2009年高考试题——安徽理综化学部分

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2009年高考安徽理综化学部分

2009年全国高等学校招生统一考试（安徽卷）理科综合能力测试（化学部分）可能用到的相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 O-16 S-32 Cr-52 Fe-567.石墨烯是由碳原子构成的单层片状结构的新材料（结构示意图如下），可由石墨剥离而成，具有极好的应用前景。

下列说法正确的是A.石墨烯与石墨互为同位素B.0.12g石墨烯中含6.02×1022个碳原子C.石墨烯是一种有机物D.石墨烯中碳原子间以共价键结合8.北京奥运会期间对大量盆栽鲜花施用了S－诱抗素制剂，以保持鲜花盛开。

S －诱抗素的分子结构如图，下列关于该分子说法正确的是A.含有碳碳双键、羟基、羰基、羧基B.含有苯环、羟基、羰基、羧基C.含有羟基、羰基、羧基、酯基D.含有碳碳双键、苯环、羟基、羰基9.下列选用的相关仪器符合实验要求的是10.在溶液中能大量共存的一组离子或分子是A.NH4+、H+、NO3-、HCO3- B.K+、Al3+、SO42-、NH3·H2OC.Na+、K+、SO32-、Cl2D.Na+、CH3COO-、CO32-、OH-11.汽车尾气净化的一个反应如下：NO（g）＋CO（g）1/2N2(g)+CO2(g) △H＝－373.4kJ·mol-1在恒容的密闭容器中，反应达平衡后，改变某一条件，下列示意图正确的是12.Cu2O是一种半导体的材料，基于绿色化学理念设计的制取Cu2O的电解池示意图如下，电解总反应为：2Cu＋H2O Cu2O＋H2↑。

下列说法正确的是A.石墨电极上产生氢气B.铜电极发生还原反应C.铜电极接直流电源的负极D.当有0.1mol电子转移时，有0.1mol Cu2O生成13.向体积为Va 的0.05mol·L-1CH3COOH溶液中加入体积为Vb的0.05mol·L-1KOH溶液，下列关系错误的是A. Va ＞Vb时：c(CH3COOH)+c(CH3COO-)＞c(K+)B. Va ＝Vb时:c(CH3COOH)+c(H+)=c(OH-)C. Va ＜Vb时:c(CH3COO-)＞c(K+)＞c(OH-)＞c(H+)D. Va 与Vb任意比时：c(K+)+c(H+)= c(CH3COO-)+c(OH-)25.（17分）W、X、Y、Z是周期表前36号中的四种元素，其原子序数增大。

2009年高考全国理综化学II卷答案

2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试试卷答案（全国2）理科综合（化学部分）本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

第Ⅰ卷1至5页，第Ⅱ卷6至14页。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名，准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上指定位置。

2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔将答题卡上，对应题目的答案标号涂写，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号，答在试题卷上无效。

3. 非选择题用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔答在答题卡上每题对应的答题区域内，答在试题卷上无效。

4. 考试结束，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题）本卷共21小题，每小题6分，共126分。

以下数据可供解题时参考：相对原子质量（原子量）：H – 1 C – 12 N – 14 O - 16第Ⅰ卷（选择题）本卷共21小题，每小题6分，共126分。

以下数据可供解题时参考：相对原子质量（原子量）：H – 1 C – 12 N – 14 O - 16一、选择题（本题共13小题。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

）6. 物质的量之比为2：5的锌与稀硝酸反应，若硝酸被还原的产物为N 2O ，反应结束后锌没有剩余，则该反应中被还原的硝酸与未被还原的硝酸的物质的量之比是 A. 1：4 B.1：5 C. 2：3 D.2：5 答案A【解析】设2m o lZ n 参与反应7.下列关于溶液和胶体的叙述，正确的是 A. 溶液是电中性的，胶体是带电的 B. 通电时，溶液中的溶质粒子分别向两极移动，胶体中的分散质粒子向某一极移动 C. 溶液中溶质粒子的运动有规律，胶体中分散质粒子的运动无规律，即布朗运动 D. 一束光线分别通过溶液和胶体时，后者会出现明显的光带，前者则没有答案D 【解析】胶体本身是不带电，只是其表面积较大，吸附了溶液中的离子而带了电荷，故A 项错；溶液中的溶质，要看能否电离，若是非电解质，则不导电，也即不会移动，B 项错；溶液中溶质粒子没有规律，C 项错；丁达尔效应可以用来区分溶液和胶体，D 项正确。

2009年安徽省高考理综试题及答案(word版含答案)

2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（安徽卷）理科综合能力测试本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第n卷（非选择）两部分，第一卷第1页至第5页，第n卷第6页至第12页。

全卷满分300分。

考生注意事项：1. 答题前，务必在试题卷、答题卡规定的地方填写自己的姓名、座位号，并认真核对答题卡上所粘贴的条形码中姓名、座位号与本人姓名、座位号是否一致。

务必在答题卡背面规定的地方填写姓名和座位号后两位。

For pers onal use only in study and research; not for commercial use2. 答第一卷时，每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

3. 答第二卷时，必须使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上.书写，要求字体工整、笔迹清晰。

作图题可先用铅笔在答题卡.规定的位置给出，确认后再用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔描清楚。

必须在题号所指示的答题区域作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、.... 草稿纸上答题无效。

4. 考试结束，务必将试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

For personal use only in study and research; not forcommercialuse第I卷本卷共20小题，每小题6分，共120分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

以下数据可供解题时参考：For pers onal use only in study and research; not for commercial use相对原子质量（原子量）：H 1 C 12 O 16 S 12 Cr 52 Fe 561. 叶绿体是植物进行光合作用的场所。

下列关于叶绿体结构与功能的叙述，正确的是A. 叶绿体中的色素主要分布在类囊体腔内B. For pers onal use only in study and research; not for commercial useC.C. H2O在光下分解为［H］和02的过程发生在基质中D. CO2的固定过程发生在类囊体薄膜上E. 光合作用的产物一一淀粉是在基质中合成的2. 细胞的分化、衰老和凋亡是普遍存在的生命现象。

2009年全国高考2卷理综解析

2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试试题卷理科综合解析一．选择1.答案D【解析】细胞呼吸是活细胞都进行的一项生命活动，必须在酶的催化作用下进行；酵母菌在有氧的条件下，把葡萄糖分解成二氧化碳和水，无氧的条件下把葡萄糖分解成酒精和二氧化碳。

因此D错误。

2.答案B【解析】血钙含量降低会引起肌肉抽搐，血钙含量高会引起肌肉乏力。

依题意，甲状旁腺素和降钙素对血钙的调节表现为拮抗作用。

由于体液的调节作用，人体血钙浓度处于动态平衡。

食物中的钙可以通过消化道吸收进入血液，维生素A和维生素D可以促进钙的吸收。

所以B 错误。

3.答案B【解析】多细胞生物体内的细胞总是在不断地更新着，总有一部分细胞处于衰老或走向死亡的状态，因此胚胎发育过程中也会有细胞衰老。

变态发育指成体与幼体在形态上的差别比较大，而这种形态的改变又是集中在短期内完成的，因此B不正确。

细胞分化发生在整个生命进程中，在胚胎时期达到最大程度。

原肠胚中胚层的细胞可以发育为皮肤的表皮，感觉器官，神经系统，内胚层发育为呼吸道的上皮、消化道上皮、肝脏及胰腺，其它的基本都是由中胚层发育而来。

4.答案C【解析】甲型H1N1病毒和人流感病毒具有相同的抗原决定簇，所以接种人流感疫苗能够预防甲型H1N1流感。

故选C。

5.答案D【解析】蚂蚁取食蚜虫分泌的蜜露属于捕食，菜粉蝶幼虫与蜜蜂采食的是油菜的不同部位，不构成竞争关系；细菌与噬菌体是寄生。

培养瓶中的两种绿藻构成竞争关系。

所以选D 。

二．解答题31.答案（1）A（2）B 两种植物光合作用强度对CO2浓度变化的响应特性不同，在低浓度CO2条件下，CB植物利用CO2进行光合作用的能力弱，积累光合产物少，故随着玻璃罩中CO2浓度的降低，B植物生长首先受到影响。

（3）光合作用固定的CO2量与呼吸释放的CO2量相等【解析】⑴依题意，在CO2浓度为300μL·L-1时，A植物CO2净固定量较B植物多，因此，此时A植物光合作用强度较B植物高。

