英美概况education

合集下载

新编英美概况美国教育英文PPT..

University (College): General for a four-year (18 years old and above), and "Institute" or "College", a university graduate students engaged in research and set up.
For a long time, the US has led the world in higher education, quantitatively at least. The total number of the institution of higher education is about 3,300. This figure represents one institution for every 78,000 Americans. Slightly more than half of all institutions of higher education are privately supported, many of them by religious groups. There are five categories of institution of higher education in the United States: Doctoral-level institution, Comprehensive institution, General baccalaureate institution, Specialized institution, and Two-year institution.
Elementary schools teach reading ,arithmetic , and language arts such as creative writing , spelling , and handwriting . Social studies , science , music , art ,and physical education are also part of the program . Classes are held five days a week from Monday to Friday . Elementary teachers have often been trained in schools of education , and most of them have normally completed the university degree .

英美概况unit6education

Sixth Form
• The sixth form (or Key Stage 5) is the final (optional) two years of secondary schooling when students are 16 to 18 years of age and normally prepare for their A-level exams.
2. How is the British education system structured?
What is education?
Education is a progressive discovery of our ignorance.
--- Will Durant (1885-1981) U.S. author and historian
--- 2. Terms
State schools Independent schools 11-plus exam Grammar schools Comprehensive schools Oxbridge Open University
Lead-in Questions:
1. What are the goals of education?
III. How is British Education System structured?
Primary and Secondary Education
Primary Education
•
• • •
Primary education is compulsory.
In England and Wales (from 5 to 11 years old). In Scotland (from 5 to 12 years old). In Northern Ireland (from 4 to 11 years old).

《英语国家概况》-Chapter20Education

《英语国家概况》-Chapter20Education第二十章美国教育在美国，教育既被认为是个人福利，也被视为是社会之必须，人们的普遍看法是，每一个美国人都有受教育的权利和义务。

美国人相信，通过教育一个人可以获得知识、技术、见解和能力，这将使他能够适应社会，并提高自身的社会地位。

教育有助于塑造社会，发展国家实力。

通常，美国人把教育看作是个人和国家成功的原因，是医治社会和经济疾患的特效药，并认为国家的未来在很大程度上依赖于教育。

1.美国教育的特点美国的正规教育由初等教育、中等教育和高等教育构成。

初等和中等教育属公立教育，是免费的，也是强制的。

各种类型的学院和大学，招收来自各种不同社会背景的高中毕业生。

据报道，目前有半数以上的高中毕业生可以进入各种类型的高等学府继续深造，美国的学院和大学一年就有约100万学生毕业，美国成年人接受高等教育的可能性超过世界上大多数国家。

