曼牌滤清器Flexline灵活外形空气滤清器实现定制化需求
曼牌滤清器乘用车型 对照表
C 2852/2 No Cabin
C 22 117
No Cabin
C 22 117
No Cabin
C 22 117 C 22 117 C 31 152/1 C 27 192/1
No Cabin No Cabin No Cabin CUK 2862
W 930/21
奥迪A6 2.8L/Audi A6 2.8L V6 5V
W 940/25
奥迪A6L 05款 2.4L/05'Audi
A6L 2.4L
V6 4V
HU 722 z
奥迪A6L 05款 3.0L/05'Audi
A6L 2.4L
V6 4V
W 930/21
WK 31/2 WK 834/1 WK 834/1 WK 834/1 WK 834/1 WK 834/1 WK 720/6 WK 720/6 WK 730/1 WK 730/1 WK 730/1 WK 720/6 WK 720/6 WK 730/1
W 930/21
奥迪A4 2.4L 加长型/Audi A4
2.4L
V6 30V DOHC
HU 722 z
奥迪A4 3.0L Quattro.Tip
V6 30V DOHC
W 930/21
奥迪A4 06款 1.8T/06'Audi A4 1.8T
L4 5V
W 940/25
奥迪A4 06款 2.0T FSI/06'Audi A4 2.0T FSI
高尔夫 2.0L 2V/Golf 2V 2.0L L4 8V SDHC SEFI
Parker Hannifin 全球空气准备系统-P32系列过滤器 压力减压器说明书
Global Air Preparation SystemCompact Filter / Regulator - P32SymbolsPort†Flow ‡3Max.Height Width Depth • Integral 1/4", 3/8" or 1/2" ports (NPT, BSPP & BSPT)• High efficiency 5 micron element as standard • Excellent water removal efficiency• Robust but lightweight aluminum construction • Positive bayonet latch to ensure correct & safe fitting • Secondary pressure ranges 0-2 bar (0-30 psig), 0-4 bar, (0-60 psig), 0-8 bar (0-125 psig), 0-17 bar (0-250 psig)• Secondary aspiration plus balanced poppet provides quick response and accurate pressure regulation‡ Flow with 10 bar (145 psig) inlet pressure, 6.3 bar (91.3) psig) set pressure and 1 bar (14.5 psig) pressure drop.1Options:Global Air Preparation SystemS e c o n d a r y P r e s s u r e - b a r S e c o n d a r y P r e s s u r e - (p s i g )0204060801001201400Flow - dm 3/s Flow - (scfm)40802060120180160100140S e c o n d a r y P r e s s u r e - b a r S e c o n d a r y P r e s s u r e - (p s i g )204060801001201400Flow - dm 3/s Flow - (scfm)20406080100120140S e c o n d a r y P r e s s u r e - b a r S e c o n d a r y P r e s s u r e - (p s i g )0204060801001201400Flow - dm 3/s Flow - (SCFM)20406080100120140160For best performance, regulated pressure should always be set by increasing the pressure up to the desired setting.Flow ChartsSpecificationsFlow capacity* 1/4 42 dm 3/s (89 scfm) 3/8 58 dm 3/s (123 scfm) 1/2 64 dm 3/s (136 scfm)Operating Plastic bowl -25°C to 52°C (-13°F to 125°F) temperature Metal bowl -25°C to 65.5°C (-13°F to 150°F)Max. supply Plastic bowl 10 bar (150 psig) pressure Metal bowl 17 bar (250 psig)Standard filtration 5 micronUseful retention † 51 cm 3(1.7 US oz.)Adjusting range pressure 0-2 bar (30 psig) 0-4 bar (60 psig) 0-8 bar (125 psig) 0-17 bar (250 psig)Port size BSPP / BSPT / NPT 1/4, 3/8, 1/2Gauge port (2 ea.) BSPP / BSPT / NPT 1/4Weight0.53 kg (1.17 lbs)* Inlet pressure 10 bar (145 psig). Secondary pressure 6.3 bar (91.3 psig).†Useful retention refers to volume below the quiet zone baffle.Air quality :Within ISO 8573-1: 1991 Class 3 (Particulates) Within ISO 8573-1: 2001 Class 6 (Particulates)Material SpecificationsBody Aluminum Adjustment knob AcetalBody capABS Element retainer / Baffle Acetal Bowl Plastic bowl Polycarbonate Metal bowl Zinc Bowl guard NylonFilter elementSintered polyethylene Seals NitrileSpringsMain regulating / valve Steel / S.S.Valve assembly Brass / Nitrile Diaphragm assembly Nitrile / ZincPanel nut Acetal Sight gaugeMetal bowl Polycarbonate Repair and Service KitsPlastic bowl / Bowl guard manual drain P32KA00BGM Metal bowl / Sight gauge manual drain P32KA00BSM Auto drainP32KA00DA 5µ particle filter elementP32KA00ESE Regulator repair kit - relieving P32KA00RB Regulator repair kit - non-relieving P32KA00RC Panel mount nut - aluminum P32KA00MM Panel mount nut - plasticP32KA00MP Angle bracket (fits to panel mount threads) P32KA00MR T -bracket (fits to body connector) P32KA00MB T -bracket with body connector P32KA00MT Body connectorP32KA00CB1/4 Filter / Regulator3/8 Filter/Regulator1/2 Filter/RegulatorWARNINGProduct rupture can cause serious injury.Do not connect regulator to bottled gas.Do not exceed Maximum primary pressure rating.!Gauges50mm (2") Round 1/4" center back mount0-30 psig / 0-2 bar K4520N140300-60 psig / 0-4 bar K4520N140600-160 psig / 0-11 bar K4520N141600-300 psig / 0-20 bar K4520N14300Manual DrainAutomatic DrainDimensions mm (inches)。
唐纳森空滤培训
寿命和纳污量
●寿命
滤芯从新的状态开始使用到进气压差达 到发动机设备给定限定值为止的时间， 以小时为单位，滤芯的使用寿命不仅与 滤芯有关也与使用环境有关，只能在相 同条件下相比较才有意义。
●纳污量
指新滤芯使用到其寿命终止时滤芯所容 纳的杂质灰尘量，通常以克为单位。
常见问题
●空滤滤芯是否寿命越长的越好？
●数量 0.3克-10克/马力会造成发动机损坏
●微粒的类型
●微粒的形狀
微粒尺寸的对比
0.01
0.1
Diesel Soot
碳烟
Tobacco Smoke
烟灰
Scanning Electron Microscope
0.01
0.1
电子扫描显微镜
1
10
100
SAE Fine Dust
标准细灰
SAE Coarse Dust
Frankfort, IN Rensselaer, IN
