compound dictation
英语compound dictation解析
英语测试“Compound Dictation” 解题之法“Compound Dictation”这一题型，在英语测试中，应该说是有一定难度的。
全国大学英语四级统考于1997年6月首次采用了“复合式听写”这一题型。
该类题型通常是在一个段落中留出十个空格，要求考生在听懂原文的基础上，写下所听到的单词或短语；这种题型，对学生的能力要求其实比像Short Conversations，Long Conversations等纯粹听力选择题的要求要高得多，因为Short Conversations，Long Conversations等一般只要听明白大意即可。
而对于“复合式听写”，首先，考生要能听得出辨别得出这是个什么词，比如，是quality 还是quantity；然后，还要一个字母不差地、按顺序完整地写出该词，才能算正确，才能够得分。
要在这一项上取得较高成绩，其实是不太容易的。
由此可知，该题型更强调语言综合运用能力。
所以，考生不仅要具有良好的听的能力，还应具有较强的拼写能力、记笔记能力。
听的能力是“复合式听写”的基础，因此，在较大程度上，它是听力理解能力、书写能力、记笔记能力和书面表达能力的综合考核。
针对此新题型的解答，笔者在教学实践中，经过认真的研究分析，总结出几点，按听前、听时、听后三个步骤归纳如下：第一，听前。
这里主要是要求考生要做好两个方面的准备。
1.平时要打好基本功，多多练习。
学习任何一门语言，要想掌握得更熟练、更透彻，多多练习是必不可少的一个环节。
对于学习语言，笔者一直强调，掌握词汇是最基本、最关键的。
而掌握词汇，能够标准地发音和能够正确地拼写出来，是最基本的、也是非常重要的。
若学习者的单词发音不标准或者说不准确，那么，不但自己说的英语别人听不懂，而且别人说的英语自己也搞不明白。
这样，虽然说的是同一种语言，而实际上就是鸡同鸭讲。
掌握再多的词汇，又如何能更好地交流？若单词记不住记不牢，不能正确拼写出来，翻译译不出，作文写不来，又如何能够获得理想的成绩？听写是一种有效的综合性测试，可以考查学生的词汇量、拼写、句法、听力、理解、记笔记和一定的书面表达等多方面的要素和技能。
英语复合词的理据分析
英语复合词的理据分析【摘要】英语复合词看似简单，其实不然，其内在的句法与语义关系非常复杂。
文章通过对其形态理据、语义理据、文化理据来进行分析，诠释其意义，旨在使大家能够更好地掌握每个复合词的意义。
【关键词】英语复合词；构型；句法；理据分析英语复合词在日常语言交际中十分普遍，复合法（compounding）是人们构拟新词，表达新概念的重要手段。
表面看来，复合词的构建十分简单，不过是自由词素的组合。
然而，复合词的语义问题是极其复杂的。
英语中有些复合词的词义是其构成词素之和，如handbag(手提包)、 blackboard(黑板)、humanresource(人力资源)等等；还有一些复合词我们无法从其字面上直接获得其词义，如egghead(知识分子)、greenhouse(温室)、pickpocket(扒手)。
结构主义和形式主义语言学也没有对复合词的词义构建给出令人信服的解释。
我们认为英语复合词的构建是有其理据的。
本文拟从复合词的构型，句法，再到其理据对其进行分析。
一、复合词的构型和句法1. 复合词有十分严格的构词模式，复合词的第一个成分读主重音，而它的第二个成分通常确定复合词的新词性.因此，在blackbird中，第二个成分(bird)是名词，作为一个整体的复合词仍然是一个名词，这个成分称为复合词的词头，复合词的词头基本上属于三类词类:名词，动词，和形容词，复合词的第一个成分也可以是其中的的任何一种，因此在英语里面主要有三种复合词模式：复合名词、复合动词、复合形容词。
每一种模式又有种三种形式，1）复合名词：a.名词+名词=kitchen chair、 wheel-chair b. 动词+名词= rocking chair、 swivel chair c. 形容词+名词= highchair、 easy chair.2）复合动词:a. 名词+动词= to vacuum-clean、 to man-handle b. 动词+动词= to sleep-walk、 to blow-dry.c. 形容词+动词= to dry-clean、 to highlight.3）复合形容词: a. 名词+形容词= co lour-blind、 duty-free b. 动词+形容词= soaking wet、 stinking rich c. 形容词+形容词= dark-blue、 pale yellow.2. 复合词的内在句法。
英语翻译与写作-Diction
英语翻译与写作-Diction第一篇：英语翻译与写作-DictionDictionλ the proper choice of words and phrases in the process of translation to fit their context λ Methods of Discriminating the Original Meaning of an English Word1.According to word-formation: compounding, derivation, blending, acronym formation, clipping⎫ compounding(合成法): generation gap, summer time(夏令时), test-tube baby(试管婴儿),brain-drain(人才外流), picturephone(可视电话), soft-landing economy(软着陆经济)credit card(信用卡), pocket money(零用钱), greenhouse effect(温室效应) ⎫ derivation（派生法）: non-friend(假朋友), antifreeze(抗冻剂), preschooler(学龄前儿童),⎫blending(拼缀法): comsat(communication + satellite,通讯卫星), lunarnaut(lunar + astronaut,登月宇宙航行员), Chinglish(Chinese + English,汉式英语) ⎫ acronym formation(首字母缩略法)：PC(personal computer, 个人电脑), CALL(computer-aided language learning, 计算机辅助语言学习), CIA(the Central Intelligence Agency,中央情报局)⎫clipping（截缩法）: ad(advertisement), homo(homosexuality),memo(memorandum), bus(omnibus), flu(influenza)2.According to the references(1)third-person pronounsHe sent John to the university and was eager to have him distinguish himself.(2)demonstrative pronouns and demonstrative adverbsHealth is above wealth, for this cannot give so muchhappiness as that.(3)references of comparisonI hate blue shirts;white shirts suit me but gray is the most preferable.3.According to the context and collocation ⎫No context, no translation.e.g.I’ll finish the book next week.Tension is building up.⎫Each word, when used in a new context, is a new word.As luck would have it, no one was in the building when the explosion occurred.As luck would have it, there was rain on the day of the picnic.The war is becoming the most important story of this generation.It is quite another story now.Some reporters who were not included in the session broke the story.What a story!I don’t believe a word of it.The story about him became smaller and by and by faded out from American TV.在这种情况下 under such circumstances / such being the case这种情况必须改变。
词典学专业术语
词典学术语abbreviation缩略语abbreviative notation缩略标记abridged删节的，未足本的abridged dictionary节本词典abridgement删节，节本absolute equivalent绝对对应词absolute synonym绝对同义词abusage滥用abusive language辱骂语academic dictionary学术词典academic lexicography学术词典学academy dictionary学院词典accent mark重音号acceptability接受性acceptability rating接受等级access alphabet检索字母表access point检索项access structure检索结构acknowledges致谢项acrolect上层方言acronym首字母缩略词active dictionary积极词典，主动性词典active vocabulary积极词汇adjectival noun形容词性名词adjective complement形容词性补语adjective compound复合形容词adjunct附加性副词adnominal名词修饰语advanced searches高级搜索affix词缀affixation词缀法，词缀词agglutinative language黏着型语言alien word外来词allomorph语素变体allophone音位变体allusion典故alphabetic arrangement字母顺序排列alphabetic order字母顺序alphabetic sequence字母顺序alphabetic writing字母文字，拼音文字alphabetization按字母顺序排列alphanumeric combination字母数字组合词alphapedia字顺百科alternative lexicography另类词典学ambiguity歧义ambilogy双关语amelioration of meaning词义的扬升Americanism美国词语，美式英语Ampersand&号（=and）analogical dictionary类义词典analytic definition分析式释义analytic language分析型语言analytical ordering分析排列angle brackets尖括号animate noun生物名词，动物名词anisomorphism语言差异性antedating早于已摘录文献的引语anthroponymy人名学antidictionary反动词典appendix附录appreciative赞赏的，褒义的appropriateness得体性，适切性approximative equivalent近义对等词arch弓形符（即︵）archaic word古词archaism古体，古语archaizing dictionary仿古词典archeography古文献学archive引语档案areal linguistics区域语言学argot黑话arrow箭号article词条，条目artificial language人工语言asserted meaning陈述意义association联想association by contiguity相邻联想association by contrast对比联想association by similarity类似联想association group联想词群associational word联想词associative meaning联想意义asterisk星号（*）at单价号（@）attestation isolee个别使用attributive adjective修饰性形容词authentic example真确性例证authentication求证authenticity真实性author dictionary独编词典author’s dictionary作家词典automatic lemmatization自动归目automatic lexicography自动词典学autosemantic word自义词auxiliary verb助动词back clipping截尾缩略back matter附录部分，后文back matter structure附录结构back page material后页材料back-formation逆构词法backward dictionary逆序词典，倒排词典barbarism不纯正的词语，粗野语base词基，词根base structure基础结构base word词目base-repeating词根重叠释义法basic searches基本搜索basic sense基本义项basic vocabulary基本词汇basic word stock基本词汇bias word倾向性词语bias-free vocabulary无偏见词汇biblical expression圣经词语bibliography书目；目录学bidirectional dictionary双向双语词典bifunctional dictionary双功能词典big dictionary大型词典bilingual dictionary双语词典bilingual edition双解本，双解版bilingual learner’s dictionary双语学习词典bilingual lexicography双语词典学bilingual thesaurus双语分类词典bilingualized dictionary双解词典biographical dictionary人名词典biographical entry人名条目biographical lexicography人名词典学biographical sources传记资料blend混成词，拼缀词blending混成法，拼缀法；拼缀词bogey怪字bold-faced type黑体字borrowed word外借词borrowing借词bound equivalent局限对应词bound form黏附形式bound morpheme黏着词素bound root黏着词根braces大括号brackets方括号breve短音符bridge dictionary桥接词典British National Corpus英国国家语料库broad notation宽式标音法broad transcription宽式音标，宽式记音法browser浏览器buying guide购买指南cacography拼写错误cacology用词不当calque仿照词canonical form标准形式cant隐语，黑话capital letter大写字母caret脱字号（^）casual style随便语体，随意文本catachresis词语误用catchword眉词，导词categorical diversity范畴的差异性categorical equivalence范畴对应关系categorical identity范畴一致性categorization划分范畴，归类caution提醒号CD-ROM dictionary光盘词典censorship审查制度census普查，调查centered period分节点，音节号，中黑点（·）character dictionary字典character set字集check mark核对号（√）children’s dictionary儿童词典chronological dictionary序时词典circular definition循环释义circularity循环释义，互训circumflex音调符号，长音符号circumlocution迂回曲折表达法，遁词citation引语，书证，例证citation file引例档案classificatory label分类标注，类别标记clause idiom成语性分句cliché陈词滥调clipped form截短形式clipped word截短词clipping截短法close construction封闭结构closed combination封闭型组合closed corpus封闭式语料库closed-class words封闭性词类code代码codification编码coding代码化cognate同源词cognitive meaning认知意义coherence连贯性co-hyponym共下义词，共同受支配词coinage新造词语coined term新造术语coined word新造词，新创词college dictionary大学词典collegiate dictionary大学词典collocation搭配（关系）collocational information搭配信息collocative meaning搭配意义colloquial language口语colloquial standard口语标准语colloquial word口语词colloquialism口语词colorpedia彩图百科comb effect梳子效应combinatory possibility组合可能性combinatory variant组合变体combining form组合形式commercial dictionary商业词典common core vocabulary基本词汇，共有核心词汇common usage普通用法common word普通词compact dictionary缩印词典compact edition缩印版comparative lexicography比较词典学compilation（词典）编纂compiler编纂者compiler perspective编篡者视角complementaries互补反义词complete antonym完全反义词complete synonym完全同义词complex word复杂词componential analysis成分分析，义素分析composition合词法compound复合词compound word复合词，合成词compounding复合构词法comprehensive dictionary详解词典computational lexicography计算词典学computer lexicography计算机词典学conceptual connection概念联系conceptual dictionary概念词典conceptual meaning概念意义concise dictionary简明词典concordance语词索引confrontationist linguistics对照语言学conjunct连接性副词connotation隐含意义；附加意义；内涵connotative meaning内涵意义connotative style咨询文体content word实义词context语境context definition语境释义法context of situation言语环境，情景语境contextual definition语境释义contextual function语境功能contextual meaning语境意义contextual theory语境理论contract word缩写词contracted form,contraction缩写contradictory term对立性反义词contrast对称词contrastive analysis对比分析contrastive linguistics对比语言学conversion词类转化法conversive换位反义词cooccurrence同现cooccurrence relation同现关系cooccurrence restriction同现限制cooccurrence-range搭配cooccurrent meaning共现意义copying in dictionaries词典抄借copyright版权core group核心词群core sense核心义项core vocabulary核心词汇core word核心词co-reference互见corpus语料库corpus composition语料库的组成corpus correction语料库矫正corpus-orient lexicography语料库技术词典学correction矫正correctness正确性count noun可数名词countable noun可数名词coverage覆盖度creole混合语creolized language混合语cross reference互参，互见，交互参照cross-classification交叉结构cross-reference structure参见结构cryptogram密码cryptology隐语cultivated spoken language有教养的口头语言cultivated usage优雅用法cultural borrowing文化借用cultural context文化环境cultural dictionary文化词典cultural guide文化向导cultural lexicography文化词典学cultural-bound lexical item文化局限词汇项cultural-bound term(word)文化局限词cultural-loaded expression文化含义词cultural-specific vocabulary文化局限词汇culture-specific vocabulary文化局限词汇cuneiform,cuneiform writing楔形文字curtailed word缩短词cyclopedia百科全书cynicism挖苦语dagger剑号（┼）data bank数据库database数据库，资料库databases&audio-visual materials数据库与声像资料data-processing资料加工，数据处理dead affix废弃的词缀，废缀dead conjugation已经不用的词形变化形式dead language死语言dead metaphor死隐语dead word废词deadjective suffix附加于形容词的后缀deadjective verb来自形容词的动词declension（静词）词尾变化decode解码decoding dictionary解码词典decoding function解码功能de-etymologization词源中断definiendum被下定义的词语，被释词目definiens(pl.definientia)下定义用的词语，释义defining dictionary释义词典defining