一些学校、学院和大学是公立的，而另一些则是私立的。

所谓公立和私立是指学校的经费来源、管理方式。

公立学校通常规模较大，由州或社区创立和管理，并给予经济上的支持，而私立学校则由宗教团体或非宗教性的私人组织或个人投资创立。

公立中、小学校多于私立的中、小学校，而私立的学院和大学却又比公立的多。

虽然男女同校是一项原则，然而还是有相当多的单一性别的学校(只招收男生或女生)。

多样性被视为美国教育的一个显著特点。

这不仅表现在学校的类型、规模和管理上，而且还表现在教育政策和教学实践上。

根据美国的宪法第十条修正案，教育是"保留给各州或人民"的责任之一。

这清楚地说明教育是州的职责，而不是联邦政府的。

美国没有全国性的统一的教育体系，联邦政府可以影响教育、资助教育的发展，但它不控制各州的教育政策和实施情况。

各州为自己的辖区内的学校教育制定政策。

由于各州可以自由地按自己的意愿去广泛地或有限地发展学校，并且可以把它的教育管理权授予地方学区，授权多少由各州自定，所以50个州的教育体制有很大差别。

【英美概况】【课堂笔记】美国教育education-in-the-USA

EDUCATION IN THE USAGoing to School in America TodayAmerican education has the goal of achieving universal literacy and to provide individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to promote both their own individual welfare as well as that of the society.About 90% of American students attend public schools and the other 10% attend private schools. Most private schools are run the churches, synagogues or other religious groups; these schools teach about their religion as well as the usual subjects such as mathematics, English, science, history and geography.The costs involved in providing education are veryhigh and therefore it is constantly under review by governments and by citizens. The spending of money is guided by boards of education at the state anddistrict level. The same is true for decisions about school curriculum, teacher standards and certification, and the measurement of student progress.Education - A Local MatterEducation is mainly in the hands of the states andlocal governments; it is not controlled by the federal government.Each child in America is guaranteed 13 years education, regardless of the child’s race, sex, religion, learning problems, physical handicap or inability to speak English. Each of the 50 states in the USA hasits own laws concerning education such as the school leaving-age of students.Americans like to educate their children about major public concerns, such as environmental pollution, nuclear issues, crimes and drugs. Boards of education can add courses to the curriculum, if they think that they are important for the students.What an American Student LearnsThere is no national curriculum in the USA but there are some subjects that maybe taught to all students from kindergarten to grade 12.Elementary school•Elementary school usually means all grades fromkindergarten through to grade 8.•Almost every elementary school teaches thefollowing subjects: mathematics, English,penmanship, science, social studies (a subjectthat includes history, geography, citizenship and economics) and the use of computers.Secondary school (high school)Secondary school generally means grades 9 to 12. The core subjects required to be taught in secondary schools are English, mathematics, science, social studies and physical education.In addition to the required subjects, the student can to choose elective courses. For instance, if theycomplete the required work in American History, they are then able to take additional history related units such as European History and World Political Issues.Students can be guided in their choice of electives by school counsellors, who can suggest electives ranging from very specialized academic subjects to those that are more vocational in nature. Some secondary schools specialize in particular types of subjects such as business education, foreign languages or industrial trades.At all levels of education, students are expected to work hard, complete assignments, complete homework and show respect to their teachers and professors.Higher EducationAbout 33% of high school student graduates go on to higher education.The system of higher education in the USA is complex. It comprises four categories of institutions:1.The university – which offers bachelor’s degrees,master’s degrees and doctoral degrees.2.The college - which only offers four-yearbachelor’s degrees, this sort of college is notpart of a university.3.the technical training institution – which offersa wide range of courses, some short and others upto four years, and where students can learn avariety of technical skills ranging fromhairdressing to business accounting.4.The two-year community college – where studentsstudy for 2 years for a qualification which thenallows them to go on and complete their degree(another two years) at a university.Some Bachelor level degrees have an emphasis on developing a well-rounded person and some Bachelor degrees are directly aimed at a particular career path.Many universities have gained a strong reputation for the high quality of their educational programs. Some of the most prestigious universities receive a very large number of applications, and to get a place at one of these prestigious universities is very difficult.Factors that determine the status of the university are:•Quality of the teaching•Quality of research done there (very important)•Amount of funding available for libraries•Number of applicants for admission•Quality of facilitiesThe most desirable universities are usually the most expensive but their graduates have a distinct advantage when it comes to finding employment.University for AllAfter World War 2 the government passed a law offering financial assistance to returned soldiers (veterans) who wished to go to higher education colleges. Many veterans took up the opportunity, because they thoughtthat it would improve their chances of getting a good job.This changed the image of who should go to college. Previously, only a small percentage of school-leavers were accepted by colleges and universities. After the veterans started attending college, many other groups also started to attend college. For instance, the enrolment of women and African-American students greatly increased after this.By this time, racial segregation had been deemed unconstitutional, and the opportunities for African-American students to enter higher education improved dramatically.About the photo: A Fort Myer, Virginia school September 8, 1954 taken shortly after a unanimous ruling that segregation in education was inherently unequal as a result of the case of Brown vs. the Board of Education.)Universities and colleges went on to develop ways to give school leavers greater access to their programs. For example, many universities changed their entrance requirements, so that they not only took students’high school performance and entrance scores intoconsideration, but also their the talents, voluntary activities and “life experiences”.What success did these programs have?•American students have become an increasinglydiverse group.•By 2000 there were 128 women for every 100 men in higher education.•Also by 2000, f or every 100 master’s degreesawarded to men, there were 138 awarded to women•Universities and colleges were enrolling an increasing number of non-traditional students, for instance, students who enroll after working for some time, or students who study part-time and work part-time. By 2000, 50% of college students were 25 years or older and 43% were part-time.。