Hull, UK Leicester, UK
Haan, Germany Flensberg, Germany Dulmen, Germany
Klasterec, Czech Republic Kadan, Czech Republic
Carrieres Sur Seine, France Domjean, France
轴向密封 vs 径向密封
单级过滤和两级过滤
●单级过滤 只采用滤芯过滤，适用于轻度污染 环境
●两级过滤 同时采用惯性过滤和滤芯过滤，用 于中度、重度污染环境
主滤芯和安全滤芯
●主滤芯 空滤中其主要过滤作用的滤芯，
●安全滤芯 也称空滤内芯，有些环境下可以不 使用，是保护发动机安全的备份。
曼牌滤清器
曼牌滤清器泉州双环代理曼牌滤芯，主要是曼牌空气滤芯：可靠技术提供最佳保护。
主要产品有：空气滤清器、机油滤清器、燃油滤清器、液压油滤清器、油气分离器、油水分离器、等各种过滤器材。
可替代曼牌MANN、道依茨DEUTZ、康明斯CUMMINS、沃尔沃VOLVO、大宇DAEWOO、三菱MITSUBISHI、奔驰MTU、卡特CATERPILLAR、德国ABG423、帕金斯PERKINS、摊铺机等各系列滤芯。
为使车辆无故障行驶，发动机吸入清洁的空气是重要的。
然而污染物如微粒，炭黑等会随入空气一同进入。
结果：污染物进去燃烧室，造成发动机出现磨槽并过早磨损。
电子元件，诸如装在进气口和燃烧室间的传感器，性能下降甚至毁坏。
主要产品：WABCO干燥器01248074324320230是我们的一级代理产品，是我们很有优势的一款产品。
WABCO是业界最大的制动系统供应商，国内不管是东风还是解放的制动系统，都是引进的wabco技术。
WABCO 集团是美国标准公司旗下的子公司，创建于1864年。
美标公司是一家年销售额为86亿美元的跨国公司，拥有三大产业板块，分别为空调，厨卫系统和汽车控制系统。
在这些领域，美标公司坚决向消费者提供最为理想的产品。
目前已在全球29个国家设立了109个生产工厂，拥有员工人数6万人。
WABCO汽车控制系统，在全球商用汽车电子制动系统、稳定性控制、悬挂系统控制及变速箱控制系统领域占据领先地位。
依靠坚实广泛的客户关系和领先的专业技术，WABCO同时还是道路安全改进的领头羊。
研制的产品通过提高系统的反应灵敏度和稳定性来帮助驾驶员避免事故的发生。
在全世界范围内，全球领先的整车生产厂家都选择WABCO的系统和零件，使他们生产的卡车、挂车、客车、豪华轿车和运动型汽车性能更出色，驾驶更安全，更可靠。
WABCO的主要产品有ABS、EBS、ECAS、APU和常规制动阀等。
德国WABCO公司的产品代理，WABCO威伯科汽车控制产品主要包括:空气处理系统、卡车和客车的制动系统、传动控制系统、电子控制系统、制动器和制动室、挂车控制系统、商用车空气悬挂和轿车系统。
曼牌滤清器乘用车型号对照表
C 30 136 C 30 136 C 30 136/1 C 37 153 C 37 153 C 37 153/1 C 37 153/1 C 37 153 C 37 153 C 37 153/1 C 37 153/1 C 37 153 C 37 153 C 37 153 C 37 153 C 37 153/1 C 37 153/1 C 37 153/1 C 37 153/1 C 37 153 C 37 153 C 37 153 C 37 153 C 37 153 C 14 130/1 C 4287/3 C 2852/2 C 22 117 C 22 117 C 22 117 C 22 117
CUK 3023-2
C 17 137/1x CUK 3023-2 C 17 137/1x CUK 3023-2 C 17 137/1x CUK 3023-2 C 16 118
奥迪A6L 09款 3.0TFSI Quattro/09'Audi V6 A6L 3.0TFSIW 930/21 HU 719/6 x HU 722 z HU 722 z HU 831 x
W 719/5 W 719/30 HU 726/2 x W 719/30 W 719/30 W 719/30 HU 726/2 x W 719/30 W 719/30 W 719/30 HU 726/2 x W 719/30 W 719/30 W 719/30 W 719/30 W 719/30 W 719/30 W 719/30 W 719/30 W 719/30 W 719/30 W 719/30 W 719/30 W 719/30 W 712/90 W 712/90 W 719/5 W 719/5 W 719/5 W 940/25 W 930/21
Parker Hannifin 品牌 P2 P3 系列 piston 气动泵维修手册说明书
1 P2-000-3400 2 P2-105-3200 3 P2-105-5003 4 P2-105-3000 5 P2-105-0209 6 P2-105-3203 7 P2-105-5010 8 P2-105-0214 9 P2-105-3102 10 P2-105-3001 11 P2-105-3202 12 P2-105-2400 13 P2-145-0201 14 P2-105-3925 15 P2-105-1020-01 16 P2-000-8950-16 17 P2-145-3101 1 18 P2-105-5008 19 P2-105-3303 20 P2-105-3902 21 P2-000-3900 0 22 39X10 23 210X134 24 210X208 25 210X283 5 27 299X124 28 256X248 29 256X543 30 256X559 31 256X575 32 256X579 33 2012 -9 34 2133 -9 35 2044 -7 36 2240 -7 37 2243 -7 38 2263 -7 39 3916 -9 40 108X2 41 P2-105-3300 41 P2-105-3304 42 P2-105-0212 43 P2-105-0223
1 IMPELLER RING - CCW
54 P2-105-0222-03
1 BARREL ASSEMBLY - CCW
MAX PRESSURE SETTING MINIMUM ADJUSTMENT - PB MAXIMUM ADJUSTMENT - PB MIN ADJUSTMENT - ALL OTHER MAX ADJUSTMENT - ALL OTHER
THRU-SHAFT
昆明天才科技有限公司 Parker Zander高性能FL-系列过滤器XL级过滤元素的中文名字说明书
Brief descriptionParker Zander, high-performance FL-series fi lters, containing XL grade fi lter elements are designed as depth-fi lters for the reliable removal of 0.01 µm liquid and solid particulate, whilst achieving a fi ltration performance of 99.9999% in compressed air or compressed nitrogen gas – independently validated acc. to ISO 12500-1.The innovative fi lter housing and fi lter element design achieve optimum fl ow characteristics at minimum pressure drop resulting in considerable costsavings throughout the entire operating lifetime of the fi lter element. These fi lters are equipped as standard with the level-sensing, electronic condensate drains from the tried and tested ED3000 series, characterized by their zero air-loss func-tion and reliable drainage of even the largest amount of oil/water condensate.Highly-effi cient, borosilicate nano-fi bre media with a voids volume of 96 % ensures high dirt-holding capacity at constantly low differential pressure. This effi ciency is supported by deep-pleating technology enabling 4.5 times more fi ltration surface area to be incorporated into the element, when compared with conventional fi lter elements.The fi lter-housing design has been designed for easy of maintenance: The deep-seated service-fl ange, supported by a pivoting hinge-joint, enables ele-ment replacement to be undertaken by a single individual. The dished-bottom provides ample space to drain away liquids effi ciently.The patented “lock-in place” fi lter ele-ments, referred to as “Sure-Fit”, provide a secure and noticeable seal to avoid any possibility