writing samples
Writing Samples(Unit 1-Unit 10,Book 3)
Writing Assignments and Writing Samples(New College English, Book 3)Unit 1 PersonalityDirections: Write an article entitled “My Advice to Pessimists”. Y our article must cover the following two points: 1）disadvantages of pessimism2）way(s) of overcoming pessimismSample 1:My Advice to PessimistsPessimism is a common psychological disease, which often leads to depression, failure or hopelessness in life. If it dominates a person, this person’s life will be dull and he will not have a good mood for wor k or play. If a person is a serious pessimist, he will do something stupid—for example, commit suicide, or use drugs to get relief, etc. Pessimism is a threat to society.Pessimists should be guided to change some aspects of their personalities. Here is how I suggest about pessimism, I hope they will be of some use to pessimists.Y ou should gradually build up your self-confidence in life. Everyone is likely to lose in life. Think about the bright side of things. Don’t let disappointment block your way to normal life. Misfortune is part of life which is hard to avoid, so you should face up to it.Y our way of thinking should be changed. Failure is the mother of success. Try to think in a different way, and think as optimists do, then there will be a shiny sky over you.Anyway, you should realize that pessimism is harmful to you and to your family and society as well. Try your best to get rid of it, then you are sure to be a winner in life!Sample 2:My Advice to PessimistsIt is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure, while optimism usually brings happiness, good health and success. Pessimists also make those around them very miserable. Therefore, pessimists should change their way of thinking and overcome the negative aspects of their personalities. Here are a few tips for them:1. Try to smile more often. A smile has great power. It can chase sadness away. It will make you and other people feel happy. And it may even make things easier and better. Smiling in the morning makes a good beginning for the day. A smile is the most important sign of optimism.2. Build up your self-confidence. Try to discover as many of your personal strengths as you can. Then write them all down. Read them several times when you are getting ready to do something or when you facing difficulties. Y our list will help you see your abilities.3. Change your way of thinking. Don’t always think that things will go wrong or that if they do there will be terrible results. Instead, convince yourself that things will improve and that you can work hard to help improve them. If you fail, think about what you have learned from the failure. If you succeed, praise yourself. Don’t be too modest! There is nothing more encouraging than self-praise.Try your best to become an optimist.Unit 2 Myths and LegendsConnectors （连接词，过渡语）Time and place:after, before, during, later, on, meanwhile, next, first, second, earlier, immediately, soon, still, when, while, as, where, thenComparison & Contrast:as…as, similarly, likewise, but, not so…as, on the other hand, on the contrar y, in contrast, rather thanAddition:in addition to, furthermore, moreover, too, alsoCause and effect（因果）:because (of), due to (the fact that), as a result, therefore, accordingly, so, consequently, thus, hence, since, as, owing toPurpose:so that, in order to/that, so as toCondition & Concession(条件，让步)if, despite, although, though, even though, in spite of, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, yet, all the same Summary & Statement(总结，陈述)in short, in a word, in brief, in conclusion, on the whole, generally, altogether, in all, in the final analysis, in other words, finallyOthers:not only…but also, (n) either…(n) or, so…that, such…that, so…as toUnit 3 Social ProblemsDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: An Analysis of the Social Crimes in City A. Study the following table carefully and base your passage on the information given below in Chinese. Y ou should write at least 120 words.下表是A市从2003年到2005年各种社会犯罪案件的情况统计。
writing Samples
Wonderful Sentences Written By Students Appreciate the following wonderful sentences written by students!
We were swamped under wave after wave of homework and lessons in the middle school. selfOn the contrary, self-reliance is one of the basic qualities you should have in college. Because life in the university and that in senior middle school are so different that I found it hard to blend in at first. We are supposed to concentrate on improving ourselves for the sake of our bright future.
When it comes to college life, student enjoy a selflife. thing, self-contained life. For one thing, more books available. and information are available. Also, they have access to various opportunities to improve addition, themselves. In addition, there are more ways to spend their leisure time in the college in contrast with those in the middle school. Aside from that, students must take on the responsibility for their own action. They must learn to make decisions on their own and depend on themselves to make an appropriate schedule for study and relaxation. What’s more, more, a special quality of resisting the temptation to get addicted to computer games onand on-line chatting come as another necessary quality.
人物writing
Sentence patterns:
• Main experiences and achievements
• ……..devote oneself to sth./doing sth
• •
•
致力于某事 对….做出巨大贡献
决心做……
• ……make great contributions to……. • make up one's mind/be determined to do
• go abroad for further studies
• 出国深造
2. 当他19岁时，他进入大学，后来，在1940年 拿到法律学位。 When he was 19, he was admitted into the university and then he got the degree of law in 1940.
on December, 11, 1911. In 1934, he graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and a year later he went to America for futher study. 2: Hard • He finally came back toParagraph China, his motherland, in 1955 after five-year struggle. work Afterand returning success to China, he devoted himself to the research of the missle and made Paragraph great contributions to Chinese higher education. 3:His good • From myqualities point ofand view, he is a man who concentrates on theYour scientific research. I think he is a really great opinion scientist.
IELTS WRITING SAMPLES雅思写作范文
The positive and the negative sides of globalization第一篇：the world has become integrated economically, socially, politically and culturally through thecrucial can easily be spread as the mode transportation is easier and faster in today's advance society. This is evidenced in the recent bird's flu disease which has infected most Asian countries over a short time frame. As l arge corporations invest or take over many off shore businesses, a modern form of colonization will also evolve which may pose certain power pressure on the local governments of the less developed countries. Unemployment rates in the more developed regions like Europe may also escalate as corporations choose to outsource cheaper work force from Asian countries.In conclusion, globalization is inevitable and we must urge individuals, companies and governments to use a more balanced approach by taking appropriate steps to deal with matters relating to the financial or economical gains verses the social, political or ecological concerns of the world好：1. 跨越领土障碍，公司变得有效率，提高生活质量2. 跨国公司充分利用发展中国家的廉价劳动力，入注资源救助不好：1. 更易于传染流行病。
什么是Writing Sample
什么是Writing Sample发表日期: 2011-02-11 11:29收藏阅读(2249)回复(0)关于米国申请中需要的writing sample,首先说一下他指的是什么，根据一些院校网站上的要求是sample of your academic written works，说泛一点，可以是你写过的任何一篇（或数篇，根据要求）学术论文。
偶在和自己申请08fall的同学聊到WS写什么东西的时候，给他列了几个选择，也是给大家的一些建议：第一类，中文期刊、学位论文的翻译就是将你在中文论文进行翻译，要注意翻译时专业词汇的选择和格式的统一，关于格式最后再仔细谈。
如果是对国内硕士论文的翻译，那就得考虑学校关于字数的限制了，全文翻译可能就超出了限制，所以得选择章节，而且能够概括。
第二类，英文期刊、会议论文，英文专业本硕毕业论文，海外兵团的课程论文和学位论文有牛人在英文国际期刊发表了，那敢情好直接作为你的sample；会议论文得将你的presentation转换为report了；英文专业的本科硕士毕业论文是英文的，可以直接用，但建议进一步修改和完善；越来越多的海外兵团出现，对于这个群体，可以使用自己很满意得分高也与自己申请专业有关的课程论文作为你的sample,因为毕竟经过鬼子的评价，根据评价做调整，同样海外硕士MA THESIS也可以选择chapter作为申请材料的一部分，套磁阶段可以将MA THESIS 的电子版发给老师看，如果是相同领域。
第三类，拼了老命从零开始写的那类这一类应该是针对大多数吧，从零开始对于各位也有两种选择，一种是literature + reflection of one's own experience and practice+implications, 这类呢就是从理论出发谈某一方面并结合自己实际，批判分析，得出建议；另一类就是develop a research proposal, 个人觉得比较prefer这种，教授比较想看到研究计划，因为通过研究计划就能了解你的研究设计和方向，你的理论能力分析能力，我个人也是非常赞同这样的说法，一个好的研究计划对于文科生比你套磁套几百封都来得有用，我所知道的欧洲，香港，新加坡在研究性学位（MPhil/PhD）的申请没有需要'WS',直接点名要proposal，这代表你未来学习的方向，对于米国，也许他们的ws就是proposal吧。
英国论文中Writing Sample写作解析
英国论文中Writing Sample写作解析W r i t i n g S a m p l e是申请国外大学材料的一种，其作用就是为了证明申请者的学术能力。
相比于其他条件，招生官可能会更看重学生的学术能力，因为这是留学生最薄弱的地方。
