Touchscreen

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5.2 Fingernail as stylus o 5.3 Fingerprints o 5.4 Combined with haptics o 5.5 Gorilla arm 6 Screen protectors 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 External links
Contents


1 History 2 Technologies o 2.1 Resistive o 2.2 Surface acoustic wave o 2.3 Capacitive 2.3.1 Surface capacitance 2.3.2 Projected capacitance 2.3.2.1 Mutual capacitance 2.3.2.2 Self-capacitance o 2.4 Infrared o 2.5 Optical imaging o 2.6 Dispersive signal technology o 2.7 Acoustic pulse recognition 3 Construction 4 Development 5 Ergonomics and usage o 5.1 Finger stress来自021-54830747
Touchscreen
A touchscreen is an electronic visual display that can detect the presence and location of a touch within the display area. The term generally refers to touching the display of the device with a finger or hand . Touchscreens can also sense other passive objects, such as a stylus . Touchscreens are common in devices such as all-in-one computers , tablet computers , and smartphones. The touchscreen has two main attributes. First, it enables one to interact directly with what is displayed, rather than indirectly with a pointer controlled by a mouse or touchpad . Secondly, it lets one do so without requiring any intermediate device that would need to be held in the hand. Such displays can be attached to computers, or to networks as terminals. They also play a prominent role in the design of digital appliances such as the personal digital assistant (PDA), satellite navigation devices, mobile phones , and video games .
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History
The prototype [ 1 ] xy mutual capacitance touchscreen (left) developed at CERN [ 2 ] [ 3 ] in 1977 by Bent Stumpe, a Danish electronics engineer, for the control room of CERN's accelerator SPS ( Super Proton Synchrotron ). This was a further development of the self capacitance screen (right), also developed by Stumpe at CERN [ 4 ] in 1972. The first touch screen was a capacitive touch screen developed by EA Johnson at the Royal Radar Establishment, Malvern, UK. The inventor briefly described his work in a short article published in 1965 [ 5 ] and then more fully - along with photographs and diagrams - in an article published in 1967. [ 6 ] A description of the applicability of the touch technology for air traffic control was described in an article published in 1968. [ 7 ] Note: Contrary to many accounts, [ 8 ] while Dr. Sam Hurst played an important role in the development of touch technologies, he neither invented the first touch sensor, nor the first touch screen. Touchscreens first gained some visibility with the invention of the computer-assisted learning terminal, which came out in 1972 as part of the PLATO project. Touchscreens have subsequently become familiar in everyday life. Companies use touchscreens for kiosk systems in retail

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direct interaction without any hardware ( keyboard or mouse ) between the user and content, fewer accessories are required. Touchscreens are popular in hospitality, and in heavy industry , as well as kiosks such as museum displays or room automation , where keyboard and mouse systems do not allow a suitably intuitive, rapid, or accurate interaction by the user with the display's content. Historically, the touchscreen sensor and its accompanying controller-based firmware have been made available by a wide array of after-market system integrators , and not by display, chip, or motherboard manufacturers. Display manufacturers and chip manufacturers worldwide have acknowledged the trend toward acceptance of touchscreens as a highly desirable user interface component and have begun to integrate touchscreen functionality into the fundamental design of their products.

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and tourist settings, point of sale systems, ATMs , and PDAs, where a stylus is sometimes used to manipulate the GUI and to enter data. From 1979–1985, the Fairlight CMI (and Fairlight CMI IIx ) was a high-end musical sampling and re-synthesis workstation that utilized light pen technology, with which the user could allocate and manipulate sample and synthesis data, as well as access different menus within its OS by touching the screen with the light pen. The later Fairlight series III models used a graphics tablet in place of the light pen. The HP-150 from 1983 was one of the world's earliest commercial touchscreen computers. Similar to the PLATO IV system, the touch technology used employed infrared transmitters and receivers mounted around the bezel of its 9" Sony Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), which detected the position of any non-transparent object on the screen. An early attempt at a handheld game console with touchscreen controls was Sega 's intended successor to the Game Gear , though the device was ultimately shelved and never released due to the expensive cost of touchscreen technology in the early 1990s. Touchscreens would not be popularly used for video games until the release of the Nintendo DS in 2004. [ 9 ] Until recently, most consumer touchscreens could only sense one point of contact at a time, and few have had the capability to sense how hard one is touching. This is starting to change with the commercialization of multi-touch technology.