of contamination by-passing the element.Scope of supplyReady-to-install fi lter, complete with fi lter element(s) and electronic condensate drain of ED3000series. Optionally available with differential pressure gauge and/or manual drain.1: Port size as per EN 1092-12: Flow rates in m³/h related to 1 bar a und 20 °C, compressed to 7 bar e .Where the minimum operating pressure deviates, the actual fl ow rate must be multiplied with the respective correction factor f (see the respective table) to determine the required nominal fl ow rate and the appropriately required fi lter model.Performance overview:Flanged Filter Series FL17XL-FL140XLHigh effi ciency, sub-micron fi lterfor larger compressed air systemsProduct-SpecificationFlanged filter series FL - element grade XLExample for a maximal flow rate of 3000 m³/h for a minimum operating pressure of 4,3 bar e : 3000 m³/h x 1.32 = 3960 m³/h – select size FL20 (see Table Performance overview).Product-SpecificationFlanged filter series FL - element grade XLABDC Product keyYour local authorized Parker distributorProduct-SpecificationFlanged filter series FL - element grade XLBULFL17XL-140XL-ENEMEA Product Information Centre Free phone: 00 800 27 27 5374(from AT , BE, CH, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, IE, IL, IS, IT , LU, MT , NL, NO, PL, PT , RU, SE, SK, UK, ZA)US Product Information Centre Toll-free number: 1-800-27 27 537© 2013 Parker Hannifin Corporation. All rights reserved.。
Parker domnick hunter OIL-X 高效压缩空气滤器系列说明书
/gsfUnique filter elementSpecially constructed for reducedair flow velocity, reduced pressureloss, increased dirt holding capacity,and improved efficiency. Includes a12-month air quality guarantee.Flow management systemSpecially engineered ‘bell mouth’,with 90-degree elbow, flow distributorand conical flow diffuser, to promote aconsistent, optimum air flow.Filter housingDesigned to allow easy maintenanceand element replacement, and coveredby a 10-year guarantee.Flexible connectionsA wide range of port sizes and filterconnections, for added flexibility.Epoxy coatingFinished with alocrom corrosionprotection and a tough, dry powderepoxy coating for a high quality feel.Parker domnick hunter OIL-X; a new series ofcompressed air filters, taking efficiency to adifferent level.Built on Parker’s worldwide expertise in filtration, the OIL-X rangehas been developed to ensure consistent outstanding air quality,guaranteed for 12 months - and third-party validated to meetISO 8573-1.Combining the unique filterelement with a speciallydesigned advanced air flowmanagement system, the Parkerdomnick hunter OIL-X range isengineered to not only deliver airquality in accordance withISO 8573-1 classifications, butit does so with a extremely lowdifferential pressure - ensuringmaximum efficiency andproductivity.MARKETLEADING LOWDIFFERENTIALPRESSURECOMPRESSED AIR FILTERSOIL-X RedefinedGrades AOP and AAP for Coalescing Liquids and Particle Removal in Compressed Air or Gaseous Nitrogen Grade ACSP for Oil Vapour RemovalFilter coding examplesBulk liquid removal in Compressed Air or Gaseous Nitrogen Systems Delivering Filtration Efficiency > 92% based on ISO8573.9Product SelectionStated flows are for operation at 100 psi g (7 bar g) with reference to 68°F (20°C), 14.5 psi g (1 bar g), 0% relative water vapor pressure.171819202482632772901. Obtain the minimum operating pressure and maximum compressed air flow rate at the inlet of the filter.2. Select the correction factor for minimum operating pressure from the CFP table (always round down e.g. for 5.3 bar, use 5 bar correction factor)3. Calculate the minimum filtration capacity: Minimum Filtration Capacity = Compressed Air Flow Rate x CFP4. Using the minimum filtration capacity, select a WS model from the flow rate tables above (WS selected must have a flow rate equal to or greater than the minimum filtration capacity)5. WS models are supplied with a float drain as standard. For pressures of 232 to 290 psi g (16 to 20 bar g ), a manual drain must be used.Benefits:• For the removal of bulk condensed water and liquid oil• Used to protect coalescing filters from bulk liquid contamination • High liquid removal efficiencies at all flow conditions• Helps provide air quality in accordance with ISO 8573-1:2001.• Suitable for all compressed air applications.• Suitable for all compressor types, including variable flow. • Low pressure losses for low operational costs.• Low lifetime costs.