【高考试卷】2009年安徽省高考化学试卷

2009年安徽省高考化学试卷一、选择题1．（3分）（2009•安徽）石墨烯是由碳原子构成的单层片状结构的新材料（结构示意图如下），可由石墨剥离而成，具有极好的应用前景．下列说法正确的是（）A．石墨烯与石墨互为同位素B．0.12g石墨烯中含有6.02×1022个碳原子C．石墨烯是一种有机物D．石墨烯中的碳原子间以共价键结合2．（3分）（2009•安徽）北京奥运会期间对大量盆栽鲜花施用了S﹣诱抗素制剂，以保证鲜花盛开，S﹣诱抗素的分子结构如图，下列关于该分子说法正确的是（）A．含有碳碳双键、羟基、羰基、羧基B．含有苯环、羟基、羰基、羧基C．含有羟基、羰基、羧基、酯基D．含有碳碳双键、苯环、羟基、羰基3．（3分）（2009•安徽）下列选用的相关仪器符合实验要求的是（）存放浓硝酸分离水和乙酸乙酯准确量取9.50mL水实验室制取乙烯4．（3分）（2009•安徽）在溶液中能大量共存的一组离子或分子是（）A．NH4+、H +、NO3﹣、HCO3﹣ B．K+、Al3+、NH3•H2OC．Na+、Fe2+、Cl2D．Na+、CH3COO﹣、OH﹣5．（3分）（2009•安徽）汽车尾气净化中的一个反应如下：NO（g）+CO（g）⇌N2（g）+CO2（g）△H=﹣373.4kJ•mol﹣1．在恒容的密闭容器中，反应达到平衡后，改变某一条件，下列示意图正确的是（）A．B．C．D．6．（3分）（2009•安徽）Cu2O是一种半导体材料，基于绿色化学理念设计的制取Cu2O的电解池示意图如图，电解总反应：2Cu+H2O Cu2O+H2↑．下列说法正确的是（）A．石墨电极上产生氢气B．铜电极发生还原反应C．铜电极接直流电源的负极D．当有0.1mol电子转移时，有0.1molCu2O生成7．（3分）（2009•安徽）向体积为V a的0.05mol•L﹣1CH3COOH溶液中加入体积为V b的0.05mol•L﹣1KOH溶液，下列关系错误的是（）A．V a＞V b时：c（CH3COOH）+c（CH3COO﹣）＞c（K+）B．V a=V b时：c（CH3COOH）+c（H+）=c（OH﹣）C．V a＜V b时：c（CH3COO﹣）＞c（K+）＞c（OH﹣）＞c（H+）D．V a与V b任意比时：c（K+）+c（H+）=c（OH﹣）+c（CH3COO﹣）二、填空题8．（2009•安徽）W、X、Y、Z是周期表前36号元素中的四种常见元素，其原子序数依次增大．W、Y的氧化物是导致酸雨的主要物质，X的基态原子核外有7个原子轨道填充了电子，Z能形成红色（或砖红色）的和黑色的ZO两种氧化物．（1）W位于元素周期表第周期第族．W的气态氢化物稳定性比H2O（g）（填“强”或“弱”）．（2）Y的基态原子核外电子排布式是，Y的第一电离能比X的（填“大”或“小”）．（3）Y的最高价氧化物对应水化物的浓溶液与Z的单质反应的化学方程式是．（4）已知下列数据Fe（s）+O2（g）=FeO（s）△H=﹣272.0KJ•mol﹣1①2X（s）+O2（g）=X2O3（s）△H=﹣1675.7KJ•mol﹣1 ②则X的单质和FeO反应的热化学方程式是．9．（2009•安徽）是一种医药中间体，常用来制备抗凝血药，可通过下列路线合成：（1）A与银氨溶液反应有银镜生成，则A的结构简式是（2）B→C的反应类型是（3）E的结构简式是（4）写出F和过量NaOH溶液共热时反应的化学方程式：（5）下列关于G的说法正确的是a．能与溴单质反应b．能与金属钠反应c．1molG最多能和3mol氢气反应d．分子式是C9H6O3．10．（2009•安徽）某厂废水中含5.00×10﹣3mol•L﹣1的Cr2O72﹣，其毒性较大．某研究性学习小组为了变废为宝，将废水处理得到磁性材料Cr0.5Fe1.5FeO4（Fe的化合价依次为+3、+2），设计了如下实验流程：（1）第①步反应的离子方程式是（2）第②步中用pH试纸测定溶液pH的操作是（3）第②步过滤得到的滤渣中主要成分除Cr（OH）3外，还有（4）欲使1 L该废水中的Cr2O72﹣完全转化为Cr0.5Fe1.5FeO4．理论上需要加入g FeSO4•7H2O．11．（2009•安徽）Fenton法常用于处理含难降解有机物的工业废水，通常是在调节好PH和浓度的废水中加入H2O2，所产生的羟基自由基能氧化降解污染物．现运用该方法降解有机污染物p﹣CP，探究有关因素对该降解反应速率的影响．[实验设计]控制p﹣CP的初始浓度相同，恒定实验温度在298K或313K（其余实验条件见下表），设计如下对比试验．（2）请根据如图实验①曲线，计算降解反应在50～150s内的反应速率：（p﹣CP）= mol•L﹣1•s﹣1[解释与结论]（3）实验①、②表明温度升高，降解反应速率增大．但温度过高时反而导致降解反应速率减小，请从Fenton法所用试剂H2O2的角度分析原因：（4）实验③得出的结论是：pH值等于10时，[思考与交流]（5）实验时需在不同时间从反应器中取样，并使所取样品中的反应立即停止下来．根据上图中的信息，给出一种迅速停止反应的方法：．2009年安徽省高考化学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题1．（3分）（2009•安徽）石墨烯是由碳原子构成的单层片状结构的新材料（结构示意图如下），可由石墨剥离而成，具有极好的应用前景．下列说法正确的是（）A．石墨烯与石墨互为同位素B．0.12g石墨烯中含有6.02×1022个碳原子C．石墨烯是一种有机物石墨含碳原子数为石墨含2．（3分）（2009•安徽）北京奥运会期间对大量盆栽鲜花施用了S﹣诱抗素制剂，以保证鲜花盛开，S﹣诱抗素的分子结构如图，下列关于该分子说法正确的是（）A．含有碳碳双键、羟基、羰基、羧基B．含有苯环、羟基、羰基、羧基C．含有羟基、羰基、羧基、酯基3．（3分）（2009•安徽）下列选用的相关仪器符合实验要求的是（）4．（3分）（2009•安徽）在溶液中能大量共存的一组离子或分子是（）A．NH4+、H +、NO3﹣、HCO3﹣ B．K+、Al3+、NH3•H2O+2++﹣﹣5．（3分）（2009•安徽）汽车尾气净化中的一个反应如下：NO（g）+CO（g）⇌N2（g）+CO2（g）△H=﹣373.4kJ•mol﹣1．在恒容的密闭容器中，反应达到平衡后，改变某一条件，下列示意图正确的是（）A．B．C．D．6．（3分）（2009•安徽）Cu2O是一种半导体材料，基于绿色化学理念设计的制取Cu2O的电解池示意图如图，电解总反应：2Cu+H2O Cu2O+H2↑．下列说法正确的是（）A．石墨电极上产生氢气B．铜电极发生还原反应C．铜电极接直流电源的负极7．（3分）（2009•安徽）向体积为V a的0.05mol•L﹣1CH3COOH溶液中加入体积为V b的0.05mol•L﹣1KOH溶液，下列关系错误的是（）A．V a＞V b时：c（CH3COOH）+c（CH3COO﹣）＞c（K+）B．V a=V b时：c（CH3COOH）+c（H+）=c（OH﹣）C．V a＜V b时：c（CH3COO﹣）＞c（K+）＞c（OH﹣）＞c（H+）++﹣﹣二、填空题8．（2009•安徽）W、X、Y、Z是周期表前36号元素中的四种常见元素，其原子序数依次增大．W、Y的氧化物是导致酸雨的主要物质，X的基态原子核外有7个原子轨道填充了电子，Z能形成红色（或砖红色）的和黑色的ZO两种氧化物．（1）W位于元素周期表第二周期第ⅤA族．W的气态氢化物稳定性比H2O（g）弱（填“强”或“弱”）．（2）Y的基态原子核外电子排布式是1s22s22p63s23p4，Y的第一电离能比X的大（填“大”或“小”）．（3）Y的最高价氧化物对应水化物的浓溶液与Z的单质反应的化学方程式是2H2SO4（浓）+Cu CuSO4+SO2↑+2H2O．（4）已知下列数据Fe（s）+O2（g）=FeO（s）△H=﹣272.0KJ•mol﹣1①2X（s）+O2（g）=X2O3（s）△H=﹣1675.7KJ•mol﹣1 ②则X的单质和FeO反应的热化学方程式是Al（S）+FeO（S）+O2（g）=Al2O3（S）+Fe（S）△H=﹣565.85KJ/mol．原子的原子结构示意图为+Cu CuSO+Cu CuSOO2O2++Al9．（2009•安徽）是一种医药中间体，常用来制备抗凝血药，可通过下列路线合成：（1）A与银氨溶液反应有银镜生成，则A的结构简式是CH3CHO（2）B→C的反应类型是取代反应（3）E的结构简式是（4）写出F和过量NaOH溶液共热时反应的化学方程式：（5）下列关于G的说法正确的是abda．能与溴单质反应b．能与金属钠反应c．1molG最多能和3mol氢气反应d．分子式是C9H6O3．，的结构为为，故答案为：，故答案为：10．（2009•安徽）某厂废水中含5.00×10﹣3mol•L﹣1的Cr2O72﹣，其毒性较大．某研究性学习小组为了变废为宝，将废水处理得到磁性材料Cr0.5Fe1.5FeO4（Fe的化合价依次为+3、+2），设计了如下实验流程：（1）第①步反应的离子方程式是Cr2O72﹣+6Fe2++14H+=2Cr3++6Fe3++7H2O（2）第②步中用pH试纸测定溶液pH的操作是将一小块pH试纸放在表面皿上，用玻璃棒蘸取少量待测液，点在pH试纸上，再与标准比色卡对照．（3）第②步过滤得到的滤渣中主要成分除Cr（OH）3外，还有Fe（OH）3、Fe（OH）2（4）欲使1 L该废水中的Cr2O72﹣完全转化为Cr0.5Fe1.5FeO4．理论上需要加入13.9g FeSO4•7H2O．11．（2009•安徽）Fenton法常用于处理含难降解有机物的工业废水，通常是在调节好PH和浓度的废水中加入H2O2，所产生的羟基自由基能氧化降解污染物．现运用该方法降解有机污染物p﹣CP，探究有关因素对该降解反应速率的影响．[实验设计]控制p﹣CP的初始浓度相同，恒定实验温度在298K或313K（其余实验条件见下表），设计如下对比试验．[数据处理]实验测得p﹣CP的浓度随时间变化的关系如图．（2）请根据如图实验①曲线，计算降解反应在50～150s内的反应速率：（p﹣CP）=8.0×10﹣6mol•L﹣1•s﹣1[解释与结论]（3）实验①、②表明温度升高，降解反应速率增大．但温度过高时反而导致降解反应速率减小，请从Fenton法所用试剂H2O2的角度分析原因：过氧化氢在温度过高时迅速分解（4）实验③得出的结论是：pH值等于10时，反应速率趋向于零（或该降解反应趋于停止）[思考与交流]（5）实验时需在不同时间从反应器中取样，并使所取样品中的反应立即停止下来．根据上图中的信息，给出一种迅速停止反应的方法：将所取样品迅速加入到一定量的NaOH溶液中，使pH约为10或将所取样品骤冷．v=v==。