vocabulary(DV)定义用词汇，定义用词汇总表definition释义，定义deflexion词尾消失degeneration of meaning词义的降格deictic field指示范围denominal adjective来自名词的形容词denominal noun来自名词的名词denominal suffix附加于名词的后缀denominal verb来自名词的动词denotation所指意义，字面意义denotational meaning指称意义，所指意义denotative meaning外延意义denotatum(pl.denotata)所指客观对象density of entries词条密度derivation派生词；派生法derivation by zero suffix零位后缀派生法derivational affix派生词缀derivational antonym派生反义词derivational compound派生复合词derivational morpheme派生形素derivational suffix派生后缀derivative派生词derived form源出（<）derived sense派生义项derived stem派生词干deriving form派生形式derogatory贬损的，贬义的description描写descriptive dictionary描写性词典descriptive equivalent描写性对应词descriptive function描写功能descriptive trend描写性倾向descriptivism描写主义descriptor系索词，标志词designate定义，所指内容的组成designation指称意义designative word指称词designatum(pl.designata)所指内容desk dictionary案头词典desktop e-dictionary桌面电子词典desktop electronic-dictionary桌面电子词典deterioration of meaning词义降格，词义贬降determiner限定词deverbal adjective来自于动词的形容词deverbal noun来自于动词的名词deverbal suffix附加于动词的后缀diachronic approach历时角度diachronic dictionary历时词典diacritic变音符，附加符号diacritic sign附加符号diacritical mark变音符，附加符号diacritical marking符号标音法dialect dictionary方言词典dialect lexicography方言词典学dialectism方言词语diction措词dictionary词典，字典dictionary awareness词典意识dictionary criticism词典批评dictionary culture词典文化dictionary family词典家族dictionary for comprehension理解型词典dictionary for production生成型词典dictionary for speakers of the source language源语用户词典dictionary for speakers of the target language目的语用户词典dictionary for translation翻译词典dictionary form词典形式dictionary history词典史dictionary lookup词典查检dictionary maker词典编篡者dictionary making词典编篡dictionary meaning词典意义dictionary of proverbs谚语词典dictionary of the literary language书面语词典dictionary of the spoken language口语词典dictionary proper正文部分dictionary research词典研究dictionary review词典评论dictionary structure词典结构dictionary text词典语篇dictionary typology词典类型学dictionary use词典使用dictionary user词典使用者dictionary with bilingual双解词典dictionary word词典词didactic function教导功能differentia specifica属差differentia(pl.differentiae)种差differential dictionary区别性词典differential linguistics区别语言学diglossia双语现象diglottic level双语现象的变体diminutive指小（词）diminutive suffix指小后缀directories of agencies机构指南disambiguation消除歧义discourse meaning话语意义discrimination辨异，词义辨析disjunct分离性副词distinctive feature区别性特征distributional analysis分布分析法ditransitive verb双宾语动词ditto“同上”号（″）division into syllables分音节DJ丹尼尔▪琼斯标音法domesticated word归化词dominant sense主要意义double brackets双方括号double check双核对号（√）double dagger双剑号（╪）double scale组成一对的同义词double virgules双斜线号（//）doublet同源异体字echoic word拟声词edition版本editor编辑EFL lexicography英语作为外语的学习词典学electronic bilingual dictionary电子双语词典electronic dictionary电子词典electronic lexicography电子词典学elevation of meaning词义的扬升ellipsis省略号（…）ELT lexicography英语教学词典学emotive meaning情感意义emotive overtone感情色彩empirical ordering经验排列enclitic后接词encode编码，组码encoding dictionary编码词典encoding function编码功能encyclopedia百科全书encyclopedia definition百科释义encyclopedic dictionary百科词典encyclopedic entry百科条目encyclopedic matter百科信息English Philological Society英语语文协会entailed meaning蕴含意义entry条目，词条entry pane条目窗entry word词目ephemeral word瞬息新词equivalent对应词equivalent analogue等值的对应体ESL(English as second language)作为第二语言的英语ethnolinguistic bilingual dictionary人类语言学双语词典etymological dictionary词源词典etymology词源（学）euphemism委婉语everyday expression日常用语example,example-sentence例句exclamation mark感叹号exegetic dictionary注释词典exemplification括注法explanatory definition解说式释义explanatory equivanlent解释对等词explanatory gloss解释性说明explicit cross-reference明示互参extended sense引申意义extension外延extension of meaning语义扩大extinct language死语，死亡语extralinguistic context语言外语境familiar style非正式文体family of languages语系field场field theory词场理论field label学科标注figurative meaning比喻意义figurative speech比喻语figurative-metaphorical比喻隐喻的figure of speech修辞格file资料档案files of citation引例档案filler-in填空词fist参见号fixed accent固定重音fixed collocation固定搭配fixed phrase固定短语fixed stress固定重音fixed word-combination固定词组fixed word-order固定词序folk definition通俗释义folk etymology民俗词源，俗词源学folk speech民间语folk usage通俗用法folk-etymological民俗词源的forcing example强迫性例证foreign affix外来词缀foreign learner’s dictionary外国学习者词典foreign word外来词，外语词foreignism外来词语form of address称呼形式form speech正式言语form style正式文体form word形式词format板式，开本formative构词成分formulaic definition程式释义four-letter word四字母语，粗俗词语frame(structure)框架（结构）free combination自由组合free morpheme自由语素free root自由词根free translation意译free variant自由变体free variation自由变异free word order自由词序French quotes法文引号，书名号frequency词频frequency word-book频率词表front and back clipping对词的首部与尾部的缩略front clipping对词的首部的缩略front matter前页部分front matter,front page material前页，前页材料，（正文前的）材料frozen expression定型短语frozen style拘谨文体full homonym实足同形同音异义词full word实词，完全词function word功能词，虚词functional equivalent功能等值functional label功能标注functional language功能语言functional marker功能标记functional typology功能分类法functional varieties功能变体functional word功能词，虚词fuzzy terms模糊词语gazetteer地名索引，地名词典gem dictionary珍宝词典，精选词典general concordance普通词表general dictionary通用词典；普通词典generalization of meaning词的普遍化general-purpose bilingual dictionary综合性双语词典，通用双语词典general-purpose dictionary综合性（语文）词典general-purpose English dictionary综合性英语词典generative dictionary生成词典generic term类属词genus总属genus proximum近种geographical dictionary地理词典geographical entry地理条目geographical sources地理资料ghostword鬼词，别字giving synonyms同义词释义gleaning补遗gloss夹注，注释glossary注释词表，术语汇编glueword连接词gobbledygook官样文章Gothic writing哥特体字，黑体字governed word受支配词governing word支配词government publications政府出版物gradable adjective等级形容词grammar语法grammatical bound meaning受语法限制的意义grammatical coding语法代码grammatical collocation语法搭配grammatical context语法语境grammatical function语法功能grammatical information语法信息grammatical labeling语法代码grammatical marker语法标记grammatical motivation语法理据grammatical pattern语法模式grammatical sequence语法序列grammatically-partial word虚词graphic illustration插图，图解graphic substance形的实体graphic symbol书写符号guide word眉题，向导词habitual collocation习惯性搭配habitual co-occurrence习惯性同现handheld electronic dictionary掌上电子词典haplography掉字，漏写hard word难词head phrase词条headword词目heavy-duty word重负荷词hesitation-form犹豫形式hierarchical structure层级结构hierarchical system层级系统hieroglyphic writing象形文字high word高位词historical comparative linguistics历史比较语言学historical dictionary（按历史原则编写的）历史词典historical lexicography历史词典学historical ordering历史排列historical principle历史性原则historism历史词语homograph同形异义词homography同形异义homonym同音异义词，同形异义词homonymy同音异义，同形异义homophone mark同音号humorous幽默的hybrid混合词hybrid language混杂词hybrid word混合词，杂交词hyperonym总义词hypersemanticized discourse超语义化的说法hyphen连字符；隔音号hyphenated name连号hyphenation断词hyphenation routine连字法规则hypocoristic form爱称形式hypocoristic word爱称词hyponym下义词hyponymy下义关系identifying indication识别性说明ideogram表意文字ideographic symble表意符号ideographic writing表意文字ideography表意文字研究ideographical dictionary概念词典，义类词典ideographical function意识功能idiom习语，成语idiomatic expression习惯性词语idiomatic usage习惯用法idiomatics习语学，成语学illiterate language文盲用语illustration插图，例证illustrative citation例证，引证illustrative example说明性例句；例证illustrative quotation例证imitation binding仿古装帧imitative semantic change语义变化模仿immediate postpositive直接后置形容词implicative method隐含法implicit cross-reference暗示互参impolite word不礼貌用语imposition强加inappropriate不得体的indention缩格index索引index verborum词语出处索引indexation索引检索indexes&abstracts索引与摘要indexing language索引语言infix中缀inflected language屈折语inflection屈折变化inflectional affix屈折词缀inflectional language屈折语inflectional morpheme屈折词素inflectional variant屈折变体inflective language屈折语inflexion屈折变化inflexional ending词尾屈折inflexional language屈折语inflexional series屈折序列inflexional suffix屈折后缀informal style非正式文体informant语言调查合作人information card背景资料卡information category信息范畴information retrieval language情报检索语言informative dictionary知识性词典initial inflexion开首屈折initial part词首部分initialism首字母连写词inkhorn term学究气的用语innovation新造词insertible equivalent可插入对应词instruction manual说明手册instrument language古今语言instrumental case工具格intensifier强调成分interactive dictionary交互词典interface language接口语言interjection感叹词interlingual dictionary语际词典interlingual interference语际障碍interlingual purism语际语言纯正主义International Phonetic Alphabet(IPA)国际音标，国际音标注音法internationalism国际词intimate style亲昵语体intralingual purism内部语言纯正主义introspective example自省性例证invented example自造词irregular inflection不规则屈折形式italic斜体字italic bold-face type斜黑体jargon行话KK KK音标koine共通语，共同语language for specific purposes专门用途语言language notes语言说明language transfer语言迁移language typology语言类型学langue语言，语言系统latent word潜在词Latinism拉丁词语learned word文言词learner’s dictionary学生词典lemma词目lemma unit词目单位letter-by-letter arrangement纯字母排列法lexeme词汇单位；词位，词素，词项lexical词汇的，语词的lexical ambiguity词汇歧义；词汇模糊性lexical collocation词汇搭配lexical context词汇语境lexical density词汇密度lexical entry词项，语词条目lexical equivalent词义对应词lexical expression词汇表达方式lexical field词汇场lexical gap词汇空缺lexical grammar词汇语法lexical item词汇单位；词位，词素，词项lexical meaning词汇意义lexical set词群，词集lexical stock词汇总库lexical unit词汇单位lexical word词汇词lexicographer词典学家，词典编篡者lexicographese词典用语lexicographic context词典语境lexicography词典学，词典编篡，词典编篡学lexicology词汇学lexicon词典（尤指古代语言的词典）；词库ligature连音符lingua franca混合语，通用语，交际语linguistic context语言语境linguistic dictionary语文词典linguistic matter语言信息linguistic typology硬译分类学linguistics across culture跨文化语言学literal error排字错误，印刷错误literal meaning字面意义literal translation直译，硬译literary书面语literary language文学语言literary standard文学标准语literary word书面词语live suffix活后缀living affix现在通用的词缀living conjugation“活”的（词形）变化living language现用语言，活语言living word现在通用的词汇loan blend借词混成词，借词拼缀词loan shift转用借词loan translation翻译借词，仿译词loan word借词，外来词local dialect地方方言locution措词logical definition逻辑式定义logical ordering逻辑排列logographic lexicon字典logography速记符long vowel长元音lower-case letter小写字母（印刷用语）LSP lexicography专业英语词典学machine-readable dictionary机读词典machine-aided lexicography机助词典学macro-lexicography宏观词典学macron长音符（加在元音上的“-”）macrostructure宏观结构made-up example自造例main word主导词majuscule大写字母makeshift language代用语言malformation构词错误，误构manual手册maps&atlases地图与地图集marginal meaning外延意义mark,marker标记master index总索引meaning意义meaning discrimination词义辨析meaning-oriented principle意义中心原则means of access检索途径measure adjective度量形容词measure noun度量名词mechanical dictionary电脑词典mediostructure中间结构medium dictionary中型词典megastruture整体结构metalanguage元语言metalexicography元词典学metaphor隐喻metaphoric meaning比喻意义，喻义metaplasm词形变异methodology方法论metonymy换喻，转喻microcontext微观语境microglossary微词典microlexicography微观词典学microstructure微观结构middle matter正文部分midline dot分节点mixed language混合语modal verb情态动词mode式momentary event verb瞬间动作动词monolingual dictionary单语词典monolingual lexicography单语词典学monosemic word单义词monosemy单义性moribund