Compile-4-3
java 字母数字正则
java 字母数字正则摘要：1.Java 正则表达式简介2.字母数字正则表达式语法3.字母数字正则表达式示例4.Java 中使用正则表达式的方法5.总结正文：1.Java 正则表达式简介在Java 编程中，正则表达式是一种用于处理字符串的强大工具。
通过正则表达式，我们可以轻松地查找、替换、验证等操作字符串，满足各种复杂的业务需求。
2.字母数字正则表达式语法字母数字正则表达式用于匹配只包含字母和数字的字符串。
它的语法如下：```^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$```其中，`^` 表示字符串的开始，`$` 表示字符串的结束。
`[a-zA-Z0-9]` 表示一个字母或数字，`+` 表示前面的字符可以出现一次或多次。
3.字母数字正则表达式示例假设我们有一个字符串`input`，我们想要判断它是否只包含字母和数字。
可以使用以下代码：```javaString regex = "^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$";boolean isValid = input.matches(regex);System.out.println("字符串是否只包含字母和数字：" + isValid);```4.Java 中使用正则表达式的方法在Java 中，可以使用`Pattern` 和`Matcher` 类来操作正则表达式。
以下是一些常用的方法：- `pile(regex)`：编译正则表达式，返回一个`Pattern` 对象。
- `Pattern.matcher(string)`：创建一个`Matcher` 对象，用于匹配给定的字符串。
- `matches()`：判断字符串是否完全匹配正则表达式。
- `find()`：查找字符串中是否存在与正则表达式匹配的子串。
- `replaceAll(replacement)`：替换字符串中所有与正则表达式匹配的子串。
5.总结字母数字正则表达式是Java 中一种常用的正则表达式，用于匹配只包含字母和数字的字符串。
编译原理第四版课后答案
编译原理第四版课后答案1. What are the three basic phases of a compiler and what are their main functions?- The three basic phases of a compiler are lexical analysis, syntax analysis, and code generation.- The main function of lexical analysis is to read the source code and break it into individual tokens, such as keywords, identifiers, numbers, and symbols.- The main function of the syntax analysis is to parse the tokens and verify that they form valid syntax according to the grammar rules of the programming language.- The main function of code generation is to convert the parsed tokens into executable code in a target programming language or machine code.2. What is lexical analysis and what are its main tasks?- Lexical analysis is the first phase of a compiler, which reads the source code and breaks it into individual tokens.- The main tasks of lexical analysis include tokenization, where the source code is divided into meaningful units called tokens, such as keywords, identifiers, numbers, and symbols; removal of comments, where any comments in the source code are ignored; and removal of white spaces, where unnecessary spaces, tabs, and line breaks are eliminated.3. What is a parser and what is its main function?- A parser is a component of the compiler that performs syntax analysis, also known as parsing.- Its main function is to analyze the structure of the tokens generated by the lexical analysis phase and verify that they form avalid syntax according to the grammar rules of the programming language.- The parser constructs a derivation tree or a parse tree to represent the structure of the code and checks for syntax errors, such as missing or misplaced tokens.4. What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter?- A compiler is a program that translates the entire source code of a programming language into an equivalent target code or machine code before execution.- An interpreter, on the other hand, does not translate the entire source code into machine code before execution. Instead, it reads and executes the source code line by line, translating and executing each line as it encounters it.