科技英语复习重点
科技英语翻译复习重点(1)
科技英语翻译复习重点（英译汉篇）一、词语意思翻译1.A fastener is a hardware device that mechanically joins or affixes two or more objects together.（直译法）紧固件是指将两个或多个物体通过机械方法固定在一起的硬件装置。
2.Machinery design is either to formulate an engineering plan for the satisfaction ofa specified need or to solve an engineering problem.（直译法）机械设计的目的是为满足特定需求而绘制工程图纸或解决工程问题。
3.In the1970s,integrated circuit technology and the subsequent creation of microprocessors futher decreased size and cost and further increased speed and reliability of computers.（增词法）20世纪70年代，集成电路技术的发展和后续的微处理器的发明进一步缩小了计算机的尺寸，降低了价格，同时加快了运行速度，提高了可靠性。
4.A power reactor has no need of oil,for the heat generated in the uranium pile is the result of nuclear fission,not of combustion.（增词法）原子动力反应堆不需要油，因为铀堆中所产生的热是核裂变的结果，而不是燃烧的结果。
5.The elementary mechanical components of a machine are termed machine elements.These elements consist of three basic types:structural components, mechanisms,and control components.（省略法）机器的基本机械构件称为机械零件，包括三种基本类型，即：结构构件、机械构件和控制构件。
科技英语四级词汇
科技英语四级词汇
科技英语是当前科技领域的重要语言之一。
掌握科技英语词汇对于从事科学研究、技术开发以及与科技相关的工作非常重要。
以下是科技英语四级词汇的完整版。
2. Artificial Intelligence: 人工智能
3. Robotics: 机器人技术
4. Data Analytics: 数据分析
5. Internet of Things (IoT): 物联网
6. Cybersecurity: 网络安全
7. Virtual Reality (VR): 虚拟现实
8. Augmented Reality (AR): 增强现实
10. Genetic Engineering: 基因工程
11. Biotechnology: 生物技术
12. Nanotechnology: 纳米技术
13. Renewable Energy: 可再生能源
14. Artificial Neural Network: 人工神经网络
15. Big Data: 大数据
16. Cryptocurrency: 加密货币
17. Machine Learning: 机器研究
18. 3D Printing: 3D打印
20. Space Exploration: 太空探索
这些词汇涵盖了科技领域的多个方面，帮助人们更好地理解和交流科技相关的概念和技术。
掌握这些词汇将有助于提高科技英语的水平，为从事相关工作打下坚实基础。
(注意：本文档的内容来源于科技领域常见的英语词汇，没有引用无法确认来源的内容。
)。
《科技英语》综合复习资料(正考)
科技英语综合复习资料Part I Vocabulary and Structure（词汇与结构）1. As parts of the world become -, millions of people will try to migrate to more _areas. BA.hospitable,uninhabitableB.Uninhabitable,hospitableC.Habitable,inhospitableD.inhospitable,uninhabitabe2. A(n) ______ is someone who is being considered for a position, for example someone who is running inan election or applying for a job. C A. astronomer B. scientist C. candidate D. researcher 3. There are scientific satellites in __________ that measure wave heights, but too few to give reliableworldwide coverage. B A. mark B. orbit C. store D. line4. The first-year courses provide short introductions to these areas, while the second-year courses__________ the areas in greater depth. BA. classifyB. investigateC. clearD. examine5. Their marriage was in danger of breaking up last year but it seems quite ______ now. DA. favorableB. criticalC. profitableD. stable6. If individuals are awakened each time as they began a dream phase of sleep, they are likely to becomeirritable even if their total amount of sleep has been ______.BA. efficientB. sufficientC. deficientD. proficient7. Linda didn’t like the work because it lacked __________; she was doing the same thing all the time. CA. anxietyB. priorityC. varietyD. society8. She wanted to ask him all about his private life, but wisely __________ herself. CA. rescuedB. heldC. restrainedD. curbed9. After he was attacked, he managed to __________ to the phone and call for help. DA. poundB. comeC. turnD. stagger10. The issue was whether or not the bacteria (细菌) in his body would __________ the local ecosystem. CA. breakB. balanceC. contaminateD. contain11. Moving to a new school can __________ a child’s education, especially between the ages of eleven andsixteen. CA. upsetB. balanceC. disruptD. disorder12. China’s news media is following world trend by marketization and __________into enterprises D.A. conversionB. translationC. transplantingD. transforming13. Up to 22 people were killed and 187 others injured in a suicide bomb attack which ______ ademonstration in a northern Iraqi city. BA. transportedB. targetedC. yieldedD. aimed14. The general secretary’s decision to inv est was a ______ mistake, resulting in a heavy loss of money. CA. firmB. privateC. costlyD. incentive15. I feel nervous about the ______ of the experiment as it determines the future of this domain. AA. outcomeB. outlookC. outputD. outline16. Once attached to the host Program, the computer viruses then look for other programs to ______.CA. affectB. effectC. infectD. perfect17. Their government always looks at problems from the financial viewpoint, and the social ______ isnever considered. CA. inspectB. prospectC. aspectD. respect18. One’s appearance does not always ______ with his quality, so don’t judge people by looks. BA. compareB. coincideC. collideD. content19. We work best in a peaceful and comfortable __________ so as to increase our productivity and relieveour exhaustion. BA. paceB. atmosphereC. rhymeD. hemisphere20. The new _________ of this dictionary has not been in use yet, but its appearance has aroused quite a lotof attention. BA. visionB. versionC. variationD. verification21. The news slowly __________ through to everyone in the office; finally everybody felt worried aboutthe uncertainty of the future. CA. meltedB. frozeC. filteredD. flowed22. We do remember your initial objections, but unfortunately you didn’t place them ______.DA. in registerB. to documentC. in betweenD. on record23. The cost may be lower than we first thought, but ______ it will still be quite substantial. BA. in no caseB. in any caseC. in case ofD. in case24. Sometimes you can _______ valuable antiques by chance – for example when you’re clearing out anold building. AA. come byB. come inC. come outD. come down25. Obviously you came here intending to _______ the United States and you will need a work visa. DA. rest withB. resort toC. render intoD. reside in26. Y ou will find how to help your child to develop good habits and how to ______ with the bad ones that can cause so much embarrassment and distress. AA. dealB. agreeC. calculateD. endeavor27. We’ve worked out a method by which our production can be raised on a large ______.BA. quantityB. scaleC. qualityD. proportion28. It is a universal ______ that man is different from all the other animals because man can communicatewith each other by means of language. CA. admissionB. permissionC. acknowledgmentD. advancement29. Due to the limited seating _____ of the hall, merely about 700 journalists were present for the pressconference. AA. capacityB. capabilityC. possibilityD. probability30. When he applied for a ______ in the office of the local newspaper he was told to see the manager. AA. positionB. locationC. professionD. career31. The island’s population initially numbered 180, but there was a gradual __________ until only 40people were left. D A. declination B. incline C. inclination D. decline32. For such a tiny woman she had a(n)______ courage