language垂死语言morpheme语素morpheme word语素词morphemic arrangement语素顺序排列morphemic dictionary词素词典morphemical mark形态符号morphology词法morphology label词法标注mother tongue negative transfer母语负迁移motional verb动作动词motivated word有理据的词motivation of word词的理据multi-lingual dictionary多语词典multilingual lexicography多语词典学multi-media dictionary多媒体词典multiword lexical unit多单词词位，复词词汇单位narrow Romic严式罗密克音标narrow transcription严式音标，窄式记音法narrowed meaning狭义narrowing词义缩小native affix本族词缀native language本族语native speaker说本族语的人native speaker’s dictionary本族语词典native word本族词natural language自然语言near-synonym近义词negative transfer负迁移neoclassic formation新古典词的构词法neoclassic word新古典词neologism新词nest(ing)派生词群nest-alphabetic method词集字母排列法nil-equivalent零对应词，无对应词noetics义位学nomenclature术语集nominal definition名目定义nonce-word临时词non-designative非指称词non-echoic word非拟声词non-gradable adjective非等级形容词non-historical dictionary非历史词典non-insertible equivalent非插入对应词non-productive无构词能力的non-restrictive collocation非限制性搭配nonstandard非标准（用语）normal dictionary传统词典normative dictionary规范词典normative lexicography规范性词典学notional passive意义上被动notional system概念系统notional word实义词noun名词noun adjunct附加名词noun cluster名词词组noun compound复合名词noun of multitude群体名词noun-drivative派生名词now rare目前少用nuance细微差别numbered clause分节号（§）numeral数词object宾语object language目的语，对象语言obsolescent陈旧的obsolete已废的obsolete affix废缀obsolete word旧词obsoletism已废弃的词语one-phrase definition单一短语释义法one-to-one correspondence一一对应one-to-one equivalent一一对等on-line dictionary在线词典，网络词典onomasiological gap词汇空缺；名称空缺onomasiology定名学onomasticon专名词典onomatopoeic word拟声词open combination开放型组合open corpus开放式语料库open-class words开放性词类opposite meaning对立意义optional variant随意变体oratorical style演说文体ordinal number序数词ordinals序数词orthographic criterion书写标准orthographic syllable拼法音节orthography正字法，拼写法ostensive definition直观定义ostensive definition直观释义法output language输出语outside matter正文外部分overall-descriptive dictionary全面描写词典over-defining过度释义P marker短语标记pagination页码检索paper dictionary纸质词典paradigm（名词、动词等的）词形变化表paragraph分节号（§）；段落；段落号（▪）parallel bars平行号（║）parent language母语，源语parentheses圆括号parole言语paronym形似词partial conversion部分词类转化partial equivalent部分对应词partial homonym部分同音同形异义词participle分词particle小品词，语助词parts of speech词类parts-of-speech label词性标注passive dictionary被动型词典，消极词典patois土话pedagogical dictionary教学词典pedagogical lexicography教学词典学pejorative轻蔑词pejorative epithet表贬损的修饰语pejorative suffix贬义后缀perfect antonym完全反义词perfect equivalence完全对等perfect equivalent完全对等词perfect homonym完全同音同形异义词period句号period dictionary断代词典period lexicography断代词典学peripheral kinds of vocabulary边缘性词汇peripheral language外围语periphrastic definition迂回定义peroration of meaning词义的降格personal suffix人称后缀phantom word幻象词phenomenological typology现象分类法philological bilingual dictionary语文学双语词典philological dictionary语文词典philology语文学phoneme音位，音素phonemic notation音标，音位标音法phonemic transcription音位标音phonemic word音位词phonemics音位学，音素学phonetic acronym语音缩写词phonetic alphabet音标，语音字母phonetic change语音演变phonetic convergence音变的汇合phonetic hyphen隔音号（-）phonetic motivation拟声理据phonetic pattern语音模式phonetic spelling表音拼写法phonetic syllable语音音节phonetic symbol音标，音符phonetic transcription注音，标音法phonetic writing拼音文字phoneticism音标拼词法phonographic alphabet表音字母phonology音系学，音位学phrasal verb短语动词phrase短语，词组phrase clipping短语略写phrase idiom惯用短语phrase marker短语标记phraseological dictionary熟语词典phraseological lexicography熟语词典学phraseology熟语，熟语集phrasing措词pictograph象形文字pictographic writing图画文字pictorial arrangement图式顺序排列pictorial dictionary图画词典pictorial illustration插图pidgin混杂语pidgin English洋泾浜英语plurality复数性，多重性plurilingual多语种的plurilingualism多语制pocket dictionary袖珍词典pocket electronic dictionary掌上电子词典poetic word诗歌用语poetical archaic word诗用古词poetry诗体poetism诗体词语polite formulas礼貌套语polylingual多语种的polylingual dictionary多语种对照词典polylingualism多语制polyseme,polysemous word多义词（现象）polysemy多义现象，一词多义polysyllable多音节词polytechnic dictionary科技词典popular etymology俗词源学popular language俗语popular word俗语词portmanteau word紧缩词post-modifier后置修饰语postpositive后置形容词pragmalinguistics语用语言学pragmatic analysis语用分析pragmatic equivalent语用对应词pragmatic failure语用失误pragmatics语用学predeterminer前置限定词predicative表语preface序言prefix前缀prefixation加前缀premodifier前置修饰语prescriptive规范性的prescriptive dictionary规范词典prescriptive grammar规定语法prescriptive lexicography规定性词典学prescriptive trend规定性倾向prescriptivism规定主义present participle现在分词presentational affix表义词缀presentational or tectonic typology表述（或构造）分类法primary accent主重音primary linguistic data第一手语言资料primary meaning本义primitive原始词principal language主体语言print dictionary印刷型词典printing印刷proclitic后接发音词productive activity（说、写等）产出性活动productive affix有派生能力的词缀，派生词缀productive bilingual dictionary能产性双语词典productive dictionary产出型词典productive function产出功能productivity能产性pronominal adjective代词性形容词pronouncing dictionary发音词典pronunciation key发音表prototype原型proverb谚语provincial standard地方标准punctuation mark标点符号punning双关语purism语言纯正主义purrword褒词quadrilingual dictionary四语词典quasi-normative bilingual dictionary准规范化双语词典quasi-synonym准同义词quasi-synoymous word准同义词questionnaire问卷，调查表quotation书证quotation mark引号radiation（词义的）辐射radical词根，部首radical flexion词根屈折radical language词根语radical sense原始义range of application使用范围range of collocation搭配范围rare罕用reading programme阅读项目real definition真实定义realization体现关系Received Pronunciation(RP)标准发音receptive activity接收活动receptive function接收功能receptor language接收语reciprocal dictionary互补词典reciprocal relation相互关系reduced entry减缩词条reduplication重叠reduplicative word重叠词reference参见reference book工具书reference dictionary查考型词典reference matter检索信息reference mark检索符号reference need检索目的reference skill检索技巧reference unit检索单位referent所指事物，词目所指的对象referential definition所指释义referential meaning information所指意义referential pragmatics指代语用学referential symbolism所指符号refinement修饰reflected meaning发射意义regional word地区性词regionalism区域词语register域register label语域标注relational word关系词relative synonym相对同义词，近义词reroute重新查找respelling schemes重拼法respelling system重拼发音符号系统restricted language限制性语言restriction of meaning词义的限制restrictive collocation限制性搭配reverse dictionary逆序词典rheme述位rhyming dictionary音韵词典Roman type正体字root词根root antonym词根反义词root inflexion词根屈折root form词根形式，根式round brackets圆括号runic writing北欧古代文字running head向导词run-on(entry)副词目，内词条sandhi连读变音scholarly dictionary学术词典schoolboy slang学生俚语scientific terminology科技术语search检索，搜索searching window检索窗secondary accent次重音，次重音号secondary compound二次复合词secondary derivative次派生词secondary language第二语言secondary meaning次要意义secondary morpheme-word次语素词secondary phoneme次音位secondary stress次重音segmental dictionary部分语词词典，特种语词词典selection of entries(articles)选条selection of head characters选字selection of headwords选词selection preference选择倾向selection restriction选择限制sell-aware form自觉形式semantic affinity语义一致semantic arrangement语义顺序排列semantic coincidence语义重合semantic component语义成分semantic condensation语义缩合semantic contradiction语义矛盾semantic contrast语义对比semantic criterion语义标准semantic dictionary主题词典semantic divergence词义分化semantic extension语义扩展semantic factor语义因素semantic field语义场semantic function语义功能semantic glosses语义注释semantic inclusion语义包容semantic intersection语义交叉semantic marker语义标记semantic motivation语义理据semantic properties语义特征semantic prototype model语义原型模式semantic shift语义演变semantics语义学sememe义素semi-bilingual半双解semicolon分号semiology,semiotics符号学semi-unabridged dictionary半足本词典sense义项sense discrimination义项区分sense relation义项关系sentence connector连接词sentence idiom成语性句子sentence pattern句型sentence substitute替代词set expression固定词语shades of meaning语义色彩shift sign移位符（加在元音上的符号，如︵，′）short cuts词义速查short vowel短音符shortening缩短法signification词义singularity单数性slang俚语slang dictionary俚语词典slang expression俚语词语slang word俚语词slant斜线号（/）slip资料卡small capital小大写small dictionary小型词典snarl word贬词social dialect社会方言social-situational feature社会情景特征social-cultural meaning社会文化意义sociopragmatic information社会语用信息sociopragmatics社会语用学solecism语法错误solid compound固定复合词sound pattern语音模式sound shift语音演变sound system语音系统sound-variation语音变异source蓝本sources of statistics统计资料speaker-meaning说话人的用意special dictionary专科词典special lexicography专科词典学special pages专题页special-field dictionary专科词典specialized dictionary专门词典specialized meaning专用义specific term/word狭义词specifying gloss规定性注释speech act言语行为speech level label语言层次标注speech mechanism言语机制speech recognition言语识别speech repertoire活用语言库。
全新版大学英语第二版听说教程2答案
Unit 1 SportsPart CShort ConversationsYou’re going to hear five short conversations. Listen carefully and choose the right answers to the questions you hear.1. a. Basketball. b. Volleyball.c. Table tennis.d. Tennis.2. a. Boxing is one of his favorite sports.b. Boxing is the only kind of sport he likes.c. He doesn’t like boxing at all.d. He doesn’t like boxing very much.3. a. He finds it too long.b. He thinks it could be more exciting.c. He doesn’t like it at all.d. He likes it, but not very much.4. a. He doesn’t know how to play chess.b. He doesn’t like playing chess very much.c. He can’t play chess well.d. He’s a good chess player.5. a. He was a good football player in high school.b. He kept track of the football players and games when he was in high school.c. He shows no interest in football now.d. He’s busy playing golf as well as football now.Script:1. W: I like playing basketball, volleyball and table tennis. What about you?M: Well, tennis is my favorite sport.Q: Which sport does the man like?2. W: You don’t like boxing very much, do you?M: It’s far from being my kind of sport.Q: What does the man mean?3. W: I think yesterday’s football game was quite exciting. What about you, John?M: You said it. But it was a bit long.Q: What does the man think about the football game?4. W: Do you like to play chess?M: I like the game, but I don’t play it often enough. I’m afraid I’m not a very good chess player.Q: What does the man mean?5. M: I knew the names of all the football players and the dates of all the games in my high schooldays. But recently I have failed to keep up with football.W: Now you’re busy with your golf games.Q: What do you know about the man from the conversation?Unit 2 Food and DrinksPart CTest Your ListeningA ConversationListen to the conversation and choose the right answers to the questions.1. What is the relationship between the two speakers?a. Classmates.b. Co-workers.c. Waiter and diner.d. Strangers.2. Where does the conversation take place?a. At McDonald’s.b. At Kentucky Fried Chicken.c. At an Italian restaurant.d. At Pizza Hut.3. What will they order?a. Pizza, salad and iced water.b. Soup, hamburger and coffee.c. Sandwich, spaghetti and red