• Helps reduce the release of CO2 into the environment.• Lloyds & CRN registeredMUST HAVE Manual DrainOrder "MX" OptionOIL-X Bulk Water Separators"Oil-X Redefined, the unique low energy solution with independently validated performance."Particle Removal down to 1 micron Max Remaining Oil Content 0.5mg/m3 delivering Filtration of 99.925%Initial Dry Differential Pressure <70mbar (1.0 psi) Initial Saturated Pressure drop <125mbar (1.8psi)Technical DataAOP010-055 MODELS COME WITH FLOAT DRAIN & DPI AS STANDARDStated flows are for operation at 100 psi g (7 bar g) with reference to 68°F (20°C), 14.5 psi g (1 bar g), 0% relative water vapor pressure.17181920248263277290Accessory Kits (unless stated otherwise all Differential Pressure Monitors, Gauges and Drains have MAX Operating Pressure 232 psig)1. Obtain the minimum operating pressure and maximum compressed air flow rate at the inlet of the filter.2. Select the correction factor for minimum operating pressure from the CFP table (always round down e.g. for 5.3 bar, use 5 bar correction factor)3. Calculate the minimum filtration capacity: Minimum Filtration Capacity = Compressed Air Flow Rate x CFP4. Using the minimum filtration capacity, select a filter model from the flow rate tables above (filter selected must have a flow rate equal to or greater than the minimum filtration capacity)5. AO models are supplied with a float drain as standard. For pressures of 232 to 290 psi g (16 to 20 bar g ), a manual drain must be used.MUST HAVE Manual Drain -Order "MX" OptionOIL-X Redefined GRADE AOPGrade AO Coalescing Liquids and Particle Removal in Compressed Air or Gaseous Nitrogen"Oil-X Redefined, the unique low energy solution with independently validated performance."Particle Removal down to 0.01 micron Max Remaining Oil Content 0.01mg/m3 delivering Filtration of 99.9999%Initial Dry Differential Pressure <70mbar (1.0 psi) Initial Saturated Pressure drop <125mbar (1.8psi)Technical DataAAP010-055 MODELS COME WITH FLOAT DRAIN & DPI AS STANDARDStated flows are for operation at 100 psi g (7 bar g) with reference to 68°F (20°C), 14.5 psi g (1 bar g), 0% relative water vapor pressure.17181920248263277290Accessory Kits (unless stated otherwise all Differential Pressure Monitors, Gauges and Drains have MAX Operating Pressure 232 psig)1. Obtain the minimum operating pressure and maximum compressed air flow rate at the inlet of the filter.2. Select the correction factor for minimum operating pressure from the CFP table (always round down e.g. for 5.3 bar, use 5 bar correction factor)3. Calculate the minimum filtration capacity: Minimum Filtration Capacity = Compressed Air Flow Rate x CFP4. Using the minimum filtration capacity, select a filter model from the flow rate tables above (filter selected must have a flow rate equal to or greater than the minimum filtration capacity)5. AA models are supplied with a float drain as standard. For pressures of 232 to 290 psi g (16 to 20 bar g ), a manual drain must be used.MUST HAVE Manual Drain -Order "MX" OptionOIL-X Redefined GRADE AAPGrade AA Coalescing Liquids and Particle Removal in Compressed Air or Gaseous Nitrogen"Oil-X Redefined, the unique low energy solution with independently validated performance."Oil Vapour removal down to 0.003 mg/m3Initial Dry Differential Pressure <140mbar (2.0 psi)Technical DataStated flows are for operation at 100 psi g (7 bar g) with reference to 68°F (20°C), 14.5 psi g (1 bar g), 0% relative water vapor pressure.17181920248263277290Accessory Kits (unless stated otherwise all Differential Pressure Monitors, Gauges and Drains have MAX Operating Pressure 232 psig)1. Obtain the minimum operating pressure and maximum compressed air flow rate at the inlet of the filter.2. Select the correction factor for minimum operating pressure from the CFP table (always round down e.g. for 5.3 bar, use 5 bar correction factor)3. Calculate the minimum filtration capacity: Minimum Filtration Capacity = Compressed Air Flow Rate x CFP4. Using the minimum filtration capacity, select a filter model from the flow rate tables above (filter selected must have a flow rate equal to or greater than the minimum filtration capacity)MUST HAVE Manual Drain -Order "MX" OptionOIL-X Redefined GRADE ACSPGrades ACSP Oil Vapor Removal Removal FilterGrades AOP, AAP & ACSP Weights and DimensionsWSP010-055 Water Separator AOP/AAP010-035Filter060 G4"FilterOIL-X RedefinedPage 12 Filter DimensionsFor more information please contact your l oc al sales office or visit www.park e r.c om/gsfParker has a continuous policy of product development and although the company r eserv es the right to changes specifications, it attempts to keep customers informed of any alt er ations.© 2017 Parker Hannifin Corporation. All rights reserved.Catalogue: PISOILX-04-ENParker Hannifin CorporationIndustrial Gas Filtration and G eneration Division4087 Walden AvenueLancaster, NY 14086 phone716 686 6400/gsfYour local authorized Parker distributor。