2009安徽化学高考真题

2009安徽化学高考真题
一、选择题部分
1. 下列有关物质性质的陈述，正确的是（）。

A. 水的气化热是0.320kJ/mol
B. 液态溴是银白色液体
C. 铂是有毒金属
D. 二氧化碳是气体
2. 与其他几元醇相比，结构中羟基数目较多的醇的溶解度较
（）。

A. 大
B. 小
C. 与其他几元醇相比无明显规律
D. 无固定规律
3. 以下关于ＭｇＣｌ２·６Ｈ２Ｏ和ＬｉＣｌ的溶解度的陈述，错误的是（）。

A. 它们的溶解度都随温度增加而增大
B. 它们在相同温度下溶解度相等
C. 它们的溶解度在４０℃下由大到小的顺序是
ＭｇＣｌ２·６Ｈ２Ｏ、ＭｇＣｌ２、ＬｉＣｌ
D. 它们的溶解度在生冰点时由小到大的顺序为
ＭｇＣｌ２·６Ｈ２Ｏ、ＬｉＣｌ、ＭｇＣｌ２
4. 下列关于酒石酸和甘油的化学式，正确的是（）。

A. Ｃ１０Ｈ１０Ｏ１５和Ｃ１０Ｈ１８Ｏ９
B. Ｃ４Ｈ６Ｏ６和Ｃ３Ｈ６Ｏ３
C. Ｃ２Ｈ６Ｏ６和Ｃ３Ｈ８Ｏ３
D. Ｃ６Ｈ１１０Ｏ５和Ｃ５Ｈ１０Ｏ５
5. 对于ＮａＣｌ的物理性质，下列一项不正确的是（）。

A. 扩大了氯化钠的形成
B. 重晶石结构
C. 自发分解
D. 剧毒
二、主观题部分
1. 试说明金的化学性质。

2. 试给出过氧化氢的制备方法，反应和应用。

3. 试解释硫氧化物生成硫酸和二氧化硫的反应。

4. 试解释氮的结构、性质和用途。

5. 试叙述甲醇的制备方法。

2009年高考安徽卷化学试题与解析(精校版)-推荐下载

解析】A 第 12 题主要考查的是电化学中电解池的知识，题目比较新颖，但是比较简单，学生可
对全部高中资料试卷电气设备，在安装过程中以及安装结束后进行高中资料试卷调整试验；通电检查所有设备高中资料电试力卷保相护互装作置用调与试相技互术关，系电通，力1根保过据护管生高线产中0不工资仅艺料可高试以中卷解资配决料置吊试技顶卷术层要是配求指置，机不对组规电在范气进高设行中备继资进电料行保试空护卷载高问与中题带资2负料2，荷试而下卷且高总可中体保资配障料置2试时32卷，3各调需类控要管试在路验最习；大题对限到设度位备内。进来在行确管调保路整机敷使组设其高过在中程正资1常料中工试，况卷要下安加与全强过，看度并25工且52作尽22下可护都能1关可地于以缩管正小路常故高工障中作高资；中料对资试于料卷继试连电卷接保破管护坏口进范处行围理整，高核或中对者资定对料值某试，些卷审异弯核常扁与高度校中固对资定图料盒纸试位，卷置编工.写况保复进护杂行层设自防备动腐与处跨装理接置，地高尤线中其弯资要曲料避半试免径卷错标调误高试高等方中，案资要，料求编试技5写、卷术重电保交要气护底设设装。备备置管4高调、动线中试电作敷资高气，设料中课并技3试资件且、术卷料中拒管试试调绝路包验卷试动敷含方技作设线案术，技槽以来术、及避管系免架统不等启必多动要项方高方案中式；资，对料为整试解套卷决启突高动然中过停语程机文中。电高因气中此课资，件料电中试力管卷高壁电中薄气资、设料接备试口进卷不行保严调护等试装问工置题作调，并试合且技理进术利行，用过要管关求线运电敷行力设高保技中护术资装。料置线试做缆卷到敷技准设术确原指灵则导活：。。在对对分于于线调差盒试动处过保，程护当中装不高置同中高电资中压料资回试料路卷试交技卷叉术调时问试，题技应，术采作是用为指金调发属试电隔人机板员一进，变行需压隔要器开在组处事在理前发；掌生同握内一图部线纸故槽资障内料时，、，强设需电备要回制进路造行须厂外同家部时出电切具源断高高习中中题资资电料料源试试，卷卷线试切缆验除敷报从设告而完与采毕相用，关高要技中进术资行资料检料试查，卷和并主检且要测了保处解护理现装。场置设。备高中资料试卷布置情况与有关高中资料试卷电气系统接线等情况，然后根据规范与规程规定，制定设备调试高中资料试卷方案。

2009年全国高考理综试题及答案-安徽卷

2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（安徽卷）理科综合能力测试本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择）两部分.第一卷第1页至第5页.第Ⅱ卷第6页至第12页。

全卷满分300分。

考生注意事项：1、答题前.务必在试题卷、答题卡规定的地方填写自己的姓名、座位号.并认真核对答题卡上所粘贴的条形码中姓名、座位号与本人姓名、座位号是否一致。

务必在答题卡背面规定的地方填写姓名和座位号后两位。

2、答第一卷时.每小题选出答案后.用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动.用橡皮擦干净后.再选涂其他答案标号。

3、答第二卷时.必须使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上．．．．书写.要求字体工整、笔迹清晰。

作图题可先用铅笔在答题卡．．．规定的位置给出.确认后再用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔描清楚。

必须在题号所指示的答题区域作答.超出答题区域书写的答案无效．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．.．在试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效．．．．．．．．。

4、考试结束.务必将试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第Ⅰ卷本卷共20小题.每小题6分.共120分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中.只有一项是符合题目要求的。

以下数据可供解题时参考：相对原子质量（原子量）：H 1 C 12 O 16 S 12 Cr 52 Fe 561、叶绿体是植物进行光合作用的场所。

下列关于叶绿体结构与功能的叙述.正确的是A.叶绿体中的色素主要分布在类囊体腔内B.H2O在光下分解为[H]和O2的过程发生在基质中C.CO2的固定过程发生在类囊体薄膜上D.光合作用的产物——淀粉是在基质中合成的答案：D解析：叶绿体中的色素主要分布在类囊体膜上.H2O在光下分解的过程也是在类囊体膜上进行的.CO2的固定和淀粉的合成发生在暗反应中.在叶绿体的基质中进行。