wine.d. Spaghetti, salad, coffee, Coke and iced water. Script:A: Well, here we are, not too crowded.B: Great! Let’s order quickly so we can chat a little.A: OK. What are you in the mood for?B: Something light. I had a huge breakfast and I’m still full.A: There are three salads. Or you could have soup and a sandwich.B: What are you having? A hamburger, I suppose.A: No, actually I ate out last night. We had pizza at Pizza Hut, then a late snack at Kentucky Fried Chicken.B: Oh, dear. Well, maybe you should have a salad.A: Yes, I think so. Look, the daily special is spaghetti. That sounds good.B: Oh, the prices are great too. I’ll have that as well.A: Now let’s decide on drinks.B: I’ll just have coffee and a glass of iced water.A: Italian food needs red wine, you know.B: But we have to go back to work.A: OK, a Coke for me then.B: Here comes the waitress. Let me order first.Unit 3 WeatherPart CTest Your ListeningShort ConversationsYou’re going to hear five short conversations. List en carefully and choose the right answers to the questions you hear.1. a. Snowy and windy.b. Cold and rainy.c. Snowy and icy.d. Windy and rainy.2. a. It will get warmer soon.b. It may get even colder.c. This is the coldest winter ever.d. The weather has never been so bad before.3. a. The man is sure the weather will be fine soon.b. According to the forecast the weather will be fine soon.c. If it keeps raining, they will cancel what they have planned to do.d. If it rains hard, they will postpone what they have planned to do.4. a. It’s cold in New York now.b. It’s very hot in New York now.c. The woman thinks New York and Beijing have similar weather.d. The man is going to visit New York.5. a. They’d better change their mind about playing tenni s tomorrow.b. They shouldn’t change their plan.c. They can play tennis in the morning.d. They won’t pla y tennis long.Script:1. W: It’s been freezing for the last few days.M: Yes. And the forecast says there will be more snow next week, accompanied by strong winds. Q: What will the weather be like next week?2. M: We haven’t had such a severe wint er for a long time, have we?W: No, and the forecast says it’s going to get worse before it warms up.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?3. W: What if it rains hard? What are we going to do?M: I think it will clear up soon. But if it keeps raining, the whole thing will have to be cancelled. Q: What can we learn from the conversation?4. M: How was the weather when you left New York?W: It was very much like the weather in Beijing. You don’t have to take a lot of clothes.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?5. W: If it is this hot tomorrow, we may have to give up the ideaof playing tennis in the afternoon. M: The weather forecast says it will cloud over by noon.Q: What does the man mean?Unit 4 MusicPart CTest Your ListeningA Compound DictationListen to the passage three times and supply the missing information.Celine Dion is the youngest of 14 children in a working-classfamily in Quebec, Canada. Her parents, who both loved music, 1) encouraged her to develop her musical 2) talent. At 12, Celine had 3) composed the song “It Was Only a Dream”. Her mother and brother helped her to make a recording of that song and sent it off to an address they found on an album of a popular French singer. The address was that of Rene Angelil, who became her first 4) conquest, but there would be millions more.Celine’s rise from a teenage singer to a pop superstar has been 5) steady, but not without difficulties. Record companies were at first less 6) enthusiastic about 7) investing in a teenager than Angelil, who mortgaged his own home to pay for her first album. But her first two albums won a great success. And by 1983 she became the first Canadian ever to have a gold record in France.In 1990, Celine made her first English language record with Unison but 8) her real breakthrough in America came when she was selected by Disney to sing the theme song of Beauty and the Beast. The song went to No.1 on the chart and won both a Grammy and an Academy award. 9) In 1996 she performed at the opening ceremony of the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games and in 1997 she recorded the theme song for Titanic, and her name became synonymous with the enormously successful film.Celine Dion’s favorite theme is love.10) She sings the depth and the p ower of love in a great many of her hits such as “Love Can Move Mountains”, “Because You Loved Me”, “The Power of Love” and, of course, the theme song of Titanic, “My Heart Will Go On”.Unit 5 HealthPart CTest Your ListeningShort ConversationsYou’re going to hear five short conversations. Listen carefully and choose the right answers to the questions you hear.1. a. She feels better today.b. She’ll be OK so on.c. She’s going to see the doctor today.d. She’s not well.2. a. Jack will come back in three weeks.b. Jack is very sick.c. Both the man and the woman miss Jack a lot.d. Both the man and the woman are concerned about Jack’s health.3. a. Eating dinner at very late hours.b. Eating wrong kinds of food.c. Eating too much.d. Eating too little.4. a. He will go to school in a couple of days.b. He is quite all right today.c. He is being treated in hospital.d. He has been ill for a couple of days.5. a. He had an operation last week.b. He needs further treatment in hospital.c. He has had a checkup recently.d. He is going to see the doctor again.Script:1. W: Jane kept coughing and couldn’t go to sleep all night.M: She must be sick. I hope she’s better today.Q:What do you know about Jane?2. M: I haven’t seen Jack for ages.W: Neither have I. But I heard he had been in hospital for three weeks.Q:What do you learn from the conversation?3. W: Doctor, I’ve been suffering from a stomachache for qu ite a long time.M: Tell me what you usually eat. You know eating properly is very important for health. Q: What does the doctor say about the possible cause of the woman’s illness?4. M: H ow is your son Peter feeling today?W: Much better than yesterday. But he still needs to rest for a couple of days before going to school.Q: What does the woman say about Peter?5. M: H ow is your husband after the operation?W: He’s getting better. But he still needs to go to the hospital for a checkup in a w eek. Q:What does the woman say about her husband?Unit 6 BusinessPart CTest Your ListeningA PassageListen to the story and choose the right answers to the questions.1. What did Mr. Stevenson’s store sell?a. Family furniture.b. Sports apparatus.c. General appliances.d. Things for newly-weds.2. Why did many newly-weds usually walk away at the end of their inquiry?a. They knew they could buy better-quality appliances elsewhere.b. They were bored with the owner’s long speech.c. They wanted to compare prices at other stores.d. They didn’t think the store could meet their needs.3. Which of the following best describes Mr. Stevenson’s attitude towards his customers?a. Polite and patient.b. Polite but inflexible.c. Generous and kind. d. Snobbish and rude.4. What was Mr. Stevenson’s response to the young couple’s refusal?a. He was not disappointed at all because he was accustomed to it.b. He couldn’t hide his disappointment.c. He felt disappointed but smiled and then moved aside.d. He didn’t show his disappointment and tried his best to win their trust.5. Why did the young couple finally decide to place an order?a. They were touched by the owner’s hospitality.b. They wanted to help the owner with his family business.c. They thought the owner was honest and sincere.d. They realized how important after-sales services were.Script:Mr. Stevenson was the owner of a general appliance store. He had seen many newly-weds coming into his store to shop for their first refrigerator, washer and dryer, and air-conditioner. Pen and pencil in hand, they would ask him a lot of questions about price, features and after-sales services, but they would usually walk away at the end of their inquiry.The other day a young couple came into his store. They asked himall the usual questions and he answered all of them patiently. But whenhe suggested an order at the end, they replied firmly, “We’ll have to look around places first.”Although feeling a bit disappointed, Mr. Stevenson did not show it. Instead, he smiled, moved closer and said, “I know you will go to Discount Dan to look at the price tags. That’s perfectly understandable.I do the same. In fact, they sell the same stuff as we do. But if youbuy things there, there is something you will not get, a nd that is me.I come with everything I sell. I’ve been in the business for thirty years and in a few years’ time I’m going to give my store to my daughter and son-in-law. I hope they will carry on the family business.I stand behind everything I sell and I will make sure that you willnever regret buying things from me.”After this short speech Mr. Stevenson offered the young couple some ice cream to thank them for their interest.Impressed by his honesty and sincerity, the young couple decided to place an order.Unit 7 FashionPart CTest Your ListeningA Compound DictationListen to the passage three times and supply the missing information.Vera Wang has become a 1) significant figure in the American fashion industry in a 2) relatively short period of time. She has no formal design training because her father wouldn’t let her go to art school and wanted her to 3) concentrate on more “practical subjects”. After earning a degree in 4) liberal arts, Vera worked as an 5) editor at Vogue for 17 years and as a design director of Ralph Lauren for two years. In 1990 she opened her first boutique on Madison Avenue in New York, in a less expensive line of 6) ready-to-wear bridal and evening dresses. She chose bridal wear for she wanted to build a fashion company starting with one market and then 7) expand into others. Shebecame a household name in 1994 when she designed stylish costumes for figure skater Nancy Kerrigan to wear in the Winter Olympics.8) Vera Wang herself is a very good skater and she had Olympic dreams too. But that dream was crushed when she did not win at the National Figure Skating Championships in 1968. 