Can computer models stimulate learning about sustainable land use

Experiences in End-of-Life Care: A Literature Review Original Research Article Asian Nursing ResearchVirtual study abroad and exchange studioAutomation in Constructionenvironmental impact assessments on science and policy: An analysis of the Three Gorges Project Original Research ArticleJournal of Environmental Managementvisualisation for participatory landscape planning—a study from Denmark Original Research ArticleLandscape and Urban Planningrelationships between design and use of urban park spaces Original Research ArticleLandscape and Urban PlanningResearch Highlights►BIM allows using holistic real-world cases that better simulate project conditions. ► BIM allowed learning three project planning methods in an integrated way. ► BIM allows the incorporation of change management in assignments. ► BIM allows learning project plan local optimizations. ► We recommend construction engineer programs adopt BIM to develop practical skills.Shaken, shrinking, hot, impoverished and informal: Emerging research agendas in planning Original Research ArticleProgress in PlanningThe digital design studio has an area of application where conventional media are incapable of being used; collaboration in learning, design and dialogue with people in places other than where one lives. This distinctive opportunity has lead the authors to explore a form of design brief and virtual design studio (VDS) format not well addressed in the literature. Instead of sharing the same design brief, students in this alternative format design a project in the other students’ city and do not collaborate on the samedesign. Collaboration with other students takes the form of teaching each other about the city and culture served by the design. The authors discovered these studios produce a focus on site context that serves our pedagogical objectives – a blend of architectural, landscape architectural and urban design knowledge. Their students use a range of commercial CAD and computer supported collaborative work (CSCW) software common to that used in many VDS experiments reported on in the literature. However, this conventional use of technology is contrasted with a second distinctive characteristic of these studios, the use of custom software tools specifically designed to support synchronous and asynchronous three-dimensional model exchange and linked attribute knowledge. The paper analyzes some of the virtual design studio (VDS) work between the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, the University of Toronto, and the University of Melbourne. The authors articulate a framework of VDS dimensions that structures their teaching and research.Etudes virtuelles outre-mer et studio d’échangeLe studio de design digital comprend des domaines d’application ou les média conventionnelles ne sont pas suffisantes; la collaboration lors de l’apprentissage, et la conception et le dialogue avec des gens vivant ailleurs. Cette opportunité distincte a mené les auteurs à explorer une forme de description du design et de studio de design virtuel qui n’est pas bien addressée dans la litérature. Au lieu de se partager la même description, dans ce format alternatif les étudiants travaillent sur un projet situé dans la ville des autres étudiants, mais ne collaborent pas sur le même design. La collaboration avec les autres étudiants prend la forme de se renseigner les uns les autres au sujet de la ville et de la culture desservies par le projet. Les auteurs ont découvert que ces studios produisent un focus sur le contexte du site qui correspond à leurs objectifs pédagogiques – un mélange de paysage architectural et de connaissances en planification urbaine. Les étudiants utilisent une gamme d’outils pour le DAO commercial et travail collaboratif aidé par ordinateur (TCAO), analogues à ceux utilisés lors de plusieurs expériences sur les SDV décrites dans la litérature.Cependant, cette utilisation conventionnelle de la technologie contraste avec une deuxièmecaractéristique distinctive de ces studios, l’utilisation d’outils informatiqu es conçus pour permettrel’échange synchrone et asynchrone de modèles trois-dimensionnels et la connaissance de leurs attributs.Ce papier examine la collaboration en studio de design virtuel qui a eu lieu entre l’Institut Fédéral de Technologie Suisse, l’Université de Toronto, et l’Université de Melbourne. Les auteurs articulent un cadre de dimensions SDV qui guide leur enseignement et leurs recherches.Deep-sea benthic community and environmental impact assessment at the Atlantic Frontier Original Research ArticleContinental Shelf ResearchA rticle Outline1. Introduction2. Virtual design studio paradigms2.1. Motivations2.2. Distinguishing dimensions3. Our approach3.1. Zurich/Ottawa and Melbourne/Toronto4. Discussion4.1. Design process4.2. Design outcomes4.3. Presentations and assessments5. Organizational and technical issues for VDS5.1. Co-ordinators5.2. Collaboration projects5.3. Collaboration tools5.4. Infrastructure5.5. Training and help resources5.6. Review of end-products6. SummaryAcknowledgementsReferencesSociety demands solutions to design problems in urban and rural planning that are based on logic and trains of thought that can be put into words. This is in order to support discussion, debate and criticism. The central purpose of this study was to develop an instrument for design critique in landscape architecture. To judge contemporary professional practice, a ―triptych‖ of three types of landscape architecture has been constructed. These are traditional, modern and post-modern.Traditional landscape architecture is an art-and-craft-based approach. In modern landscape architecture, landscape is seen as an object to be analysed scientifically. Post-modern landscape architecture deals with the participation of the population. The task of the post-modern designer is to get the user emotionally involved