- In terms of efficiency, a compiled program tends to run faster than an interpreted program because the compiled code is already in machine language, whereas the interpreted code needs to be translated and executed at runtime.5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using an interpreted language?- Advantages of using an interpreted language include faster development time, as there is no need to compile the entire code before execution; easier debugging, as errors can be detected and fixed immediately; and platform independence, as the interpreter can run on different operating systems without the need to compile separate binaries.- Disadvantages of using an interpreted language include slower execution speed compared to compiled languages; lower performance, as the interpreter needs to translate and execute eachline at runtime; and potential security risks, as the interpreted code can be easily accessed and modified.6. What is meant by bytecode and what is its role in interpreter-based execution?- Bytecode is a low-level representation of the source code that is generated by a compiler or an interpreter. It is a set of instructions that can be executed by a virtual machine.- In interpreter-based execution, the source code is first compiled into bytecode, which is a platform-independent representation of the code. The interpreter then reads and executes the bytecode on the virtual machine, providing a compromise between compilation and interpretation.- Bytecode allows for faster execution compared to interpreting the source code directly, as the bytecode is already in a form that can be executed by the virtual machine.7. What is code optimization and why is it important?- Code optimization is the process of improving the efficiency and performance of the generated code by the compiler.- It is important because optimized code can run faster and consume less memory, resulting in improved overall performance of the program.- Code optimization techniques include constant folding, loop unrolling, dead code elimination, and register allocation, among others.8. What is a symbol table and what is its purpose?- A symbol table is a data structure that is used by a compiler to store information about the variable and function namesencountered in the source code.- Its purpose is to keep track of the properties and attributes of each symbol, such as its data type, memory location, scope, and visibility.- The symbol table is used by various phases of the compiler, such as the lexical analyzer, parser, and code generator, to perform tasks such as name resolution, type checking, and memory management.9. What is the role of an assembler in the compilation process?- An assembler is a program that converts assembly language code into machine code.- In the compilation process, the assembler is responsible for translating the assembly language code written by the programmer into machine code that can be executed directly by the computer hardware.