9) However her love for the sport never ceased. “I wanted to make an artistic contrib ution to the sport,” she said.10) “I don’t know if designing costumes for Nancy has been goodin terms of actual sales, but it has been tremendous for name recognition.”Unit 8 SocietyPart CTest Your ListeningA PassageListen to the story and choose the right answers to the questions.1. When and where was a newborn baby found?a. In a deserted park yesterday.b. In a rock garden early yesterday morning.c. On a rock in Central Park early yesterday morning.d. In lower Manhattan before dawn yesterday.2. How did the police feel when they found the baby?a. Sorry.b. Surprised.c. Unhappy.d. Relieved.3. Who might be the woman that had abandoned her baby?a. A young homeless woman who called the head of Hope Foundation.b. A woman who called a fire station early yesterday.c. A homeless woman who called a hospital hotline.d. A homeless woman who called a baby rescue hotline early yesterday.4. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?a. The Hop e Foundation couldn’t help the woman.b. The police are determined to find the mother.c. The mother gave up her baby because she was homeless.d. The mother was eager to hide her identity.Script:A healthy newborn girl was discovered in Central Park yesterday morning. The baby was abandoned on the top of a rock shortly before dawn after the mother gave birth to her there. The police said that the baby was healthy and weighed 7 pounds. Now they were searching for the mother.A policeman said that they had never had anything like this before. They really didn’t get babies left in the park. But they were just happy the baby was all right. The police rushed the baby to a nearby hospital. Fortunately she was OK. The police believed the baby was born less than half an hour before she was discovered. They also believed, judging from the amount of blood found on the rock, that the mother might have given birth there. It was 70 degrees when the baby was found.Detectives were investigating whether the mother was a homeless woman who called a baby rescue hotline early yesterday. The head of Hope Foundation said that his hotline received a call about 5:30 a.m. from a young homeless woman in Manhattan. The caller asked, “How do I get ridof my baby?” She wa s apparently in labor. Then she was told to go to e ither a hospital or a fire station. But the woman was afraid she wouldbe recognized there. The head also said that the woman wouldn’t eventell him where he could possibly meet her since they had two teams that could help with the delivery, if necessary.Unit 9 Dreams and AmbitionsPart CTest Your ListeningA PassageListen to the passage and choose the right answers to the questions.1. When did Zaslow start writing stories?a. In 1988.b. In his childhood.c. At Carnegie Mellon University.d. At the Chicago Sun-Times.2. How old was Zaslow when his column became popular with readersin Chicago?a. 33.b. 31.c. 28.d. 41.3. What is the major benefit Zaslow has got from his years in the advice business?a. He has realized his dream of becoming a writer.b. He has greater faith in his fellow men.c. He earns a good salary.d. He has made many friends.4. What can be inferred from the passage?a. People playing the roles of cartoon figures at Disney World had a hard life.b. Zaslow did not like his job at the Wall Street Journal.c. Jeffrey Zaslow was a better advice columnist than Ann Landers.d. To be an advice colum nist has always been Zaslow’s dream.Script:Jeffrey Zaslow, the advice columnist for the Chicago Sun-Times, grew up in suburban Philadelphia. His biggest ambition in life was to be a writer. “I never wanted to be anything else,” he says. “I was tenor el even when I saw Gone with the Wind and I wrote my own Civil War story.”After earning a degree in creative writing at Carnegie Mellon University, he got a job at a newspaper in Orlando, Florida. He made his mark with his article on the rough working conditions endured by the people inside the Mickey and Minnie costumes at Walt Disney World. Later he became a staff writer for the Wall Street Journal.In 1988, when the famous advice columnist, Ann Landers, quit herjob at the Chicago Sun-Times, the paper launched a nationwide contest to find her replacement. Jeffrey Zaslow applied. Among the 12,000 contestants, women outnumbered men nine to one, and most of them had seen a lot more of life than Zaslow, who was 28 and not married. When he reached the semifinals, his editors at the Journal ra n a headline: “Why He’ll Never Make It.” But Jeffrey did make it in the finals.Today, thirteen years later, his column, “All That Zazz,” is read by thousands of readers in the Chicago area. His years in the advice business left him with a deep appreciation for people and their problems. He is also greatly moved by the generosity, sincerity and good nature of his readers. “Wonderful people,” he says, “do outnumber terrible people in this world. I have much more faith in my fellow me n than Ihad before. A nd I’ve read plenty of letters to back that up.”Unit 10 DisastersPart CTest Your ListeningA PassageListen to the passage and choose the right answers to the questions.1. What does the passage mainly tell us?a. How Jan and five others were helped out of an elevator by firefighters.b. How Jan rescued five passengers in an elevator.c. How Jan saved himself and five others.d. How Jan escaped death with his courage and wisdom.2. Which of the following is true?a. Jan and the five others had only one hour to escape from the damaged building.b. After they kicked the wall apart they found themselves in the corridor of the 50th floor of thebuilding.c. The North Tower collapsed at 10:23 a.m. that day.d. It took Jan 95 minutes to escape death.3. What does Jan do?a. He’s a window cleaner.b. He’s an elevator operator.c. He’s an elevator cleaner.d. He’s an office worker.4. Which of the following can best describe Jan?a. Kind-hearted.b. Strong-willed.c. Calm.d. Brave.Script:On the morning of September 11th Jan was in an elevator of the North Tower of the World Trade Center with his window cleaning equipment when the building was hit.There were five other passengers in the elevator. All of a sudden the building shook and the elevator stopped and began to swing to and fro. Although the men were not aware of it, they had only 100 minutes to get out of the damaged tower before it would crumble to dust.Soon smoke began coming into the elevator. The men realized that something was wrong. They forced the doors open only to find a wall infront of them! The wall had the number 50 on it and they knew they were at the 50th floor. But their elevator normally did not stop there, so there was no opening for them to escape. Jan decided that they would have to make their own.Knowing that the wall was made of a material that could be cut through, Jan grabbed his 18-inch squeegee, and began chopping away at the wall. When he felt tired, others helped. Starting with one small hole, they cut through the three-inch deep wall and then widened it. Then they kicked the wall, two at the same time. The wall cracked apart. They saw before them a 2-by-4 inch metal beam and a tile wall! Refusing to give up, the desperate men bent the beam, knocked a hole through the tiles, then made the opening big enough to squeeze through. Astonished, firefighters took them to the nearest staircase and they ran down flight after flight. By 10:23, when Jan and the others emerged on the street, they had used up 95 of the 100 minutes they had. Five minutes later, the North Tower crumbled.全新版大学英语听说教程(2)学生用书(虞苏美)答案test1,2 答案.docxtest1 1-8bcbcbcab 9-12 dbdc13-15cbd16stocks17exhibition18techniques19activities20research21modem22soft ware23Deliver y time for email from Europe to the USA is about 1o seconds.24 What's really extraordinary about the Internet is the amout and variety of information available.25 Services are also available than allow you to do your banking,reserve airline tickes, and even shop for a Mother's Day,26-28 cdc29-32ccad 33-35bcaTEAT21-8dcdcdbca9-11dda12-15bcbc 16forecast 17unusual18Fortunaitely19 extreme20rarely21global 22rush23People enjoy discussingthe snoe ,complaining about the cold 24Contrary to popular opinion, it does not rain all the time.25 Thanks to the rain,Britain has a richcountryside, which is famous for its deep green color .26-28adb29-31bac32-35cadb。
compound dictation 练习
Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Students’ pressure sometimes comes from their pare nts. Most parents are well meaning, but some of them aren’t very (36) ________ with the problems their sons and daughters have in (37) ________ to college, and a few of them seem to go out of their way to add to their children’s difficulties.For one thing, parents are often not (38) ________ of the kinds of problems their childr en face. They don’t realize that the competition is (39) ________, that the required (40) ________ of work are higher, and that their children may not be prepared for the change. (41) ________ to seeing A’s and B’s on high school report cards, they may be upset when their children’s first (42) ________ college grades are below that level. At their kindest, they may gently (43) ________ why John or Mary isn’t doing better, whether he or she is trying as hard as he or she should, and so on.(44) . Sometimes parents regard their children as extensions of themselves and (45) . In their involvement and identification with their children, they forget that everyone is different and that each person must develop in his or her own way. They forget that their children, (46) .36. helpful37. adjusting38. aware39. keener40. standards41. accustomed42. semester43. inquire44. at their worst ,they may threaten to take their children out of college or cut off funds45. think it only right and natural that they determine what their children do with their lives46. who are now young adults must, be the ones responsible for what they do and what they are。
Dictation
Dictation
Words Desire n. 愿望，心愿， 要求 Universal adj. 普遍的，全体的，通用的 Mental adj. 精神的，智利的 Physical adj. 身体的， 物质的 Properly adv. 适当地， 完全地 Knowledgeable adj. 知识渊博的， 有见识的 Preserve v. 保护， 保持， 保存， 保藏 Nutritious adj. 有营养成分的， 营养的 Sufficient adj. 充分的，足够的 Well-being n. 康乐， 安宁， 福利
In other words happy people are physically fitter than unhappy people, and the latter are less physically fit than the former. Therefore, if we want to improve our health, we must face life with smiles.