to fight against two thieves. AA. incredibleB. resistantC. stapleD. massive33. One cause of the current food crisis is ______ and food prices are high in part because of the dryweather in these places. D A. flood B. cough C. rough D. drought34. Coal can be ______ into gas with the help of the modern technology. BA. yieldB. convertedC. overcameD. reverted35. Many Internet users are worried about their privacy being ______ and their secrets being revealed byonline hackers. A A. invaded B. intakenC. invented D. investigated36. The new ______ edition of this book focuses specifically on the complexities of grammatical choicesthat students need to master. DA. alteredB. convertedC. modifiedD. revised37. The poor condition of this apartment block is a danger to all its __________. BA. habitatsB. inhabitantsC. habitsD. inherits38. Enough lava had __________ from the volcano to bury the entire village. CA. disruptedB. splashedC. eruptedD. spilt39. Y ou are legally ______ to take faulty goods back to the store where you bought them. BA. devotedB. entitledC. accessedD. contributed40. Time and time again, women seem to ______ on promotion and career opportunities. BA. fall outB. lose outC. wipe outD. put out41. _______ in the office had a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customer inconvenience. AA. SomeoneB. AnyoneC. No oneD. Everyone42. Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert ______ it means standing in a queue all night. CA. as ifB. providedC. even ifD. whatever43. Although Mary is satisfied with her success, she wonders ______ will happen to her private life. CA. howB. whoC. whatD. that44. If the whole program _______ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. DA. was not plannedB. were not plannedC. would not be plannedD. had not been planned45. More and more families have moved elsewhere because they cannot ____ the noise from theneighboring airport. BA. come up withB. put up withC. catch up withD. keep up with46. Her sun-tanned face suggested that she _______ in excellent health. CA. beB. isC. wasD. were47. Ever since the Smiths moved to the suburbs a year ago, they _______ better health. CA. could have enjoyedB. had enjoyedC. have been enjoyingD. are enjoying48. This magazine is very _____ with young people, who like its content and style. BA. familiarB. popularC. similarD. Particular49. _____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. BA. Being bittenB. BittenC. Having been bittenD. To be bitten50. The morning paper ______a story about demonstrations in New Y ork and Washington D.C.. AA. carriedB. extendedC. broughtD. TookPart II Identification（判断正误）1. No sooner had they entered the room when the telephone rang. 错误2. As a graduate from high school, Tom is faced with three choices: attending college, finding a job or joining the army. 正确3. It was his nervousness in the interview which probably caused him to lose the job. 错误4. I invited Joe and Linda as well as Tom to dinner, but none of them came. 正确5. Y ou can arrive in Beijing earl ier for the meeting though you don’t mind taking the night train. 错误6. Why not stay at home now that the road is so slippery after the heavy snow？正确7. But for the help of my English teacher, I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition. 正确8 .Those brave army soldiers would rather die with their heads high than lived with their knees bent. 错误9. It is no good try to remember grammatical rules.Y ou need to practice what you have learned. 错误10. The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year. 正确11. Equipped with modem facilities, today's hospitals are quite different from that of the past. 错误12. We solved the problem by using a computer rather than doing it all by hand. 正确13. Over the past 20 years , the internet has helped change our world in either way or anotherfor the better. 错误14. How and why this language has survived for more than a thousand years, while spoken by very few, were hard to explain. 错误15. Nearly half of Americans aged 25 take part in some form of continued education. 正确Part III W ord-filling (单词填空)1. Georgia said it would take a__ aggressive ___（咄咄逼人的）diplomatic steps to respond to the Russian action in order to defend its rights.2. In most western countries, upon reaching an a__ appropriate __（适当的）age, children are encouraged, but not forced, to ―leave the nest‖.3. Among all the voting people, the great majority agreed to __ abolish -(废除) this kind of cruelpunishment as it is against morality.4. But party spokesman, and then the new government, said that for children aged under 11 support would _ cease __（终止）at the end of primary education, while for those already in secondary education, assistance would continue until the end of schooling.5. The current trade __ deficit _（赤字）indicates a serious imbalance between our import and export trade.6. Have you considered being _ sponsored _（赞助）during your time at university? Y ou should, because many students have found it a great help not only during their time as an undergraduate but also in securing employment after graduating.7. The increasing __ unemployment _(employ) caused social unrest, therefore the government must take prompt and effective measures to resolve it.8. It took the authorities a long time to make __ identification _(identify) of the accident victims.9. I want our youngsters to follow their own skills and _ ambitions __(ambitious), and not to be confined by artificial barriers and outdated social conventions.10. Supplies may__ fluctuate _(fluctuation) according to seasonal availability but you’ll always find a wide selection.11. The __ extraction __ (extract) of mineral resources from the ground has left huge scars on the landscape.12. The inflation rate cannot be properly _ quantified ___(quantity) but the official figure is 46%.13. He is very aggressive, totally __ dominating _(dominant) everyone he works with.14. Many experts gave opinions at the meeting, but u_ ultimately __(最终地) the decision lay with the president before it was released to the public.15. He condemned the __ wastefulness _(浪费) of having everyone driving around in private cars instead of using public transport.Part IV Sentence translation（句子翻译）A. E-C Translation（英汉翻译）1. But dependency is no vice when the habit is healthful —and you don’t have to be an Olympian to benefit. 但依赖性也并非坏事，只要它是有益于健康的—你不必非是个奥运选手才能获益。
2014年中国石油大学--科技英语总复习-答题篇