in the product through the design process.With this instrument, it is possible to become aware of what motivates the individual designer in landscape architecture.This paper describes patterns of use in public open space such as parks that indicate relationships between the design of parks and the detailed ways that users inhabit (or not) such places. It focuses particularly on the use of comparatively level and regularly mown grassed areas. It draws on a combination of behaviour-mapping and GIS supported techniques of spatial annotation and visualization, as applied to urban parks in two European cities, to reveal common patterns of behaviour that appear to be correlated with particular layouts and details. It demonstrates the value of the methodology in revealing relationships between design and use that are based on empirical evidence, and supporting the kind of detailed design guidance that can be of benefit for future design practitioners. It shows how guidance can be arrived at, based on the particulars of the case study sites and cities, and provides a starting point for further studies using the same methods. The value of the research is in helpingdesigners be confident that layouts proposed for intended uses will, in practice serve those uses (and users) well and be likely to be used as predicted.A rticle Outline1. Introduction2. Background literature3. Methodology3.1. Data collection3.2. Database creation and analysis techniques4. Key findings4.1. Occupation of grassed areas: ―landmarks‖ and the ―edge effect‖4.2. Active use of lawns/grassed areas4.3. Buffer zones5. Discussion5.1. Sitting in the grass: dimensions of the ―edge effect‖ (see Fig. 14)5.2. Personal space/public distance5.3. Size and shape of activity spaces and compactness of groups using them5.4. Buffer zones for activity spaces6. Implications and limitations7. ConclusionReferencesVitaeCritique and theory in Dutch landscape architecture Original Research Article Landscape and Urban PlanningReverse logistics network design for the collection of End-of-Life Vehicles in Mexico Original Research ArticleEuropean Journal of Operational ResearchSummaryBackgroundIdentification of people who most frequently engage in sexual risk behaviour while tra velling abroad would be useful for the design and targeting of health education and promotion campaigns.MethodsEligible participants were people living in the UK aged 18–34 years who had travelled abroad without a partner in the previous 2 years. Respondents were first screened for eligibility as part of representative face-to-face and telephone surveys by a market research company. Eligible individuals who agreed to take part then underwent a computer-assisted telephone interview. Reinterviewing continued until 400 eligible people had been contacted. We also interviewed a control group of 568 young people who had travelled abroad without a partner in the previous 2 years but who did not report a new sexual relationship during their travels.FlndingsOne in ten of the eligible participants reported sexual intercourse with a new partner. Travellers who reported a new sexual relationship abroad were also likely to report large numbers of sexual partners at home. Of the 400 people who had a new sexual partner abroad, 300 (75%) used condoms on all occasions with the new partner. Logistic regression modelling showed differences between men and women in those factors linked to the practice of unsafe or safer sex while travelling. For men, patterns of condom use abroad with casual partners (p<0·001) reflected patterns of use at home (p<0·001), whereas for women, patterns of condom use varied according to their partners' backgrounds (p<0·001).InterpretationCondoms are widely used among young travellers, but patterns of use vary by sex. Campaigns about sexual health targeted at international travellers should continue, not least because young people who meet new sexual partners abroad may be a convenient proxy group for that minority of the populationwho report most sexual partners at home. Such campaigns should be designed differently for men and women.A rticle OutlineIntroductionMethodsRespondentsStudy designStatistical analysisResultsDiscussionAcknowledgementsReferencesResponsibilities of theorists: The case of communicative planning theory Original Research ArticleProgress in PlanningInvestigating the relationship between schedules and knowledge transfer in software testing Original Research ArticleInformation and Software Technology环境艺术风景园林专业硕士设计管理经验方案设计能力熟悉规划详细初步施工图现场施工方法AutoCAD "Sketch-up" Photoshop 相关软件国外学习生活背景Scenarios for the Austrian food chain in 2020 and its landscape impacts Original Research ArticleLandscape and Urban PlanningThis paper seeks to describe several features of establishing a closed-loop supply chain for the collection of End-of-Life Vehicles in Mexico. To address this task, the problem is handled through Reverse Logistics and is modelled through an Uncapacitated Facility Location Problem. The solution of this model is obtained using software SITATION©. Furthermore, this work also presents a brief description of the current Mexican ELV management system and the future trends in ELV generation in Mexico. The main result is the configuration of three collection networks within Mexico, which correspond to three possible scenarios that consider 100%, 90% and 75%, respectively, of collection coverage. Regions with high ELV generation are identified as well as relevant factors affecting total costs in the reverse supply chain.A rticle Outline1. Introduction2. Reverse logistics and EoL vehicle management3. ELV management in Mexico4. Strategic network design for ELV collection in Mexico4.1. Definition of the problem4.2. Model formulation4.3. Scenarios5. SITATION© data requirements5.1. Demand and candidate nodes5.2. Demand of ELV collection5.3. Fixed and transport costs6. Results and discussion7. ConclusionsAcknowledgementsAppendix A. Main