The English and the Americans
The contrasting English and American
patterns have some remarkable implications. When the American wants to be alone he goes into a room and shuts the door---he depends on architectural feature for screening. For an American to refuse to talk to someone else present in the same room. To give them the “silent treatment”, is the ultimate form of rejiction and a sure sign of great displeasure. The English , on the other hand , lacking rooms
(完整版)英语学科教学常用专业词汇
英语教学法1语法翻译法Grammer Translation Method2直接法Direct Method3听说法Audio-lingual Method4情景法又称视听法the situational approach5认知法cognitive approach6交际法communicative approach 功能法functional approach 意念法notional approach功能-意念法functional-notional approach7 任务型教学法task-based language approach任务前Pre-task任务环task-cycle :task, planning, reporting语言聚焦languaga focus: analysis, practice(types of tasks:brainstorming tasks；jigsaw tasks;information-gap tasks;problem-solving tasks;decision-making tasks;opinion exchange tasks)英语语言知识教学一、语音教学teaching pronunciation语流层次的语音教学stress of sentences; rhythms ;sense-group and pause ;liaison and loss of plosion ;intonation three ways to show the stress patterns of words, phrases and sentences:use gestures; use the voice; use the blackboard口语中: elision and assimilation二、词汇教学teaching vocabulary词汇教学模式：PPT模式：presentation, practice, testingLBLT模式：task based language teachingWays of presenting vocabularyf1.try to provide a visual or physical demonstration to show meaning.2.Provide a verbal context to demonstrate meaning.e synonyms, antonyms, to explain meaninge lexical sets or hyponyms to show relations of words and their meanings.5.Translate and exemplify.e word foemation rules and common affixes to build new lexical knowledge on what isalready known.7.Teach vocabulary in chunks.8.Think about the context in real life where the word might be used.9.Think about providing different context for introducing new words.10.Prepare for possible misunderstanding or confusion that students may have.Ways of consolidating vocabularybelling2.Spot the differences3.Describe and draw4.Play a gamee word series6.Word bingo7.Word association8.Find synonyms and antonyms9.Categoriesing word net-working the internet resources for more ideasDeveloping vocabulary learning strategies1.review regualry2.guess meaning from contextanize vocabulary effectivelye a dictionary5.manage strategy use三、语法教学：teaching grammer演绎法the deductive method归纳法the inductive method指导发现法the guided discovery method语法教学模式：行为主义语法教学presentation, explanation, practice, assessment任务型语法教学任务准备，设置语境呈现任务，任务执行，汇报，聚焦练习交际型语法教学：Presentation, practice, practice in contextPresentation, rehearsal, reportIntroduce, practice, produce/communicate语法练习方法Mechanical practice: substitutional drills; transformation drillsmeaningful practice;communicative practice四、语篇教学teaching discourse语篇教学方法整体教学法title, main idea, topic sentence1 Introduction (present situation)---background information—topic sentence—body (supporting detail)—short summary—opinion (prediction)—conclusion (suggestion/solution)—recommendation (calling for action)2 topic sentence—introduction (supporting detail)—thesis statement—topic sentence( major point one)—supporting detail—topic sentence(major point two)—supporting detail—conclusion(short summary)3 general introductory(remarks)—introduction—(narrowing controlling idea)—topic sentence—supporting detail(examples, reasons, arguments)—concluding remarks—conclusion(restatement of controlling idea)线索教学法5W+1H (who, when, where, why, what, how) 时间顺序chronological order背景知识教学法段落提问教学法1 关于主旨题的提问形式The article is mainly about…The main idea of this text may be…The author’s purpose in writing this text..Which of the following is the best title for the passage?Which statement best express the main idea of the paragraph?We can summarize the main idea that…2 关于文章细节Who, when, where, what, why, howWhich of the following is NOT true?According to the passage which of the following is NOT a statement?3 推断型The author implies that..The author suggests that..The tone of this article is…It can be infferred from the text that…4 作者观点类型的提问方式The author believes that…The author thinks that..According to the author…The author agrees with…The author gives his opinion that…The author’s point of view…讨论教学法英语语言技能教学一、听力教学Three teaching stages1 pre-listeningPre-listening activities should aim to motivate students, to active their prior knowledge, and to teach key words or key structures to the students before listening begins so that students are effectively, thematically and linguistically prepared for the listening task.(1)Predicting : teacher can help students by asking leading questions or letting them read thecomprehension questions(2)Setting the scene(3)Listening for the gist: in real life they will not be able to listen to something several times.(4)Listening for specific information: there are situations in real life where we listen only forsome specific information and ignore the rest of the entire messages.2 while-listening(1)No specific response. This can work well with stories or with any kind of materials that isintersting, humorous, or dramatic.(2)Listen and tick. If all the students need to do is tick items, the task will be much easier.(3)Listen and squence. Find out the order of things.(4)Listen and act. Listenning and responding physically to commands or directions.(5)Listen and draw. This type of activity works very well as an information gap activity betweenpairs of students.(6)Listen and fill. All you need to do is to decide which words to take out and replace withblanks.(7)Listen and notes. Listeners take notes while listening.3 post-reading(1)Multiple-choice questions.(2)Answering questions. Open-ended questions and inference questions can be asked.(3)Note-taking and gap-filling.(4)Dictogloss.听力技能训练活动1 辨音Identify the different phonemes;Mark stress, rhythm, meaning group, etc;Imitate; Repeat2 听主旨大意Select the appropriate topic;Creat a synopsis for the listening material构思内容梗概;Match the topic3. 听细节信息Fill in the diagram; choose true or false; answer questions;Put sentences in order according to the listening material;Ask questions about the main points;Put pictures in order after listening to stories;Matching task; dictation; draw pictures; act out4推理判断Choose true or false; answer questions; discuss questions5 猜测词义Ask questions about words and phrases in the listening material to check student s’ understanding Check students’ comprehension of word meanings by substituation;Ask questions on context and help students understand the target vocabulary;Analyze the structure of vocabulary;Analyze the flow of the listening material6 记笔记Spot dictation, compound dictation;Fill in the diagram; fill in the table7 识别交际信息Listen and circle the information;Listen and choose the appropriate information;Listen and match the explanations with the information;Listen and discuss二、口语教学口语教学方法3P模式presentation, practice, productionTBLT模式task-based language teaching: pre-task, while-task, post-task三、阅读教学Three stages of teaching reading1 pre-reading activities(1)Predicting: making reading more intriguing and purposeful.Predicting based on the title, vocabulary, the T/F questions(2)Setting the scene: discussing cultured-bound aspects of the text, relating what students alreadyknow to what they want to know, and use visual aids (real objects, pictures, photos, maps, video, multi-media materials)(3)Skimmning: getting the main idea of the text.(4)Scanning: locating specific information.2 While-reading activitiestraditional exploiting ways: multiple choice questions, T/F questions, open questions, paraphrasing, and translation.3 Post-reading activitiesPost-reading tasks enable students to produce language based on what they learned.PWP阅读教学模式Basic skills:Skimming 略读scanning 寻读Extensive reading 泛读intensive reading 精读四、写作教学A process approach to writing1creating a motivation to writing2brainstorming3mapping ; mapping help ss organize ideas4freewriting5outlining; write a more detailed outline.6Drafting7Editing8Revising9Proofreading10conferencing教学过程的安排Warmming-up 预热环节Leading-in 课堂导入Presentation 新知呈现Practice 课堂操练Consolidation 巩固拓展Summary and homework 总结与作业布置Principles for good lesson planningAim: the things that students are able to do by the end of the classVariety means planning a number of different types of activities and where possible, introducingstudents to a wide selection of materials so that learning is always interesting, motivating and never monotonous for the students.Flexibility means preparing some extra and alternative tasks and activities as the class does not always go according to the plan so that teacher always have options to cope with the unexpected situations rather than being the slaves of written plans or one methodology.Learnability means the contents and tasks planned for the lesson should be within the learning capability of the students. Doing things that are beyond or below the students’ coping ability will diminish their motivation.Linkage means the stages and steps with in each stage are planned in such a way that they are someway linked with each other.The role of the teacher:1 controller,2 assessor,3 organiser,4 prompter,5 participant, 6resource-provider,7 teacher’s new roles: teacher as facilitators, teacher as guides, teacher as researchersStudent grouping:Whole class work, group work, individual study。
Compound Dictation
Compound DictationA．复合式听写的组成：复合式听写分为两个部分，第一部分是单词听写，主要考查考生对单词的语音辨别能力和拼写能力，以及通过上下文判断时态、语态等的分析能力。
第二部分是句子听写，主要考查考生的理解和概括能力。