所以D正确。

2、细胞的分化、衰老和凋亡是普遍存在的生命现象。

下列有关叙述正确的是A.人体各种组织细胞的衰老是同步进行的B.人的早期胚胎有尾.尾部细胞随着发育逐渐凋亡C.细胞癌变是细胞高度分化的结果D.皮肤上的“老年斑”是细胞凋亡的产物答案：B解析：细胞会随着分裂次数的增多而衰老.可见人体各组织细胞的衰老不是同步进行的；环境中的致癌因子损伤细胞中的DNA.使原癌基因和抑癌基因发生突变.导致正常细胞的生长和分裂失控而变成癌细胞.是细胞不正常分化的结果；皮肤上的老年斑是细胞内的色素随细胞的衰老而逐渐积累的结果；人的早期胚胎有尾.尾部细胞会随着发育逐渐凋亡。

2009年高考理综试题及答案-安徽卷

2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（安徽卷）理科综合能力测试本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择）两部分，第一卷第1页至第5页，第Ⅱ卷第6页至第12页。

全卷满分300分。

务必在答题卡背面规定的地方填写姓名和座位号后两位。

2. 答第一卷时，每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

3. 答第二卷时，必须使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上．．．．书写，要求字体工整、笔迹清晰。

作图题可先用铅笔在答题卡．．．规定的位置给出，确认后再用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔描清楚。

必须在题号所指示的答题区域作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．草稿纸上答题无效．．．．．．．．。

4. 考试结束，务必将试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第Ⅰ卷本卷共20小题，每小题6分，共120分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

以下数据可供解题时参考：相对原子质量（原子量）：H 1 C 12 O 16 S 12 Cr 52 Fe 561. 叶绿体是植物进行光合作用的场所。

下列关于叶绿体结构与功能的叙述，正确的是A.叶绿体中的色素主要分布在类囊体腔内B.H2O在光下分解为[H]和O2的过程发生在基质中C.CO2的固定过程发生在类囊体薄膜上D.光合作用的产物——淀粉是在基质中合成的答案：D解析：叶绿体中的色素主要分布在类囊体膜上，H2O在光下分解的过程也是在类囊体膜上进行的，CO2的固定和淀粉的合成发生在暗反应中，在叶绿体的基质中进行。

所以D正确。

2. 细胞的分化、衰老和凋亡是普遍存在的生命现象。

下列有关叙述正确的是A.人体各种组织细胞的衰老是同步进行的B.人的早期胚胎有尾，尾部细胞随着发育逐渐凋亡C.细胞癌变是细胞高度分化的结果D.皮肤上的“老年斑”是细胞凋亡的产物答案：B解析：细胞会随着分裂次数的增多而衰老，可见人体各组织细胞的衰老不是同步进行的；环境中的致癌因子损伤细胞中的DNA，使原癌基因和抑癌基因发生突变，导致正常细胞的生长和分裂失控而变成癌细胞，是细胞不正常分化的结果；皮肤上的老年斑是细胞内的色素随细胞的衰老而逐渐积累的结果；人的早期胚胎有尾，尾部细胞会随着发育逐渐凋亡。

2009年安徽高考理综化学试题评析

2009年安徽高考理综化学试题评析一、从2009年考试说明看到命题的改革（一）、选修占15%。

化学的考试范围包括两个部分。

第一部分包括必修模块“化学1”、“化学2”和选修模块“化学反应原理”(对应《考试大纲》中规定的“必考内容部分”)；第二部分包括选修模块“有机化学基础”和“物质结构与性质”的部分内容，约占15%。

（二）、新增和强化了部分内容点。

如：（1）了解难溶电解质的溶解平衡；常见金属元素增加了Cu；（2）能根据实验试题要求，做到(1)设计、评价或改进实验方案，分析或处理实验数据，得出合理结论，绘制和识别典型的实验仪器装置图；（3）物质结构与性质模块所要求的考查点几乎是全新的，要求掌握用电子排布式表示的常见元素为1~36号。

（三）、部分内容被弱化。

包括：共价键的极性、分子的极性、氢键、分子间作用力等不做要求，元素化合物内容仅限于所规定的元素，不要求到族的范围，有机化合物仅限于所规定的几种常见物质，不要求掌握到这些物质的同系物，即就物质论物质，不再延伸；定量实验仅强调了溶液的配制，中和滴定实验没有提及。

（四）、侧重考查学生的基本科学素养。

二、2009年安徽高考理综化学命题依据命题既要保证平稳过渡、又要体现新课程理念。

“平稳”要求制约试题命制的各种因素不会发生明显的变化。

“体现新课程理念”强调新课程较原教学大纲的不同点，要给予足够的重视。

通过对2009年安徽理综化学试题认真研读分析，可以看出试卷的整体设计注重将“认知性学习目标、技能性学习目标和体验性学习目标”这三个方面的课程目标有机整合在真实的问题中，对课程标准所规定的“科学探究、身边的化学物质、物质构成的奥秘、物质的化学变化及化学与社会发展”等五个主题进行全面地考查。

试卷结构稳中求变，试题难度总体下降，对稳定考生情绪和深入推进新课程实施和安徽高考新方案的实行具有十分重要的积极意义。

三、2009年安徽高考理综化学试题内容分析1．总题量减少，化学科总分值也降低。

安徽2009年高考理综合化学试卷浅析

安徽2009年高考理综合化学试卷浅析寿县一中化学组李锐09.72009年是安徽省新课程改革后的第一年高考，也是安徽省自主理科综合命题的第一年，不管是试题的呈现形式，还是命题的立意等都从一定高度体现了化学学科新高考命题的发展与创新，在形式和内容上既有向先行省份学习的影子，又有自身的特色，既体现了平稳过渡，又昭示出新高考在安徽的变化以及趋势。

体现了适合安徽省省情的的高考化学试题编制走向。

纵向整体来说稳定为先，稳中求变。

一、试卷结构稳中有变从整套试卷的结构来看，2009年和2008年不是完全一致的。

生物、化学、物理各学科试题的数量及赋分出现变化，生物6道选择题，3道非选择题，共90分；化学7道选择题，４道非选择题，共100分；物理7道选择题，４道非选择题，共110分。

各学科内容的编排顺序没有变化，第１卷按生物、化学、物理顺序编排；第Ⅱ卷按物理、化学、生物顺序编排。

提升了生物的比重，降低了物理的比重，对化学影响不大，化学由08年的108分改为100分，化学100分其中主观题42分，客观题58分，25题考查元素周期律和周期表以及原子核外电子排布式、电离能17分，26题考查有机化学12分，27题考查无机推断的信息框图12分，28题实验探究题17分。

整套化学试题以考查能力为出发点，注重在考核基础知识、基本技能和基本方法的基础上，全面检测考生的化学科学素养，考察学生分析和解决化学问题的能力，考核学生实验探究的能力，其中第28题充分体现了化学学科的实验探究特征，个人认为也是体现新课程理念最好的一道试题，以完整的科学探究程序设计一系列问题，包括实验设计、数据处理、结论分析和思考交流，既考察了考生对化学反应速率等基本概念的再现，也考察了考生实验的设计和探究能力，从分值和题面来看，可能具有一定难度，但是它的更大的特点体现在灵活性和探究这个学科特性上，真正对知识的考查并没有设置多高的难度，更多的体现在过程方法上。

客观题侧重双基考察，主观题注重较高层次能力水平的考察，并在题型设计上和编排顺序上有所创新，如类似于无机框图题的27题，和上述28题，以及主观题第9题等。

安徽2009年高考理综合化学试卷浅析

体现了适合安徽省省情的的高考化学试题编制走向。

纵向整体来说稳定为先，稳中求变。

一、试卷结构稳中有变从整套试卷的结构来看，2009年和2008年不是完全一致的。

各学科内容的编排顺序没有变化，第１卷按生物、化学、物理顺序编排；第Ⅱ卷按物理、化学、生物顺序编排。

2009年高考全国II理综化学试题与解析(精校版)

2009年高考全国II理综化学试题与解析（精校版）6．物质的量之比为2：5的锌与稀硝酸反应，若硝酸被还原的产物为N2O，反应结束后锌没有剩余，则该反应中被还原的硝酸与未被还原的硝酸的物质的量之比是A．1：4 B．1：5 C．2：3 D．2：5【答案】A【解析】设2molZn参与反应，因Zn无剩余，则最终生成了2molZn(NO3)2，显然含有4molNO3－，这部分是没有参与氧化还原反应的HNO3，根据得失电子守恒有：2×n(Zn)=n(HNO3)×4，则n(HNO3)=1mol，即有1molHNO3被还原。

