of Supervision 监察部Ministry of Communications 交通部Ministry of Education 教育部Ministry of Personnel 人事部memorandum/aide-memoire 备忘录statement 声明n.名词mutual recognition 互相承认de jure recognition 法律承认de facto recognition 事实上承认identification card 身份证Ministry of Justice 司法部Propaganda Department 宣传部People's organization 人民团体Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部Consulate-general 总领事馆consulate 领事馆Liaison office 联络处Military attache's office 武官处certificate of appointment 委任证书exequatur 许可证书proceed to take up one's post 赴任express regret 表示遗憾object to 提出异议take up a matter with 向…交涉lodge a protest with 向…提出抗议verbal note 普通照会circular note 通知照会normalization 正常化present one's credentials 递交国书。
政治术语翻译
the Fifth Plenum of the 17th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 十七届五中全会Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee 中央政治局Boost domestic demand 扩大内需12th Five-Year Program for China's Economic and Social Development (2011-2015)/12th Five-Year Plan 经济和社会发展第12个五年规划economic growth mode 经济增长方式inclusive growth 包容性增长macroeconomic regulation 宏观经济调控comprehensive national power 综合国力international competitiveness 国际竞争力capability in shielding against risks 抵御风险能力Urbanization 推进城镇化rural modernization 农业现代化the construction of new socialist rural area 社会主义新农村建设maintain coordinated development in rural and urban regions 统筹城乡发展modern industrial system 现代产业体系strategic emerging industries战略新兴产业balanced development between regions 区域协调发展main functional regions 主体功能区poverty-stricken areas 贫困地区recycling economy 循环经济disaster prevention and reduction防灾减灾Cultural innovation深化文化体制改革innovative country 创新型国家scientific innovation ability 科技创新能力soft power 软实力cultural innovation文化创新public service system of culture 公共文化服务体系income distribution 收入分配public service system 公共服务体系primary distribution of national income 国民收入初次分配the social security system that covers urban and rural residents 覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系contradictions among the people 人民内部矛盾adjust income distribution 调整收入分配social harmony and stability 社会和谐稳定public service-oriented government 公共服务型政府Economic system reform 大力推进经济体制改革"people first" principle 以人为本promote social equality and justice 促进社会公平正义the pillar industries for the national economy 国民经济支柱性产业political restructuring 政治体制改革reforms of fiscal and taxation systems财税体制改革resource products pricing 资源性产品价格reform in social program system 社会事业体制改革improve the quality of foreign investment utilization 提高利用外资水平the "going global" strategy “走出去”战略global economic governance and regional cooperation 全球经济治理和区域合作resource-saving and environment-friendly society 资源节约型、环境友好型社会马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、江泽民"三个代表"重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought,Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin "Three Represent's" important Thought新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure社会主义制度socialist system社会变革social transformation建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics 中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China马克思主义政党Marxist political Party党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second\third)generation人民民主专政the people's democratic dictatorship国民经济体系national economic system综合国力aggregate national strength国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP)独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace 马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity,rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality.“三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，是我们党始终站在时代前列，保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。
(完整版)WTO术语中英对照
W T O 简明术语（中英文对照）Ad valorem tariff 从价税Anti-dumping duty反倾销税Appeal（争端解决）上诉ATC--Agreement on Textiles and Clothing《纺织品与服装协议》Bound level约束水平Compensation补偿Consensus协商一致Consultation磋商Countervailing duty反补贴税Customs valuation 海关估价DSB--Dispute Settlement Body争端解决机构Dumping倾销Export subsidy出口补贴GATS--General Agreement on Trade in Service《服务贸易总协定》GATT--General Agreement on Tariff and Trade《关税与贸易总协定》Government procurement政府采购Import licencing进口许可Import substitution进口替代Import surcharge 进口附加税Market access市场准入Market price support市场价格支持Material injury实质损害MFN--Most-favored-nation treatment最惠国待遇National treatment国民待遇Non-actionable subsidy（补贴协议）不可诉补贴NTMs--Non-tariff measures非关税措施Plurilateral agreement诸边协议Prohibited subsidy（补贴协议）被禁止的补贴Protocols议定书PSI--Preshipment inspection装运前检验Rules of origin原产地规则Safeguard Measures保障措施Schedule of concessions承诺减让表Specific tariff从量税SPS --Sanitary and phytosanitary measures动植物卫生检疫措施Subsidy补贴Tariff binding关税约束承诺Tariffication 关税化TBT--Technical barriers to trade技术性贸易壁垒TPRM--Trade Policy Review Mechanism贸易政策审议机制Transparency透明度TRIMs--Trade-related investment measures与贸易有关的投资设施TRIPS--Trade related intellectual property rights与贸易有关的知识产权TRQ--Tariff rate quotas/tariff quotas关税配额Waiver（WTO义务的）豁免WTO--World Trading Organization世界贸易组织Ad valorem Tariff 从价onTextiles and Clothing (ATC) 《纺织品与服装协议》Anti-dumping Duty 反倾销税Arbitration 仲裁Balance-of-payments（BOP）Provisions 国际收支条款Ceiling Bindings （关税）上限约束Conciliation 调解Compensation 补偿Consensus 协商一致Countervailing Duty 反补贴税Customs Valuation 海关估价de minimis 微量Export Subsidy 出口补贴GATT1994 《1994年关税与贸易总协定》General Agreement on Trade in Services（GATS）《服务贸易总协定》General Exceptions 一般例外Illustrative List 例示清单Import Licensing 进口许可Import Surcharge 进口附加税Infant Industry 幼稚产业Intellectual Property Rights（IPRs）知识产权Market Access 市场准入National Treatment 国民待遇Non-actionable Subsidy 不可诉补贴Non-tariffs Measures（NTMs）非关税措施。