英美国家概况Unit 7 British Education System (英国的教育体制)

* after 5 years of secondary schooling, at about age 16, except Scottish students, the students sit their GCSE exams (General Certificate of Secondary Education)中学毕业证书考试
7. The National Curriculum (全国教学大纲)
8. public school {(英国的) 私立中学}
9. GCSE General Certificate of Secondary Education (中学毕业证书)
10. GCE-A General Certificate of Education ---Advanced (高级水平测试结业证书)
3. The influence of the church on schooling (教会对于学校教育的影响)
4. The 1944 Education Act (1944年的教育法)
5. Comprehensive school {<英>(招收学生时不分资质的)综合中学}
6. Grammar school (文法学校)
1) class inequality can be erased or continued according to educational policy（教育政策可以铲除地位的不平等，也可以使这种不平等继续存在。这说明在英国，是否受到良好教育直接影响到你的社会地位）
2) the school tie is a clear marker of social class
“The three R’s” (“reading, ’riting and ’rithmetic”) — to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will need to become active members of society and also to socialise children, teaching them rules and values needed to become good citizens, to participate in the community, an to contribute to the economic prosperity of an advanced industrial economy.

Education in the United Kingdom

Education System in the United Kingdom英美概况1班The United Kingdom is a country with a long tradition of national education. After hundreds of years of evolution, British education system is quite complete and complex. Nowadays, the British education system is run by the state, which provides funding and tries to insure that all British children receive a quality education.Generally speaking, the British education system could be briefly divided into four stages: primary, secondary, further and higher education. Primary and secondary education is compulsory for all children between the age 5 and 16. Primary school is usually from age 5 to 11, and secondary school is between age 11 and 16. Further education is voluntary and includes all education provided after the ends of fulltime schooling. Some students go to university to take higher education after the age of 18. The following part of this paper is the detail of education system in the United Kingdom.1. Primary educationEducation is free for all children from 5 to 16 in Britain. Full-time education is compulsory for all children aged between 5 and 16 across the country. This can be provided by state schools, independent schools, or home schooling.The curriculum offered in primary school including reading, writing, arithmetic, history, science, arts and the legally required courses in religion. And there are examinations to check on the development of each child. Primary school education attaches to students’ questioning, cultivating, and independent thinking, it puts the equality between teachers and students on the important position, also it cultivates students’ own opinions.There are many opportunities for students to contact with the nature or play with sand and water. In order to give young children a sustained contact with on teacher, usually one teacher is responsible for organizing the whole day’s lessons and has to teach all the subjects.2. Secondary schoolAll the children must receive secondary education after finishing their primary education at the age of eleven. Students in Britain could choose comprehensive school, grammar school or independent school. Comprehensive school and grammar school are state funded school, while independent schools are fee-paying private school.2.1 Comprehensive schoolAbout 90 percent of British pupils attend comprehensive schools. A comprehensive school is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. Students can study everything from academic subjects like literature and sciences, to more practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.2.2 Grammar schoolPupils who show academic potential are selected through an examination called “the 11-plus”to study in grammar school. Grammar school is very highly selective schools. For example, in some parts of England, as few as 2% of 11-year olds may attend grammar schools. They concentrate their study on advanced academic work rather than the more general curriculum of the comprehensive school.2.3 Public schoolThere are also a group of older, more expensive and exclusive fee-paying private independent schools in the United Kingdom named public school. The term "public" is derived from the fact that these schools are open to pupils regardless of where they live or their religion. Eton College is one of the most famous public schools in the United Kingdom. Almost all the pupils of Eton College go on to study A levels, and a quarter of its students will go to Oxford and Cambridge.The main examination that all students should take in secondary school is the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE). GCSE is taken at the end of compulsory education at the age of 16. All the students are required to take it. And the results often help the students and their parents to make a choice whether they will go to college or not. Many students who fail to get a C in English and Mathematics will retake their GCSEs in