那么W r i t i n g S a m p l e该怎么写呢？下面就给大家讲解一下。
Writing Sample考察什么1、英文表达能力C o m m u n i c a t i o n类专业对英文的听说读写能力都有较高的要求。
尤其美国新闻传媒专业上课的方式往往过于交互性(i n t e r a c t i v e)，提倡学生与学生之间，学生与教授之间在课堂、讨论和s e m i n a r中积极得配合，所以没有十分流利的英语，学生是很难融入课堂讨论中的。
所以，英文不好还c o m m u n i c a t e个啥？2、思维水平如何布局，搭建结构，阐述观点也是展现思维能力和思维水平的重要标志。
3、专业素养美国大学的申请并非像中国只看分数，而是看学生通过整体申请材料展现自己的能力。
P S如此、推荐信如此，W r i t i n g S a m p l e也是如此。
W r i t i n g S a m p l e一般都要求和研究方向一致，即使不一致也要相关，因为要考虑到和学校的项目设置进行一个m a t c h。
如果你在P S中已经提及了你的研究方向，那么在W r i t i n g S a m p l e中也要进行相关的展开来进行支持。
不同的P r o g r a m对W r i t i n g S a m p l e会有不同的要求。
新闻专业的申请者是要写新闻稿的，P h D会要求写re s e a r c h p r o p o s a l。
普通的实践类的m a s t e r，通常没有特殊要求。
但还是回到上面说的第三点，既然要写，为什么不写能体现自己专业素养的内容呢？1、选题选题是基础，学校要求往往会与专业方向有关，引述U S C-C o m m u n i c a t i o n M a n a g e m e n t对W r i t i n g S a m p l e的要求：T h e w r i t i n g m a y t a k e v a r i o u s f o r m s:a r e p o r t f o r y o u ro r g a n i z a t i o n,p r e s s r e l e a s e s f o r c l i e n t s,n e w s a r t i c l e s,a s e t o f s u b s t a n t i a l m e m o s t o y o u r s u p e r i o r s s u c c e s s f u l l y a r g u i n g f o r a p a r t i c u l a r p o s i t i o n,o r a n a c a d e m i c p a p e r f o r a c o l l e g e o ru n i v e r s i t y c o u r s e.T h e w r i t i n g s a m p l e s h o u l d n o t e x c e e d10p a g e s.如果W r i t i n g S a m p l e不直接反映研究的方向，至少也是相关的，如果你选择了某个题目，而该题目和学校的方向设置相差很远的话，在审核材料的时估计会有保留意见；另一方面，如果已经在P S里明确了自己的研究方向，最好能有一个这个方向的W r i t i n g S a m p l e支持。
Writing Samples 大学英语作文
Writing Sample:W orking as A Civil ServantThe last decade has seen a remarkable growth in the number of college students who enter for the qualification test for civil servants. A recent survey reveals that the growing number is strikingly high with over double every year. This essay is to discuss why students strive to join the ranks of civil servants and offer my view on this fever.The factors for this fever are complex. First, the post for a civil servant is comparatively securer than working in a company. A government employee may stay in the job for life, free of the fear of being laid off, and enjoy a carefree retired life. Besides, the pay and benefits are very satisfactory. This is vital in a society where bucks are still closely associated w ith a better life. Most important of all, it offers appealing prospects of personal advancement and promotion.It is a healthy trend for young graduates to take civil servant jobs. Anyway, everyone has his own ideal and ambition. However, as far as I’m c oncerned, I will choose to work with a business or corporation, for I feel my personality renders me more qualified for a non-government organization. I can’t stand inefficiency and I welcome challenge and variety.Writing Sample:That some college students at university hire cleaners to do laundry and cleaning has led to a heated debate. Some people advocate and support the idea and the practice. In their eyes, hiring cleaners to keep the dorms clean can help students save time, which they can spend on their studies.Others, however, argue that hiring cleaners could help students save time and devote to their studies is merely a pretext. Usually, those students who claim they are too busy to clean their own dorms are most often found preoccupied with playing computer games or shopping. They refuse to do manual labor because they tend to regard themselves as elites once they succeed in entering a college.Personally, I think college students shouldn’t hire cleaners. In performing the cleaning himself/herself, college students learn to share the responsibility for managing a public space of which one is a part. And by doing so, the students also show respect for the common welfare of the entire dorm. Cleaning one’s own dorm is a necessary process whereby one becomes a responsible person.Writing：On AdversityNo one will fail to notice the fact that everyone meets setbacks and frustrations in life, and each tries hard to avoid them, only to find that they’re just like your own shadow accompanying you all your lives. The truth is, adversity can exert great influence on you, depending on how you cope with it.When confronted by adversity, different people make different response. Some people consider it a stumbling block on the road to success, and get depressed and even sink into despair; others consider it the stairway to great accomplishments and try to overcome it with constant struggle. The latter, therefore, will recognize their disadvantages from their temporary defeat, draw lessons from it, and grow stronger each time they have coped with a difficulty.In my opinion, adversity often leads to prosperity. Painful and depressing as it is, overcoming adversity endows us with great confidence that is crucial to achieve success. Great people are not born successful, they are great only because they have tempered their personality and remedied their deficiencies through experiencing countless adversity and defeat, which is actually a goddess of blessings in disguise.WritingThe period 1995-2005 witnessed a remarkable increase in the number of students who study abroad in City X. As can be seen from the chart, in 1990, only about 10000 students in this city pursued their further study overseas while in 2000 this figure quickly rose to 40000. In 2010, however, the number of overseas students surged to over 120000, which is over 10 times as many as that of 1990.The increase in the number of students who study abroad can be accounted for by a couple of factors. First, along with social and economy progress, the living standard of the Chinese people has been greatly enhanced, so they have enough money to send their children to study abroad. Meanwhile, more and more young people want to broaden their vision by exposing themselves to foreign professors and experiencing exotic cultures.Overseas study has a profound effect on both individuals and society. It can widen our people’s horizons, promote friendship between people with different cultures, boost our social economy and make our society more prosperous and dynamic. All in all, i t’s good for our nation’s progress.1. 当今社会鼓励大学生自主创业2. 自主创业的益处和可能遇到的挑战3. 我对自主创业的看法college graduatesbe exposed to/ faced with fierce competition in job market on graduationIt is advisable to/ they are encouraged to do their own businesslessen the pressure of employmentcreate job opportunitiesget work experience, vital for better survival in future lifebe your own boss without worrying about being laid offenjoy secure and fear-free life.have to raise or loan enough money before starting businesslearn how to run your company properly as a green handworry about financial condition such as the cost of operation and the profits of the products be faced with the risk of bankruptcyIt is true that …but on balance… since…involve risk/ uncertainty, an exciting idea,advantages outweigh disadvantagesAs for me…I prefer a life of comfort and peacea life of adventures/ challengeThe merits and Demerits of Cars1. the merits2. the demerits3. my opinion▪Nowadays, we have witnessed and realized that we can hardly live without cars with the development of vehicles.▪There is no consensus of opinion among people as to the view of owning cars.▪Some people claim that the increasing number of cars is a clear sign that we are usheringa trend in the modern time.▪People who are for the development of cars argue that it is one of the most lucrative industries in the world.▪And obviously, it is convenient to travel by cars and the using of cars shortens the distance of different areas.▪It is incontestable that the generation of cars actually have made our life convenient.▪▪However, people from different background would put different interpretations on the same case.▪But others proclaim oppositely.▪When we are addicted in the merits of cars, the demerits are being more and more instinct too.▪More and more people have realized the harmful effect of pollution, which is a simultaneous product of industrial revolution. And, cars, the symbol of modern life, contaminate our environment so much.▪In addition, the traffic jams and accidents are threatening our life day and night.▪▪In my way of thinking both of the two views contain some elements of truth.▪From my perspective, I would say the advantages overweigh the disadvantages.▪The development of cars should not be wholly blamed for the pollution of environment.▪The government should take effective measures and make a environment-friendly plan so that we all can enjoy the result of the prosperity of economy and a harmonious life as well.知识还是创造力重要1.