经济政策术语
经济政策术语经济政策术语涵盖了广泛的概念，用于描述国家或地区在经济领域制定和实施的政策。
以下是一些常见的经济政策术语：1.货币政策（Monetary Policy）：中央银行通过调整货币供应、利率等手段来影响货币市场，以达到维持通货膨胀率、促进经济增长和维护就业的目标。
2.财政政策（Fiscal Policy）：政府通过调整税收、支出和债务等手段来影响国家的经济状况，以达到宏观经济稳定和增长的目标。
3.货币供应（Money Supply）：表示在一定时间内在经济体系中流通的货币总量，是货币政策制定的重要指标。
4.通货膨胀率（Inflation Rate）：衡量物价水平上涨的速度，通常以百分比表示，是货币政策中关注的重要因素。
5.失业率（Unemployment Rate）：描述劳动力市场中没有工作的人口比例，是衡量经济健康状况的一个指标，与财政政策和经济增长密切相关。
6.利率（Interest Rate）：货币政策中的一个关键变量，是中央银行调整货币政策的手段之一，对借贷和投资有着直接的影响。
7.国内生产总值（Gross Domestic Product, GDP）：衡量一个国家或地区经济总产值的指标，包括消费、投资、政府支出和净出口。
8.贸易政策（Trade Policy）：国家对外贸易的相关政策，包括关税、配额、汇率政策等，目的是促进国际贸易平衡。
9.产业政策（Industrial Policy）：政府对不同产业进行干预和支持的政策，以促进经济发展和结构调整。
10.全球化（Globalization）：国家和地区之间经济、社会和文化联系的加强，包括国际贸易、跨国投资、信息流通等。
这些经济政策术语反映了经济体系中各种因素的相互关系，也是制定和理解宏观经济政策的基础。
政府词语翻译
For four years in a row（连续四年）a year-on-year increase（比上年增加）reform and opening up policy（改革开放政策）social programs（社会事业）per capita（每人的，人均的）after adjusting for inflation（扣除价格因素）moderately prosperous society（小康社会）macroeconomic regulatory（宏观调控）new socialist countryside（社会主义新农村）pursuant to the law（依法）rural migrant workers in cities（农民工）surplus production capacity（生产力过剩）opened to traffic（通车）energy conservation（节能）state-owned enterprises（国有企业）civil servant（公务员）made breakthroughs（取得突破）compulsory education（义务教育）miscellaneous fees（杂费）boarding schools（寄宿制学校）distance education（远程教育）secondary vocational schools（中等职业学校）incorporated villages（行政村）unincorporated villages（自然村）After years of effort（经过多年努力）basic cost of living allowances（最低生活保障）autonomous regions（自治区）free our minds（解放思想）follow a realistic and pragmatic approach（实事求是）keep pace with the times（与时俱进）Chinese socialism（中国特色社会主义）social harmony（社会和谐）special administrative regions（特别行政区）prudent fiscal policy.（稳健的财政政策）boosting domestic demand（扩大内需）cutting-edge（前沿）displaced residents（（三峡）移民）non-publicly funded schools（民办学校）school year（学年）communicable diseases（传染病）social safety net（社会保障）discharged military personnel（退伍军人）pyramid schemes（传销）pilot project（试点）Income Tax（所得税）futures market（期货市场）high value-added（高附加值）high-end（高端）cutthroat competition（恶性竞争）combat corruption（反腐）hand over foot（大手大脚）plug up loopholes（堵塞漏洞）People's Armed Police（武警）starting point and objective（出发点和落脚点）socialist market economy（社会主义市场经济）Scientific Outlook on Development（科学发展观）harmonious socialist society（社会主义和谐社会）tailor measures to suit local conditions（因地制宜）（adjust measures to local conditi ons）South-to-North Water Diversion Project（南水北调）administrative examination and approval（行政审批）exercise activities for the general public（全民健身活动）large-scale development of the western region（西部大开发）processing industry for agricultural products（农产品加工业）municipalities directly under the central government（直辖市）primary, secondary and tertiary industry（第一第二第三产业）deliver a good report to the people.（向人民交出满意的答卷）socialist cultural and ethical progress（社会主义精神文明建设）give full play to the initiative of each.（充分发挥各自的积极性）registering the third consecutive annual increase（连续三年增加）physically and mentally challenged persons（残疾人，肢残和智残）resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society.（资源节约型和环境友好型社会）ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development.（让全体人民共享改革发展的成果）。
英语常用政治、经济术语 翻译
常用政治术语的英文翻译马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、江泽民"三个代表"重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin "Three Represent's" important Thought新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure社会主义制度socialist system社会变革social transformation建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China马克思主义政党Marxist political Party党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second\third)generation人民民主专政the people's democratic dictatorship国民经济体系national economic system综合国力aggregate national strength国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP)独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality.“三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，是我们党始终站在时代前列，保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。
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政策术语英文翻译
“四个全面”战略布局
[释义]全面建成小康社会、全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党。
[英文]Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy
The Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy is to make comprehensive moves to:
1) finish building a moderately prosperous society;
2) deepen reform;
3) advance the law-baxxxxsed governance of China;
4) strengthen Party self-discipline.
