动名词与分词

现在分词呢，是由动词末尾加-ing 形式构成，因此又叫动词的-ing 形式。

V+-ing千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟！不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语。

还有时态和语态的变化。

见图作主语：动名词1 Teaching is my full-time job.2 Writing an English composition is not easy.3 It’s useless taking this kind of medicine.作表语（1）动名词My job is teaching.= Teaching is my job.Her full-time job is laying eggs.=Laying eggs is her full-time job.（2）现在分词The play is exciting.≠ Exciting is the play.The story he told us was very interesting.≠Interesting was the story he tol d us.作表语（1）动名词My job is teaching.= Teaching is my job.Her full-time job is laying eggs.=Laying eggs is her full-time job.（2）现在分词The play is exciting.≠ Exciting is the play.The story he told us was very interesting.≠Interesting was the story he told us.作宾语：动名词I have just finished doing my home work.I suggested asking his brother for some money.He keeps buying expensive maps. He must have more than 200 by now.只接动名词作宾语的常见动词有十六个：resist、mind、suggest、delay、keep on、look forward to、enjoy、include、appreciate、imagine、practise、finish、succeed in、consider、can’t help、miss。

作宾语补足语：现在分词I heard the girl singing in the classroom.I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词有这些，看看有什么好方法可以将它们记住：make、let、have、look at、see、watch、hear、listen to、notice、feel。

对了，用“三让、三看、两听、注意感觉”。

多简单！作定语⑴动名词作定语表示性质或用途。

a washing machine＝a machine for washinga swimming pool＝a pool for swimming例：This is a new washing machine.⑵现在分词作定语表示动作。

如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。

a developing country ＝a country which is developinga sleeping boy＝a boy who is sleepingThe man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.China is a developing country.作状语现在分词作状语。

表时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随（方式）等。

Hearing the cry for help, he rushed out.（时间）Being ill, he went home. （原因）Seeing from the hill, you can get the whole town.(条件）European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world. （结果）He read a magazine waiting for the bus.（伴随）V + -ing 形式用法归纳现1、作表语(与动名词的区别）在2、作宾补（能跟现在分词作宾补的动词）分3、作定语（与动名词的区别）词4、作状语动1、作主语名2、作表语(与现在分词的区别）词3、作宾语（能跟动名词作宾语的动词）4、作定语（与动名词的区别）1. 现在进行时现在进行时通常表示此时此刻或当前一个时期内正在进行的活动，例如：We are having an English class. (我们在上英语课。

)；She is reading today's newspaper.(她在看今天的报纸。

) She is staying with her sister. (她目前在她姐姐家住。

) 现在进行时由“助动词be + 现在分词”构成，be 和主语在人称和数上要一致。

现在进行时和一般现在时不同，前者表示正在进行的活动，后者表示经常性的活动，例如：They are working on the farm. (他们正在农场劳动。

)They often work on the farm. (他们常常在农场劳动，但此时不一定在农场劳动。

) Is she having supper? (她在吃晚饭吗?)Does she have supper at six? (她通常是6点吃晚饭吗?)现在进行时的肯定式、否定式和疑问式肯定式: I am reading.You are reading.He(She) is reading.We(You/They) are reading.否定式: I am not reading.You aren't reading.He(She) isn't reading.We(You/They) aren't reading?疑问式: Am I reading?Are you reading?Is he(she) reading?Are we(you/they) reading?2. 现在分词的构成法现在分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing 构成的：1) 在一般情形下直接加-ing, 例如：reading, playing。

2) 以不读音的e 结尾的词，去掉e，再加ing, 例如：come→coming, have→having3) 以重读闭音节结尾，最后又只有一个辅音字母的词，双写这一字母，再加-ing, 例如：get →getting, begin→beginning。

注意下面几种现在分词的读音：1) studying ［#st7dii9］, carrying ［#k*rii9］2) preparing ［pri#p52ri9］3) singing ［#si9i9］, bringing ［#bri9i9］3.“be going + 动词不定式”的用法表示打算(预备)做某事，常可用be going to 这个句型，例如：Are you going to take part in the parade? (你准备去参加游行吗?)I am going to write to her this afternoon. (我打算下午给她写封信.)When are they going to have the meeting? (他们准备什么时候开会?)这里go 已没有“去”的意思，而与后面的不定式一起构成谓语。