有人认为知识重要2.有人认为创造力重要3.我的观点Which should be emphasized: knowledge or creativity?Knowledge or creativity, which is primary? So many people have asked the question.According to a recently survey, mere 55% parents think essential knowledge is more important for their children. They point that knowledge is the basic of everything, without which it’s utterly impossible to develop one’s creativity. Besides that, the relationship of knowledge and creativity is input and output. Last but not least, focusing on the basic will make you patient, make you dig out the essential part of things.But opposed to the parents, 85% educators are for that creativity play a vital role in the socialization of children. Frankly, I agree with them more. The fact that we face demand us to emphasize the creativity. Date back to the past, our ancestors made many wonderful achievements. They discovered some math theories hundreds years before western scientists. The reason why we lag behind today lies in we lack of the creativity today. In schools, students are stuffed with piles of knowledge under the pressure of fierce competition. Many young people lose their chances to enter college just because of one early failure in a stupid examination. But practically speaking, how can they show their true abilities?Creativity is the key to a brighter future. Fortunately we have learned the point, and many workable reforms are being carried out. In most schools, students are actively involved in the class activities. For sake of the Chinese children, Creativity is in need.To Get along with Y our RoommateRoommate conflicts among college students are often heard on campus over recent years. Study shows that roommate conflicts make the excitement of campus life grow grey and affect students’ daily life as well as their academic learning.It is often the case that many of these conflicts spring from trivial things such as the time when to turn off the light and space where to store their luggage or personal belongings. When personalities don’t mix, the specifics can tear roommates apart and sometimes even lead to serious conflicts.Roommate conflicts are harmful and need to be settled. Though many people think that school discipline can soften the conflicts, it is my personal view that learning to be tolerant with each other can play a more constructive role because it teaches students flexibility and the art of compromise. Besides, communication contributes to the solution to this problem since many of these conflicts stem from misunderstanding.How Do I Manage My Money?One of the challenges facing college students when they enter college is how to manage their money. Although there are many different attitudes towards money management, I have my own way in doing so.To be money wise, first of all, is to focus on the supply of my money. Aside from the limited living allowances from my parents, I sometimes do part-time jobs as ahome tutor in my spare time to make up the difference. Occasionally, I can win the scholarship to supplement my income by hard work.To be self-denial on daily expenses is another way to manage my money. As a saying goes,“A penny saved, a penny gained.” So I never buy extravagant products for I know making money is not a piece of cake.The best way to manage my money is to make a budget. I spend 500 yuan on food, 150 yuan on entertainment or study materials, 50 yuan on phone bills and another 100 yuan as a bank deposit in case of rainy days. I am never running out of money and I can always make ends meet.Dear Editor,I am writing this letter to put forward a proposal for learning to say sorry or thank you on our campus life, which, I believe, is part of good manners to our students. (purpose of writing the letter---thesis statement)Good manners are important to our life and students who are nice and gentle to each other make the school lif e more comfortable and nicer to live. (importance of good manners---正面论述positive support) But sometimes I feel some of us have got away from it. Too often I see people who have disturbed others never say sorry. Never say thank you when others do something for them. W e get lazy and in our laziness w e think something such as sorry or thank you does not really matte r but it can matter very much. (反面论述negative support) (evidence to support the thesis statement---facts) Therefore, I call on all the students to attach importance to good manners and learn to say sorry or thank you in our daily life. (appeal of the writer)A New Movie TheatreEntertainment is an important part of everyone’s life. We all need to take time to relax insgroupsto live healthy lives and do our work efficiently. It is easier to relax when an appropriate form of entertainment is convenient and close by. Therefore, I would support a proposal to build a new movie theater in my neighborhood.Entertainment places can bring some disadvantages to a community such as increased traffic and noise, but I believe the advantages of a new movie theater would outweigh these concerns. For one thing, the people in my neighborhood would save time. When they wanted to see a movie they could simply walk to the new theater rather than spend time traveling by bus or car. In addition, it would be safer for children to visit a nearby movie theater rather than one in some other part of the city. And finally, a new theater might attract other businesses, such as restaurants and coffee shops, where the people of my neighborhood could go to relax.In short, a new movie theater in the neighborhood would increase the number of entertainment options for the residents. They could enjoy themselves more easily without spending a lot of time traveling to another part of the city. For these reasons I would support the building of a movie theater in my neighborhood.。
writing sample范文
writing sample范文英文回答：Language learning has been a passion of mine since I was a child. I have always been fascinated by different cultures and the way that language shapes our thoughts and experiences. As a native English speaker, I have had the privilege of learning several other languages throughout my life, including Spanish, French, Mandarin, and Japanese.Learning languages has opened up a whole new world for me. It has allowed me to connect with people from all over the globe, to learn about their cultures, and to gain a deeper understanding of my own. Through language, I have been able to experience the world from different perspectives and to see the beauty and diversity of human expression.One of the most rewarding aspects of learning languages is the ability to communicate with people from differentbackgrounds. When I travel to a new country, I love to immerse myself in the local language and culture. It is such a rewarding feeling to be able to connect with the people I meet and to learn about their lives.Learning languages has also had a profound impact on my professional life. As a journalist, I have been able to use my language skills to report on stories from around the world. I have interviewed people from all walks of life, and I have been able to share their stories with a global audience.In addition to the practical benefits of learning languages, I have also found that it has made me a more open-minded and tolerant person. By learning about other cultures and perspectives, I have come to appreciate the diversity of human experience. I believe that language learning is one of the most valuable and rewarding things that a person can do. It is a journey that will continuefor the rest of my life.中文回答：从小时候起，学习语言就是我的热情所在。
writing sample 写作范本
writing sample 写作范本
以下是一篇写作范本，供您参考：
标题：如何提高英语口语能力
英语口语能力是现代社会中非常重要的技能之一。
无论是在工作、学习还是生活中，能够流利地使用英语进行交流都能够带来很多好处。
然而，对于很多英语学习者来说，提高口语能力却是一项挑战。
那么，如何才能有效地提高英语口语能力呢？
首先，多听多说是提高口语能力的关键。
要想说出一口流利的英语，必须先多听英语音频、多看英语视频，让自己沉浸在英语环境中。
同时，也要勇敢地开口说英语，多与外国人交流，参加英语角等活动，锻炼自己的口语表达能力。
其次，注重语音语调的训练也是非常重要的。
正确的语音语调能够让自己的英语更加地道，更易于被他人理解。
可以通过模仿英语母语者的发音、语调，以及练习一些语音练习来提高自己的语音语调水平。
此外，掌握常用的口语表达方式和句型也非常重要。
一些常用的表达方式和句型可以让自己的英语更加自然流畅，更易于与他人交流。
可以通过阅读英语口语书籍、学习英语口语课程等方式来积累常用的表达方式和句型。
最后，坚持练习也是提高口语能力的关键。
要想学好英语口语，必须要有耐心和毅力，坚持不断地练习。
可以通过每天朗读、背诵、对话等方式来保持练习，提高自己的口语能力。
总之，提高英语口语能力需要多方面的努力和实践。
只有通过不断地练习和积累经验，才能够真正地掌握好英语口语。
希望以上几点建议能够帮助您提高英语口语能力。
writing samples for all
Mr. Browne presented a request from the secretarial staff for new typewriters. Several secretaries have complained of major and frequent breakdowns of their old machines. Ms. Franklin and Mr. Browne are to further investigate the need for new typewriters and prepare a cost comparison of new equipment versus repairs.
