动名词与分词

现在分词呢，是由动词末尾加-ing 形式构成，因此又叫动词的-ing 形式。V+-ing

千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟！

不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化。见图

作主语：动名词

1 Teaching is my full-time job.

2 Writing an English composition is not easy.

3 It’s useless taking this kind of medicine.

作表语

（1）动名词

My job is teaching.

= Teaching is my job.

Her full-time job is laying eggs.

=Laying eggs is her full-time job.

（2）现在分词

The play is exciting.

≠ Exciting is the play.

The story he told us was very interesting.

≠Interesting was the story he tol d us.

作表语

（1）动名词

My job is teaching.

= Teaching is my job.

Her full-time job is laying eggs.

=Laying eggs is her full-time job.

（2）现在分词

The play is exciting.

≠ Exciting is the play.

The story he told us was very interesting.

≠Interesting was the story he told us.

作宾语：动名词

I have just finished doing my home work.

I suggested asking his brother for some money.

He keeps buying expensive maps. He must have more than 200 by now.

只接动名词作宾语的常见动词有十六个：resist、mind、suggest、delay、keep on、look forward to、enjoy、include、appreciate、imagine、practise、finish、succeed in、consider、can’t help、miss。

作宾语补足语：现在分词

I heard the girl singing in the classroom.

I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.

The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.

能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词有这些，看看有什么好方法可以将它们记住：make、let、have、look at、see、watch、hear、listen to、notice、feel。

对了，用“三让、三看、两听、注意感觉”。多简单！

作定语

⑴动名词作定语表示性质或用途。

a washing machine

＝a machine for washing

a swimming pool

＝a pool for swimming

例：This is a new washing machine.

⑵现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。

a developing country ＝a country which is developing

a sleeping boy＝a boy who is sleeping

The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.

China is a developing country.

作状语

现在分词作状语。表时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随（方式）等。

Hearing the cry for help, he rushed out.（时间）

Being ill, he went home. （原因）

Seeing from the hill, you can get the whole town.(条件）

European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world. （结果）

He read a magazine waiting for the bus.（伴随）

V + -ing 形式用法归纳

现1、作表语(与动名词的区别）

在2、作宾补（能跟现在分词作宾补的动词）

分3、作定语（与动名词的区别）

词4、作状语

动1、作主语

名2、作表语(与现在分词的区别）

词3、作宾语（能跟动名词作宾语的动词）

4、作定语（与动名词的区别）

1. 现在进行时

现在进行时通常表示此时此刻或当前一个时期内正在进行的活动，例如：We are having an English class. (我们在上英语课。)；She is reading today's newspaper.

(她在看今天的报纸。) She is staying with her sister. (她目前在她姐姐家住。) 现在进行时由“助动词be + 现在分词”构成，be 和主语在人称和数上要一致。

现在进行时和一般现在时不同，前者表示正在进行的活动，后者表示经常性的活动，例如：

They are working on the farm. (他们正在农场劳动。)

They often work on the farm. (他们常常在农场劳动，但此时不一定在农场劳动。) Is she having supper? (她在吃晚饭吗?)

Does she have supper at six? (她通常是6点吃晚饭吗?)

现在进行时的肯定式、否定式和疑问式

肯定式: I am reading.

You are reading.

He(She) is reading.

We(You/They) are reading.

否定式: I am not reading.

You aren't reading.

He(She) isn't reading.

We(You/They) aren't reading?

疑问式: Am I reading?

Are you reading?

Is he(she) reading?

Are we(you/they) reading?

2. 现在分词的构成法

现在分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing 构成的：

1) 在一般情形下直接加-ing, 例如：reading, playing。

2) 以不读音的e 结尾的词，去掉e，再加ing, 例如：come→coming, have→having

3) 以重读闭音节结尾，最后又只有一个辅音字母的词，双写这一字母，再加-ing, 例如：get →getting, begin→beginning。