results of UFCFLP implementation and its solution through software SITATION©A.1. Scenario-1A.2. Scenario-2A.3. Scenario-3References264 articles found for: pub-date > 1984 and tak(((Environmental Art) or Master or construction or Landscape or Architecture or design or management or experience) and (Design or capacity or more or familiar or with or the or (preliminary planning)) and (method or construction or drawings or "on-site" or planning or AutoCAD or "Sketch-up" or Photoshop or software)) Background study and life abroadEntrepreneurial heuristics: A comparison between high PL (pioneering-innovative) and low PI ventures Original Research ArticleJournal of Business VenturingEntrepreneurship researchers in recent years have been experiencing growing disillusionment about the traditional lines of research in the field with its focus on the conducive environment, background and early experiences of the entrepreneur, and the traits and motives of the entrepreneur. It has been rightly pointed out that such research has had very little success either in predicting entrepreneurial behaviour or in producing useful inputs for entrepreneurship training and development. The present paper reports on a study of a new variable, namely entrepreneurial heuristics, which has tremendous potential for predicting entrepreneurial behaviour and providing training and counseling inputs for entrepreneurs.―Entrepreneurial heuristics‖ were defined as the thumb-rules guiding the management decisions involved in the start-up and management of a new venture. The objective of the study was to identify such decision-rules and compare them for the more innovative and less innovative ventures. Data on innovativeness and use of heuristics were collected from 138 published undisguised cases on entrepreneurs, using the ―case-survey method‖ that involved the content analysis of these cases and quantification of the above variables. Case data thus collected were verified against the field data collected from a comparable group of 26 ventures, which raised the size of the final sample to 164.The sample was then divided into three groups based on the distribution of innovativeness scores; the top third was called the high PI group and the bottom third the low PI group. Heuristics that were significantly different for the two groups were called the PI heuristics, and the others were called the general entrepreneurial heuristics. The two groups of heuristics were separately factor-analyzed to find the PI orientations and the general entrepreneurial orientations respectively.A regression analysis showed that entrepreneurial orientations especially the PI ones could explain as much as 50% of the variance in innovativeness and provided some support for the hypothesis that the causal relationship between PI orientation and innovativeness is likely to be stronger in that direction (heuristics causing innovativenss) than in the opposite direction. Finally, a discriminant analysis has shown that PI orientations could fairly well discriminate between the high PI and the low PI groups with a probability of misclassification of 0.12.An analysis of the PI heuristics juxtaposed with the case facts from which they were originally derived has shown that the high PI ventures could be described using a hypothesised model characterized by the following five orien tations: • intrinsic orientation as opposed to extrinsic orientation • organic growth orientation as opposed to transplantation orientation • entity orientation as opposed to property orientation • people orientation as opposed to self-orientation • vision orientation as opposed to opportunity orientationUnderstanding the heuristics of innovative ventures (more importantly those of successful ventures, which have not been investigated here) would be of use to entrepreneurs as well as academics, especially because it is much easier for a person to change policies than to change traits/motives and/or worry about background and the environmental conditions. Moreover, in entrepreneurial heuristics we have a researchable variable that is much more closely related to entrepreneurial action than are traits and motives. An added advantage is that there is no need for a paradigm shift because the study of heuristics is well within the strategic choice paradigm, as opposed to the population ecology paradigm.construction project management with BIM support: Experience and lessons learned Original Research ArticleAutomation in ConstructionHow the future landscape will look depends particularly on the outcome of the socio-economically motivated decisions of farmers, food processors, retailers and consumers, all members of the food supply chain. However, a long-term perspective on the food supply chain and its landscape effects is confronted with a great deal of uncertainty and data constraints. These difficulties can be partly avoided by using the personal judgements of agents whose decisions control the structure of present and future food supply chains. A well-established agent-based method for dealing with and describing variation in the future is the method of scenario planning. The aim of this paper is to present the application of the scenario approach to the Austrian food supply chain in 2020 and its landscape impacts. A critical discussion of the scenarios should reflect their explanatory power regarding future development options for landscapes. The first section of the paper outlines the interactions between society, the food supply chain and the landscape in a conceptual model. It describes the applied scenario technique and the research setting involving agents from agriculture, the food industry, retailing, gastronomy, and consumer organisations. Four scenarios for the food chain in 2020 are presented (Liberal Market Scenario, Protective Policy Scenario, Fast World Scenario, Slow World Scenario) and their respective consequences and strategies are