The committee will discuss the advisability of upgrading account executives’ personal computers. The report will be presented by Sheila Glun at the next meeting, to be held on October 15, 2008, at 11 a.m. in the conference room.
The weekly meeting of the Improvements Committee of the Foster Lash Company was called to order at 11 a.m. in the conference room by Ms. Stuart. The minutes of the meeting of October 1 were read by Mr. Negron and approved.
writing sample sample
Needs Analysis: An Innovation in the Language Classroom in China1. INTRODUCTIONTeaching primary students in an EFL context, the differential language proficiency levels of students has been one of the obstacles I came across when planning teaching. This essay opens with an introduction of needs analysis as an innovative solution to tackle the difficulty in syllabus designing as well as lesson planning[1] in my own context. The following part presents how to exploit needs analysis. The procedures of implementation then lead to the investigation of the rationale of needs analysis. The final part outlines the implication as well as suggestions of exploiting needs analysis in the pedagogical field in my teaching context.2. OUTLINE OF THE USE OF NEEDS ANALYSISIn this section, explanation of why needs analysis might be an appropriate solution to the difficulties I encountered in course designing will be specified. How to exploit and implement needs analysis will then be illustrated as well.As mentioned, teaching primary students English as a foreign language, one of the major difficulties I encountered is how to manage the various discrepant proficiency levels of students within one class and meanwhile, remaining teaching within the scope of the assigned textbooks. In addition to issues related to language proficiency and learning objectives, how to maintain motivation of young learners’ in the learning process is also my concern when planning teaching. Searching for solutions to these wonders, I realize the answer to the neutral balance among national curriculum, proficiency level and motivation of learners may very likely lie in the learners themselves. Therefore, I resort to needs analysis as a way to elicit the individual opinions about English learning from my students in order to make adjustment to the teaching as well as learning pattern we currently have. As Stern (1992) suggests, needs analysis of language enables the language course to meet ‘the needs of groups of students working in various countries at different levels o f proficiency and with a variety of objectives in mind’ (p.43), and this is the reason I would like to introduce needs analysis to my students and also what I expect to bring in to the course design.To outline suitable procedures of implementing needs analysis in my teaching context, here, I make reference to Tarone and Yule (1989), Linse (1993,cited in Richards 2001), Richards (2001) ,Nunan and Lamb (2001) as well as my own teaching experience to specify how needs analysis might work to provide information to the course design process.As can be seen in Chart 1(please refer to Appendix A), the starting point of needs analysis is to decide the purpose of the analysis (e.g. to compile the profile of language groups in class; to find out the students’ language use in daily life; to discover students’ interests in topics). Then the consequential important step is to identify the potential needs from students. In this essay, I adopt Brindley’s (1984, cited in Nunan 1988) viewpoint of ‘subjective needs’ and ‘objective needs’ to categorize learners’ needs, which defines ‘subjective needs’ as ‘wants, desires, expectations or other psychological manifestation’ of learners while ‘objective needs’ as ‘those can be diagnosed by teachers on the basis of the analysis of personal data about the learners along with informationabout their language proficiency and patterns of language use’ (p.44). After these two sources of needs are identified, the instruments used to elicit learners’ opinions of their needs can be chos en. The following pilot study of the instrument is crucial, because of the age factor of my students (most of them aged from eight to ten), this step could be very influential to whether students can comprehend as well as express their opinions in the elicitation process successfully. Once the data is collected, the teacher needs to interpret the data based on considerations of elicited information, the national curriculum, and the teaching objectives on the core textbooks…etc. Then the more neutral teaching objectives, which reflect the needs of learners and the needs of language knowledge or skills that are crucial for their learning, can be reached. What goes on next is the adjustments made to teaching materials (especially when designing the whole-term syllabus) and the arrangement and analysis of specific tasks. By using the general analysis model from Tarone and Y ule (1989), teachers can be oriented in designing the specific knowledge, skills or function of target language features; meanwhile they can examine whether the task reflects the needs from learners as well. If it does, then the teachers can move on to the instruction phase. The last step in the analysis is the assessment phase, which would not only give feedback to both learners and teachers but may also become the new starting point of another needs analysis potentially.3. RATIONALE OF NEEDS ANALYSIS: FROM DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE OF LEARNING TO DIFFERENT APPROACHES AND FOCIIn this section, the main concepts that bolster needs analysis will be unfolded with reference to literature and my own teaching context.As mentioned in the previous section, to identify the needs from learners is the keystone in needs analysis. The two categories of needs –‘subjective needs’ and ‘objective needs’ arise from the two orientations of needs analysis, which is the ‘product-oriented’ and the ‘process-oriented’ implementation of needs analysis (Brindley, 1989). In ‘product-oriented’ analysis, to discover the discrepancy between the current and anticipated proficiency level of learners’ and to set the beginning and ending points of achievement are the target aims of the analysis. Therefore, the descriptions of learners’ needs are based on their future use of the target language. However, in the ‘process-ori ented’ analysis, learners are viewed as individuals in the learning process. Hence, individual factors of learners such as motivation, expectations and learning styles are concerned. With different orientations of needs analysis, it results in the different approaches, which are the ‘language proficiency orientation’, the ‘psychological /humanistic orientation’ and the ‘specific orientation’ (Brindley, 1989)[2]. Table 1(please refer to Appendix B) outlines some salient characteristics in terms of the view of learners, needs, emphasis and educational rationale of these three approaches. In Table 1, it can be seen that the function of these three approaches is mainly to categorize or to group learners based on different perspectives of needs. Nunan and Lamb(2001) also indicate that needs analysis can be used to enhance teaching planning: ‘the grouping function (of needs analysis) facilitates the specification of content and learning procedures that are consonant with some aspect of the learner data that has been gathered’ (p.39).With consideration to what kind of approach to exploit in my context, the issue links back to what sort of needs to be emphasized. In China, English teachers are required to use textbooks which arewritten according to the national curriculum guidelines. Hence, with the preordained structure of curriculum and with the attention to lear ners’ expectations, an eclectic way, which is close to what Brindley (1989) deposits, of conducting needs analysis in my own context would be using the objective needs as the basis and then modify the syllabus with subjective needs. In this way, in the course designing process, objective needs can be a start point to guide the teachers and also as a way to ensure the development of proficiency level will be catered. Then the individual factors related to learners can be draw into consideration as the criteria to adjust the textbook materials and language use.Another underlying issue for implementing needs analysis is whether needs analysis can be suitable for general English classes. Despite needs analysis for language originated mainly from ESP (English for Specific Purpose) courses; several researchers (Tarone & Yule 1989; Seedhouse 1995; Richards 2001) do see the importance of exploiting needs analysis in general language classes. Because by using needs analysis, learners are involved in their learning actively. As Nunan (1988) indicates, the involvement of learners is their rights in the learning process. Regarded within my own context, primary students in China are neither learning English for specific purposes (English is a compulsory subject) nor are required to pass language tests like high school students do. But this does not mean they should be deprived of the right to participate cooperatively with the teachers in deciding what to learn. As Richards (1990) has pointed out ‘needs analysis is also fundamental to the planning of general English courses’ (p.2). I believe that the purpose of needs analysis of enabling the teacher to ‘translate these needs into linguistic and pedagogical terms in order to teach an