B．复合式听写的单词考查重点：1、动词：单复数，时态和语态，特殊形式的过去时或过去分词2、名词：单复数，（单复数同形的，如sheep, species, economics, statistics）表示数字的名词（如percent, percentage, dozen, decade, quarter）3、形容词：特别要注意的是音近易混的形容词（如former---formal）过去分词转用的形容词（如civilized），和介词搭配使用的形容词（如familiar with）4、含有前缀或后缀的词5、习惯搭配6、前后逻辑关系(1) 并列、排比、列举或转折处:The man was the Greek philosopher Socrates, and he was put to death for not believing in the recognized gods and for corrupting young people.Anyone may go there and read anything in the collection. But no one is permitted to take books out of the building.(2) 解释处: 破折号处及其他的表示对前面解释说明的地方It costs $200 although you may well want to spend more------perhaps as much as another $200-----on buying additional lenses and other equipment.7 上下文照应及复现The Library of Congress was established in 1800. It started with eleven boxes of books in one room of the Capitol building.C．复合式听写的句子听写重点:1、用于说明主题的细节mericans’ attitudes about privacy can be hard for foreigners to understand. American’s houses, yards, and even their offices can seem open and inviting. Yet, in the minds of Americans, there are boundaries that other people are simply not supposed to cross.2、概括性的结论或主题句Americans assume that people will have their private thoughts that might never be shared with anyone. Doctors, lawyers, psychologists and others have rule governing “confidentiality”…3、并列结构处The term body image refers to the mental image we have of our own physical appearance, and it can be influenced by a variety of factors, including how much we weigh, or how that weight is distributed.4、对比及比较处Socrates had the right to ask for a less severe penalty, and he probably could have persuaded the jury to change the verdict.5、转折处6、含有从句的句子(如,状语从句,同谓语从句或定语从句)Studies show that if the fourth graders fail to read well, they are likely to drop out of school, and less likely to succeed in life.D．复合式听写应注意的问题:1、应尽量在听前大致浏览一遍短文。
英语学科知识与教学能力(高中)必背
英语学科知识与教学能力（高中）必背考点第二部分语言教学知识与能力第一章外语教学基本理论第二节英语教学法一语法翻译法（grammar translation method）（一）语言观：语言是书面语，语言是一种知识，是由语音，语法和词汇构成的符号体系。
（外语教学法史上最早的一个教学法体系）（二）教学目的：培养学生阅读外国文学作品的能力和模仿范文进行写作的能力（三）特点是：教师用母语授课，授课重点是讲解与分析句子成分和语音、词汇变化与语法规则。
（四）评价优点：母语翻译，强调语法学习，深刻理解外语抽象词义和复杂结构缺点：1. 忽视口语教学，学生的语音语调差，不利于培养学生用外语进行交际的能力；2. 教学方式单一，学生容易失去兴趣。
二直接法（direct method）（一）语言观：语言是一种技能或习惯，习惯的养成要靠大量的重复练习和模仿（二）教学目的：培养学生阅读外国文学作品的能力和模仿范文进行写作的能力。
（三）特点：直接学习，直接理解和直接应用（四）评价优点：1. 采用各种直观教具，接近实际生活，培养用外语思维能力；2. 注重语言实践练习，学生学习积极性高，学习兴趣浓厚；3. 重视口语和语音教学，能有效地培养学生的语言运用能力。
缺点：1. 排斥母语，使学生对一些抽象和复杂的概念难以理解；2. 没有明晰的语法解释，导致学生说出的话语法错误较多。
三听说法（audio-lingual method）（一）语言观：语言是口语，是说出来的话，而不是写出来的文字。
（二）特点：以句型操练为中心，着重培养儿童听说能力的外语教学法。
（三）评价优点：培养学生敢于大胆主动地使用所学语言进行交谈，口语能力较强；重听说，初级阶段帮助大，语音语调自然。
缺点：机械操练不利于发展创造性思维，重形式，轻读写，语境不利于灵活应用。
四情景法(the situational approach)（一）概念：情景法也叫视听法。
强调耳，眼等器官以及大脑整体地去感知和认识外语材料，培养学生的听说读写四种能力。
compound dictation
champion - champagne contend - content dessert – desert except – expect
单词部分 2、较难单词拼写 如: (03-1-S1) 、 It’s difficult to imagine the sea ever running out of fish. It’s so vast, so deep, so (S1) mysterious. 短文听写常会出现对一些拼写较复杂单词的考查， 短文听写常会出现对一些拼写较复杂单词的考查， 常是一些含有前缀后缀，或含有重复字母的单词， 常是一些含有前缀后缀，或含有重复字母的单词， 多为名词、形容词。学生在词汇复习时， 多为名词、形容词。学生在词汇复习时，要加强 对词缀的复习。 对词缀的复习。 从词形
从填词位置
单词部分 3、上下文照应及复现 如： 05－1－S2 、 － － We have (S2) investigated a range of different models to see which is the best value for money. After a number of different tests and interviews with people … see 和 tests 的近义复现 所填的词在其前后经常会出现与其相照应的词或 断语，或是该词的近义或反义复现。 断语，或是该词的近义或反义复现。 从填词位置
从信息位置 1、主题句或结论句 如：(03－1－S10) 、 － － (S10) It would make sense to give the fish enough time to recover, grow to full size and reproduce, then catch them in a way that doesn’t kill other innocent sea life. 本句为全文的总结 文章的末尾，往往是对全文的总结或是主题句， 文章的末尾，往往是对全文的总结或是主题句， 而段落的段首或段尾则会出现主题句。 而段落的段首或段尾则会出现主题句。
compound dictation专项练习
There are many different kinds of clubs in America. A club is gather any group of people that 1______ together for a specific purpose. It can be 2 _____, literary, athletic or political. Some clubs are very 3 social _______. People can join at any time and there is no 4 ___. These informal fee kids of clubs meet in schools, people’s homes or public buildings. These are groups of people that share 5 common interest. _______ Some clubs, like the health club have 6_______ that can only facilities apply be used by members and their guests. You have to 7 ______ to join this kind of club. You also must pay a fee to join and then an 8_______ of money every month, called dues. Usually this kind of amount club is a health club or athletic club. Most of these clubs have tennis courts, a swimming pool, a weight room, a snack restaurant and a Members have a card that they show when they fancy restaurant.9 _______________________________________ ____________. When they eat in the restaurant, they do not pay enter the club money. They just show their cards. 10 _______________________ Then a bill is sent to each member at the end of each month _____________________________. This bill includes the member’s dues and any restaurant bills from the entire month. Another kind of club is one where members save money when they buy things. Usually these clubs work through the mail. For You promise to example, if you join a book club or a record club, 11_____________ buy a certain number of books or records during a period of time, ______________________________________________________ ______________. usually one year
1、听力。有三种题型,dialogue(十个对话),passage(三个短文),compound dictation(复合式听写,也就是传
1、听力。
有三种题型，dialogue(十个对话)，passage(三个短文)，compound dictation(复合式听写，也就是传说中的段子题)，第一种每年必考，后两种逐年交替，其中考passage的次数相对较多。
最容易得分的是dialogue和passage，只要记住一个超级技巧即可：对话所述事情总是向不好的方面发展。
举几个例子：比如对话里问教授的讲座lecture难不难，记住一定难，老师的作业assignment多不多，一定多，男士发出的邀请，女士会答应吗，永远不会，永远是一个傻哥们发出邀请，邀请的对象是Mary，问我们游泳好吗，滑冰好吗，跳舞好吗，吃饭好吗，Mary的回答永远是，我非常的想去，but不去，四级考了十几年了，Mary从来没有去过，今年照样不会。
所以大家记住，只要是对话，必然会发生意外的事情，再举个例子，两个选项，A火车准时，B火车晚点如果你是出题老师，你怎么设置对话，当然是晚点了，准时有什么好说的，总不能两个神经病，或者是两人刚谈恋爱，来到车站，没话找话，男的说，哇，火车准时了，女的说，咿！还真准时了耶！所以准时是不可能的，不好的事情一般都是最后的答案！对于compound dictation，上学期偶运气好没有考这个，但是偶觉得这种题确实比较难，只能竖直耳朵专心听了，即使听不懂，也要根据上下文瞎猜一个，空着肯定没分，瞎猜说不定老师看错了还会给你一分！我想补充的是，千万不要听历年真题，不管是磁带还是MP3，这些只会让你觉得更烦，偶当时就只是在偶mp3里面存了一些BACK STREET BOY的as long as you love me，I PROMISE YOU 等和Mariah carey的Always Be My Baby等等，当偶困了的时候就在自习室里假寐一会儿，听歌养神！2、阅读，这是我们应考的重点，阅读题得分的高低直接影响到你是否能过，在这里我针对每种题型谈一谈，(一)事实细节题，据偶的观察，每年必考地方是列举处，即有first，sceond，in addition……的地方，还有举例与打比方的地方，即有as，such ，for instance等出现的地方，有几个应考规律，大家记住，1)选项中照抄或似乎照抄原文的一般不是答案，而同义词替换的是正确答案，2)选项中表达意义较具体，也就是句子较长的一般不是答案而概括性的，抽象的是答案，3)选项中有绝对语气词的比如must，never，merely等不是答案而有不十分肯定语气词的是正确答案，比如could，might，possible等。
Compound_Dictation_I_演示文稿 (1)
Back
1812 Wilson was in the During the War of _____, business of slaughtering and _______ packing meat. ________ shipments of meat to the He provided large _________ barrels that were stamped with US Army, in _______ initials “US”. __________, Supposedly someone who the _______ saw the “US” stamp _________ suggested — perhaps as a joke — that the initials stood for “Uncle Sam” Wilson. The ___________________________ suggestion that the meat ___________________ shipments came from “Uncle Sam” led to the Uncle Sam symbolized the federal idea that _______________________________ government ____Although many people _______ assume that balance and inevitable with age, an movement problems are _________ body of evidence demonstrates that increasing ______ improve balance and strength in exercise can help ________ individuals and reduce their chance of elderly ___________ falling In Wolf’s study, published in May 1996, _______. 215 _________ seniors aged 70 to 96 were divided into three groups. _____________________________________ One group performed balance exercises on _______________________________________, a computer-controlled platform once a week one a control group took a weekly tai chi class, and ____________ group met for a weekly discussion After 15 weeks, ______________________________. “ the tai chi group did the best, and ____________ reduced the _________________________________,” Wolf said. chance of having a fall by 47 percent
大学英语PPT课件Book3Unit3
Richard Layard Gallup Poll Other Famous Opinion Polls or Companies
How to Achieve Happiness
Satisfaction With Life Scale Research in Happiness How to Reclaim Happiness Tips to Achieve Happiness
How to Achieve Happiness
Satisfaction With Life Scale Research in Happiness How to Reclaim Happiness Tips to Achieve Happiness
_M_a_n_y__E_n_g_li_s_h_la_n_g_u_a_g_e__te_r_m__s_r_e_fe_r_t_o_v_a_r_io_u_s_f_o_r_m_s_o_f
Research in Happiness
How to Reclaim Happiness
Tips to Achieve Happiness
Warm-up Activities
Compound Dictation Listening Comprehension Quotations and Interpretations
Blood flow decreased in fourteen of the twenty people after they watched Saving Private Ryan. The decrease was an average of 35%.
Warm-up Activities
compound dictation
自从英语专四采用了“复合式听写”（Compound Dictation）这一题型，它比听力选择题更强调语言综合运用能力，考生不仅要具有良好的听的能力，还应具有较强的拼写能力，记笔记能力和书面表达能力，听的能力是“复合式听写”的基础，听写训练已有较多的书刊进行过介绍和研究。
笔者打算结合自己的教学体会谈谈如何提高“复合式听写”的能力和应试方法。
1．通过卷面文字捕捉信息，找出线索了解大意“复合式听写”材料多为说明文（Exposition），这一体裁的文章具不主题突出，条理分明，层次清楚、语言简洁、逻辑性强的特点。
文章的开头或段首多半有主题句（topic sentence），之后的段、句进一步具体扩展、说明或论证主题句。
根据“复合式听写”样题，听写第二部分二、三自然段首和段尾均有完整的主题句。
考生应利用一切机会，如考前空隙或播放考试指令时间，浏览试卷该项下文字部分，尤其是主题句，根据主题句预测文章发展线索和大意。
(来源：英语资料下载 )2、听写结合，双管齐下根据“复合式听写”新题型通知说明，第一遍是全文朗读，要求考生注意听懂全文内容。
由于听音前考生已测览了卷面文字，对听力材料有了大致的了解，因此听读第一遍时，考生可以适当地填写些单词和做些笔记，听为主，记为辅，要做好“复合式听写”，考生需多多实践，获取较强的边听边记能力。
听音贯穿着期待、预知、分析、综合。
推理和判断等一系列过程，考生应同时快速记下几个关键词，而在记笔记时，又要能有效；专注地去听，获取信息理解全文。
来源：听写中边听边记具有必要性，听为手段，写为目的；听和记两种不同的语言技能在‘复合式听写”中有着紧密的联系，相互促进。
第一遍记下关键词有助于第二遍听写时启发记忆，提示要点，同时也减轻了第二遍笔记的任务，使笔记更加充实、完整，依次与出的内容要点才会更加全面、准确。
另一方面，边听边记也具有可行性，试想学主听外籍教师上课，听了一遍不是也可记下授课要点吗？只要多加练习，其实也不难做到。
cet4-听力理解compound-dictation
the
street
from
the
Capitol
S9. The library provides books and materials to the US
Congress and also lends books to other American libraries,
government agencies and foreign libraries.