MANN曼牌型号
M A N N曼牌型号曼牌型号：MANN机油过滤器:W11102、W13145/3、W1374/2、W719/5、W719/13、W917、W920、W92 0/7、W940、W940/5、W950、W950/13、W950/8、W962、W962/14、WD13145、WD1374、WD930、WD950、WD962；MANN燃油过滤器:WK408、WK723、WK532/1、WK612、WK834/1、WK720/3、WK510、WK57、WK79、WK55/3、WK825、WK819、WK940/11、WDK725、P811X、PU1046/1X、BFU900X、P811、P917X、WDK11102/1；MANN空气过滤器:C11100、C1131、C1132、C1134、C1140、C1150、C1250、C1176/3、C1411 3、C1450、C1632、C1633/1、C16400、C17100、C17201、C17225/3、C20325/2、C20500、C 23115、C23174、C23185、C23440/5、C23610、C24650/1、C2555/2、C25710、C25740、C25 860/1、C27585/3、C29352/1、C301537、C30810、C30850/2、C31220、C33920/3、C36840/ 1、CF1000、CF1200、CF1300、CF1600、CF500、CF610、CF710、CF810、C23513、C23632/1、C23750、C25740、C25860/2、C25990、C271020、C271170、C271320、C301330、C271050、C 301530、C301730、CF1240、CF1250、CF1260、CF1420、CF1430、CF1440、CF1631、CF1640、CF1650、CF1820、CF1810、CF1830、CF1840采用7层进口过滤层保护，以确保高品质的性能表现；. 流阻低，均匀通风，防止空调系统污染；通过机械学与静电学的结合达到最大过滤效果，精确配合，安全防漏。
曼牌滤清器乘用车型号对照表
C Байду номын сангаас5 154/1
C 35 154 C 35 154/1 C 41 110
适合寒冷地区 A3 Sportback(8PA) 发动机代码AXX,BPY,BWA A3 Sportback(8PA) 发动机代码AXX,BPY,BWA滤芯 A3 Sportback(8PA) A3 Sportback(8PA) A3 Sportback(8PA) A3 Sportback(8PA) A3 Sportback(8PA) A3 Sportback(8PA) A3 Sportback(8PA) A3 Sportback(8PA) A3 Sportback(8PA) A3 Sportback(8PA) A3 Sportback(8PA) A3 Sportback(8PA) A3 Sportback(8PA) 发动机代码，旋装式滤清器 空调 空调 2.5 TFSI Quattro CEPA 适合寒冷地区 空调 空调 3.2 V6 Quattro 适合寒冷地区 无压力调节器 带压力调节器4bar 空调 11/12→ 02/13→ BDB,BMJ,BUB 09/03→ 03/11→
A3 Sportback(8PA) A3 Sportback(8PA) A3 Sportback(8PA) A3 Sportback(8PA) A3 Sportback(8PA) A3 Sportback(8PA)
适合寒冷地区 空调 空调 2.0 TFSI AXX,BPY,BWA,CBFA,CCTA/ZA 09/04→ 发动机代码CAWB,CBFA/CCTA,CCZA
AEH/AKL/APF 12/96-05/03
奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口) 奥迪(进口)
汽车空气滤清器检查与更换考核试卷
D.尽可能使用便宜的滤清器
9.以下哪种类型的汽车空气滤清器使用寿命最长？（）
A.棉质滤清器
B.纸质滤清器
C.海绵滤清器
D.不锈钢滤清器
10.在以下哪种情况下，汽车空气滤清器需要立即更换？（）
A.滤清器轻微破损
B.滤清器使用超过规定公里数
C.滤清器被水浸泡
D.滤清器颜色变为淡黄色
2.描述汽车空气滤清器更换的正确步骤，并说明在更换过程中需要注意哪些关键事项。
3.论述在不同驾驶环境中，汽车空气滤清器的使用和维护有哪些不同，并给出相应的建议。
4.请分析如果长时间不更换汽车空气滤清器，可能会对发动机和汽车性能产生哪些影响。
标准答案
一、单项选择题
1. B
2. D
3. D
4. C
5. C
6. D
7. B
8. C
9. A
10. C
...（由于题目数量较多，这里仅列出前10题的答案，实际答案需要包含所有题目）
二、多选题
1. ACD
2. ABC
3. ABC
4. AB
5. AC
6. AB
7. AB
8. AB
9. ABCD
10. ABC
...（同上，仅列出前10题的答案）
三、填空题
1.灰尘和杂物
3.汽车空气滤清器按照材质可以分为_______、_______、不锈钢滤清器等。
4.在更换汽车空气滤清器时，应确保新的滤清器与_______完全匹配。
5.为了保证发动机的正常工作，汽车空气滤清器应保持_______。
6.检查汽车空气滤清器时，如果发现滤清器_______，应立即更换。
机油滤清器工作原理剖析
机油滤清器工作原理剖析我们先来了解机油滤清器的工作原理（大致说下流程）机油滤清器（以下简称机滤）Oil Filter 在发动机中的位置机滤的工作流程（机滤部件功能说明）绿色箭头就是我们平时看到实样的外圈多空（一般有4-6个眼），这是机滤进油孔（未经过滤的机油从此进入机滤）黄色箭头是过滤后的出油孔，过滤干净的机油从这里供往发动机润滑，润滑对象如上图未经过滤的机油从上图蓝箭头指示的进油孔进入机滤，首先到达第一站：止回阀（下图进油孔下红色的橡胶垫）说是止回阀不要以为是个什么机械装置，其实就是一个大橡胶垫，当机油倒流时它会堵住进油孔止回阀的作用是为机滤安装于发动机上部或侧部时，防止车辆熄火后机油回流导致机滤缺油（导致发动机启动瞬间缺油）这里穿插一点冷车启动的曾今讨论：热车启动需要机油预润滑（点火后机油到达应用位置是需要时间的）我们看到连机滤设计时都考虑到了这个缺油瞬间的重要性这里我需要纠正自己过去的一个错误：关于新机滤需不需要先灌满油再安装的问题（我曾经认为底部安装的机滤无需）由于上周拧断机滤底座发现从机滤接口漏出的机油并不多，不像想象那样会不断的漏（最多只会起先漏掉300ml）由此看到更换机滤时必须预先往机滤加注机油，这是正确的（新机滤装上机油并不会在这个位置自动灌满）如果空机滤装上将导致首次启动时的磨损，这里引用机滤止回阀来证明这个阶段的重要性有些机滤是没有设计止回阀的，比如说在上面所叙说的内容相同，对于底部安装的机滤来说不是很重要(存在负压回抽的说法）我个人研究后觉得无所谓甚至觉得没有止回阀流量理论上还要快一点，等待批判此后机油进入滤纸腔，由外向内过滤到中心滤管，再由出油口供往发动机润滑这个流程部份会产生为两大路线，也是判断选择机滤的重要依据流程（1）正常情况（指机滤在有效寿命中）就是进油-》过滤-》发动机润滑流程（2）非正常情况（指机滤失效终结）不再过滤而是往底部旁通阀直通滤管出油口直通发动机润滑流程1就产生了机滤寿命的问题：包含过滤精度、流量、容污量的问题（下面分页介绍这几个东东的重要性）流程2就是流程1失败后机滤提供的安全保证（当滤纸堵塞后过滤失效）为保证发动机还有润滑（所有杂质参与润滑机滤无效状态中）也就是说机滤寿命终结了，没有过滤作用，由于机油杂质堵塞滤纸后压力增大导致旁通阀打开脏机油自由循环于发动机里引用一些车友的话：我用全合成机油寿命至少1万公里，所以我可以1万公里以上换油我用高性能赛车机油可以长效并且支持竞技性能，用上1万也没问题我用一般的机油也可以成年上万更换，机油完全可以支持不管用什么油有没有想过，机滤可以支撑多长时间呢？假如机滤1千公里就失效了，还美滋滋的去跑1万，坑爹啊我个人有点偏好折腾机油，经验下来高低档是存在一些长效差异，但在正常使用的1年1万公里中差池不大重要的是高端机油提供的性能较高，在稳定性方面超越低档机油很多，这个依个人需要来决定选择，盲目跟风不必要机滤是否可以支持1万公里寿命？这个问题比较模糊，厂家有条件指导，譬如：美孚EP1 是10000英里但是应用环境是重要因素，关系到油料品质、大气颗粒、驾驶习惯、车辆材质、零件工艺等等很多动态问题举个例子：奔驰E300，机油加注量7升、120公里转速2300福克斯1.8，机油加注量4.3升、120公里转速3000两车使用同样机油，在同样里程操作下，福克斯的机油肯定比奔驰的机油衰减要快，寿命要短仅以上述条件看，应用在福克斯上的机油面临小容量热转换效率低、高温高剪切负荷大问题同等条件下奔驰E300手册指导1万公里保养，福克斯也1万公里保养吗？这里引申一个道理：不是说好车才用好油，低端车用好油才是正道（当然个人要考虑经济承受问题）福克斯也可以做到1万公里保养，前提是用支持1万的机油和机滤本文于2012年11月编辑。
汽车空气滤清器技术交流
油浴式和干式空气滤清器之间的比较