中国石油大学《科技英语》综合复习资料Part I Vocabulary and Structure（词汇与结构）1. As parts of the world become __B____, millions of people will try to migrate to more ___B___ areas.A. hospitable… uninhabitableB. uninhabitable… hospitableC. habitable… inhospitableD. inhospitable … uninhabitable2. A(n) ___C___ is someone who is being considered for a position, for example someone who is runningin an election or applying for a job.A. astronomerB. scientistC. candidateD. researcher3. There are scientific satellites in ____B______ that measure wave heights, but too few to give reliableworldwide coverage.A. markB. orbitC. storeD. line4. The first-year courses provide short introductions to these areas, while the second-year courses_____B_____ the areas in greater depth.A. classifyB. investigateC. clearD. examine5. Their marriage was in danger of breaking up last year but it seems quite __D____ now.A. favorableB. criticalC. profitableD. stable6. If individuals are awakened each time as they began a dream phase of sleep, they are likely to becomeirritable even if their total amount of sleep has been ___B___.A. efficientB. sufficientC. deficientD. proficient7. Linda didn’t like the work because it lacked ____C______; she was doing the same thing all the time.A. anxietyB. priorityC. varietyD. society8. She wanted to ask him all about his private life, but wisely _____C_____ herself.A. rescuedB. heldC. restrainedD. curbed9. After he was attacked, he managed to ____D______ to the phone and call for help.A. poundB. comeC. turnD. stagger10. The issue was whether or not the bacteria (细菌) in his body would _____C_____ the local ecosystem.A. breakB. balanceC. contaminateD. contain11. Moving to a new school can ____C______ a child’s education, especially between the ages of elevenand sixteen.A. upsetB. balanceC. disruptD. disorder12. China’s news media is following world trend by marketization and ___D_______into enterprises.A. conversionB. translationC. transplantingD. transforming13. Up to 22 people were killed and 187 others injured in a suicide bomb attack which __B____ ademonstration in a northern Iraqi city.A. transportedB. targetedC. yieldedD. aimed14. The general secretary’s decision to inv est was a __C____ mistake, resulting in a heavy loss of money.A. firmB. privateC. costlyD. incentive15. I feel nervous about the __A____ of the experiment as it determines the future of this domain.A. outcomeB. outlookC. outputD. outline16. Once attached to the host Program, the computer viruses then look for other programs to ___C___.A. affectB. effectC. infectD. perfect17. Their government always looks at problems from the financial viewpoint, and the social ___C___ isnever considered.A. inspectB. prospectC. aspectD. respect18. One’s appearance does not always __B____ with his quality, so don’t judge people by looks.A. compareB. coincideC. collideD. content19. We work best in a peaceful and comfortable ____B______ so as to increase our productivity and relieveour exhaustion.A. paceB. atmosphereC. rhymeD. hemisphere20. The new ____B_____ of this dictionary has not been in use yet, but its appearance has aroused quite alot of attention.A. visionB. versionC. variationD. verification21. The news slowly ____C______ through to everyone in the office; finally everybody felt worried aboutthe uncertainty of the future.A. meltedB. frozeC. filteredD. flowed22. We do remember your initial objections, but unfortunately you didn’t place them __D____.A. in registerB. to documentC. in betweenD. on record23. The cost may be lower than we first thought, but __B____ it will still be quite substantial.A. in no caseB. in any caseC. in case ofD. in case24. Sometimes you can __A_____ valuable antiques by chance – for example when you’re clearing out anold building.A. come byB. come inC. come outD. come down25. Obviously you came here intending to ___D____ the United States and you will need a work visa.A. rest withB. resort toC. render intoD. reside in26. The new __D____ edition of this book focuses specifically on the complexities of grammatical choicesthat students need to master.A. alteredB. convertedC. modifiedD. revised27. The poor condition of this apartment block is a danger to all its ____B______.A. habitatsB. inhabitantsC. habitsD. inherits28. Enough lava had ____C______ from the volcano to bury the entire village.A. disruptedB. splashedC. eruptedD. spilt29. You are legally ___B___ to take faulty goods back to the store where you bought them.A. devotedB. entitledC. accessedD. contributed30. Time and time again, women seem to __B____ on promotion and career opportunities.A. fall outB. lose outC. wipe outD. put out31. ___A____ in the office had a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customer inconvenience.A. SomeoneB. AnyoneC. No oneD. Everyone32. Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert __C____ it means standing in a queue all night.A. as ifB. providedC. even ifD. whatever33. This magazine is very __B___ with young people, who like its content and style.A. familiarB. popularC. similarD. Particular34. _B____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.A. Being bittenB. BittenC. Having been bittenD. To be bitten35. The morning paper __A____a story about demonstrations in New York and Washington D.C..A. carriedB. extendedC. broughtD. tookPart II Identification（判断正误）1. No sooner had they entered the room when the telephone rang. 错2. As a graduate from high school, Tom is faced with three choices: attending college, finding a job or joining the army. 对3. It was his nervousness in the interview which probably caused him to lose the job. 错4. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting though you don’t mind taking the night train. 错5. Why not stay at home now that the road is so slippery after the heavy snow？对6. But for the help of my English teacher, I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition. 对7 .Those brave army soldiers would rather die with their heads high than lived with their knees bent. 错8. It is no good try to remember grammatical rules. You need to practice what you have learned. 错9. The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year. 对10. Over the past 20 years, the internet has helped change our world in either way or another 错for the better.Part III Word-filling (单词填空)1. Georgia said it would take a___ aggressive__（咄咄逼人的）diplomatic steps to respond to the Russian action in order to defend its rights.2. In most western countries, upon reaching an a__ appropriate__（适当的）age, children are encouraged, but not forced, to ―leave the nest‖.3. Among all the voting people, the great majority agreed to a _abolish____(废除) this kind of cruel punishment as it is against morality.4. It took the authorities a long time to make _ identification __(identify) of the accident victims.5. Supplies may_ fluctuate__(fluctuation) according to seasonal availability but you’ll always find a wide selection.6. The __ extraction__ (extract) of mineral resources from the ground has left huge scars on the landscape.7. The inflation rate cannot be properly __ quantified__(quantity) but the official figure is 46%.8. He is very aggressive, totally _ dominating__(dominant) everyone he works with.9. Many experts gave opinions at the meeting, but u_ ultimately__(最终地) the decision lay with the president before it was released to the public.10. He condemned the w_ wastefulness__(浪费) of having everyone driving around in private cars instead of using public transport.Part IV Sentence translation（句子翻译）A. E-C Translation（英汉翻译）1. But dependency is no vice when the habit is healthful —and you don’t have to be an Olympian to benefit.但依赖性也并非坏事，只要它是有益于健康的—你不必非是个奥运选手才能获益。