7．下列关于溶液和胶体的叙述，正确的是A．溶液是电中性的，胶体是带电的B．通电时，溶液中的溶质粒子分别向两极移动，胶体中的分散质粒子向某一极移动C．溶液中溶质粒子的运动有规律，胶体中分散质粒子的运动无规律，即布朗运动D．一束光线分别通过溶液和胶体时，后者会出现明显的光带，前者则没有【答案】D【解析】胶体本身是不带电，只是其表面积较大，吸附了溶液中的离子而带了电荷，故A项错；溶液中的溶质，要看能否电离，若是非电解质，则不导电，也即不会移动，B项错；布朗运动本身即是无规律的运动，C项错；丁达尔效应可以用来区分溶液和胶体，D项正确。

8．下列叙述中正确的是A．向含有CaCO3沉淀的水中通入CO2至沉淀恰好溶解，再向溶液中加入NaHCO3饱和溶液，又有CaCO3沉淀生成B．向Na2 CO3溶液中逐滴加入等物质的量的稀盐酸，生成的CO2与原Na2 CO3的物质的量之比为1：2C．等质量的NaHCO3和Na2 CO3分别与足量盐酸反应，在同温同压下，生成的CO2体积相同D．向Na2 CO3饱和溶液中通入CO2，有NaHCO3结晶析出【答案】D【解析】CaCO3与CO2反应生成Ca(HCO3)2,再加入NaHCO3是没有现象的，A项错；向Na2CO3溶液中逐滴加入等物质的量的稀盐酸，仅生成NaHCO3，无CO2气体放出，B项错；等质量的NaHCO3和Na2CO3，其中NaHCO3的物质的量多，与足量HCl反应时，放出的CO2多，C项错；D项，发生的反应为：Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O =2NaHCO3↓，由于NaHCO3的溶解性较小，故有结晶析出，正确。

2009年高考理综安徽卷试题及答案

2009年高考理综安徽卷试题及答案2009安徽卷）理科综合能力测试第Ⅰ卷本卷共20小题，每小题6分，共120分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

以下数据可供解题时参考：相对原子质量（原子量）：H 1 C 12 O 16 S 12 Cr 52 Fe 561. 叶绿体是植物进行光合作用的场所。

下列关于叶绿体结构与功能的叙述，正确的是A. 叶绿体中的色素主要分布在类囊体腔内B. H2O在光下分解为[H]和O2的过程发生在基质中C. CO2的固定过程发生在类囊体薄膜上D. 光合作用的产物——淀粉是在基质中合成的2. 细胞的分化、衰老和凋亡是普遍存在的生命现象。

下列有关叙述正确的是A. 人体各种组织细胞的衰老是同步进行的B. 人的早期胚胎有尾，尾部细胞随着发育逐渐凋亡C. 细胞癌变是细胞高度分化的结果D. 皮肤上的“老年斑”是细胞凋亡的产物3.用牛奶瓶培养黑腹果蝇，观察成虫数量的变化，结果如下表：时间（天） 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37成虫数（只） 6 10 28 71 131 207 270 302 327 341根据表中数据分析，下列结果正确的是A. 第13-25天，成虫数量增长快的主要原因是个体生长加快。

B. 第17-29天，成虫增长率上升，死亡率下降C. 第21-37天，成虫增长率的下降与种群密度的改变有关D. 第1-37天，成虫数量成“J”型增长4.2008年诺贝尔化学奖授予了“发现和发展了水母绿色荧光蛋白“的三位科学家。

将绿色荧光蛋白基因的片段与目的基因连接起来组成一个融合基因，再将该融合基因转入真核生物细胞内，表达出的蛋白质就会带有绿色荧光。

绿色荧光蛋白在该研究中的主要作用是A．追踪目的基因在细胞内的复制过程B．追踪目的基因插入到染色体上的位置C. 追踪目的基因编码的蛋白质在细胞内的分布D．追踪目的基因编码的蛋白质的空间结构。

5.已知人的红绿色盲属X染色体隐性遗传，先天性耳聋是常染色体隐性遗传（D对d完全显性）。

2009年高考试题——理综化学部分(安徽卷)解析版

2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（安徽卷）理科综合能力测试（化学部分）第Ⅰ卷本卷共20小题，每小题6分，共120分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

以下数据可供解题时参考：相对原子质量（原子量）：H 1 C 12 O 16 S 12 Cr 52 Fe 567.石墨烯是由碳原子构成的单层片状结构的新材料（结构示意图如下），可由石墨剥离而成，具有极好的应用前景。

下列说法正确的是A.石墨烯与石墨互为同位素B.0.12g石墨烯中含有6.02*1022个碳原子C石墨烯是一种有机物D.石墨烯中的碳原子间以共价键结合答案：D解析：同位素的研究对象是原子，A选项错误；0.12g石墨烯的物质的量为0.01mol，所含碳原子个数为0.01N A，B选项错误；有机物一般含有碳、氢元素，C选项错误；由图示可知，石墨烯中碳原子间均为共价键结合，D选项正确。

8.北京奥运会期间对大量盆栽鲜花施用了S-诱抗素制剂，以保证鲜花盛开，S-诱抗素的分子结构如图，下列关于该分子说法正确的是A.含有碳碳双键、羟基、羰基、羧基B.含有苯环、羟基、羰基、羧基C.含有羟基、羰基、羧基、酯基D.含有碳碳双键、苯环、羟基、羰基答案：A解析：从图示可以分析，该有机物的结构中存在3个碳碳双键、1个羰基、1个醇羟基、1个羧基。

A选项正确。

9.下列选用的相关仪器符合实验要求的是答案：B解析：浓硝酸具有强氧化性，不能用橡胶塞，一般用玻璃塞，A 选项错误；水和乙酸乙酯的互不相溶，用分液漏斗分离，B 选项正确；量筒量取液体只能精确到0.1mL ，C 选项错误；实验室制取乙烯需要的温度为170℃，该温度计的量程不足，D 选项错误。

10.在溶液中能大量共存的一组离子或分子是 A.+4NH 、+H 、-3NO 、-3HCO B.K + 、Al 3+、-24SO 、NH 3·H 2OC.Na +、K +、-23SO 、Cl 2D.Na + 、CH 3COO -、-23CO 、OH -答案：D 解析：A 项中H ＋与HCO 3－能够反应生成CO 2气体，不能大量共存，错误；Al 3＋与氨水可以发生反应：Al 3＋＋3NH 3·H 2O=Al(OH)3↓＋3NH 4＋，B 选项错误；Cl 2具有氧化性，可以将SO 32－氧化为SO 42－，方程式为：Cl 2＋H 2O ＋SO 32－=SO 42－＋Cl －＋2H ＋，C 选项错误。

2009年高考试题――理综化学部分(全国卷2)解析版

;
(2) 反应②的化学方程式是 (3) A 的结构简式是 (4) 反应①的化学方程式是
; ;
; (5) A 有多种同分异构体,写出四个同时满足(i)能发生水解反应(ii)能使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色两个条件的同分异构体的结构简式：、、、；（6）A 的另一种同分异构体，其分子中所有碳原子在一条直线上，它的结构简式为。答案
绝密★启用前
2009 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试试题卷（全国 2）
相对原子质量（原子量）：H – 1 C – 12 N – 14 O - 16 一、选择题（本题共 13 小题。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。） 6. 物质的量之比为 2：5 的锌与稀硝酸反应，若硝酸被还原的产物为 N2O，反应结束后锌没有剩余，则该反应中被还原的硝酸与未被还原的硝酸的物质的量之比是 A. 1：4 B.1：5 C. 2：3 D.2：5 答案 A 【解析】设 2molZn 参与反应，因 Zn 无剩余，则最终生成了 2molZn(NO3)2，显然含有 4molNO3 ，这部分是没有参与氧化还原反应的 HNO3，根据得失电子守恒有：2×n(Zn)=n(HNO3)×4，则
30. (15 分)w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 化合物 A 相对分子质量为 86，碳的质量分数为 55.8%，氢为 7.0%，其余为氧。A 的相关反应如下图所示:
已知 R-CH=CHOH(烯醇)不稳定 ,很快转化为 R CH 2CHO 。根据以上信息回答下列问题: (1) A 的分子式为
10. 现有等浓度的下列溶液：①醋酸，②苯酚，③苯酚钠，④碳酸，⑤碳酸钠，⑥碳酸氢钠。
A. ④①②⑤⑥③ C. ①④②⑥③⑤ 答案 C
B. ④①②⑥⑤③ D. ①④②③⑥⑤