内容空气滤清器基本知识空气滤清器预滤器介绍空气滤清器滤芯保养与更换空气滤清器的性能与试验空气滤清器的选择与评价空气滤清器基本知识空气滤清器的作用空气滤清器的种类空气滤清器的过滤原理油浴式和干式空气滤清器之间的比较空气滤清器的作用空气滤清器是发动机最重要的过滤器外部对发动机的污染90来自空气燃烧1体积燃料需要12000体积空气发动机进气端空气杂质浓度001mgm过滤效率999阻拦最具破坏性的细小杂质颗粒空气滤清器的作用减少研磨杂质和腐蚀污染物降低发动机的进气噪声保护空气流量传感器不受污染物的侵害空气滤清器的种类一般来说空气滤清器的型式有两种即湿式油浴式和干式纸质
Housing cracked
空气滤清器的性能和试验
空气滤清器性能评价： 在额定流量下 ★原始阻力： ≤2.5kPa，报警压力或终止压力,一般 6~6.5kPa ★原始滤清效率≥ 99.5% ★全寿命滤清效率 99.7~99.9% ★容灰量：一般5~15kg (无旋流式空气预滤器)
空气滤清器的性能和试验
日常维护 无论在每日检查或者在加油
的时候都应该检查以确保空滤和 发动机之间的所有连接管路都是 密封的。这包括所有的软管连接 和空滤的上盖。排尘阀始终保持 垂直向下以利于排尘。任何异常 都应该马上被处理。
空气滤清器滤芯保养（一）
何时需要清理保养主滤芯？ 每行使6000-8000公里或堵塞指示
OIL-X 高质量压缩空气过滤器系列说明书
OIL-X Die-cast Aluminium Compressed Air FiltersGrade AO General Purpose & Grade AA High Efficiency Coalescing & Dry Particulate Filters (1/4”~ 4”)Coalescing & Dry Particulate FiltersCoalescing filters are the most important items of purification equipment in any compressed air system. They are designed to treat 6 of the 10 main contaminants found in compressed air (aerosols of oil & water and solid particulates such as atmospheric particulate, rust, pipescale and micro-organisms).The origins of modern compressed air filtration can be traced back to domnick hunter in 1963, it was the first company to use microfibre filter media for purification applications, changing the compressed air industry forever. The OIL-X filter range was the first filter range to fully utilise this ground breaking technology and has always been synonymous with high quality compressed air. Now in the 21st century, the OIL-X name remains, but the technology has evolved beyond recognition.Parker domnick hunter OIL-XSince the introduction of the first OIL-X range, Parker domnick hunter has continued to develop both thecompressed air filter and the standards governing compressed air quality.Constantly innovated, OIL-X has become the leading technology for compressed air filtration, providing the exact balance between air quality, energy efficiency andlow lifetime costs.Advantages•Meets or exceeds the requirements for delivered air quality shown in all editions of ISO8573-1, the international standard for compressed air quality •Deep pleated filter element – Filter media is constructed to reduce air flowvelocity and pressure loss whilst providing increased dirt holding capacity, and improved filtration efficiency•Flow management system - Engineered to provide smooth air flow from entry to exit, the filter element design includes a 90-degree elbow, turning vanes and conical flow diffuser to promote a consistent, optimum air flow with minimal pressure loss•Filter Media Optimisation - The flow management system also evenlydistributes compressed air flow throughout the element ensuring optimum filtration performance again with low pressure loss•Parker OIL-X coalescing and dry particulate filters are fully tested – Inaccordance with ISO12500-1 / ISO8573-2 for oil aerosol and ISO8573-4 for particulate•Filtration performance independently validated - by Lloyds Register •Parker OIL-X materials of construction are FDA Title 21 CFR compliant &EX1935/2004 exempt•Air Quality Guarantee - The only filter range to offer a one year air quality guarantee•Housing Guarantee - 10 year guarantee on filter housingsFlow RatesTo correctly select a filter model, the flow rate of the filter must be adjusted for the minimum operating (inlet) pressure at the point of installation.1. O btain the minimum operating (inlet) pressure and maximum compressed air flow rate at the inlet of the filter.2. S elect the correction factor for minimum inlet pressure from the CFMIP table (always round down e.g. for 5.3 bar, use 5 bar correction factor)3. C alculate the minimum filtration capacity. Minimum Filtration Capacity = Compressed Air Flow Rate x CFMIP 4. U sing the minimum filtration capacity, select a filter model from the flow rate tables above (filter selected must have a flow rate equal to or greater than the minimum filtration capacity).Stated flows are for operation at 7 bar (g) (102 psi g) with reference to 20°C, 1 bar (a), 0% relative water vapour pressure.Filtration PerformanceTechnical DataProduct Selection & Correction Factorsand fit an external automatic drain.Grade AO General Purpose Coalescing FilterFiltration PerformanceTechnical DataFlow RatesStated flows are for operation at 7 bar (g) (102 psi g) with reference to 20°C, 1 bar (a), 0% relative water vapour pressure.and fit an external automatic drain.Grade AA High Efficiency Coalescing