高考英语阅读理解复习-科技类20篇(含解析)
科技类词汇对应阅读passage1A snake﹣robot designer，a technologist，an extradimensional physicist and a journalist walk into a room.The journalist turns to the crowd and asks：Should we build houses on the ocean？Like a think﹣tank panel，members of the team dream up far﹣out answers to the crucial problem，such as self﹣driving housing units that could park on top of one another in the coastal city center.The setting is X，the enterprise which considers more than100ideas each year，in areas ranging from clean energy to artificial intelligence.Although only a tiny percentage become"projects"with far﹣reaching creativity，these projects exist，ultimately，to change the world，like Waymo，the biggest self﹣driving﹣car company.In the past60years，something strange has happened.As the academic study of creativity has thrived （蓬勃发展），the label innovation may have covered every tiny change of a soda can or a toothpaste flavor，but the rate of productivity growth has been mostly declining since the1970s.John Fernald，an economist，points out that the notable exception to the post﹣1970decline in productivity occurred when businesses throughout the economy finally figured out the breakthrough technology﹣information technology.John Fernald says，"It's possible that productivity took off，because we picked all the low﹣hanging fruit from the IT wave."Actually，the world economy continues to harvest the benefits of IT.But where will the next technology shock come from？Breakthrough technology results from two distinct activities﹣invention and innovation.Invention is typically the work of scientists and researchers in labs，while innovation is an invention put to commercial use.Seldom do the two activities occur successfully under the same roof.They tend to thrive in opposite conditions；while competition and consumer choice encourage innovation，invention has historically progressed in labs that are protected from the pressure to generate profit.Allowing well﹣funded and diverse teams to try to solve big problems is what gave us the computer and the Internet.Today，we fail to give attention to planting the seeds of this kind of ambitious research，while complaining about the harvest."Companies are really good at combining existing breakthroughs in ways that consumers like.But the breakthroughs come from patient and curious scientists，not the rush to market，"says Jon Gertner，the author of The Idea Factory."Technology is a tall tree，"John Fernald said."But planting the seeds of invention and harvesting the fruit of innovation are entirely distinct skills，often mastered by different organizations and separated by manyyears."As for me，both of them are essential for technology，although they are relatively independent.I don't think X is a planter or a harvester，actually.It is like building taller ladders.Nobody knows for sure what，if anything，the employees at such enterprises are going to find up on those ladders.But they're reaching.At least someone is.（1）What is the main purpose of the first two paragraphs？A．To present the process of group discussion.B．To illustrate X's worry about big problems.C．To reveal the importance of the crazy ideas.D．To stress the varied backgrounds of the team.（2）What can we learn from the passage？A．Breakthroughs must stand the test of the market.B．Innovation on necessities can promote productivity.C．Invention develops slowly under the pressure of profit.D．The harvest of innovation lies in some ambitious research.（3）Regarding John Fernald's view on technology，the author is.A．supportiveB．cautiousC．uncertainD．critical（4）What can be inferred about X from the passage？A．It will focus on innovation.B．It will have its outcome soon.C．It may give in to its fruitless reality.D．It may bring an encouraging outlook.【分析】这是一篇说明文。
科技英语翻译总复习题版
The rise in temperature could not have happened of itself.温度上升不可能是出于自身的原因。
Be the shape of a body complicated, it is possible to find out its volume.不论物体的形状如何复杂，人们均可求出它的体积。
The more energy we desire to send, the higher we make the voltage.要求输送的电能越多，就得使电压升得越高。
The most typical humanlike characteristic of a robot is its arm.机器人最具人性化的特点就是它的机械臂。
In our studies of the implications for the First Law, we were able to see the importance of the distinction between state and path functions.我们研究第一定律时，可以明白区分状态函数和路径函数的重要性。
The first job of an electron tube is to get the electrons apart from their nuclei.电子管的第一项工作就是使电子与其原子核分开。
That type of turbine usually rotates at a very low speed.那种汽轮机通常以非常低的速度运转。
Small objects such as dust particles and water droplets fall only small distances before losing most of their acceleration.小物体，比如尘粒和水珠，仅仅下落了一小段距离后便失去了其大部分的加速度。
高中英语高考复习必背科普文章词汇(共四大类)
高考英语必背科普文章词汇（一）1.Data 数据data base 数据库statistics 统计2.identity 身份identify vt 识别辨认mon 普遍的共同的shared 共享的4.market technology 市场技术/科技5.fingerprint（指纹）scan（扫描）6.private 私人的privacy 隐私e-space 电子空间7.Researcher研究者expert 专家specialist 专家experimenter 实验者e up with提出想起9.low-cost 提出10.device（装置）11.smart 只能的12.Keyboard 键盘13.precisely 确切地14.measure 测量15.Type 种类/打字pattern 类型款型16.pressure 压力17.Apply….To 把…应用于….18.analyze 分析19.force 力量强迫er用户21.press 按压pressure 压力22.unique 独特的23.determine 决定determination 决心determined 坚决的24.extension--extend 延长拓展25.give access to 给…渠道/机会26.be connected to 被链接到27.regardless of 尽管28.password密码29.Be familiar with 对…熟悉30.volunteer 志愿者实验参与者=subject=participant31.collect 收集collective 集合的共同的32.recognize 辨认认可33.be based on 基于34.error 错误rate 比率error rate 错误率35.straightforward直白的清晰明了的mercialize vt,使…商业化commercial商业的37.be made of 由…组成=consist of38.inexpensive 实惠的39.plastic 塑料的40.make it 成功41.in the near future 在不久的未来（二）1.Accuracy准确性accurate adj,准确的2.replace 代替replacement n 替代品substitution3.system 系统4.cut the cost of剪掉成本5.Invention 发明=invent6.make ….possible 使…成为可能7.operate 运作操作-operationcooperate 共同运作合作-cooperation8.develop研发患病9.Vary（变化） from person to person.