those subjects at a later date, in order to take further education (A-levels) at a sixth form college.3. Further educationFurther education in the United Kingdom is an education at a higher level than secondary school, usually provided in distinct institutions such as universities. It is usually a means to attain an intermediate qualification necessary to attend university, or begin a specific career path.About 70 percent of 16 year old students choose to continue in full-time education. Some students continue in the same school for a further two years of study in the “six form”. After two years study, three or four subjects are taken in the examination of the General Certificate ofEducation-Advanced level (GCE A level). This is the main examination required for university entrance.Unlike China, there is no national entrance examination of any sort in Britain. In the third term of Year 12, students prepare their applications to university. Applications are than made in the term of the Year 13 through one centralized organization known as UCAS (Universities and Colleges Admissions Service). Students can apply to a maximum of six universities or institutions, and universities enroll students according to their applications.4. Higher educationHigher education has a long history in Britain. And there are about 130 schools all across the country. British universities enjoy almost complete autonomy from national or local government in their administration and the determination of their curricula, despite the fact that the schools receive nearly all of their funding from the state. Universities can mainly be divided into four groups: the old universities, redbrick university, the new universities and the open universities.4.1 Old universities:The old universities refer to those founded before 1600. Oxford and Cambridge are the two oldest and most famous universities in Britain, dating from 1249 and 1284. Until the 19th century, they are the only 2 universities in England.4.2 Redbrick universityRedbrick university is an informal term used to refer to six civic universities founded in the major industrial cities of England. The University of Liverpool is considered to be the original "redbrick" institution, because its main building is built from a distinctive red pressed brick. This kind of university includes the University of Birmingham, University of Manchester, University of Sheffield, University of Leeds, and so on. The distinctive feature of these universities is that they concentrate on “real-world” skills, often linked to engineering.4.3 New universitiesThe new university, also named plate glass university, refer to those universities founded since the World War two. These institutions are more often called post-1992 universities and sometimes modern universities. They have their own independent and modern approaches to teaching.4.4 The Open UniversityA bold and imaginative step in adult education is the creation of the Open University whichwas founded in 1969. The university is notable for having an open entry policy, and many of its courses can be studied off-campus anywhere. It’s open to everybody and doesn’t demand the same formal educational qualifications as the other universities. Open University courses are following through TV, videos, correspondence and a net work of study centers. After study at the Open University, qualified students are awarded a university degree.SummaryBritish government pays much attention on the design and development of their education system. The system is famous all around the word and plays an important role in the development of the country. What’s more, the British education system aims to educate the whole person, so that each child develops his or her personality as well as gaining academic knowledge. To complete our Chinese education system, much can be learned from the United Kingdom.WYCReferences：/wiki/Grammar_school#Contemporary_British_grammar_schools/wiki/Independent_school_(United_Kingdom)/wiki/Eton_College#Overview/wiki/General_Certificate_of_Secondary_Education/wiki/Comprehensive_School#United_Kingdom/wiki/Further_education/wiki/Red_Brick_university。

英美概况EducationinGreatBritain

l By the end of the war (1914-1918) the school-leaving age was raise years old!
ABritish school a t the end of t 19th Century
Questions…
• In 1918, there was some r e s i s t a n c e fro working-class families to the raising the s c h o o l - leaving a g e . Why?
• Adifference i n B r i t i s h c l a s s systems as compa with China or America i s t h a t there i s s t i l l an aristocracy. There are people with t i t l e s suc barons and dukes.
l By 1880 the government had taken more responsibility for the educa of a l l children and made i t compulsory that children, attend scho the ages of 5 to 10. This was the f i r s t action in accommodating the to have a (highly) educated population, i f the country was to be a economic and industrial force.
• Middle c l a s s students had more f r e e time and b e t t e r access to help than working class stude They also valued education more.