Filter101000.00010.0010.01OIL-X Grade AO & AA Oil Carryover versus FlowPercentage of Rated FlowO i l C a r r y o v e r (m g /m ³)50750.5125Grade AO (ISO 12500-1 Inlet Challenge 40mg/m³)Grade AA (ISO 12500-1 Inlet Challenge 10mg/m³)Flow RatesTo correctly select a filter model, the flow rate of the filter must be adjusted for the minimum operating (inlet) pressure at the point of installation.1. O btain the minimum operating (inlet) pressure and maximum compressed air flow rate at the inlet of the filter.2. S elect the correction factor for minimum inlet pressure from the CFMIP table (always round down e.g. for 5.3 bar, use 5 bar correction factor)3. C alculate the minimum filtration capacity. Minimum Filtration Capacity = Compressed Air Flow Rate x CFMIP 4. U sing the minimum filtration capacity, select a filter model from the flow rate tables above (filter selected must have a flow rate equal to or greater than the minimum filtration capacity).Stated flows are for operation at 7 bar (g) (102 psi g) with reference to 20°C, 1 bar (a), 0% relative water vapour pressure.Filtration PerformanceProduct Selection & Correction Factorsversion and fit an external automatic drain.Grade AO General Purpose Dry Particulate FilterFiltration PerformanceFlow Rates Stated flows are for operation at 7 bar (g) (102 psi g) with reference to 20°C, 1 bar (a), 0% relative water vapour pressure.and fit an external automatic drain.Grade AA High Efficiency Dry Particulate Filter25%50%75%100%20406080100120Percentage of Rated FlowD i f f e r e n t i a l P r e s s u r e [m b a r ]0140OIL-X Grade AO Coalescing FilterInitial Saturated Differential Pressure (25% - 100% Rated Flow)ISO12500-1 Challenge - 40mg/m³AOPX010AOPX015 & AOPX020AOPX025 & AOPX030AOPX035, AOPX040 & AOPX045AOPX050 & AOPX055OIL-X Grades AO & AA - Differential Pressure Curves25%50%75%100%Percentage of Rated FlowD i f f e r e n t i a l P r e s s u r e [m b a r ]AOPX010AOPX015 & AOPX020AOPX025 & AOPX030AOPX035, AOPX040 & AOPX045AOPX050 & AOPX0550OIL-X Grade AO Dry Particulate FilterInitial Dry Differential Pressure (25% - 100% Rated Flow)1020304050607025%50%75%100%20406080100120OIL-X Grade AA Coalescing FilterInitial Saturated Differential Pressure (25% - 100% Rated Flow)ISO12500-1 Challenge - 10mg/m³Percentage of Rated FlowD i f f e r e n t i a l P r e s s u r e [m b a r ]0140AAPX010AAPX015 & AAPX020AAPX025 & AAPX030AAPX035, AAPX040 & AAPX045AAPX050 & AAPX05525%50%75%100%102030405060OIL-X Grade AA Dry Particulate FilterInitial Dry Differential Pressure (25% - 100% Rated Flow)Percentage of Rated FlowD i f f e r e n t i a l P r e s s u r e [m b a r ]070AAPX010AAPX015 & AAPX020AAPX025 & AAPX030AAPX035, AAPX040 & AAPX045AAPX050 & AAPX055W DDWH©2021 Parker Hannifin Corporation. All rights reserved.PISGSFEOILXPXDCAOAA-00-ENEMEA Product Information Centre Free phone: 00 800 27 27 5374(from AT , BE, CH, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, IE, IL, IS, IT , LU, MT , NL, NO, PL, PT , RU, SE, SK, UK, ZA) US Product Information Centre Toll-free number: 1-800-27 27 537 /gsfeEurope, Middle East, AfricaAE – United Arab Emirates, DubaiTel: +971 4 8127100AT – Austria, St. Florian Tel: +43 (0)7224 66201 AZ – Azerbaijan, Baku Tel: +994 50 2233 458BE/NL/LU – Benelux, Hendrik Ido Ambacht Tel: +31 (0)541 585 000BY – Belarus, Minsk Tel: +48 (0)22 573 24 00CH – Switzerland, Etoy Tel: +41 (0)21 821 87 00 CZ – Czech Republic, PragueTel: +420 284 083 111DE – Germany, Kaarst Tel: +49 (0)2131 4016 0DK – Denmark, Ballerup Tel: +45 43 56 04 00ES – Spain, Madrid Tel: +34 902 330 001FI – Finland, Vantaa Tel: +358 (0)20 753 2500FR – France, Contamine s/Arve Tel: +33 (0)4 50 25 80 25GR – GreeceTel: +30 69 44 52 78 25HU – Hungary, Budaörs Tel: +36 23 885 470IE – Ireland, Dublin Tel: +353 (0)1 466 6370IL – IsraelTel: +39 02 45 19 21IT – Italy, Corsico (MI) Tel: +39 02 45 19 21KZ – Kazakhstan, Almaty Tel: +7 7273 561 000NO – Norway, Asker Tel: +47 66 75 34 00PL – Poland, Warsaw Tel: +48 (0)22 573 24 00PT – PortugalTel: +351 22 999 7360RO – Romania, Bucharest Tel: +40 21 252 1382RU – Russia, Moscow Tel: +7 495 645-2156SE – Sweden, Borås Tel: +46 (0)8 59 79 50 00SL – Slovenia, Novo Mesto Tel: +386 7 337 6650TR – Turkey, Istanbul Tel: +90 216 4997081UK – United Kingdom, Warwick Tel: +44 (0)1926 317 878ZA – South Africa, Kempton Park Tel: +27 (0)11 961 0700North AmericaCA – Canada, Milton, Ontario Tel: +1 905 693 3000US – USA, Cleveland Tel: +1 216 896 3000Asia PacificAU – Australia, Castle Hill Tel: +61 (0)2-9634 7777CN – China, Shanghai Tel: +86 21 2899 5000HK – Hong Kong Tel: +852 2428 8008IN – India, MumbaiTel: +91 22 6513 7081-85JP – Japan, Tokyo Tel: +81 (0)3 6408 3901KR – South Korea, Seoul Tel: +82 2 559 0400MY – Malaysia, Shah Alam Tel: +60 3 7849 0800NZ – New Zealand, Mt Wellington Tel: +64 9 574 1744SG – Singapore Tel: +65 6887 6300TH – Thailand, Bangkok Tel: +662 186 7000TW – Taiwan, Taipei Tel: +886 2 2298 8987Parker WorldwideSouth AmericaAR – Argentina, Buenos Aires Tel: +54 3327 44 4129BR – Brazil, Sao Jose dos Campos Tel: +55 080 0727 5374CL – Chile, Santiago Tel: +56 22 303 9640MX – Mexico, Toluca Tel: +52 72 2275 4200。