因人而异10.Data security数据安全性11.Guarantee 保证12.expect 期待13.environment-friendly 环境友好型14.consumer 消费者15.speed up 加速16.diary 日记17.Guidebook 指导书18.novel 小说19.Science report 科学报告20.science journal 科学杂志21.Fiction 科幻虚构non-fiction 现实22.consider 考虑considerable 大量的considerably 相当地considerate, 体贴的,考虑周全的23.luxury 奢侈品/ luxurious 奢侈品24.Essential 必要的25.wellbeing 健康幸福26.Insufficient 不足够的27.increase risk of ……增加…的风险28.severe 严重的29.medical condition 医疗条件30.obesity 肥胖high blood sugar levels 高血糖水平31.heart disease 心脏病32.improve academic performance 提高学术表现实验过程32.the relationship between A and BA…B之间的关系 = connection between A and Bstraight-line relationship between A and B A….B 成线性关系33.hand out 分发出去34.smart watch 智能手表35.track 追踪36.physical activity 生理活动psychological activity 心理活动37.academic achievement 学术成就38.While 虽然…39.factor 要素40.average平均的平庸的平均值41.amount 数量 amount to 相当于42.result 结果result in 导致result from 来源于43.course 课程44.quiz 测试midterm test中期测试the final exam期末测试45.Matter 物质vi,重要46.perform poorly表现糟糕/性能差47.outperform ,表现得更好outnumber 更多数量48.higher-performing student ,表现很好的学术49.Quantity 数量50.Perhaps 也许51.Impact 影响(sy :effect, influence) have …impact on对..产生影响pattern模式类型52.grade 级别分数53.overall 总体54.Similarly 相似地55.Regular 常规的56.extra额外的57.original 最初的58.Objective客观的---object vt 反对59.Accidental 意外的plete完成61.Convincing adj 有说服力的 convince vt 说服…62.Doubtful 怀疑的63.Chemistry 化学64.Volunteer 志愿者(sy: participant, subject) 65.Professor 教授66athlete 运动员67.normal test 常规测试68.Academically 学术（三）1.seek connections with sth .寻求….的关系2.emotional情感的3.Experience 体验经历经验4.Not all travel experiences, however, need to take place in the real world.不是所有的旅游体验都需要在真实的世界发生5.With the evolution of technology 随着科技的发展6.virtual reality (VR)7.increasingly 越来越….8.physical and virtual world 实体和虚拟世界9.even 甚至10.remove去除11.Need n,需求（sy, demand） meet the need for…满足…的需求12.entirely adv, 完全地13.equal平等的equal to…相当于14.expert 专家(sy, specialist )15.Inbuilt 内置的16.mechanism 机制17.Current 当前的 currency 货币18.process n, 过程in the process of 在…过程vt处理加工procession,n19.be engaged in 从事忙于某事20.mind wandering心理游走21.mental images心理表象22.Pathway通道,方法渠道23.receive 接受receiver 接收者reception 前台24.input 输入output 输出25.react to 反应26.critic 评论家27.Argue 坚持认为28.match 匹配搭配 n,比赛29.make a positive contribution 做出积极的贡献/促进30.historical event 历史事件31.ancient city 古城 32.Dinosaur 恐龙33.suffer from 遭受34.stress and depression 压力和抑郁35.due to 由于36.overwork 加班37.convenient 便利38.brief 简洁的39.otherwise 否则另外持此以外40.destination 目的地42.battery 电池41.recharge 重新充电charge 充电收费控诉free of charge 免费42.science fiction 科幻43.Demand 要求需求44.shared experience共享的体验45.physical world.实际的世界（四）1.Honeybee 蜜蜂ant 蚂蚁social社会的insect昆虫live in group 群居2.colony 殖民地栖息地.3.survive幸存4.by means of 用…方式/手段5.collective 集体的共同的6.Intelligence 智商智慧intelligent 聪明的高智商的7.decision-making power 决定权8.distribute 分布9.throughout贯穿10.Instead 相反11.have a lot in common 有很多共同点12.in terms of …..在…方面13.social behavior 社会行为14.Specifically 尤其（sy especially, particularly）munication 沟通通讯16.capacity for learning 学习能力17.Pheromone 荷尔蒙18.source 源头来源19.promising 充满前景的很有潜力的promise 承诺20.rest adj 剩下的 n,休息21.a trail of一系列23.pick up 随机学到的捡起接受到24.speed and movement 速度和运动25.indicate暗示表明（sy:suggest）26.concept 概念27.accomplish 完成28.certain 某个29.foraging skill 觅食技巧30.accompany 陪伴31.route 路线32.avoid 避免33.obstacle 阻碍物困难34.coordinate 协作35.crucial 关键的36.Cooperate 合作 cooperationoperate 操作37.consist of 由…组成（be made up of ）38.Individual n, 个体adj,个体的39.Unintelligent 不聪明的40.amazing 令人惊讶的41.brilliance 智慧光明42.leadership 领导力43.distance 距离44.direction方向45.potential 潜在的46.demonstrate 表明展现(sy,show, exhibit)46.statistic 统计 data 数据47.reference 参考引用(sy: quote)48.present study finding 呈现研究发现49.benefit vt 使…受益..n,好处50.collective intelligence 集体智慧51.reproduce 繁殖52.rapidly 快速地53.work cooperation工作的协作54.reduce 降低55.division 分别divide 分开bour 劳动力。
text & translation
科技英语翻译复习(课文)Unit 1Pure and Applied Science (1)As students of science (2)you are probably sometimes puzzled by the terms …pure‟ and …applied‟ science. Are these two totally different activities, having little or no interconnection, as is often implied? Let us begin by examining what is done by each.(3)Pure science is primarily concerned with the development of theories (or, as they are frequently called, models) establishing relationships between the phenomena of the universe.(4)When they are sufficiently validated, these theories (hypotheses, models) become the working laws or principles of science. In carrying out this work, the pure scientist usually disregards its application to practical affairs, confining his attention to explanations of how and why events occur. Hence, in physics, the equations describing the behavior of fundamental particles, or in biology, the establishment of the life cycle of a particular species of insect living in a Polar environment, (5)are said to be examples of pure science (basic research), having no apparent connection (for the moment) with technology, i.e. applied science.Applied science, on the other hand, is directly concerned with the application of the working laws of pure science to the practical affairs of life, and to increasing man‟s control over his environment, thus leading to the development of new techniques, processes and machines. (6)Such activities as investigating the strength and uses of materials, extending the findings of pure mathematics to improve the sampling procedures used in agriculture or the social sciences, and developing the potentialities of atomic energy, are all examples of the work of the applied scientist or technologist.It is evident that many branches of applied science are practical extensions of purely theoretical or experimental work. Thus the study of radioactivity began as a piece of pure research, but its results are now applied in a great number of different ways ---- in cancer treatment in medicine, the development of fertilizers in agriculture, the study of metal-fatigue in engineering, in methods of estimating the ages of objects in anthropology and geology, etc. Conversely, work in applied science and technology frequently acts as a direct stimulus to the development of pure science. Such an interaction occurs, for example, when the technologist, in applying a particular concept of pure science to a practical problem, reveals a gap or limitation in the theoretical model, thus pointing the way for further basic research. Often a further interaction occurs, since the pure scientist is unable to undertake this further research until another technologist provides him with more highly-developed instruments.It seems, then, (7)that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting, and that the so-called division (8)between the pure scientist and the applied scientist is more apparent than real.理论科学与应用科学(Pure and Applied Science)理工科学生有时候也许会被“理论”科学与“应用”科学这两个名称弄得莫名其妙。
高三英语高考总复习系列课件：话题二 科技人教版
15.float vi. & vt.(使)浮动,（使）漂浮 16.favour vt. 喜爱 ； 偏袒 n. 喜爱 ； 恩惠 → favourite adj. & n.