- The assembler performs a one-to-one mapping of assembly instructions to their corresponding machine code instructions, and also resolves symbolic addresses and labels used by the programmer.10. What is the difference between a single-pass compiler and a multi-pass compiler?- A single-pass compiler is a compiler that reads the source code of a program once and generates the corresponding executable code in a single pass or iteration.- A multi-pass compiler, on the other hand, requires multiple passes or iterations over the source code in order to generate the executable code.- Single-pass compilers are generally simpler and require less memory, but they are unable to perform certain optimizations orglobal analysis that requires information from the entire source code. Multi-pass compilers are more powerful and can perform more complex optimizations and analysis, but they are typically slower and require more memory.。
Geant4安装教程
Geant4安装教程2017.10.18====================================== =======1.openjdk$>sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jre-headless2.X11$>sudo apt-get install libX11-dev libXext-dev libXtst-dev libXrender-dev libxmu-dev libxmuu-dev on the synpatic : install libxmuu1-dpg and libxmu6-dpg3.OpenGL Library, OpenGl Utilities and OpenGL Utility T ookit$>sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-dev$>sudo apt-get install libglu1-mesa-dev$>sudo apt-get install libglut3-dev"Unable to locate package libglut3-dev"4.$>sudo apt-get update5.ibus$>sudo apt-get install ibus ibus-clutter ibus-gtk ibus-gtk3 ibus-qt4$>sudo apt-get install im-switch$>im-switch -s ibus$>sudo apt-get install ibus-googlepinyin$>sudo pkill -f ibus-daemon$>ibus-daemon -d -x$>ibus-setup6.Geant4.9.6.p04 安装和使用教程:install basic compile environment$>sudo apt-get install build-essentialinstall OpenGL Library$>sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-devinstall OpenGL Utilities$>sudo apt-get install libglu1-mesa-dev>>OpenGL Utilities is a developed tool from OpenGL Library install$>sudo apt-get install libxt-devsudo apt-get install libXmu-devsudo apt-get install libXi-devsudo apt-get install zlib1g-devsudo apt-get install libgl2ps-devsudo apt-get install libexpat1-devsudo apt-get install libxerces-c-dev$>suinput passwd of root :....$>cd /usr/sharemkdir GEANT4cd GEANT4$>tar -zxvf /home/amberyez/Downloads/geant4.9.6.p04.tar.gz$>mkdir geant4.9.6.p04-build$>cd geant4.9.6.p04-build$>cmake-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/share/geant4.9.6.p04 -DGEANT4_USE_OPENGL_X11=ON -DGEANT4_USE_RAYTRACER_X11=ON -DGEANT4_USE_GDML=OFF ../geant4.9.6.p04$>make -j2(核数)$>make install$>cd /usr/share/geant4.9.6.p04/share/Geant4-9.6.4/$>mkdir datadownload the sources and unzip at /usr/share/geant4.9.6.p04/share/Geant4-9.6.4/dataG4EMLOW6.32PhotonEvaporation2.3G4NDL4.2G4NEUTRONXS1.2G4PII1.3RadioactiveDecay3.6RealSurface1.0G4SAIDDATA1.1$>cp$>vi~/.bashrc %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%add this: source $WORK/usr/share/geant4.9.6.p04/bin/geant4.shsource /usr/share/geant4.9.6.p04/share/Geant4-9.6.4/geant4make/geant4make.sh %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%HOW TO RUN GEANT4:$>cd ../filename$>mkdir build$>cd build$>cmake -DGeant4_DIR=/usr/share/geant4.9.6.p04/lib/Geant4-9.6.1/ ..$>make -j40$>./filename% use cmakecmake -DGeant4_DIR=/usr/share/geant4.9.6.p04/share/Geant4-9.6.4/ ..。