[理综]2009年高考安徽理科综合试题及参考答案

短文改错练习Once, lately at night, an Englishman came out of his room into a passage of the hotel and ask the servant to bring her a glass of water. The servant did like he was asked. The Englishman returned his room, and a few minutes later he came into the passage again and once more asked the servant a glass of water. Every a few minutes the Englishman would come out of his room and repeated his request. After half an hour the astonishing servant decided to ask the man what he was doing with the water. "Nothing," answered him calmly. "It's simply that the room is on fire.短文改错练习I gave my housekeeper an old pair trousers to wash and went in the study to read. My housekeeper usually looked through my pocket before wash my clothes, but for some reasons he failed to do so this time. When I was reading, I suddenly remember that there was a five-pounds note in the back pocket of the trousers I had told her to wash it. I dropped my book and rushed into the bathroom, but it is too late. My housekeeper said that my trousers had been in a washing machine for fifteen minutes already.短文改错练习One afternoon on April, 1912 , a new ship set off from England to America on it first trip. It was one of the largest and first ship at that time. It was cold, but the ship was pleasant and people are enjoying themselves. The next day was even cold. People could see icebergs here or there. It was night, suddenly, the man on watch shouting "Look out! Iceberg!" It was too late. A ship hit the iceberg and came to a stopping. There was a very big hole in the ship and water began to come. Slowly the ship started to go down.短文改错练习I've a friend who has a big police dog is named Jack. Every Sunday afternoon my friend took Jack for a long walk in the park. Jack likes these walk in the park very well.One Sunday a young man visits my friends. He stayed a long time. They talked and talked. Soon it was time for my friend to take Jack for his walk, but the visitor still sat talking. Jack became worrying about his walk in the park. He walked around the room several times but then he sat right in front of the visitor and looked at him. But the visitor paid none attention. He continued talking. Finally Jack could stand it any longer. He held the visitor's hat in his mouth.短文改错练习（74）June 12, Sunday FineToday is Sunday. I didn't get up early as usually. In the morning after I finished my homework, I do some washing. Then I telephoned one of my classmate and invited him to see a film. And unfortunately, when we got to the cinema at 3:00 p.m., we found all the tickets had sold out. Then we went back to school and played the football. After this, when we were about to going home, we saw our English teacher, Mr. Wang, coming. He told us we had made great progresses in English this term. He also suggested that we should read more and wrote more. We promised him that we would listen his advice.短文改错练习（75）In autumn of 1935, when I was a young man, I was traveling in the north of Indian. One evening, after hunted in the forest all day, I was returning to the place which I had put up my tent. It was getting dark, but I was walking along a road. Suddenly I saw two eye glaring at me from among the trees. What can I do? Should I jump into the river to save my life? Then I looked at the right. In the river there had a big crocodile waiting to welcome me with its mouth was wide open.短文改错练习（76）Cats are animals of habit. They like to go to sleep about same time every day but for a certain length of time. They seem to have a natural clock inside it that tells them how to sleep. Besides their regularly sleep, cats take naps(打盹). Some scientists think that people should also take cat naps. The habit would do good for people's health. Cat naps helped build up energy in the body. Since cats have moods(情绪) like these of people, scientists believe that people can improve their moods with cat-napping. People might become more happier and more active.短文改错练习（78）When I first learned to write in English, I ran into much difficulties. The main problem was that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. I followed her advice and should put down 100 words. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself as I was learning to express me in simple English. One day I wrote a story and showed to my teacher. He liked it very much that he reads it to the class. All said that the story was a good one. Their word were a great encouragement to me .短文改错练习（79）The winter holiday, when I am looking forward to, is coming. What fun it is to have sports! Play football is one of my hobby. I can also ride my bicycle, climb high mountains, or go skating. Sometime I can play the chess with Grandfather. How interested my holiday will be! But my father is always afraid I would be hurt by a truck, fall into water, and fall off a tree. He is afraid I would fight against others or taken away by bad men. But if I’m friendly and carefully enough, how will these things happen? I must try best to persuade my father.短文改错练习（80）Tom had retired and lived lonely a long way from town. He hardly never left his home. But one day he went to town buy some things in the market, and after he had bought it, he went into a restaurant and sit down at a table by himself. When he looked around, he saw several old peoples put up glasses before reading their newspapers. So after the lunch he decided to go to a store to buy himself a pair of glasses, either, He walked along a wide street and fast found a store.短文改错练习（81）My parents were all standing there, shouting at each other. The word "divorce(离婚)" was repeated and broke my heart each time. I had trapped between them and didn't know what to do. A million thoughts rushed into my mind, but nothing of them could ease my feelings. I rushed back to my room, seated down in silence and stared out of the window. The leaves were floated in the air. They struggled trying to catch the wind and finally they had to fall on the ground.I knew I was not the only one had gone through this. But I must learn to fight against this. Later in the day I took up with a pen and wrote down "It is until I take a step back and look at my family that I can really appreciate life. All of this has helped me grow strongly and mature(成熟)."短文改错练习（82）Dear editor,In the past my hometown was used to be a beautiful place. Thick trees and green grass can be seen everywhere. In order to build house and grow more crops, people cut down more and more trees. With time went on, the whole forest was almost destroyed. Gradually the green hills have changed into wasteland. As a result, sandstorms struck us now and then, from that we suffer a lot. However, I do hope all the people should realize the terribly result of not caring about our environment. What's more, they should take good care of the forests and plant trees instead cuttingthem down to improve our living conditions.短文改错练习（83）When I found out that my train would three hours late, I decided to get a bus instead. I was about to rush out of the train station while a well-dressed old man took me by my arm, "Young lady," said the gentleman, "Shouldn't you find out the bus schedule (时刻表) before you rush out to catch the bus?". I stared to him with my mouth opened. How did he read my mind? Before I can say a word, he added, "You see, my train is also running lately. The same idea came to me. But I think a good conversation that can help pass the time. Before you know it, your train will be there."短文改错练习（84）Dear Kang Li,I haven't heard you for a long time. How are you? I had just finished the exams. Now I'm glad I have time to write for you. Our teacher tells us that China is a big country has the most population in the world. It's on the other side of the world. Now the sun is shining bright here and perhaps you're sleeping in the dark night. I wish to know anything more about the Chinese way of living. I wonder at if you can tell me about it in your next letter. Please writing soon.短文改错练习（85）I visited the zoo yesterday, and I was very unhappy and angry about the things what I saw. The large animals were in small cages. The lion was walking back and forth. It was completely boring. The tiger fell asleep all the afternoon. I see people feeding the fish. They were throwing rices and meat into the pond, which could kill the fish, but no one tried stop them. When I had the drink at the zoo restaurant, the waiter served me rude. Outside the restaurant, the rubbish bins were full and rubbish was blowing everywhere. It seems that the zoo doesn't look the animals or the visitors very well. subject, nothing else seemed very practically to me. I never saw how I could use it in my daily life.短文改错练习（88）Some Americans judge success on the length of his vacations. The man who gets a month’s vacation each year consider himself more successful than the man gets two weeks . Many people want to be teachers so it is teachers who can get three-month vacation every year . Some college teachers who teach the three classes consider themselves less successful than that who teach only one or two , or none in all . In short , the less work Americans do , the less successful they consider themselves .短文改错练习（91）Rowena and Billy Wrangler are model high school student. They study hard. They do extreme well in achievement tests. And next year, Rowena will attend the Harvard University. Billy, her younger brother, hope to go to Cornell. That makes Rowena and Billy different from most students is they don’t go to school. In fact, They’ve never been to school. Since kindergarten, they have studied at home. Neither Rowena or Billy feels as if they have missed out on nothing by being taught at home. As many of the more than one million people who accept home schooling in the United States, they feel as if they have gotten a good education.短文改错练习（92）Did you enjoy yourself ye sterday? I suppose you do. But I’d like to tell you what a bad day Ihad yesterday. Nothing just went wrong. On the morning, my alarm clock didn’t ring,since I woke up an hour late. I was in such a hurry that I burnt my hand when I was cooking the breakfast. Then I ran out of the house to catch the 8:30 buses. This is the bus I usually take. But, to my regret, I missed it. I am very unhappy, and scared as well because my teacher hates the students come late to school. So I ran three miles to school only to discover that everybody was there. The school was quiet but peaceful. Our classroom was locked. I realized that moment: it was Sunday.短文改错练习（93）Get a good education is more important today than ever before. In Canada children most attend public schools. Public schools are mainly found by governments through tax income. Students in Canada taught in English and in French. The rest of Canadian children is to attend private schools, that are supported mainly by fees paying by parents .By law, the children must attend the school from age 5 to 16. There are several different levels in the Canadian education system. The first is called Elementary School, which include kindergartens through grade 7 or 8. From grades 8 or 9 through 12 or 13, children go to Secondary School or high school. High school students must take certain course for several years, such as English or French and mathematics.短文改错练习（94）Yesterday we went to grow trees on the hill near our school. The boys were made dig pits(坑).The girls were told to plant the young trees into the pits. All of us worked very hardly. Soon we were all wet with sweats. After the young trees were planted, we began to water it. The water was at the foot of the hill. But we stood in line to pass pails(桶) of water from one to other up to the hill. We did not finish water the trees until it was dark. Though we were tired, but we feel very happy.短文改错练习（95）A kind of little car may someday take place of today’s big ones. If people drive such cars in the future, there would be less pollution in the air. There will be more spaces for parking cars in cities. The streets will be less crowd. And driving will be safe as these little cars can go only 65 km per hour. The future cars will be fine for getting round a city, so they will not be useful for long trips. Little cars will go 200 km, before needing to stop for more gases. If big cars are still used along with the small ones, two sets of roads will be needed in the future. Some roads will be used for the big fast cars and another roads will be needed for the slow small ones. It is said that three so little cars fit in with the space now needed for one car the usual size.