17.forbid vt.禁止,不准 18.goal n. 目标 ； ； 目的 （进球）得分
19.harmful adj.有害的 → harm n. & v. 20.intelligence n. 智力 ；智能 → intelligent adj. 21.较年幼的 adj.junior 22.团；大量 n. mass 23.反对 vi. object →objection n.
6.climate n. 气候 → weather n. 7.crash vi. & vt. 碰撞 坠落 8.desire n. 渴望 ；vt. 希望得到，想要
9.declare n. 宣布 ； 表明 10.divorce vt.与„„离婚 n. 离婚 11.differ vi. 不同,相异 → different adj.
felt alarmed (惊恐的，害怕的). 9.Also she felt her home wasn’t elegant
(优雅的) enough for someone like Larry who
话题二 科 技
基础自测
Ⅰ.要点词汇（英语写出词性和意思）
1.anyhow adv. 无论如何 ； 即使如此 2.astronomy n. 天文学 → astronomer n. 天文学家 3.accompany vt. 陪伴 伴奏 4.arise vi. 出现 ；发生 5.bound adj. 一定的 ； 密切相关的
材料科技英语句子翻译重点
材料科技英语考试句子翻译复习（1-5,1/5）1. Material science involves investigating the relationship that exists between the structures and properties of materials. In contrast，“material engineering”is on the basis of these structure-property correlations，designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties材料科学是研究材料的结构和性能之间存在的关系，相反，材料工程是在这些结构性能相互关系的基础上，设计和构建材料的结构来实现一系列的预定的性能。
2. Virtually all important properties of solid materials may be grouped into six different categories：mechanical，electrical，thermal，magnetic，optical，and deteriorative实际上，固体材料的所有重要材料可以被分成六个目录，力学，热学，磁学，光学和失效。
3. In addition to structure and properties, two other important components are involved in the science and engineering of materials，namely“processing”and “performance”.除了结构和性质，还有两个重要的材料科学与工程的性质是材料加工材料和性能。
专业英语复习题
科技英语考试范围及其复习资料句子翻译有什么错误可以给我发消息，阅读理解做好了的，答案发给我哈。
复习题：Translation.（翻译）★sentence:(句子翻译考试20个从中选六个)1.Data is a collection of un-oragnized facts which can include woeds numbers images and sounds. 数据收集的是无组织的事实，它可以包括文字，数字，图像和声音的。
2.A computer cinsists of a variety of hardware components that work together with softw are to （没来得及抄完呀，谁抄好了这条给我发扣扣）3.There hardware components include input devices,output devices a system unit storage and communication devices.有硬件部件包括输入设备，输出设备系统单元的存储和通信设备4.An input device allows a user to enter and commands into the memory of a computer.一种输入设备允许用户输入和命令向计算机存储。
5.Storage differs from memory,which can hold these items permanently whereas memory holds these memory holds items only temporanrily.外存和内存不一样，它可以支持永久存储，然而内存只暂时存储数据。
6.A hard disk provides mush grester storage capacity than a floppy disk.硬盘能提供比软盘更大的存储容量。
西南交大科技英语翻译复习题解析
西南交大科技英语翻译复习题解析科技英语翻译复习题1.To transmit electromagnetic waves takes energy.传送电磁波需要能量。
2.Chemical control will do most of things in pest control.化学防治能在病虫害防治中起主要作用。
3. It is not until wires are connected that the path is completed.直到导线连上以后，此电路才连通。
4. The odds are heavily against any man being able to do the work in the field of abstract theory that Einstein is doing.对任何能从事爱因斯坦正在进行的抽象理论研究的人来说，条件都是极为不利的。
5. Oscillator design is of an art rather than an exact science.与其说振荡器的设计是一门严谨的科学，不如说它是一门艺术。
6. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed.发现迅速减少到1/7。
7. Birds and animals which hunt at night have eyes which contain few or no cones at all, so they cannot see colors.凡是在夜间觅食的飞禽走兽，因为眼睛中的视锥细胞数量极少或根本没有，所以不能辨别颜色。
8. Tsunami is sometimes powerful enough to destroy a coastwise building it strikes海啸有时威力很大，足可催毁它所冲击的沿岸的建筑物9. Not everybody is convinced the Leaning Tower of Pisa really can be saved.并非每一个人都相信比萨斜塔真的能够免于坍塌。
科技英语复习资料
一、标题（翻译自己找笔记）1. Auditory Perspectives of Different Types of Music2. Harmful Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Humans3. Using Water Resources for Irrigation in Semiarid Land4. Protecting Water Quality Through the Successful Integration of Research and Education5. The Single Community Concept: A Model for Adult Environmental Education6. Physics and Art: Uncovering Conceptual Linkages7. Use of Diamond for Electric Devices8. Yellow Fever's Effect on Transportation and Commerce9. The Nature of Student Science Projects in Comparison to Educational Goals for Science10. A Qualitative / Quantitative analysis of the Administrative Management Institute at Comell University11.The Americans With Disability Act and Its Applicability to the Mentally Ill, Human Immune-Deficiency Virus and AIDS Populations: A Statistical Analysis句子(1) The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery.医生迅速到达，非常仔细地检查了病人，(因此) 病人很快就康复了。
科技英语复习week15-16---ESTTestSample-Revision
I.Decide whether the following statements are True or False:(1 point for each)1.F Much of the world’s electricity nowadays is produced from the use ofrenewable resources.2.F According to the Faraday’s law, action and reaction are opposite andequal.3.T In convention, alternating current is usually supplied to people’s housesat 50 cycles per second.4.T Dinosaurs may have become extinct because their brains were not proportional to their brawn.5.F Mankind has always doubted what Tennyson calls “the usefu l trouble ofthe rain.6.T Modern computers are sometimes classified into generations, witheach generation characterized with some important technology.7.F Water pollution may affect humans directly, causing a smarting of theeyes or coughing.8.T The Internet can also be used to transfer telephone calls using anapplication known as IP-telephony.9.F