effective course’ (Mackey 1978) in ESP courses would function as well in the general language class.To sum up, by reviewing literature and reflecting on my own teaching, the rationale underpins needs analysis is the consideration and respect of differences within individuals as well as the teaching/learning processes. From this perspective, needs analysis brings flexibility to the teaching/learning process and might very well enhance the possibility of reaching a more neutral balance among learners, teachers, curriculum, and language.4. IMPLICATION ON PEDAGOGYIn this section, the implication of exploiting needs analysis in my teaching context will be addressed in terms of the roles that learners and teachers play in the implementing process.4.1 Pre-application phaseAs mentioned in the previous section, needs analysis could have the potential to engage learners to participate learning more actively due to their involving in the process of deciding what to learn. In addition to course design, needs analysis also facilitates a channel for individual differences to be noticed and catered. However, in my context, students are encouraged to be homogeneous rather than heterogeneous, which is for the convenience of the long-used teacher-centered teaching. Up to the present time, most of the language classrooms in China remain in a teacher-fronted, textbook-dominant teaching. Regarding the roles that learners play in the needs analysis process, Graves (2001) urges for a considerate preparation for learners before implementing. Therefore, when introducing needs analysis to learners in my context, there should be a certain period of time to provide learners strategies to be autonomous in learning, which may enhance their awareness ofthe responsibility they need to take in the needs analysis process. To achieve this, as Hedge (2000) suggests, activities which can assist learners to ‘reflect on learning’ (e.g. self-evaluating or peer-evaluating tasks such as providing feedback); equip them ‘with strategies’ to take part in learning actively (e.g. training strategies needed in learning tasks, such as cognitive or metacognitive strategies); encourage them ‘to monitor and check their progress’ (e.g. self-assessment) need to be provided for facilitating learning autonomy. With these autonomy-facilitating tasks, scaffoldings can be furnished in order to reduce the potential sense of threat or insecurity resulted from the shift from the more teacher-centered approach to the more learner-centered one and can provide learners with the sufficient skills to participate and accomplish needs analysis.4.2 Application phaseWhen applying needs analysis into the syllabus designing or lesson planning in the classroom, teachers need to be alert constantly in the process, in particular when making decisions about changing the current teaching/learning patterns. One reason is because the potential problem lies in needs analysis is the remaining controversy of the definition of ‘needs’ (Brindley 1989, Richards 2001). As Young (2000) has mentioned the ‘there remains considerable ambiguity and potential conflict in the identification and definition of these needs’ (p.73). This may lead to another issue of how to interpret the information collected from learners. Richards (2001) recommends using ‘triangulation approach’ to keep a more neutral perspective on the interpretation of the data.Another issue related to the implementation of needs analysis is the negotiation of between the roles of teachers and students. Both Brindley (1989) and Finney (2002) have specified the process of needs analysis as a process of negotiation between teachers and students in order to reach the ‘teacher-learner negotiated learning objectives’. As a teacher who is accustomed to the teacher-fronted teaching, I do see the importance of teacher-training with regard to the more learner-centered approach.Last but not least, considering the materials and actual tasks being taught after needs analysis is done, I think the instruction process is as crucial as the forming process of ‘teacher-learner negotiated learning objectives’. When applying innovations into the language classroom, what teachers need to bare in mind is that before catering needs at higher levels of performance, those basic ones should be catered first (Waters and Vilches 2001). If the basic skills can be performed by the learners (e.g. learners can use language to express their own opinions), then it is more likely to encourage them to move on to the higher level (e.g. they can express their needs).5. CONCLUSIONIn this essay, needs analysis is introduced as a way to tackle the difficulty I encountered when managing course design for learners with different proficiency levels. By the implementation of needs analysis, the curriculum structure and teaching/learning patterns can have greater flexibility which allows both teachers’ and learners’ voices to be included in the process. It is this flexibility needs analysis brings to the language curriculum that propels me to adopt it in my teaching context. With careful implementation, I do expect needs analysis to have the potential to facilitatea more effective language course as Richards (1984) suggests.designing: syllabus design and lesson planning. In the macro level, syllabus design refers to ‘the selected and organized content (areas of knowledge and particular skills and abilities) appropriate to the particular aims of a course’ (Cater & Nunan 2001) whereas lesson planning refers to the specific task designing to implement the syllabus in the micro level. ‘Course designing’ will be used to include the both levels in teaching designing./humanistic orientation’ and the ‘specific orientation’, in his article (Brindley, 1989), the three categories are summarized as the teachers’ approaches to needs analysis. In ad dition, for the title of a comparison table of the approaches in the same article, Brindley names the title as ‘comparison of approaches to need analysis’ (ibid.:67). Therefore, I would use these three categories as ‘approaches’ instead of ‘orientations’.。
美国留学生Writing Sample申请材料怎么写
美国留学生Writing Sample申请材料怎么写很多学生会选择去美国留学，那么美国留学生申请材料怎么写呢?下面和一起来看看吧!欢迎阅读。
美国留学生Writing Sample申请材料怎么写首先，Writing Sample是什么?Writing Sample是文科申请的一些专业必备的申请材料，几乎相当于一篇英文学术论文。
Writing Sample主要考察申请人的思考能力，学术能力以及英文写作水平。
录取委员会的老师们会根据writing sample 筛选出符合他们要求的申请者。
其次，在申请过程当中，需要提交writing sample的专业包括哪些呢?主要分为以下几类：传媒类，比如申请传播学专业，公共关系专业，新闻专业;教育类，比如申请对外英语教学专业，教育政策专业，学习与教学等专业;人文社科类，比如申请社会学专业，东亚文化研究专业，国际关系专业，政治学专业，历史学专业，艺术史专业，人类学专业以及考古学专业等。
如果你选择申请这些专业，要提前查好学校对于writing sample的具体要求，以便有针对性地进行准备。
在了解了哪些专业需要提交writing sample之后，在准备这篇申请材料的时候，我们还需要注意哪些问题呢?主要有以下几点：第一，写作内容要求：writing sample所选主题建议与所申请专业保持一致;可以是之前自己写过的中文学术论文翻译过来，也可以重新写一篇英文学术论文;第二，长度要求：通常到10到20页不等;第三，写作语言：因为ws是一篇学术性论文，所以要使用专业性词汇，尽量使用书面语、少用口语化的语言;第四，提交方式：有的学校在网申系统里提供Writing Sample的提交功能，有些则没有。
对于不能在网申中上传的学校，就需要申请者将Writing Sample打印装订，然后寄送给学校。
装订时注意页码顺序。
建议给你的Writing Sample做个封面，封面上注明自己的姓名、申请专业等个人信息，如果这个时候已经有了网申的ID，也尽量标注清楚，以便学校在收到你的Writing Sample之后能够利用这些个人信息，迅速的将其加入您的申请材料中。
Writing Samples 写作范文(背诵)
2003 65 28 67 16 24 70 20 290
2004 54 34 66 20 27 73 21 2952005 64 38 6 27 32 71 19 319
Sample from a Student
An Analysis of the Social Crimes in City A As is shown in the table, the total number of the crimes committed in City A increases rapidly from 290 in 2003 to 319 in 2005. In particular, there is a sharp rise in robbery (28 in 2003, and 38 in 2005), breaking into homes (16 in 2003, and 27 in 2005)and theft of a motor vehicle (24 in 2003, 27 in 2004, and 32 in 2005). Although there is a fall of serious assault and vandalism, the decrease is slight (65-64,20-19 ) and the absolute number is big. There are several factors contributing to this consequence. First of all, our government doesn’t pay enough attention to the situation of social security and some policemen don’t fulfill their duty. Secondly, without much safety awareness, many people, especially, young lady like to walk in a dark street at night alone and many people often leave their door unlocked when they go out or their window open at night, which undoubtedly are great temptation to thieves and burglars. Last but not least, with the development of society, the gap between the rich and the
WRITING SAMPLES(ENGLISH MAJOR)