短文改错练习（95）1. take place---take the place;2. would---will;3. spaces---space;4.crowd---crowed;5. safe---safer;6. so---but;7. gases---gas;8. another---other;9.so---such; 10. fit in with---fit in短文改错练习（96）It was fine yesterday. The sun was shining in the sky. I went boating by myself. I didn’t take many friends with me because I wanted to be lonely. I hired a boat and rowed slowly to the center of lake. A fresh breeze was blowing, fish was swimming and birds were singing. When I reached the center, I took up the paddles（桨）and lie down in the boat. With the blue sky over me or green water around me, I was extreme relaxed. About two hours passed in this way before I knew them.I came back to home very late. I didn’t feel tiring at all, for I had really had a good time.短文改错练习（97）I was anxiously expected your letter, and at last it has reached to me. I am very glad to know that everyone at home is enjoying good health as usually. Things here are same now as they were ago. The final examination will take place next week. But I am now busy with preparing my lessons. It’s nice to think that the summer vacation is come near. I can’t say how much I want to see you all again. I am looking forward to spend summer days with you. Give my love to Father, Mother and anyone at home.短文改错练习（98）One afternoon, when I was on my way home, the sky changed suddenly. Dark clouds were gathered. I began to feel worried because I didn’t have both a raincoat or umbrella about me . It soon started to rain. Just as I was hurrying home, I heard someone calling me from behind . I turned to have a look and find that he was Liu Wei, a good neighbour of me. He offered to share his umbrella with me. We walked all the ways home. Without Liu Wei’s help, I would have got wet to the skin. How much thankful I was to his help!短文改错练习（99）I worried about the missed bag all the evening. I tried to remember exact what I had done from the time I left the store until at the time I got home. I remembered whether I had looked at the bag while I was having lunch. So I might have had it while I left the store. I remembered showing it to a friend on the bus. But I had the bag then. I came directly from the bus to my house, and I must have forgotten it on the bus. I was in hurry to get off and forget to check the packages lying on the floor. I should be much careful next time.短文改错练习（100）A man stopped at a flower shop to order some flowers to be sent to his mother. When getting out of his car he looked a young girl sobbing, he asked her what was the wrong. She replied, ―I want to buy a red rose for my mother, I only have 75 cents. A rose cost 2 dollars.‖ The man smiled and said, ―Come on in with me….‖ He bought her flowers and ordered him own. While leaving he offered the girl a ride home. She said, ―Yes, please! You must take me to my mother.‖ She directed him to a cemetery, there she placed the roses on a freshly dug grave. The man returned to the flower shop, canceled the order, choose a bouquet and drove 200 miles for his mother’s house.短文改错练习（101）Many scientists believe that life begins in the ocean long ago. For age man used the ocean to discover and explore new lands. Now man spends a great deal of time or money in discovering the ocean. We know it is rich at minerals which the world need. We know too that it contains a plenty of food for all the people in the world. We know that if the salt were taken from it, it’s water would turn the deserts into rich farm land. We know a great deal about this land frontier(新领域), as it has called. But we still need to learn many more about it.短文改错练习（102）After a day of work and play, the body needs to have a rest. Sleep is necessary for good healthy. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the day. The rest that you get it while sleeping enable your body to prepare itself for the next day. There are four levels of sleep. Each is a little deep than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax. Your heart beats slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back or forth from one level of sleep to the other. If you have trouble fall asleep, some people suggest breathing slowly and deeply. And other people believe that drink warm milk helps make you sleepy. There is also an old advice that counting sheeps put you to sleep.短文改错练习（103）Though now I am a college student, but I still remember many things in the primary school and one of it is always kept in my mind. As a schoolboy I used to being very lazy at school, and I played a lot after class but did few in class. One afternoon before school was over, our head teacher was giving us last class, when I fell sleepy. He went on teaching without wake me up. When school was over, he asked the other student to leave the classroom quiet, leaving me locked in the classroom. You can imagine what hard I cried for help when I finally woke up.短文改错练习（104）Have you ever asked you why students go to school? You may say they go to school to learn language, maths, history, science and other subject. But why do they learn this? And are these all that they learn at the school? Students go to school to preparing themselves for the time when they grow up and have to work for themselves. They learn their native language in order that they could understand that others write and say, and make themselves clearly understand. They learn foreign languages in order to benefit what foreign people write and say.短文改错练习（105）Yesterday was my birthday. I accepted lots of presents. All the presents were wrapped with color, beautiful and soft paper. Among them was two really interesting. My sister brought me a paper bag. I thought there would have a football in the bag. Not until I opened it I find it was a clock. My brother gave me a note, that read, ―My present has been put in your bedroom.‖ When I hurry into my bedroom, I found a box. Opened the box, I found a pocket computer. I was more than exciting, and realized they suggested that I study hard and do not waste time.短文改错练习（106）I went to the Summer Palace on last week. At the gate I happened to meet some America tourists. I greeted him in English and then we began to chat. I get to know that they were college students travel in China. They were busy in taking photos and were much impressed with the changes had taken place in the past few years. After that, we went boating on a lake and have a good time. We exchanged our email address so that we can write to each other in the future. They thanked me again and again. I was very glad to have a chance to practising my oral EnglishKey:短文改错练习（70）1. lately-late2. ask-asked3.her-him4.like-as5. and-but6. servant-servant for7. 去掉a8. repeated-repeat9. astonishing-astonished 10. him-he短文改错练习（71）1. pair-pair of2. in-into3. wash-washing4. reasons-reason5. he-she6. remember-remembered7. pounds-pound8. 去掉it9. is-was 10. a-the短文改错练习（72）1. on→in2. it→its3. ship→ships4. are→were5.cold→colder6. or→and7. shouting→shouted8. A→The9.stopping-stop 10. come→come in短文改错练习（73）1. 去掉is2.took→takes3. well→much4. walk-walks 5 visits-visited6. friends-friend7. worrying→worried8.but→and9. none→no 10. could-could not 短文改错练习（74）1. usually---usual2. do→did3. classmate ---classmates4. And ---But5.had∧been6. the 去掉7. going-go8. progresses-progress9. wrote---write 10. listen---take/follow短文改错练习（75）1. In-In the2. Indian-India3. hunted-hunting4. in ∧which 或which改为where5.but-and6.eye –eyes7. can –could8. at –to9. had-was 10.去掉was短文改错练习（76）1. same-the same2. and-but3. it--them4. when-how5. regular—regularly6. for–to7. helped-help8. these-those9. with-by 10. 去掉more短文改错练习（78）1. much—many2. anything--everything3. my—a4. 去掉should5. talk--talking6. me--myself7. to前加it8. very--so9. reads--read 10.word—words短文改错练习（79）1. When—which2. Play—Playing3. hobby—hobbies4. Sometime—sometimes5.去掉the6. interesting—interested7. and---or8. or后加be9. carefully—careful 10. try 后加my 短文改错练习（80）1. Lonely→alone2. never→ever3. buy前加to4. it→them5. sit→sat6. peoples→people7. up--on8. 去掉the9. either→too 10.fast→soon短文改错练习（81）1. all→both2. had→was3. nothing→none4. seated→sat或后加myself5. floated--floating6. and→but7. had前加who8. 去掉with9. until前加not 10. strongly--strong短文改错练习（82）去掉was can--could house→houses With→As或went →going struck→strike that—which However→So terribly→terrible they→we instead后加of短文改错练习（83）1. would后加be2. get→ take3. while → when4. my→ the5. to--at6. opened →open7. can→could8. lately—late9. A→The 10. 去掉that短文改错练习（84）1. heard后加from2. had---have3. for---to4. has前加that 或which/has---with5.most---largest 6. bright---brightly 7. and---but 8. anything---something 9.去掉at 10. writing--write短文改错练习（85）1. and→but2. 去掉what或把what改为that/which3. boring-bored4. see→saw5. rices→rice6. tried后面加to7. the→a或去掉the8. rude→rudely9. blowing→blown 10. look后加after 短文改错练习（86）1. in → in the2. her → him3. say → said4. past → passed5. anywhere → somewhere6. told前加was7. immediate → immediately8. 去掉in9. or → and 10. Under → with短文改错练习（87）1. class—classes2. them前加of3. or—and4. it—they5. understood—understand6. what—how7. 去掉the8. most—least 9．learn—learning 10．practically—practical 短文改错练习（88）1. on-by2. his-their3. consider-considers4. the man-the man who5. So-beause/as6. get-get a7. 删去the8. that-those9. in- at 10. less-more短文改错练习（91）1. student---students;2. extreme---extremely;3. the Harvard University---Harvard University;4. hope---hopes;5.That---What;6. is they---is that they;7. or---nor;8. nothing---anything;9. As---Like; 10. accept---receive短文改错练习（92）1. do---did;2. Nothing---Everything;3. On---In;4. since---so;5. the breakfast---breakfast;6. buses---bus7. am---was;8. come---coming;9. everybody---nobody; 10. but---and 短文改错练习（93）1. Get---Getting;2. most---mostly;3. found---founded;4. taught---are taught;5. is---are;6. that ---which;7. paying—paid;8. the school---school;9. include---includes; 10. course---courses短文改错练习（94）1. grow---plant;2. dig---to dig;3. hardly---hard;4. sweats---sweat;5. it---them;6. But---So;7. other---another;8. water---watering;9. fee---felt; 10. but we---we短文改错练习（96）1. many---any;2. lonely---alone;3. lake---the lake;4. fish was---fish were;5. lie---lay;6. or---and;7. extreme---extremely;8. them---it;9. to home---home; 10. tiring---tired短文改错练习（97）1. expected---expecting2. reached to---reached3. usually---usual4. same---the same5. ago---before6. But---So7. with---in8. come---coming9. spend---spending 10. anyone---everyone短文改错练习（98）1. sky---weather2. gathered---gathering3. both---either4. umbrella---an umbrella5. find---found6. he---it7.. me---mine8.. ways---way9. How much---How 10. to---for短文改错练习（99）1.missed---missing2. exact---exactly3. at the time---the time4. whether---that5. might---must6. But---So7. forgotten---left8. in hurry---in a hurry9. forget---forgot10. much---more短文改错练习（100）1. looked---noticed2. the wrong---wrong3. I only---but I only4. cost---costs5. him---his6. While---When/As7. must---can8. there---where9. choose---chose 10. for---to短文改错练习（101）1. begins---began2. age---ages3. or---and4. at---in5. need---needs6. a plenty of--- plenty of7. it’s---its8. land---lands9. has---has been 10. many---much短文改错练习（102）1. healthy---health2. enable---enables3. get it---get4. deep---deeper5. slowly---more slowly6. or---and7. fall---falling8. drink---drinking9. advice---suggestion 10. sheeps---sheep短文改错练习（103）1. 去掉but2. it---them3. being---be4. few---little5. last class---the last class6. sleepy---asleep7. wake---waking8. student---students9. quiet---quietly 10. what---how短文改错练习（104）1. you→yourself2. language→ languages3. subject→ subjects4. this→these5. at the school→at school6. preparing→prepare7. could---can8. that→what9. understand→understood10. benefit 后加from短文改错练习（105）1. accepted→ received2. with---in3. was---were4. have→be5. I find→did I find6. that→ which7. hurry---hurried8. Opened → Opening9. exciting→excited10. do not→ not短文改错练习（106）1. on last week---last week2. America→American3. him→them4. get---got5. travel→trav elling6. changes后加that7. have→had8. address→addresses9. can---could 10. practising→practise。