The term, civil engineering, was first used in the U.S.A. to distinguish thenewly profession military engineering, until then preeminent.10.T As late as the 1760s, the radial boulevards in Paris had military as wellas aesthetic purposes.11.T Urban planners in the 17th-century Europe also introduced parks andplaygrounds in congested city neighborhoods, providing places for recreation, and for visual relief.12.F Action and reaction are opposite and equal. Sound travels through theair in waves. Soft layers of ice moulded the lakes and hills of Europe and North America millions of years ago.13.F Civil engineering can be divided into three broad categories, which maybe described as consulting, contracting and governmental engineering.14.T Although essentially a practical profession, civil engineering is foundedon applied science.15.T A tunnel is a passage, or a gallery, or a roadway beneath the ground orunderwater.16.T Electric power systems refers to all components that transform othertype of energy into electrical energy and transmit this energy to a consumer.17.F Electricity is a phenomenon produced by the elementary particle, whichbelongs to a fundamental property of matter.18.F In comparison with both mechanics and optics, the science of electricityand magnetism were slow to develop since 1700.19.F Urban management may be described as a social movement, as abusiness function, or as a technical profession. There are lots of examples from human’s earliest times of efforts to plan city development.20.F Around the 18th century, the city planning concepts of the EuropeanRenaissance were transplanted to the New World.21.F Thunder is the loud noise followed by a flash of light.If you light amatch on an airplane, no wind will blow it out.22.T Historically, mechanics was among the first of the exact sciences to bedeveloped. It is concerned with the motion of bodies under the action of forces, including the special case in which a body remains at rest.23.T The three quantities of bodies—the total energy, (linear) momentum,and angular momentum in the universe are conserved.24.F Although England and Scotland were important centers ofmathematical research in the early 17th century, with Maclaurin’s death in 1746, the British flame was all but extinguished.25.T The central concepts in classical mechanics are force, mass and motion.26.F Art is the use of skill and imagination in the creation of aesthetic objects,environments, or experiences that are not to be shared with others.27.T Carbon is the most important element, and for this reason all steels areclassified according to carbon content.28.T Input devices, such as a keyboard or mouse, permit the computer user tocommunicate with the computer.29.F The development of electricity as a source of power started earlier thansteam power late in the 20th century.30.T Art conservation and restoration are actions taken to examine, preserve,and restore to their original conditions of objects of historic and artistic merits.31.F Only certain drugs alter the body’s chemistry.32.T A significant danger of heroin is that it is so addictive.33.F Even an overdose of amphetamines will probably not be fatal.34.T Barbiturates are particularly dangerous when taken with alcohol.35.F Scientists can predict with reasonable accuracy the effects of LSD onthe user.36.F Although many scientists studied motion，Newton was the first.37.T Acceleration is proportional to mass. Any change in motion is producedby a force.38.T A rocket functions on the principle of action and reaction. Newton’s ideasinfluenced world thinking in fields other than science.39.F Galileo’s ideas were based on Newton’s work.40.T Noise pollution is one form of pollution that is characteristic ofindustrial societies is noise.II. Translate the following terms into English: (30%, 3 points for each)1. 载人飞行manned flight，角动量angular momentum；相对力学relativistic mechanics2. 马蹄形磁铁horseshoe magnet；土木工程civil engineering；运动学kinematics ；动力学kinetics3. 数据库管理database management；弹出式广告pop-up ads；命令和指令commands & instructions系统总线bus4. 物种起源The Origin of Species；超声波supersonic/ ultrasonic / hypersonic；寄存器register5. 装饰艺术art deco；无人机UA V/Unmanned Aerial Vehicle；防空工事air defense work静力学statics6. 操作系统OS/ Operating System；麻花钻twist drill；抗体anti-body7. 氧化物oxidant；毒品narcotics/ narcotic drugs ；解除管制decontrol8. 随机存储器（随机存储内存）RAM =Random Access Memory；只读存储器（只读内存）ROM =Read-Only Memory；下拉式菜单Pull-down/drop-down Menu9. 中央处理器CPU = Central Processing Unit；面向进程的process-oriented；面向对象的object-oriented;平板电脑tablet computer；笔记本电脑notebook/laptop computer;台式机/台式电脑desktop computer10. 发电机组generator unit/set；power unit;水电站hydropower/water-power plant；鸡心夹头heart carrier11. 手术后的postoperative；死后的/验尸的postmortem；凝固点solid point12. 炸弹负荷/炸弹负载bomb load；立体显微镜Stereomicroscope ；空气阻力air reaction13.工字钢I-steel；槽钢U-steel；金字塔式框架A-frame14. 声纳sonar ；镭射/激光laser；雷达radar；15.城市规划urban planning；转/分r. p. m；超导体superconductorIII. Translate the following terms into Chinese: (30%, 3 points for each)1.air reaction, solid point, defense work2.r.p.m, SCR , hydropower,3.RAM, CPU, Read-Only Memory4.stereomicroscope, oxidize, narcotics5.process-oriented, heart carrier, AC-DC6.radar, sonar, superconductor7.I-steel, T-beam, U-bolt8.Morse code, hypertext, front-user9.hypo-health, postoperative, decontrol10.mechanics, statics, kinematicsIII. Put the following sentences into Chinese: (20%, 2 points for each)1. These vacuum tubes will see use in the output stage.这些真空管将在输出级得到应用。