人工智能深度学习技术练习(习题卷5)
人工智能深度学习技术练习(习题卷5)说明：答案和解析在试卷最后第1部分：单项选择题，共50题，每题只有一个正确答案,多选或少选均不得分。
1.[单选题]反向传播算法一开始计算什么内容的梯度，之后将其反向传播？A)预测结果与样本标签之间的误差B)各个输入样本的平方差之和C)各个网络权重的平方差之和D)都不对2.[单选题]在典型的Batch归一化运用中需要用什么来估算A)一个指数加权平均B)平均值C)方差D)最大值3.[单选题]pytorch中，LSTM输入尺寸参数为A)input_sizeB)batch_firstC)biasD)hidden_size4.[单选题]学习率的作用是（）A)控制参数更新速度B)减少过拟合C)减少偏差D)以上都不是5.[单选题]基于切比雪夫距离的单位园是一个A)圆形B)45度的正方型C)正方形,其边与xy轴平行D)不确定6.[单选题]梯度消失的现象是A)导数为0B)参数不再更新C)达到最优梯度D)到达最优解7.[单选题]一个32X32大小的图像,通过步长为2,尺寸为2X2的池化运算后,尺寸变为A)14X14C)28X28D)16X168.[单选题]什么是卷积？A)缩小图像的技术B)放大图像的技术C)提取图像特征的技术D)过滤掉不需要的图像的技术9.[单选题]在TF框架中,激活函数tf.nn.relu的作用是?A)用于卷积后数据B)用于卷积核C)用于步长D)不能用到全连接层10.[单选题]不是随机梯度下降的特点是:A)批量数值选取为1B)学习率逐渐减小C)可以达到最小值D)在最小值附近波动11.[单选题]百度飞桨中训练过程流程的内层循环是指（）。
A)负责整个数据集的二次遍历，采用分批次方式（batch）B)负责整个数据集的一次遍历，采用分批次方式（batch）C)定义遍历数据集的次数，通过参数EPOCH_NUM设置D)负责整个数据集的多次遍历，采用分批次方式（batch）12.[单选题]编码器-解码器模式属于以下哪种模式?A)一对一B)一对多C)多对一D)多对多13.[单选题]双向循环神经网络的英文缩写是?A)RNNB)SRNNC)TRNND)Bi-RNN14.[单选题]如果我们用了一个过大的学习速率会发生什么？（）A)神经网络会收敛B)不好说C)都不对D)神经网络不会收敛15.[单选题]动态图处理中，无序开启A)求导B)会话C)自动微分D)反向传播16.[单选题]pandas的常用类不包括（）。
计算机专业常用英语
10. local a. 局部；本地[机]
localhost 本(主)机
比较 remote a. 远程 remote access 远程访问 remote communications 远程通信 remote terminal 远程终端
11. ring network 环形网络 ring topology 环形拓扑
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比较 model 模型 module 模块 modulo 模(运算)
11. opcode 操作码( operation code ) 12. decode v. 译码
decoder 译码器，解码器，翻译程序
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2.2 Microprocessor And Microcomputer
1. integrated circuit 集成电路
8. library (程序)库，库
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9. single threading 单线程处理方式
Within a program, the running of a single process at a time. 在程序中，一次运行一个进程的方式。
single-precision 单精度 single-user computer 单用户计算机 thread 线程；线索 threaded tree 线索树 threading 线程技术
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16. idle a. 空闲，等待
Operational but not in use. 用来说明处在可操作状态但不在使用。 idle state 空闲状态
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18. launch v. 启动，激活 19. prototyping 原型法 20. project n. 投影运算 21. workstation 工作站
英语前后缀归纳(详细版)
英语前后缀归纳(详细版)2、pre-加在名词，形容词和动词前：preheat(预热)、n(预防)、premature(过早的)3、fore-加在名词，形容词和动词前：foresee(预见)、XXX(祖先)、forehead(前额)4、pro-加在名词，形容词和动词前：proactive(积极主动的)、prosperous(繁荣的)、proceed(继续进行)5、ante-加在名词前：XXX(前事)、XXX(前厅)、antedate(先于)三、表示“后after”的前缀1、post-加在名词，形容词和动词前：postgraduate(研究生)、postpone(推迟)、ar(战后的)2、after-加在名词，形容词和动词前：aftermath(后果)、afternoon(下午)、XXX(事后想法)后缀一、名词后缀1、-ment：表示“状态，行为或结果”，如：enjoyment(享受)、agreement(协议)、movement(运动)2、-ness：表示“状态或品质”，如：happiness(幸福)、kindness(友善)、darkness(黑暗)3、-ity：表示“状态或品质”，如：reality(现实)、XXX(平等)、diversity(多样性)4、-XXX：表示“行为或过程”，如：XXX(教育)、XXX(交流)、XXX(竞争)5、-er/-or：表示“人或物”，如：XXX(教师)、actor(演员)、doctor(医生)二、形容词后缀1、-ful：表示“充满的”，如：colorful(色彩斑斓的)、wonderful(神奇的)、helpful(有帮助的)2、-less：表示“没有的”，如：hopeless(无望的)、useless(无用的)、fearless(无畏的)3、-able/-ible：表示“能够的”，如：comfortable(舒适的)、flexible(灵活的)、visible(可见的)4、-al/-ial：表示“关于的”，如：nal(国家的)、financial(金融的)、social(社会的)5、-ous/us：表示“有…性质的”，如：famous(著名的)、us(美味的)、us(好奇的)1.Pre- means before。