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（１）保险杠部件对行人腿部保护十分关键，通过对保险杠部件的改进和优化，能够降低碰撞时行人腿部受到的伤害从而满足标准对行人保护的要求㊂
（２）可以对吸能泡沫进行形状设计，增大碰撞区域的有效体积来增强吸收能量的功能性，选择吸能更好的吸能材料也增强吸能部件吸收能量的能力㊂
参考文献：
［１］李莉，杨济匡，李伟强，等．汽车碰撞行人交通伤害特点分析［Ｊ］．汽车工程，２００５，２７（１）：４４－４６．
ＬＩＬ，ＹＡＮＧＪＫ，ＬＩＷＱ，ｅｔａｌ．ＡＳｔｕｄｙｏｎＰｅｄｅｓｔｒｉａｎＩｎｊｕｒｉｅｓｉｎＴｒａｆｆｉｃＡｃｃｉｄｅｎｔｓ［Ｊ］．ＡｕｔｏｍｏｔｉｖｅＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，２００５，２７（１）：４４－４６．
［２］全国汽车标准化技术委员会．汽车对行人的碰撞保护：ＧＢ／Ｔ２４５５０－２００９［Ｓ］．北京：中国标准出版社，２０１０．
［３］ＭＯＲＴＥＮＲ，ＪＥＮＳＥＮ．ＬＳＴＣＬｅｇｆｏｒｍＩｍｐａｃｔｏｒＦｉｎｉｔｅＥｌｅｍｅｎｔＭｏｄｅｌ［Ｚ］．ＮｅｗＹｏｒｋ：ＬｉｖｅｒｍｏｒｅＳｏｆｔｗａｒｅＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙＣｏｒｐ，２０１４．［４］何业磊．汽车仪表盘ＰＰ材本构关系计算［Ｊ］．塑性工程学报，２０１３，２０（４）：１１５－１１８．
ＨＥＹＬ．ＣｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｖｅＭｏｄｅｌＩｎｖｅｒｓｉｏｎａｎｄＣａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆＰＰＭａｔｅｒｉａｌｆｏｒＶｅｈｉｃｌｅＤａｓｈｂｏａｒｄ［Ｊ］．ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＰｌａｓｔｉｃｉｔｙＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，２０１３，２０（４）：１１５－１１８．
［５］郑温洛．硬质聚氨酯泡沫在车门内饰板中的应用［Ｄ］．广州：华南理工大学，２０１３：２７－２８．
［６］岳凯．门内饰板静压测试及有限元分析［Ｄ］．广州：华南理工大学，２０１７：２０－４０．
［７］曲杰，覃威，郑温洛．车门内饰板总成耐撞性实验分析及优化
［Ｊ］．机械科学与技术，２０１５，３４（８）：１２７４－１２７８．
ＱＵＪ，ＱＩＮＷ，ＺＨＥＮＧＷＬ．ＥｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌＳｔｕｄｙａｎｄＯｐｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｎＣｒａｓｈｗｏｒｔｈｉｎｅｓｓＰｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅｏｆａＣａｒＤｏｏｒＴｒｉｍＳｙｓｔｅｍ［Ｊ］．ＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｆｏｒＡｅｒｏｓｐａｃｅＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，２０１５，３４（８）：１２７４－１２７８．
［８］乌秀春，周盼，鲁宏．轿车保险杠泡沫密度对行人腿部保护研究［Ｊ］．机械设计与制造，２０１６（３）：１１７－１２０．
ＷＵＸＣ，ＺＨＯＵＰ，ＬＵＨ．ＴｈｅＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎＶｅｈｉｃｌｅＢｕｍｐｅｒＦｏａｍＤｅｎｓｉｔｙｏｆＰｅｄｅｓｔｒｉａｎｓＬｅｇｓ［Ｊ］．ＭａｃｈｉｎｅｒｙＤｅｓｉｇｎ＆Ｍａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｅ，２０１６（３）：１１７－１２０．
［９］余志生．汽车理论［Ｍ］．北京：机械工业出版社，２００９：２０１－２１０．［１０］张志飞，李勋，徐中明，等．面向行人下肢保护的汽车前端结构刚度优化设计［Ｊ］．汽车安全与节能学报，２０１５，６（２）：１３９－１４４．ＺＨＡＮＧＺＦ，ＬＩＸ，ＸＵＺＭ，ｅｔａｌ．ＯｐｔｉｍａｌＤｅｓｉｇｎｏｆｔｈｅＶｅｈｉｃｌｅＦｒｏｎｔ－ｅｎｄＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅＳｔｉｆｆｎｅｓｓｆｏｒＰｅｄｅｓｔｒｉａｎＬｏｗｅｒＬｅｇＰｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ［Ｊ］．ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＡｕｔｏｍｏｔｉｖｅＳａｆｅｔｙａｎｄＥｎｅｒｇｙ，２０１５，６（２）：１３９－１４４．
［１１］李玉兰．真应力－应变的定义及其力学特征［Ｊ］．重庆大学学报（自然科学版），２００１，２４（３）：５８－６０．
ＬＩＹＬ．ＤｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎａｎｄＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆＴｒｕｅＳｔｒｅｓｓ－Ｓｔｒａｉｎ［Ｊ］．ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＣｈｏｎｇｑｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ（ＮａｔｕｒａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅＥｄｉｔｉｏｎ），２００１，２４（３）：５８－６０．
［１２］卢子兴．聚氨酯泡沫塑料的强度与断裂韧性［Ｊ］．力学学报，２０００，３２（５）：６２７－６３１．
ＬＵＺＸ．ＩｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎｏｎｔｈｅＦｒａｃｔｕｒｅＰｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆＰｏｌｙｕｒｅｔｈａｎｅＲｉｇｉｄＦｏａｍＰｌａｓｔｉｃｓ［Ｊ］．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＴｈｅｏｒｅｔｉｃａｌａｎｄＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃｓ，２０００，３２（５）：６２７－６３１．
曼牌滤清器Ｆｌｅｘｌｉｎｅ灵活外形空气滤清器实现定制化需求
㊀㊀汽车内的安装空间一般都比较紧凑㊂在过去的几十年里，舒适性功能㊁涡轮增压等越来越多的车内装置都大大减少了汽车发动机舱内的可用空间㊂为此，全球滤清专家曼胡默尔研发出了具有灵活外形的新型空气滤清器，可以更有效地利用车内的安装空间㊂针对独立售后市场，曼牌滤清器ＦｌｅｘｌｉｎｅＣ２６０１７和Ｃ３００３０这两款产品已经应用于梅赛德斯－奔驰Ａ级车和Ｂ级车㊂其中，Ｃ２６０１７空气滤清器适用于汽油发动机，Ｃ３００３０则适用于柴油发动机㊂此外，为其他汽车制造商研发的下一代灵活外形滤芯也在计划中㊂
虽然矩形㊁梯形和具有直边的多边形曾是扁平式空气滤清器的主导设计，而曼牌滤清器Ｆｌｅｘｌｉｎｅ也能有效利用具有曲面外形的安装空间㊂ 与传统设计相比，我们研发的新型空气滤清器可以覆盖更大的过滤面积，从而实现更高的分离效率和容尘量， 曼胡默尔汽车售后市场空气滤芯产品研发员ＤａｎｉｅｌＳＣＨＭＩＤ说㊂ Ｆｌｅｘｌｉｎｅ空气滤清器的外形设计采用了前沿的激光技术，这意味着我们几乎可以制作任何传统方法无法完成的外形㊂这种激光技术让我们为滤清器的制造设立了新的标准㊂
Ｄａｎｉｅｌ强调道㊂与几何形状有限且直边的滤清器相比，Ｃ２６０１７空气滤清器具备许多令人印象深刻的特点，比如增加了１１％的过滤面积㊁提高了２２％的容尘量㊁降低了１６％的压力损失等㊂与此同时，与标准产品相比，新型Ｆｌｅｘｌｉｎｅ空气滤清器由于外形的优势，可以在更加扁平的安装空间内使用㊂
梅赛德斯－奔驰是第一家使用曼胡默尔这一创新解决方案的汽车制造商，且正将这一解决方案作为其ＭＦＡ２（模块化前端架构）平台的标准㊂因此，曼胡默尔的新型空气滤清器将被用于奔驰Ａ级车㊁Ｂ级车及其未来的衍生车型中几乎所有的四缸汽油和柴油发动机㊂
曼胡默尔已向德国专利和商标局及其他国家提交了Ｆｌｅｘｌｉｎｅ空气滤清器的制造方法和设计的专利申请㊂
（来源：俞庆华
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