英美概况(11)英国教育

State Schools
State schools ---- complete system of primary and secondary schools, Free to all children between the ages of 5—16
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
Administration of Education Text (P.122-123) LEA Administration of Higher Education
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Universities terms are short and have religious names. (P.122) Two other forms of higher education (P.132)
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Independent schools Two categories
Secondary Higher education
State schools
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries

education 英美国家概况教学课件

4. The Curriculum
All British schools - State & Independent are required to follow the National Curriculum guidelines set down by the government.
Standard Achievement Tests (SAT’s) are administered at 7, 11 and 14 years to assess
each student’s progress.
Generally, Independent Schools provide a broader curriculum than that required by law
III. Basic Structure of British Education System
State Schools in Britain Under the old system: Grammar schools, secondary moderns, and
technicals New system: comprehensive schools
Independent: private Experimental schools Public schools: 16th and 17th centuries -Harrow, Eton, Winchester and Marlborough -Leading figures in British political,
commercial and military life
2. School Education
Schooling is compulsory between the ages of 5 and 16 years : total of 11 years

英美概况5 British education

• •
•
Approximately 7% of English schoolchildren attend privately run independent schools, some of which are called "public schools". Education at independent schools is usually chargeable. Such schools, some of which are boarding schools, cover primary and secondary education and charge between £2500 and £30000 per year. Some schools offer scholarships for those with particular skills or aptitudes to allow less well-off students to attend. The Education Act requires parents to ensure their children are educated either by attending school or otherwise. Small but increasing numbers of parents are choosing the otherwise option. This style of education is often referred to as Elective Home Education. The education can take many different forms ranging from homeschooling 家庭教育 where a school style curriculum is followed at home to unschooling 非学校教育. Parents do not need permission to educate their own children. There is no requirement to follow the National Curriculum or to give formal lessons. Parents do not need to be qualified teachers, or to follow school hours or terms. Parents who choose to educate their children otherwise than at school have to finance the education provision themselves.

unit5Britisheducation英美概况.ppt

优秀课件，精彩ho do not attend
优秀课件，精彩无限！
5
But the purpose of the British education system is also to socialize children. Children are taught practical skills; but in school they also learn the rules and values they need to become good citizens, to participate in the community, and to contribute to the economic prosperity of an advanced industrial economy.
优秀课件，精彩无限！
8
From the age of 11 up to around the age of 19, students attend secondary schools. More than 80% of pupils in secondary schools in England and Wales attend mixed schools; 60% in Northern Ireland; Scotland, nearly all.
between the ages of 5 and 16 Comprehensive schools(综合学校) introduced in
the 1960s
National Curriculum（全国性课程） introduced in
1988
Four stages:
▪primary ▪secondary ▪further education ▪higher education

英美概况education

A Guide to English-Speaking
Countries
Famous Universities
Top 10 Britain University in 2007
1. University of Cambridge
剑桥大学
2. University of Oxford
牛津大学
3. Imperial College (London) 帝国学院（伦敦）
State Schools
comprehensive school(综合制中学) secondary modern school(现代中学) grammar school（文法学校）
Public Schools
❖ In the UK private schools are confusingly called public schools!
❖ Verney Park Campus
❖ Chandos Road Campus
Oxford University
Oxford
❖ A Brief History : Teaching existed at Oxford in some form in 1096 and developed rapidly from 1167.
The old Universities
• British universities have a long history; Oxford and Cambridge in England were founded in the 12th & 13th centuries.
Glasgow University
❖ High tuition fees + large quantity of social endowments = affording smaller classes + better faculty (with nice salaries)