discussed. The scenario technique used is found to be a useful means of gathering and structuring disperse expert knowledge. The paper concludes that—despite some methodological limitations—scenarios can deal with uncertainty concerning the socio-economic driving forces of landscape change and therefore can be used as a preliminary step in formulating robust strategies for landscape management.A rticle Outline1. Introduction2. Model of the interactions between society, the food chain and the landscape3. Methods for medium- to long-term perspectives3.1. Scenario technique—a methodology to imagine possible and plausible futures3.2. The two scenario processes and the applied methods4. Results4.1. The practitioners’ scenarios4.2. The scientists’ scenarios5. Discussion5.1. Comparison of the practitioners’ and the scientists’ scenarios5.2. Potential strategies to be deduced from the scenarios5.3. Critical reflection on the scenario approach6. ConclusionAcknowledgementsReferencesVitaeuncertainty in life after stroke: A qualitative study of the experiences of established and new informal carers in the first 3 months after discharge International Journal of Nursing StudiesDespite its remarkable achievements, the field of international business (IB) is under attack; its legitimacy and importance are challenged. Structural weaknesses, in particular the existence of two subfields – one drawing on economics and strategy, the other on cross-cultural studies – have contributed to IB, but have failed to build the micro-process bridges that would have united and distinguished the field. The sociology of the field with its dominant positivist research paradigm also has not helped. We propose amulti-method, paradigmatic interplay approach to IB research for building intellectual bridges that would draw on the unique demographics of IB researchers and allow the field to be more united and hopefully produce stronger, more relevant research.A rticle OutlineA critical summary of the IB field from the strategy and culture perspectivesThe early economics perspective: surfing the crestsCross-cultural perspective: exploring the troughsLost opportunities: missing the full force of the waveLimitations of the economics perspectiveLimitations of the cross-cultural perspectiveFurther limitations from the sociology of the field itself: damned if you do…An opportunity for integrating and defining the field: riding the full waveToward multi-methods paradigmatic interplay in IB researchReferencesEnvironmental Art Master of Landscape Architecture design and management experience Design capacity of more familiar with the preliminary planning method of construction drawings on-site constructionAutoCAD "Sketch-up" Photoshop softwareBackground study and life abroadexperience in design education as a resource for innovative thinking: The case of Bruno Munari Original Research ArticleProcedia - Social and Behavioral SciencesDesign education in general includes various design fields such as product design, graphic design, communication design and design in engineering. Designing as an activity captures all these various fields. Design refers basically to a problem solving method, a creative problem solving approach and relevant processes. Design as an activity has always been considered as a creative tool. Design education mainly focuses on enhancing creative approaches with various 2D and 3D project based basic design studies. As the tools of designing developed in parallel with technology, the core structure of the education is based on a model with creative and analytical aspects: Designerly way of thinking aims at originality and uniqueness. Today the need for innovation has become more evident than ever. The main purpose of the paper is to explore and to identify the relationship between creativity, innovation and design related to design education. Bruno Munari(Milano, 1907-1998) as a designer and a design educator, is one of the prominent names reflecting innovation and creativity in the history of Italian Design. His innovative contribution to Italian Design is reinforced by his experimental design educator background in research for creativity. The paper aims at exploring the educational structures through history of design and design education that leads to creative thinking and nurture sustainable innovation through the case study of Bruno Munari's works as a designer and as an educator.Landscape architecture at the Wageningen Agricultural University Original Research ArticleLandscape and Urban PlanningThis paper presents experiences and lessons learned during the introduction of Building Information Models (BIM) in construction engineering project management courses. We illustratively show that the introduction of BIM-based project management tools helped the teachers of two courses to develop more realistic project-based class assignments that supported students with learning how to apply different formal project management methods to real-world project management problems. In particular, we show that the introduction of BIM allows educators to design a class project that allowed the use of more realistic cases that better simulate real-world project conditions, helped students to learn how different project management methods integrate with each other, integrate change management tasks in a class assignment, and learn how to optimize project plans.A rticle Outline1. Introduction2. BIM to support project management education3. Research methodology4. Case description4.1. Managing fabrication and construction class — Stanford University4.1.1. Class background4.1.2. Case analysis4.2. Integrated project management — Twente University4.2.1. Class background4.2.2. Case analysis5. Case analysis, findings, and implications5.1. Comparison of the Stanford class exams5.2. Cross case analysis5.2.1. Findings6. Limitations and suggestion for future research7. ConclusionAcknowledgementsReferences。