太原理工大学科技英语(一)全部复习资料(1)
一．英汉互译1.Friction（摩擦）will causethe bearingsto become heated摩擦会使轴承变热2.Eachatom normally has the same number of electrons revolving about the nuclear asit has protons.通常每个原子内绕原子核旋转的电子数和原子核内的质子数相同3.In a solid or liquid,the molecules are much closer together,resulting in much more material in a given volume.在液体和固体中，分子结合得紧密得多，导致在一定体积内的物质也多得多4.The determination of what element or elements are present in a substance is called qualitative analysis.测定物质中存在哪种或哪几种元素叫做定性分析5.Thesteel should not contain more than0.5%of carbon钢中的含碳量不应超过0.5%6.Sounddoes not travel asfast aslight声音不如光传播的快7.Theinstallation of the new equipment is the responsibility of the manufacturers.厂家负责安装这种新机器二．填空题1.From the results of the measurements it can be concluded that temperatures on the surface of Venusis too hot for life asknown on earth.从观测结果可以得出结论：金星表面的温度对地球上已知的生物来说太高。
科技英语复习内容(考试)
Unit 1A. 1) mutual gain game and mutual harm game互赢博弈和互败博弈2) sequential –move game连续策略博弈3) simultaneous-move game 联立策略博弈4) linear reasoning直线推理5) circular reasoning循环推理6) Nash reasoning纳什均衡7) dominant strategy支配性策略8) optimal result最优化结果9) breakdown of cooperation合作破裂10) strategy of brinkmanship边缘化策略B. 1) 完全博弈pure conflict 2) 竞争与合作competition and cooperation3) 策略性相互作用strategic interdependence 4) 囚徒困境prisoners’ dilemma5) 长远性损失ong-run loss 6) 针锋相对策略tit-for-tat strategy7) 策略混合mixing one’s moves8) 打斜线球或底线球hit a passing shot cross-court or down the line9) 垄断性市场monopoly market 10) 均衡份额equilibrium sharesUnit 5A. 1) the existing technology 现有的技术2) voice commands语音命令3) cellular network蜂窝网络4) slot for added memory附加存储卡用槽5) have computerlike fearues具有电脑功能6) a built-in digital camera内置式数码相机7) set up temporary offices建立临时办公室8) word processing power文字处理能力9) qwerty keboard标准键盘10) location-based services定位服务B. 1) 闪存容量flashy memory 2) 手机观察家们mobile-phone watchers3) 投影键盘projection keyboard 4) 个人电脑的捍卫者defenders of the PC5) 语音识别系统speech-recognition system 6) “双铰”式设计―dual hinge‖ design7) 按钮式拨号式键盘the touch-tone pad 8) 手机迷a phone guy9) 豪华大屏显the luxuriously large screen 10) 智能手机smartphonesUnit 8A 1) ferrous metal 黑色金属2) boron nitride 氮化硼3) elastic deformation 弹性形变4) plastic deformation 塑性形变5) bulk modulus体积模量6) volume compression 体积压缩7) linear compression 线性压缩8) shear modulus 剪切模9) covalent bond 共价键10) irreversible motion 不可恢复运动B 1) 剪切运动shear motion 2）过渡金属transition mental 3）纳米结构nanostructure4）结晶粒度grain size 5）三元相ternary phases 6）高价电子high valence electron7）导热性能thermal conductivity 8) 低耗合成low-cost synthesis9）耐磨涂层wear-risistant coating 10）折光指数index refractionUnit 11. The essence of a game is the interdependence of player strategies. There are two distinct types of strategic interdependence: sequential and simultaneous.博奕的实质是博弈者采取策略间相互依赖性，这种策略性相互依赖表瑞为两个不同类别，连续策略之间和联力策略间的相互作用。
科技英语期末复习题库
单词：Unit 1internal combustion engine 内燃机transmission 传动装置，变速器clutch 离合器gear 排挡pedestrian 行人cumbersome 笨重的boiler 锅炉gallon 加仑（容量单位）condenser 冷凝器crank 曲柄backfire 逆火，回火electric starter 电发动机churn out 大量生产marginalisation 边缘化feedwater pump 给水泵consign 使处于；把……置于carbon monoxide 一氧化碳nitrogen oxide 氧化氮throttle 节流阀heat resistant coating 耐高温涂层spin-off 副产品emission 排放物；排放量diesel 柴油（机）shakeup 重大改变Unit 2motor 运动的rudimentary 未成熟的feat 功绩；壮举medic 医生physician （内科）医生telemedicine 远程医疗ultrasound 超声波vein 静脉carotid artery 颈动脉endovascular 血管内的blood vessel 血管torso 躯干video feed 视频反馈infrared light 红外线high-resolution 高分辨率的stereoscopic 立体的aluminium 铝tendon 筋，腱incision 切口automaton 机器人Unit 3grail 圣杯cardiovascular心血管的cardiac 心脏（病）的aerospace 航空与航天空间valve （心脏的）瓣膜circulatory 循环的bug 瑕疵brushless motor 无电刷电动机pericardium 围心，心包膜membrane 薄膜，隔膜polyurethane 聚亚安酯hydraulic fluid液压机液体Unit 4entrepreneur 企业家savvy 懂行的monetize 用……来赚钱permalink 永久链接Unit 5tout 兜售elixir 长生不老药alchemist 炼金术士gullible 易受骗的，轻信的longevity 长寿lucre 金钱收益；利润carbohydrate 碳水化合物elasticity 弹性superimpose 添加，附加parasitic 由寄生虫引起的inadvertent 不经意的，出于无心的demise 死亡vehemently 强烈地purport 声称envision 预见，展望militate 产生作用或影响burgeoning 迅速发展的paucity 少量，不足putative 假定存在的Unit 6Bascule 活动结构seesaw 跷跷板mast 桅杆pier 桥墩Helmet 头盔barge 驳船caisson 沉箱rivet 铆钉Cantilever 悬臂snugly 合适地Abutment 桥台scaffolding 支架Unit 7give up the ghost 不能运转，报废lifespan 使用期white goods 大型家用电器whiz(z) 发出飕飕声take its toll 造成损失conk out 出故障premature 提前的；过早的scrap 抛弃Refund 退还shell out 花费，支付paramount 最重要的Unit 8intuitive 直观的constellation 星座；一系列orbit 轨道trilateration 三边测量（术）radii 半径（radius的复数）electromagnetic 电磁的pseudo-random code 伪随机码Nanosecond 十亿分之一秒in a nutshell 简言之Gauge 测量almanac 年鉴翻译Unit 3：(1)They needed the ultimate in reliability, and the answer came from design methodologies, testing strategies and know-how for the electronics on satellites.译：他们需要最终的可靠性，而答案来自于卫星电子设备的设计方法、测试策略和诀窍。