【英美概况】【课堂笔记】美国教育education-in-the-USA

EDUCATION IN THE USAGoing to School in America TodayAmerican education has the goal of achieving universal literacy and to provide individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to promote both their own individual welfare as well as that of the society.About 90% of American students attend public schools and the other 10% attend private schools. Most private schools are run the churches, synagogues or other religious groups; these schools teach about their religion as well as the usual subjects such as mathematics, English, science, history and geography.The costs involved in providing education are very high and therefore it is constantly under review by governments and by citizens. The spending of money is guided by boards of education at the state and district level. The same is true for decisions about school curriculum, teacher standards and certification, and the measurement of student progress.Education - A Local MatterEducation is mainly in the hands of the states and local governments; it is not controlled by the federal government.Each child in America is guaranteed 13 years education, regardless of the child’s race, sex, religion, learning problems, physical handicap or inability to speak English. Each of the 50 states in the USA has its own laws concerning education such as the school leaving-age of students.Americans like to educate their children about major public concerns, such as environmental pollution, nuclear issues, crimes and drugs. Boards of education can add courses to the curriculum, if they think that they are important for the students.What an American Student LearnsThere is no national curriculum in the USA but there are some subjects that maybe taught to all students from kindergarten to grade 12.Elementary school•Elementary school usually means all grades from kindergartenthrough to grade 8.•Almost every elementary school teaches the following subjects:mathematics, English, penmanship, science, social studies (a subject that includes history, geography, citizenship and economics) and the use of computers.依F ELL AR Sm eSecondary school (high school)Secondary school generally means grades 9 to 12. The core subjects required to be taught in secondary schools are English, mathematics, science, social studies and physical education.In addition to the required subjects, the student can to choose elective courses. For instance, if theycomplete the required work in American History, they are then able to take additional history related units such as European History and World Political Issues.Students can be guided in their choice of electives by school counsellors, who can suggest electives ranging from very specialized academicsubjects to those that are more vocational in nature. Some secondary schools specialize in particular types of subjects such as business education, foreign languages or industrial trades.At all levels of education, students are expected to work hard, complete assignments, complete homework and show respect to their teachers and professors.Higher EducationAbout 33% of high school student graduates go on to higher education. The system of higher education in the USA is complex. It comprises four categories of institutions:1.The university - which offers bachelor’s degrees, master’s degreesand doctoral degrees.2. The college - which only offers four-year bachelor’s degrees, thissort of college is not part of a university.3.the technical training institution - which offers a wide range ofcourses, some short and others up to four years, and where students can learn a variety of technical skills ranging from hairdressing tobusiness accounting.4.The two-year community college - where students study for 2 yearsfor a qualification which then allows them to go on and completetheir degree (another two years) at a university.Some Bachelor level degrees have an emphasis on developing a well-rounded person and some Bachelor degrees are directly aimed at a particular career path.Many universities have gained a strong reputation for the high quality of their educational programs. Some of the most prestigious universities receive a very large number of applications, and to get a place at one of these prestigious universities is very difficult.Factors that determine the status of the university are: •Quality of the teaching•Quality of research done there (very important) •Amount of funding available for libraries•Number of applicants for admission•Quality of facilitiesThe most desirable universities are usually the most expensive but their graduates have a distinct advantage when it comes to finding employment.University for AllAfter World War 2 the government passed a law offering financial assistance to returned soldiers (veterans) who wished to go to higher education colleges. Many veterans took up the opportunity, because they thoughtthat it would improve their chances of getting a good job.This changed the image of who should go to college. Previously, only a small percentage of school-leavers were accepted by colleges and universities. After the veterans started attending college, many other groups also started to attend college. For instance, the enrolment of women and African-American students greatly increased after this.By this time, racial segregation had been deemed unconstitutional, and the opportunities for African- American students to enter higher education improved dramatically.About the photo: A Fort Myer, Virginia school September 8, 1954 taken shortly after a unanimous ruling that segregation in education was inherently unequal as a result of the case of Brown vs. the Board of Education.)Universities and colleges went on to develop ways to give school leavers greater access to their programs. For example, many universities changed their entrance requirements, so that they not only took students, high school performance and entrance scores intoconsideration, but also their the talents, voluntary activities and “life experiences” .What success did these programs have?•American students have become an increasingly diversegroup.•By 2000 there were 128 women for every 100 men inhigher education.•Also by 2000, for every 100 master’s degrees awarded tomen, there were 138 awarded to womenUniversities and colleges were enrolling an increasing number of non-traditional students, for instance, students who enroll after working for some time, or students who study part-time and work part-time. By 2000, 50% of college students were 25 years or older and 43% were part-time.。