“be going”通常不重读。

注意：这种结构后面一般不用go, come 等动词，若要表示“准备去”，“就要来”这类意思时，可以直接用这些动词的现在进行时，例如：I am going to town this afternoon. (我打算今天下午进城。

)John is coming tomorrow. (John 明天就要来了。

)牛津英语5A英语语法(四)现在进行时一、概念现在进行时表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作．结构：助动词be ( am / is / are ) +现在分词.二、现在分词的构成：1.大多数动词后可在动词后直接加-ing．Eg: carry-carrying,catch-catching,drink-drinking, enjoy-enjoying hurry-hurrying ,do-doing , read-reading , think-thinking2. 如果动词以-e结尾,则去掉-e,再加-ing,如come-coming , have-having , make-making,ride-riding,write-writing,take-taking,use-using．3. 如果动词只有一个元音字母,而其后跟有一个辅音字母时,将此辅音字母双写,再加-ing 如：hit-hitting,let-letting, put-putting,run-running,sit-sitting．4. 如果动词有两个音节,且重音在第二个音节上,则末尾的辅音字母须双写,再加-ing,如: for’get-forgetting,pre’fer-preferring,up’set-upsetting．试比较’benefit/benfiting, ’differ/differing,’profit/profiting,这些词的重音在第一个音节上,因此其末尾的辅音字母不双写．5. 以-ic 结尾的动词,应先把-ic 变为-ick,再加-ing,eg: panic/panicking,picnic/picnicking,但lie/lying ,die/dying,tie/tying是特殊变化要记住．三、句型结构：1.现在进行时的肯定形式、否定形式、疑问形式及其回答,所有变化都体现在助动词be ( is / am / are ) 上．1)现在进行时的肯定形式：主语+be(am/ is/are)+doing+其他成分I am singing . They are writing .2)现在进行时的否定形式:主语+be(am/ is/are)+not +doing+其他成分I am not singing . They aren’t writing .3）一般疑问句及回答：be(am/ is/are)+ 主语+doing+其他成分Am I singing ? Y es ,you are . / No ,you aren’t .Are they writing ? Yes ,they are . / No ,they aren’t .4)特殊疑问句及回答:特殊疑问词+be(am/ is/are)+主语+doing+其他成分What are you doing ? We are playing (要求就提问内容具体回答).2. 缩写形式如下:I am---I’m You are---You’re He is---He’s She is---She’sIt is---It’s We are---We’re They are---They’re3.说明: 不是所有动词都能用现在进行时态的,如：see、like、want、know 等动词往往都不用进行时态．四．用法：1.表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情．往往与now,at the moment,just 等副词连用,以示强调．We are waiting for you. What are you doing? Some one’s knocking at the door．2.正在进行着的动作可视为未完成的动作：He’s talking to his friends in the classroom.可用still 一词强调动作的持续性He’s still talking to his friends in the classroom.3. 表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行．Mr. Black is writing another article.Don’t take that book away. Your father’s using it.She is learning piano under Mr. Black.4.现在进行时可用来表示不会长期发生的动作或情况,或被认为在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况：What’s your brother doing these days? He’s studying English at Oxford University.5.现在进行时也可以用来表示当前的动向：People are becoming more and more beautiful these days.6. 表示渐变的动词有：become,turn,get,grow,run,go,begin等．The leaves are turning brown.It’s getting colder and colder.7.与always,constantly,forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩．You are always changing your mind.8. 现在进行时(以及be going to）可以表示为将来安排好的活动和事件We’re spending next winter in China. 用arrive,come,go,leave 等动词的现在进行时描写行程安排,也通常有“将到达”和“将离去”的意思：He’s arriving tomorrow morning.9.当现在进行时表示某事发生的次数过多时,则有时含有抱怨,讨厌,赞扬等的意思：He is always singing at night,and we can’t fall asleep late at night.一把动词变成现在分词形式易出错例：1、they are swiming.(swim)2 、jenny is plaiing(play)football.答案：1.swimming 2 .playing解析：动词变现在分词可有如下口诀:“一添一去y不变”. “一添”指双写规则；“一去”指去掉不发音字母e规则；“y不变”指要与名词变复数区分开。