“两个一百年”奋斗目标
[释义]在中国共产党成立一百年时全面建成小康社会，在新中国成立一百年时建成富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家。
[英文]Two Centenary Goals
The Two Centenary Goals are: to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the time the Communist Party of China celebrates its centenary in 2021; and to turn China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous strong democratic culturally advanced and harmonious by the time the People’s Repub lic of China celebrates its centenary in 2049.
双目标
[例]保持中高速增长和迈向中高端水平双目标。
[英文]dual obxxxxjectives
We must focus on achieving the dual obxxxxjectives of maintaining a medium-high rate of growth and moving toward a medium-high level of development.
双引擎
[例]打造大众创业、万众创新和增加公共产品、公共服务双引擎。
[英文]twin engines
We need to develop twin engines – popular entrepreneurship and innovation and greater supplies of public goods and services – to drive development.
新常态
[例]经济发展进入新常态，精神面貌要有新状态。
[英文]new normal
China’s economic development has entered a new normal meaning we must adopt a new mindset.
高压态势
[例]始终保持反腐高压态势，对腐败分子零容忍、严查处。
[英文]tough stance
Our tough stance on corruption is here to stay; our tolerance for corruption is zero and anyone guilty of corruption will be dealt with severely.
硬骨头
[英文]tough issue
We tackled many tough issues.
[例]啃了不少硬骨头
大众创业，万众创新
mass entrepreneurship and innovation
拦路虎
[例]体制机制弊端和结构性矛盾是“拦路虎”。
[英文]tiger in the road
Institutional and structural problems have become “tigers in the road” holding up development.
扶上马、送一程
[例]中小微企业大有可为，要扶上马、送一程。
[英文]give (sb) a leg up to get (sb) going
Medium small and micro businesses can accomplish great things. We need to give them a leg up to get them going.
创客
[例]众多“创客”脱颖而出。
[英文]maker
We have seen great numbers of makers giving exxxxxpression to their talents.
众创空间
[例]发展众创空间
[英文]maker space
develop maker spaces
中国制造2025
[英文]Made in China 2025 strategy
“互联网+”行动计划
[英文]Internet Plus Action Plan
普惠金融
[英文]inclusive finance
税收法定原则
[英文]principle of law-baxxxxsed taxation
保持战略定力
[英文]maintain strategic focus
经济行稳致远
[英文]maintain sustainable economic growth
强农惠农富农
[英文]strengthen agriculture benefit farmers and raise rural living standards 健康稳定的大国关系框架
[英文]a sound and stable frxxxxamework for major-country relations
为公平竞争搭好舞台
[英文]level the playing field for fair competition
织密织牢民生保障网
[英文]develop a tightly woven and sturdy safety net
让更多的金融活水流向实体经济
[英文]allow more financial resources to be channeled into the real economy
从制造大国转向制造强国
[英文]transform China from a manufacturer of quantity to one of quality
加强国际传播能力建设
[英文]improve our ability to communicate effectively with international audiences
结构性减税和普遍性降费
[英文]make structural tax reductions and cut fees across the board
精准扶贫、精准脱贫
[英文]take targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty
以释放市场活力对冲经济下行压力
[英文]invigorate the market to offset downward economic pressure
保基本、兜底线、建机制
[英文]build up a basic safety net ensure there is a cushion in place for those most in need and make due institutional arrangements
有权不可任性
[英文]Power is not to be used arbitrarily.。