(S8) ____ . Today, three buildings hold the library’s collection.
(S9) _____________. It buys some of its books and gets others as gifts. It also gets materials through its copyright office. (S10) _____________ . This means the Library of Congress receives almost everything that is published in the United States.
The Library of Congress is open to the public Monday through Saturday, except for public holidays. Anyone may go there and read anything in the collection. But no one is (S5) ____to take books out of the building.
He became the _____ youngest college graduate …
大学英语Unit 11 Famous People
Unit 11 Famous PeoplePart ANow you are going to hear three short passages. Choose one or two words from the following box to describe the speaker’s attitude towards the character discussed in each passage.1. What is the speaker’s attitude towards Napoleon?Neutral. (The speaker mainly gives a factual account of Napoleon’s life even t hough he holds that Napoleon waged wars against many countries.)2. What is the speaker’s attitude towards Tom Cruise?Positive. (“W orld renowned actor”, “almost everyone respects him” and “international star” show the speaker’s attitude.)3. What is the speaker’s attitude towards Warren Edward Buffett?Positive, respectful. (In “regarded as one of the world’s greatest stock market investors”,the choice of the word “great” indicates the speaker’s attitude.)Script:1. Napoleon was many things but he was, first of all, remembered as a military leader. Rising from an artillery officer to the commander of the French army, he waged war after war against neighboring countries. In 1804, he declared himself emperor and became the most powerful man in the world. At one time he controlled most of Europe. But Napoleon’s power was short-lived. His defeat came when he decided to attack Russia. Soon the whole of Europe rose against him, eventually forcing him to give up his throne. In 1821, he died alone on the small island of St. Helena.2. Tom Cruise has always represented cool, but somehow over the last couple of years, he has gone from just another Hollywood pretty boy to a certified world-renowned actor. It seems that everything he touches turns to gold. Not everyone likes him, but at least now almost everyone respects him. His movies make millions; he is an international star — men envy him, and women love him.3. Warren Edward Buffett is an American investor, businessman and philanthropist. He is regarded as one of the world’s greatest stock market investors, and is the largest shareholder and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway. With an estimated net worth of around US$62 billion, he was ranked by Forbes as the richest person in the world as of February 11, 2008.Part B Listening TasksA Musician-turned EconomistScriptAlan Greenspan, who served as Chairman of the U.S. Federal Reserve Board for about two decades from 1987 to 2006, was regarded in those days as one of the most important men by many people in the world.Greenspan was born on March 6, 1926. His father was a stockbroker and his mother worked in retailing. When he was four years old, his parents divorced and he was raised by his mother in New York.Young Alan was a shy boy but he was very good at large numbers. When he was only five, his mother would get him to add two three-digit numbers in his head.He loved baseball and tennis. And, like his mother, he developed a deep appreciation for music. In the mid-1940s he studied briefly at a music school in New York, and then toured the country for a year with a music band. Then he entered New York University’s School of Commerce and graduated with a degree in economics. He got a Master’s degree at NYU in 1949, and shifted to Columbia University to work on his PhD. When his money ran low, he withdrew from graduate school and went to work for the National Industrial Conference Board. He eventually earned a PhD from NYU in 1977.In the mid-1950s Greenspan opened an economic consulting company. In 1987 he began to work in the Federal Government. His work as Chief of Federal Reserve Board was much the same as the work he did on Wall Street, trying to understand how the economy worked and what drove it, offering suggestions for improvement. He was, however, making less money.Exercise 1Listen to the passage and choose the right answers to the questions.1. How long has Greenspan been Chairman of the U.S. Federal Reserve Board according to the passage?a. Almost 20 years.b. 12 years.c. 5 years.d. 4 years.2. What do you know about his parents?a. They were poor.b. They divorced.c. They deserted him.d. They moved to New York.3. What was young Greenspan fond of?a. Baseball and basketball.b. Tennis and baseball.c. Movies and tennis.d. Sports and music.4. Which of the following does the passage imply?a. It is a pity that Greenspan has given up his career as a musician.b. Greenspan as Chief of Federal Reserve Board could do whatever he liked to do.c. Greenspan’s income was higher when he worked on Wall Street.d. Greenspan wasn’t v ery good at his studies since he earned his PhD at the age of 51.5. Which of the following describes the speaker’s attitude towards Greenspan?a. Positive.b. Neutral.c. Negative.d. Critical.Exercise 2Listen to the passage again and fill in the blanks in the following chart with the missing information.Alan GreenspanPart CTest Your ListeningA Compound DictationListen to the passage three times and supply the missing information.On June 28, 2008, amid cheers and tears 52-year-old Gates said good-bye to his 1) Microsoft employees.The following is his closing remarks during his 2) farewell event in Redmond:“My life’s work really is about 3) software and working with incredible people. I love working with smart people. I love working with Steve. I love working with all the incredible people here. Even the times that were the 4) toughest, in some ways those are the ones that bond you the most — when IBM decides to attack you, or when some 5) legal ruling isn’t quite right. And you have to do a press conference afterwards.“The work here combines two things that I think are just so special. One is the 6) long-term impact — the impact on the world of what we do — is incredible. We can always go out and see things that remind us of that. See blind people who, using our accessibility, can browse the Internet. You know, their lives are just totally different because of that. So we can say, wow, this is so 7) impactful.“But I think the second thing, 8) which is that the day-to-day work is fun and enjoyable, that’s actually what’s made it so easy to want to work hard, to want to always improve things, to face up to whatever it is that needs to be done better. 9) So it’s a special group of people who put so much into it.“So let me just close by saying you’ve made it so much for me. 10) There won’t be a day of my life that I’m not thinking about Microsoft, and the great things that it’s doing, and wanting to help. So thank you for making it the center of my life, and so much fun. Thank you.”。
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考查内容
较难单词的拼写 名词的单复数 不规则名词单复数 动词的各种分词形式 介词（名词之后的 at,out,on,in,to ） 冠词 （名词前弱读的不 定冠词a、an或者和定冠 词the） 代词 同音异形词、近音异形词 单词大小写 专有名词（地名、国名、 人名、组织机构名、书名、 节目名） 加“s”后，名词意义改变 时态、语法 动词的被动 特殊的语音现象 连读、弱读、失爆、浊化
根据所听内容，准确记录单词的能力
题型特点分析 （以2015年6月六级题为例）
When most people think of the word “education”, they think of a pupil as a sort of animate sausage casing. Into this empty casing, the teachers 26___ stuff “education.” But genuine education, as Socrates knew more than two thousand years ago, is not 27 the stuffing of information into a person, but rather eliciting knowledge from him; it is the 28 of what is in the mind. “The most important part of education,” once wrote William Ernest Hocking, the 29 Harvard philosopher, “is this instruction of a man in what he has inside of him.” And, as Edith Hamilton has reminded us, Socrates never said, “I know, learn from me.” He said, rather, “Look into your own selves and find the 30 of the truth that God has put into every heart and that only you can kindle to a 31 .” In a dialogue, Socrates takes an ignorant slave boy, without a day of 32 , and proves to the amazed observers that the boy really “knows” geometry – because the principles of geometry are already in his mind, waiting to be called out. So many of the discussions and 33 about the content of education are useless and inconclusive because they 34 what should “go into” the student rather than with what should be taken out, and how this can best be done. The college student who once said to me, after a lecture, “I spend so much time studying that I don’t have a chance to learn anything,” was clearly expressing his 35 with the sausage casing view of education.
动名词形式
27. But genuine education, as Socrates knew more than two thousand years ago, is not inserting the stuffing of information into a person, but rather eliciting knowledge from him
听写步骤与技巧
通过卷面文字捕捉信息，找出线索、了解大意 预览原文判定词性，标记词形（s, ed, ing） 听写结合，双管齐下 第一遍放音时写1、3、5、7、9（跳着写） 第二遍放音时按顺序写 第三遍放音时精听词形细节 查漏补缺，誊写答案
听写素养
语言知识方面： 非语言能力方面 必须提高听力水平， 加强短时记忆和速记 能力 熟悉英、美国家人士 的说话发音的不同方 以意群为单位进行理 式，语音语调 解和记忆 对于大纲中所列单词 和短语，不仅要认知， 而且会熟练拼写
听力难 ——难在什么地方？为什么难？
音感刺激 语音、语调 辨音技巧 获取信息 听写能力 心理问题
听力素养提高必备 （详细讲解，请下载）
语音知识 元音、辅音 音节 重音 重读、弱读 连读 浊化 失爆 语调 节奏 英式、美式区别 易混词 同音异形 近音异形
作业
请下载、学习： 1、语音相关 2、易混词 请下载、精听2013年至2015年六级考试听 力中的复合式听写部分
名词、发音
30. 31. Look into your own selves and find the spark of the truth that God has put into every heart and that only you can kindle to a flame.”
名词复数形式、长词、难拼写词
介词
26. Into this empty casing, the teachers are supposed to stuff “education.” 34. they are concerned with what should “go into” the student rather than with what should be taken out, and how this can best be done.
长词、难拼写词、动词过去分词作形容词、 发音
29. “The most important part of education,” once wrote William Ernest Hocking, the distinguished Harvard philosopher, “is this instruction of a man in what he has inside of him.”
Compound Dictation
Compound Dictation
题型介绍 题型特点分析（以2015年6月六级题为例） 出题规律及解题思路
应考准备（下载语音相关、易混词）
Compound Dictation
复合式听写测试考生在不同层面上(从词 汇到语篇层面)的听力理解能力。这部分 测试采用一篇200—250词的短文，删去10 个单词，全文朗读三遍。要求考生根据听 到的内容填写所缺信息，所缺单词必须用 原词填写。 考查学生获取特定信息或具体信息的能力和
动名词形式
28. it is the drawing-out of what is in the mind. 32. In a dialogue, Socrates takes an ignorant slave boy, without a day of schooling, and proves to the amazed observers that the boy really “knows” geometry – because the principles of geometry are already in his mind, waiting to be called out.
33. So many of the discussions and controversies about the content of education are useless 35. “I spend so much time studying that I don’t have a chance to learn anything,” was clearly expressing his dissatisfaction with the sausage casing view of education.