SECTION A COMPOSITIONThe Students’ Union of your university is planning to hole an arts festival next semester, and they are inviting students to contribute their ideas and suggestions as to how it should be organized or what should be included. Write on answer sheet two a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: My Idea of a University Arts FestivalSample 1I have just heard that the Students’ Union of our university will hold an arts festival next semester. As a student, I hope it will be a great success. Considering the arts festival held in the past and they are approximately the same, I recommend that for the coming arts festival of ours, creativity be a key word.To begin with, we can start the festival with an evening party. Of course, it will not be a common party. Rather, we can invite some students with special talent to give performances while some other students to act as judges. The student-featured evening party will likely attract a large enthusiastic student audience. Meanwhile, teachers’presence will also be expected to enhance student-teacher interaction. From their participation the students can find a new role in themselves. In addition, we can launch some programs that serve to enrich the students’knowledge of art, such as arts lectures and exhibitions. In this way, we can attach some new meaning to the arts festival; that is, our purpose of having an arts festival will not be confined to entertainment but go as far as educating the students. Particularly with the exhibits, the arts festival will have a more enduring effect than ordinary festivals.All in all, it is my hope that the arts festival will be held creatively. I look forward to its coming and having a goof time then.Sample 2I have present for the past two Arts Festivals. They were both held successfully with wonderful items. However, as a common member of college students, I have my own idea about it.My idea is based on the requirements of modern society. First it should involve some operas or stage plays which are wrote and performed by themselves. Compared with the passed solos, they can benefit to us college students more. It develops our sense of cooperation. And from editing the plays, we use our brains to create and it improves our imaginary power. At the same time, these operas or stage plays give us new feeling and attract the audience. Second, it should involve some arts works that are collected by students themselves. It shows personal interests and encourage the others to develop themselves according to their own interests. And when the audience see and enjoy the arts works, they get a shock inside. Third, it should involve some games. As traditional items, they have their own advantages. They can explore our potentiality. And also they can make the atmosphere active.In a word, I think it is better to include some new items on the ground of social needs.Sample 3There is someone told me that our students’ union will hold a arts Festival next semester. In last year, we had seen an art festival. It isn’t very interesting. So I have some ideas. Art party can held. Student like party. Only don’t several people. Arts exhibitation can hold. School life issimple. Students can’t always study. Students also like speech. Students may know more about arts.My ideas have two causes. Arts festival is about arts. So all the activities should be about arts, such as party, exhibitation, speech. Second, it should be opened to all students. So that the students can know more about arts.These are my ideas. Maybe it isn’t very mature.。
Writing Samples
1.What Do Students Need English for ？（英语教学问题，词汇量、辞典、口语等）Purpose % of studentsEconomics EngineeringReading textbooks 8090Reading journals 60 70Reading business letters 4020Reading reports 25105 7Writing letters60 40Attending lecturesAttending seminars 5 10Talking to English-speaking visitors 6 8Today, English is becoming more and more popular. Many countries have made English taught as the second language in schools. But why do students need English? If they do need, what do they need it for? A survey made by a teacher at a university answers the two questions.The result of the survey suggests that almost all students need English and they need it for different purposes. Most of the students learn English because they need to read English textbooks or journals and attend English lectures, while only a few students need to use it to talks to English-speaking visitors, attend seminars, write letters, etc. There are also some differences between economics students and engineering students: Compared with engineering students, more economics students need to read English business and to write reports in English.From the results of the survey, we can see that students learn English different purposes, which varies with different students. Whatever the purposes are, one thing is certain: Students need English, and English teaching should be strengthened in universities.2．Mobile Telephone on Campus(1) 学校园里越来越多的学生拿手机；(2) 手机对学生的影响；(3) 你的观点。
toeflwritingsample
toeflwritingsampleDo you agree with the following statement? In a team, those who do not accept others’ criticismcan not succeedDifferent peple living in serveral places may recieve sundry kinds of educational ways and working styles. When people stayed or worked together, they would, with no doubt, received other's opinions such as praises and criticisms. Then our society gives rise to such a debate that whether people who do not accept the criticisms honestly giving from other's can still succeed. I hold the opinion that those who do not accept criticism will not succeed.First and foremost, accepting the criticisms may improve your ability and can easily correct your weaknesses. As we know that people made more or less mistakes everyday in just doing some basic work without noticing by themselves. If they do not accept those suggestions honestly, they will not improve themselves in order to succeed. For example, recently, I read the biography of the Steve Jobs who is the legendary and charistmatic person in the world and found the reason why he was fired by Apple in the young age. At that time, because of being a leader in the Apple, Steve was arrogant and always thought that his thoughts were the perfect. When his employees told him that Steve made some mistakes and criticize him, he just ignored these ridiculous criticisms. Becasue ignoring those criticisms, he could not know that he made abundant mistakes. After serceral years, Apple nearly bankrupted for his arrogance. So he was fired. Experiencing this unfortunate events, Steve started changing his ming and gradually accepted thosesuggestions. After decades, Steve went back to Apple as executive. This time, he still made some of the mistakes; However, he accepted those criticisms honestly. As result, Apple recovered in a short period and became one of the most popular techonological companies in the world.As impressive as above, the second point is of the same importance. Receving the criticisms is another way to improve ourselves instead of showing our weaknesses. Becasue some people were afraid of losing face so as to accept those suggestions,so when they listened to some criticisms giving from their friends, those people may get mad and uncomfortable even argue with their buddies or colleagues, resulting in damaging their friendship. Take the case of my friend, Taylor, who was the prson that hardly accept the criticisms. Everytime we saw his wrong behaviors, we would talk to him and suggest him that he need to correct; However, Taylor always ignoredour advices and sometime argued with us so he did not get well along with us and lack of friends. When he were trapped by some dilemmas, nobody would help him because of his arrogance. So he had to face all the challenges individually and could not finish his missions perfectly such as getting low scores on the tests and assignments. Finally, he went to a relatively bad high-school to study.Receiving the criticisms honestly not only can help you notice your weaknesses so that you can improve yourselves to attach to success easily, but also can avoid in getting not well along with your friends and having a bad social relationships. Considering these significant benfits, I reinforce my statement that accepting criticisms is more likely to help you to succeed when comparing those people who ignore those suggestions.。
英语概要写作范文十篇
英语概要写作范文十篇As a document creator on Baidu Wenku, I am pleased to present to you ten exemplary English summary writing samples. Each sample is carefully crafted to showcase different styles and techniques of summary writing, providing a comprehensive guide for anyone looking to improve their English writing skills.Sample 1:Title: The Benefits of Reading。
Reading is an essential activity that offers numerous benefits to individuals. It not only enhances our knowledge and understanding of the world but also improves our cognitive abilities. Moreover, reading can be a source of relaxation and entertainment, allowing us to escape from the stresses of daily life.Sample 2:Title: Environmental Pollution。
Environmental pollution is a pressing issue that poses a threat to the planet and its inhabitants. It is caused by various human activities, such as industrialization and urbanization, and has detrimental effects on the environment, wildlife, and human health. Efforts to combat pollution are crucial for the preservation of our planet.Sample 3:Title: The Impact of Technology on Society。
writing sample (1)