英美概况Education in Britain and America11

– 2)Eleven-plus
In the past children were allocated to different secondary schools on the basis of selection tests taken at the age of 11. This was known as eleven-plus.
• 2. Nature of schools, colleges and universities
• Some schools, colleges and universities are public and others are private.
• Public schools are created, financially supported and governed by states or
3. Higher education
– 1)There are some 90 universities, including the Open University.
– 2) Higher education is not compulsory and students have to pay tuition and fees
3) Comprehensive Secondary School
• A. takes pupils without reference to ability or aptitude
• B. provide a wide-ranging secondary education for all or most of the children in a district.
• b. requires pupils to get the General Certificate of education at “A” level;

英美概况Chapter-4--Education

Focal Questions
What do you think are among the most outstanding changes in the English education system since the 19th century?
What does the “streaming” system mean to you? Do you think the system is reasonable? Why?
In 1999 85% of children attended comprehensive schools while 15% went to remaining gr. schools or private schools, problems of streaming still remain, holding back of brighter students, unjustified labelling
regular exams -- National Tests at 7, 11, 14 (p58) Introduction of CTCs -- sponsors & main focus of curriculum More power given to schools to run their affairs within the framework of national curriculum
Specialist schools (England only)
A1 Change and Reform cont.
Recent reforms -- 1988 Education Reform Act National Curriculum for 5 – 16 year-olds and

英美国家概况education

Different schools have different sources of income
State-run school: completely funded
by the government
Private school (prep and public school): rely on tuition and fees paid by
The Comprehensive Secondary School
Age 5----primary school(6 years)-----11 years old------the comprehensive secondary school----16 years old------have examination
CCE at “O”level, if passed, they transfer to Grammar school.
Problems!!!!
Most of the grammar schools are run on public fund, the early division of pupils for different secondary schools has met with much criticism.
at least one year of study Doctor ‘s degree is hard, give to someone who
has made new discovery in research Oxford and Cambridge
Many critics argue that one “eleven plus” can not exactly tell which people have the greatest academic potential.

大三上学期英美概况第六讲education

The United States of America
Education 授课人：席晓青
Ⅰ Education
1. General view to American Education
2. Ideals of American Education
3. Educational System
General View 100,000 elementary and secondary schools for 70 million young Americans 12 grades for elementary and secondary schooling: 5 h/d and 5 d/w 2 to 4 years for colleges and universities public (90%) and private schools (10%) $200,000 million of expenses annually
College—undergraduate institution conferring a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) or a Bachelor of Sciences (B.S.) degree University—a group of colleges, each serving a special purpose Functions of higher education
equal rights for education (1954: forbade segregation) compulsory "inquiry" method of Learning
2. Ideals of American Education

unit 5 British_education(1) 英美概况

•(Free to all children between the ages of 5—16)
Independent system—Public schools 6%
•(Parents pay for their children's education)

National curriculum:

Pupils who hope to attend university carry on their academic study in the sixth form for a further two years and then sit A-levels exams (General Certificate of Education-Advanced). Most pupils try to achieve 3 or 4 Alevels in the subjects they are most proficient at. Since admittance to universities depends largely on Alevel results, the two years spent in the Sixth Form are very important and often very stressful for British pupils.

Those children who do not attend comprehensive schools attend grammar schools instead. Grammar schools select children, usually at the age of 11, through an examination called "the 11-plus". Those who show academic potential are admitted to the grammar schools where the emphasis is on advanced academic work rather than the more general curriculum of the comprehensive schools..

英美概况education

新编英美概况 美国教育 英文PPT..

英美概况unit6education

《英语国家概况》-Chapter20Education

【英美概况】【课堂笔记】美国教育education-in-the-USA

英美国家概况Unit 7 British Education System (英国的教育体制)

Education in the United Kingdom

英美概况EducationinGreatBritain

英美概况(11)英国教育

education 英美国家概况 教学课件

英美概况5 British education

unit5Britisheducation英美概况.ppt

英美概况education

【英美概况】【课堂笔记】美国教育education-in-the-USA

英美概况Education in Britain and America11

英美概况Chapter-4--Education

英美国家概况education

大三上学期英美概况第六讲education

unit 5 British_education(1) 英美概况

新编英美概况美国教育英文PPT..

education 英美国家概况教学课件