2009年高考试题――理综化学部分(全国卷1)解析版

-3 ＋ 2＋
~ nCO3
2－
n -3 40×10 ×0.5
D．K2Cr2O7＋6FeSO4＋7H2SO4 ＝Cr2(SO4)3＋3Fe2(SO4)3＋K2SO4＋7H2 O 答案.B 2－【解析】在碱性条件下，可能产生 CO2 气体，而应是 CO3 ，故 B 项错。 9、现有乙酸和两种链状单烯烃的混合物，若其中氧的质量分数为 a，则碳的质量分数是 A.
请从下图中选用所需的仪器（可重复选用）组成一套进行该反应并要检出反应产物的装置。现提供浓 H2 SO4、木炭和酸性 KMnO4 溶液，其他固、液试剂自选。（连接和固定仪器所用的玻璃管、胶管、铁夹、铁架台及加热装置等均略去）
将所选的仪器连接顺序由上至下依次填入下表，并写出该仪器中应加试剂的名称及其作用。选用的仪器（填字母）加入的试剂作用
转化率为 0.85/1=85% ，正确。H<0，反应为放热，故升高温度，平衡将逆向移动，则 X 的转化率减小，C 项错；D 项，降温，正、逆反应速率同时减小，但是降温平衡正向移动，故 V 正>V 逆，即逆反应减小的倍数大，错误。 27、（15 分）w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 浓 H2SO4 和木炭在加热时发生反应的化学方程式是 2H2SO4(浓)＋C CO2↑＋2H2O＋2SO2↑
答案. C B A A
浓 H2SO4 和木炭无水 CuSO4 品红溶液酸性 KMnO4 溶液
反应器（或发生气体）检验 H2O 检验 SO2 吸收余下的 SO2
A 澄清石灰水检验 CO2 的存在。【解析】成套装置包括反应装置，检验装置和尾气处理装置。C 中加入浓硫硫和木炭作为反应物的发生器，产物中必须先检验水，因为在检验其他物质时会在其它试剂中混入水，可选用装置 B，放入无水硫酸铜，若变蓝则说明有水。接着检验 SO2 气体，用装置 A，放入品红检验，若品红褪色，则说明有 SO2 气体产生，再用装置 A，放入酸性 KMnO4 溶液以除去 SO2，然后再用装置 A，放入品红，检验品红是否除尽，因为 CO2 是用澄清石灰水来检验的，而 SO2 也可以使澄清石灰水变浑，故先要除去 SO2。 28、（15 分）w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 下图所示装置中，甲、乙、丙三个烧杯依次分别盛放 100 g 5.00%的 NaOH 溶液、足量的 CuSO4 溶液和 100 g 10.00%的 K2SO4 溶液，电极均为石墨电极。

2009年高考理综全国I卷化学试题和参考答案

2009年高考理综全国I 卷化学试题和参考答案第I 卷一、选择题（本题共13小题。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的） 6.下列各组离子，在溶液中能大量共存、加入NaOH 溶液后加热既有气体放出又有沉淀生成的一组是A.Ba 2+、3N O -、4N H +、Cl - B. 2C a +、3H C O -、4N H +、2A lO - C.K +、Ba 2+、Cl -、3H SO - D. 2M g + 、4N H +、24SO -、K +7. 将15ml.2mol•.1L -23N a C O 溶液逐滴加入到40 ml.0.5mol•.1L -n M C l 盐溶液中，恰好将溶液中的n M+离子完全沉淀为碳酸盐，则n M C l 中n 值是A. 4B. 3C. 2D. 1 8.下列表示溶液中发生反应的化学方程式错误．．的是 A.22222223AL NaOH H O NaALO H ++=+↑B.4242222K M nO H C O O K K O H K M nO C O H O ++=+↑+C 22224(2M nO H C l M nC l C l H O ∆+=+↑+浓）D.22742424324324267()3()7K Cr O FeSO H SO Cr SO Fe SO K SO H O ++=+++ 9. 现有乙酸和两种链状单烯烃混合物，其中氧的质量分数为a,则碳的质量分数是A.(1)7a - B.34a C.6(1)7a - D.12(1)13a -10. 用0.1 mol•.1L -的盐酸滴定0.10 mol•.1L -的氨水，滴定过程中不可能．．．出现的结果是 A.4()c N H +>()c C l -,()c O H - >()c H +B. 4()c N H +=()c C l -,()c O H - =()c H +C.()c C l - >4()c N H +,()c O H - >()c H +D. ()c C l - >4()c N H +,()c H +>()c O H -11. 为了检验某含有3N aH C O 杂质的23N a C O 样品的纯度，现将1w 克样品加热，其质量变为2w g,，则该样品的纯度（质量分数）是A.211845331w w w - B.12184()31w w w -C.211734231w w w - D.2111158431w w w -12. 有关下图所示化合物的说法不正确的是A.既可以与Br 2的CCl 4溶液发生加成反应，又可以在光照下与Br 2发生取代反应B.1mol 该化合物最多可以与3molNaOH 反应C.既可以催化加氢,又可以使酸性KmnO 4溶液褪色D.既可以与Fecl 3溶液发生显色反应，又可以与NaHCO 3溶液反应放出CO 2气体 13.下图表示反应X(g)4Y(g)＋Z(g)，0H ∆<，在某温度时X 的浓度随时间变化的曲线：下列有关该反应的描述正确的是A.第6m in 后，反应就终止了B.X 的平衡转化率为85%C.若升高温度，X 的平衡转化率将大于85%D.若降低温度，v 正和v 逆将以同样倍数减少参考答案：6.D7.B8.B9.C 10.C 11.A 12.D 13.B 第Ⅱ卷（共176分） 27.（15分）（注意：在试题卷上作答无效．．．．．．．．．）浓H 2SO 4和木炭在加热时发生反应的化学方程式是2 H2SO4 (浓) + C CO2↑+ 2 H2O + 2SO2↑请从下图中选用所需的仪器（可重复选用）组成一套进行该反应并检出反应产物的装置。