Essay 1---by Wang LiMarriage Young ProblemsI don’t agree to get married at a very early age. Marriage is such a big promise that once I make a decision, I have to take the entire responsibility. It’s easy to find another man to rely on and I may think it is a right choice. However, getting married too young was a mistake because we hadn’t finished our education, we weren’t ready for children and we weren’t assure of parents’ life yet.The first problem was that young lovers hadn’t finished their education. It is the golden time to study while we were young. There is a Chinese old saying, “If one doesn’t exert oneself in youth, one will regret in old age.”If I got married too young, I might be upset about how to balance the time to have university courses and do chores at home. Furthermore, it will contribute to physical and mental problems like obsessive compulsive disorder or depression. Education is a good way to improve our comprehension ability and variety of skills. Lack of enough education may lead us to having some failure frustrations. Besides, I will be deeply embarrassed if I can’t figure out my kids’ problem about their homework. So, we’d better learn well and then we can have further plan about marriage.The second problem was that we were not ready for children. I was even too young to take good care of myself, to say nothing of my sweetheart and my children! What's more, compared with those who got married at a proper age, younger lovers may be in a great bustle to deal with things such as relationship, notarial certificate to prove on the children problem.The biggest problem was that I will care less about my parents if I spent more with my own family. For me, it is unforgivable to left home without any payback for my parents, for they have been raising me up for 20 years. And my kids would leave me early just like the way I did if I made a decision to get married too young. That’s really not a good model. While I was growing stronger and stronger, my parents were getting older and older, their retirement pensions can’t afford to the housing mortgage loan. It is my time to take on the burn of life instead of them.All in all, I do believe that young lovers should consider carefully and completely before making decisions to get married. Getting married too young was not a bright choice on the condition such as education, children and parents. （431 words）。
美国研究生留学WritingSample的写作技巧
美国研究生留学WritingSample的写作技巧申请美国研究生留学读文科的童鞋，对于Writing Sample应该不陌生，WS是个磨人的小妖精，因为它一般要求写到10页左右，就算你手中有现成的某一课程的期末论文，翻译的过程也是费心劳力(美本的学生就比较省心了，可以悠哉地选择一个课程的term paper~)。
那么WS要怎么写?下面86店铺小编大家一些tips。
WS的目的是考查申请人的思维方式、研究潜力和写作能力，对于在之前三座大山中没有表现到最好的童鞋们，写好WS能够：向Admission Office证明你对这个专业方向的热爱和执着，让它们看到你对此专业所付出的精力和研究的过程向Admission Office展示你的英语水平和论文写作能力。
通常，要求提交Writing Sample多为文史类或社会科学类专业如果你是申请的是：人类学教育学/历史学/语言学/心理学/社会学/传媒类- - - 大战WS刻不容缓。
虽然根据专业要求的不同，writing sample的形式可以多变，比如小说、诗、剧本、新闻、书评、分析性论文或者毕业论文。
但分析性论文和毕业论文的Writing sample最为常见。
WS 是一篇“论文”，基于参考前人的成果和自己的调研，完成一篇以论述和分析为主的文章，下面一些小Tips希望能帮到大家。
1、要使用专业词汇和书面语，避免使用口语化的语言。
2、格式一般为 Times New Roman 字体，12 号字，双倍行距，两侧的空白一般为1inch(2.54cm)，这是“论文”最正规(Prof最喜欢)的格式。
3、主题：如果你已经在PS 里明确了自己的研究方向，最好顺着一个这个方向的来写WS，如果在PS中没有明确的研究方向，可以根据所申专业撰写或挑选相关的主题即可。
4、从中文稿翻译到英文时，对于专业词汇的翻译，一般都有固定中英文对照，建议多问问该专业的人请教。
5、语言多样性：多查一查单词的同义词，避免通篇的’get’, ‘do’, ‘think’等小词汇。
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写作句式及模块一．对立观点型论说文常用句型●点明文章主题的常用句式1. . . . has become a hot topic among people recently. Opinions towards it vary from person toperson.……已经成为人们谈论的热门话题，不同的人对此有不同的看法。
2. There is an argument／much disagreement／no consensus of opinions among peopleconcerning／over／as to／on. . . 关于……，人们的看法不尽相同。
3. Nowadays, people are divided on the question as to whether. . . 如今关于……的问题，人们的观点很不相同。
4. Different people have / hold /take different views／perspectives on. . . 不同的人对……有不同的见解。
5. When asked about. . . different people will offer different answers. 当被问及……时，不同的人会给出不同的答案。
6. There is a public debate／discussion／controversy today about the problem of. . . 如今关于……的问题，公众已经展开了辩论／讨论。
7. The issue of whether or not. . . has been widely argued／debated currently.关于是否……的问题，如今公众已经展开了广泛的讨论。
●具体介绍两种对立观点的常用句式1. Some people suggest／maintain／hold the opinion that. . . But ／However ／While ／Nevertheless／Yet, other people hold a different point of view. . . 有些人认为……，但是另外一些人却持有不同的观点。
2. Some people are inclined to think that. . . On the contrary／In contrast, there are still manypeople who won’t agree, and they claim. . .一些人往往认为……，但是仍然有些人对此表示异议，他们认为……3. When it comes to. . . some people think／believe that. . . while others argue／claim that theopposite／reverse is true. 当谈及……的时候，有些人认为……，但是其他人却站在相反意见的一边。
4. Those who criticize／oppose to／object to. . . argue that. . . . But people who advocate／favor. . , on the other hand, maintain／assert that. . . 那些批评／反对……的人认为……，但是赞成……的人认为……5. Now it is commonly／generally／widely／universally thought／accepted／believed／heldthat. . . But I wonder／doubt whether. . . 现在大家普遍认为……，我却对此持怀疑态度。
6. To the general public／popular mind, . . But despite／in spite of／. . . I still believe. . . 尽管大部分人(都认为)……，我仍然认为……7. Nowadays, an overwhelming majority of people think that. . . Nevertheless, there are still somepeople of the opinion that. . . 虽然如今绝大多数人认为……，但是还是有些人认为……。
●陈述自己观点的常用句式1. For my part／As to me／As far as I am concemed, I’d like to agree to the former／my favorgoes to the first view. 就我而言，我赞同前一种观点。
2. I agree to the latter opinion to some extent. 我比较同意后一种观点。
3. I’m in favor of. . . ／I’m on the side of. . . 我赞成……4. In my opinion, both sides are partly right. When we. . . we should take into consideration allaspects of the problems and then make the right decision.我认为双方都有一定的道理。
当我们……，我们应该全面地考虑该问题，然后做出正确的决定。
5. There is probably some truth in both arguments／statements, but. . . 两种观点都有一些道理，但是……熟能生巧模板(一)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Will Fast Food soon Take the Place of Chinese Traditional Food. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 洋快餐在中国日趋流行，很多人对此感到十分忧虑。
如：传统饮食习惯很快会被人们忘记等。
2. 然而，我对洋快餐持肯定的态度。
3. 我认为那些人的忧虑没有必要。
Fast food①_______________ ①点明主题____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.But this trend has aroused some anxiety that②________________________ ②陈述一些____________________________________________________________ 人的忧虑____________________________________________________________ 及原因____________________________________________________________Besides, some people think fast food can do harmto ③___________________________________________________________ ③陈述另一________________________________________________________________ 些人的忧__________________________________________________________________ 虑及原因__________________________________________________________________Although the popularity may cause some health problems, my attitude towards fast food is positive. The reasons are just as follows: For one thing, ④__________________________________________________________________ ④陈述我对__________________________________________________________________ 快餐持肯_________________________________________________________________ 定态度的_________________________________________________________________ 原因之一___________________________________________________________________For another, ⑤____________________________________________________ ⑤原因之二_________________________________________________________________As for the worry about the negative effects onChinese traditional diet caused by fast food, in myopinion, ⑥_______________________________________________________ ⑥陈述自己___________________________________________________________________ 认为一些____________________________________________________________________ 人的忧虑____________________________________________________________________ 没有必要____________________________________________________________________. 的原因In one sense, ⑦_______________________________________________________ ⑦结论__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________模板(二)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Euthanasia Be Legalized? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 有人赞成实行安乐死2. 有人反对安乐死合法化3. 我的看法Should euthanasia be legalized? Answers to thisquestion vary greatly. Some people ①_______________________________ ①赞成安乐______________________________________________________________ 死的观点____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________On one hand, ②__________________________________________ ②理由一____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________On the other hand, ③____________________________________________ ③理由二____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________However, other people think that the legalization may bring about some problems. Firstly,④__________________________________________________________ ④反对观点____________________________________________________ 的理由之一Secondly, ⑤_________________________________________________ ⑤理由之二____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Finally, ⑥_____________________________________________________ ⑥理由之三____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________In my opinion, there’ s some truth in both argu ments. ⑦⑦我的结论__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________模板(三)Directions: For this part，you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Reduction of Students Study Load. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 一些人坚决主张减负2. 另一些人对此持矛盾态度3. 我的看法Chinese primary and middle school students now grow up under heavy pressures because theyhave to face a huge amount of homework and frequent exams. This has triggered a heated discussion on ①_________________________________________________ ①提出争论_________________________________________________________________ 的话题throughout China.Some people ②_________________________________________________ ②赞成的观_______________________________________________________________ 点_______________________________________________________________They argue that, ③_______________________________________________ ③理由一________________________________________________________________As a result, ④____________________________________________________ ④进一步具________________________________________________________________ 体说明________________________________________________________________.Second, ⑤______________________________________________________ ⑤理由二______________________________________________________________.To illustrate, ⑥_________________________________________________ ⑥进一步具______________________________________________________________ 体说明_______________________________________________________________.However, others⑦______________________________________________ ⑦反对的观点_______________________________________________________________.They believe that ⑧_______________________________________________ ⑧理由一_______________________________________________________________.Besides, ⑨______________________________________________________ ⑨理由二________________________________________________________________.A case in point is that ⑩___________________________________________ ⑩举例说明________________________________________________________________.Personally, I’m on the side of the former argument. We should ⑾___________ ⑾我的态度_________________________________________________________________.It’ s easy to see a heavy load (12)___________________________________ (12)分析学生负_________________________________________________________ 担沉重的根_________________________________________________________. 本原因So it is urgent and necessary that (13)_________________________ (13) 我的建议模板(四)Directions: For this part，you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Is the College English Test Band 4／6 Necessary? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 有人认为大学英语四、六级考试有必要2. 也有人对此持不同看法3. 我认为Recently there has been a heated debate on ①_____________________ ①点明主题________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Some students and teachers claim that ②______________________________ ②赞成的观_________________________________________________________________ 点________________________________________________________________To start with, they maintain that ③___________________________________ ③理由一________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Furthermore, they argue that ④_______________________________________ ④理由二________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Others ⑤________________________________________________________ ⑤反对的观____________________________________________________________ 点____________________________________________.They ⑥_____________________________________________________ ⑥理由一________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Besides, ⑦_________________________________________________ ⑦理由二________________________________________________________________As a result, ⑧_______________________________________________ ⑧进一步具_____________________________________________________________ 体说明____________________________________________________________.For all these negative aspects, I prefer the forme opinion. The main reason is that ⑨_______________________________ ⑨我支持第一_______________________________________________________________ 种观点的原________________________________________________________________. 因之一What’ s m ore, ⑩___________________________________________________ ⑩原因之二________________________________________________________________.模板(五)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on The Objective of Study. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 大学生中有许多人把拿到文凭视为学习的目的2. 也有一些人认为大学的学习应该以发展个人兴趣和培养特长为目标3. 我的看法参考范文模板(一)Will fast food soon take the place of Chinese traditional food? Fast food, such as hamburger and fried chicken, becomes more and more popular with young people in modern China. But this trend has aroused some anxiety that the traditional cuisine will be forgotten one day if people get used to living on a diet of fast food.Besid es, some people think fast food can do harm to people’s health because this type of food fails to provide adequate daily requirements of all nutrition. Although the popularity may cause some health problems, my attitude towards fast food is positive. The reasons are just as follows. For one thing, it is difficult to resist the temptation of fast food of McDonald’s or Kentucky because they can provide the customers with a kind of completely new and tempting food as well as excellent service. For another, in an age when some busy people would not like to waste too much time in cooking, eating fast food is a good choice to help them make full use of time.As for the worry that the negative effects on Chinese traditional diet caused by fast food, in my opinion, the national cuisine will not die out because fast food and traditional food do not go contrary to each other and they can serve different tastes. In one sense, fast food is a product of an ever-changing lifestyle. We should be brave to accept this change instead of saying no to it.模板(二)Should Euthanasia Be Legalized?Should euthanasia be legalized? Answers to this question vary greatly from person to person. Some people are in favor of the idea of euthanasia. On the one hand, it can benefit the patient. To a terminally ill person who is suffering unbearable pains day and night or living like a “vegetable” to be allowed to end his life painlessly is a good relief. On the other hand, it can also benefit the patient’s family. To his family it is a heavy burd en both financially and emotionally when they make every effort to sustain his life, which, more often than not, will eventually be in vain.However, other people think that the legalization may bring about some problems. Firstly, they argue that it is inhumane to make a terminally ill person who does not want to die feel guilty of remaining alive. Secondly, it is also insensible that a patient is killed simply because of a mistaken terminal diagnosis. Finally, it is possible that euthanasia could be taken advantage of for criminal purpose.In my opinion, there’s some truth in both arguments. It is true that the legalization of euthanasia will raise serious moral and social issues. But without euthanasia, I wonder whether or not doctors can come up with better ways to lessen the pain of the terminally ill patients.模板(三)Reduction of Students’ Study LoadChinese primary and middle school students now grow up under heavy pressures because they have to face a huge amount of homework and frequent exams. This has triggered a heated discussion on whether or not we should reduce the students’ study load throughout China.Some people strongly advocate that we should reduce the students’ study load. They argue that, first, it deprives children of their free time and the golden, cheerful childhood, which they are entitled to. As a result, all their weekends and vacations are taken up by endless homework and make up lessons. Second, heavy study load has seriously affected their physical and psychological health.To illustrate, more and more students are either wearing glasses or suffering from nervous disorder.However, others hesitate about it and they prefer to stick to the old practice rather than reduce students’ study load. They believe that only hard work can earn a bright future for children. Besides, they think it’s just a waste of time for students to idle around. A case in point is that more children were drowned this summer, which might result from the reduction of study load.Personally, I’m on the side of the former argument. We should moderately reduce students’ toddled. It’s easy to find that a heavy load is the by-product of the existing exam oriented systemSo it is urgent and necessary that the current exam assessment system be reformed.模板(四)Is the College English Test Band 4／6 Necessary?Recently there has been a heated debate on whether or not the national College English Test Band 4／B and 6 is necessary.Some students and teachers are in favor of it. To start with, they maintain that it is an effective way to raise the level of English in our country. Furthermore, they argue that it may not only inspire teachers to improve their teaching, but also urge students to attach more importance to English so as to improve their communicative skills.Others hold an opposite point of view. They maintain that this kind of test does not help improve the students’ actual ability in mastering the language, although it may help them acquire some approach to dealing with the test. Besides, it only makes learning and teaching test-oriented. As a result, only such students with high scores but lower abilities are turned out.For all these negative aspects, I prefer the former opinion. The main reason is that thanks to CET Band 4／Band 6, the overall English level of college students has been greatly promoted. What’s more, both teachers and students now place much emphasis on comprehensive learning skills, including listening, speaking, reading, and writing.模板(五)The Objective of StudyAfter entering colleges, students hold quite different opinions about the objective of study. Some of them hold that having a diploma is certainly the objective of study in college. In their opinion, the diploma will guarantee favorable opportunities in the job-hunting campaign. This idea may be the weapon why their college lives are almost focused on reading books, which helps them pursue decent scores in exams.But a good many college students are inclined to challenge this belief. They argue that it is most important to develop the personal interests and rewarding specialties in the college study. For this purpose, they often have every reason to pride themselves on excellent academic achievements in the subjects they take great interest in, while they may flunk in other courses in which they seem rather uninterested.For my part, I think it is quite necessary that we develop wide interest in computer, foreign languages or any other practical disciplines rather than just confine ourselves to textbooks. Only in this way can we keep on learning throughout our lifetime and always keep pace with the times. 二．问题解决型论说文常用句型●引出话题的常用句式1. Nowadays, … has become a problem we have to face. 如今……已经成为我们必须面对的问题。