Proteus入门教程完整版
Proteus⼊门教程完整版Proteus ⼊门教程本⽂将简单介绍⼀下Proteus 的使⽤。
在这⾥，我⽤的Proteus 版本是Proteus 6.7 sp3 Professional 。
⼀、Proteus 6 Professional 界⾯简介安装完Proteus 后，运⾏ISIS 6 Professional ，会出现以下窗⼝界⾯：为了⽅便介绍，我分别对窗⼝内各部分进⾏中⽂说明(见上图) 。
下⾯简单介绍各部分的功能：1．原理图编辑窗⼝( The Editing Window )：顾名思义，它是⽤来绘制原理图的。
蓝⾊⽅框内为可编辑区，元件要放到它⾥⾯。
注意，这个窗⼝是没有滚动条的，你可⽤预览窗⼝来改变原理图的可视范围。
2．预览窗⼝( The Overview Window )：它可显⽰两个内容，⼀个是：当你在元件列表中选择⼀个元件时，它会显⽰该元件的预览图；另⼀个是，当你的⿏标焦点落在原理图编辑窗⼝时(即放置元件到原理图编辑窗⼝后或在原理图编辑窗⼝中点击⿏标后) ，它会显⽰整张原理图的缩略图，并会显⽰⼀个绿⾊的⽅框，绿⾊的⽅框⾥⾯的内容就是当前原理图窗⼝中显⽰的内容，因此，你可⽤⿏标在它上⾯点击来改变绿⾊的⽅框的位置，从⽽改变原理图的可视范围。
3．模型选择⼯具栏( Mode Selector Toolbar )：主要模型( Main Modes )：1* 选择元件( components)(默认选择的)2* 放置连接点3* 放置标签(⽤总线时会⽤到)4* 放置⽂本5* ⽤于绘制总线6* ⽤于放置⼦电路7* ⽤于即时编辑元件参数 (先单击该图标再单击要修改的元件)配件( Gadgets)：1* 终端接⼝( terminals )：有VCC 、地、输出、输⼊等接⼝2* 器件引脚：⽤于绘制各种引脚3* 仿真图表( graph)：⽤于各种分析，如Noise Analysis4* 录⾳机5* 信号发⽣器( generators)6* 电压探针：使⽤仿真图表时要⽤到7* 电流探针：使⽤仿真图表时要⽤到8* 虚拟仪表：有⽰波器等2D 图形( 2D Graphics )：1* 画各种直线2* 画各种⽅框3* 画各种圆4* 画各种圆弧5* 画各种多边形6* 画各种⽂本8* 画原点等4．元件列表( The Object Selector )：⽤于挑选元件( components)、终端接⼝( terminals)、信号发⽣器 ( generators )、仿真图表( graph )等。
4位全加器实验报告
4位全加器实验报告篇一：四位全加器实验报告实验一：四位全加器实验报告实验日期：学生姓名：陆小辉（学号：25）指导老师：黄秋萍加法器是数字系统中的基本逻辑器件，是构成算数运算电路的基本单元。
1位加法器有全加器和半加器两种。
多位加法器构成方式有并行进位方式和串行进位方式。
并行进位加法器设有并行进位产生逻辑，运算速度较快；串行进位加法器是将全加器级联构成多位加法器。
并行进位加法器通常比串行进位加法器占用更多的资源，随着位数的增多，相同位数的并行进位加法器比串行进位加法器的资源占用差距快速增大。
因此，在工程中使用加法器时，要在速度与容量之间寻求平衡。
一、设计要求：设计四位全加器，完成相应的功能。
可采用并行进位方式和串行进位方式，可采用三种常用建模方式中的任意一种。
三、测试代码如(转载自：小草范文网:4位全加器实验报告)下： module text_fulladd4; 二、设计代码如下：（此处采用数据流建模）wire [3:0]sum; module fulladd4(sum,cout,a,b,cin); wire cout; output [3:0]sum; reg [3:0]a,b; output cout; reg cin; input [3:0]a,b; fulladd4 f1(sum,cout,a,b,cin);input cin; initial assign {cout,sum}=a+b+cin; begin endmodule a=4'b0; b=4'b0; cin=1'b0; #210 $stop; end always #10 a=a+1; always #5 b=b+1; always #100 cin=cin+1;endmodule 四、仿真波形如下：续图篇二：4位全加器实验报告数电第一次实验通信1402 程杰 UXX13468【实验目的】采用ISE集成开发环境，利用verilog硬件描述语言中行为描述模式、结构描述模式或数据流描述模式设计四进制全加器。
MPLABIDE中HitechC编译器的使用指南
M PLABIDE中HiteChC编译器的使用指南在MPLAB-I DE中使用HitechC编译器一、装入编译器：1、启动MPLAB-IDE,如下图所示选择PrOjeCt-》Inst all Language Tool2、在弹出的安装语言工具对话框里"Language SUite〃选项现在显示的是MiCrOChiP,点击后面的箭头来选择语言。
我使用的工具是HI-TECH PICCME,因此选择为''HI TECH PICC,,o3、接下来在''Tool Name''里选择编译器组件的调用路径，这里有叩IeC COmPiler〃（C编译器）、叩ICC Assembler”（汇编器）与叩IeC Linker〃（链接器）3项都需要设置。
用"Browse〃来选择调用路径,把上述3项组件的调用文件都设为PICC.EXE0点''OK〃后完成设置。
二、选用编译器:1、新建一个项目，编辑项目对话框的"Language Tool SUite 〃栏目默认是“Microchip”,将它改为''HI-TECH PlCC 〃。
2、在项目文件框里点叶IaShaLhex]〃,这时''Node Properties〃（节点属性）按钮将会亮起来。
点击进3、设置节点属性。
由于FLASHA.C还有其他有关连的源程序需要加进来，因此在"Language ToOl〃栏里应该选择叩ICC Linker〃（链接器）。
通常我们能够选择:1)Generate debug inf 显示debug 信息；2)Create map file:选择该项后我们将看到ROM、R AM的使用情况；3)Error file：显示错误信息;4)Compile for MPLAB ICD:假如不使用ICD,就不必选择这个项目了。
4、设置完成之后点''Add NOde”来添加节点。
《C语言程序设计》教学课件项目一C语言概述
在前两个例子中用到了输入和输出函数 scanf 和 printf ，scanf和printf这 两个函数分别称为格式输入函数和格式输出函数。其意义是按指定的格式输入
输出值。这两个函数在括号中的参数表都由以下两部分组成：“格式控制串”、
“参数表”。格式控制串是一个字符串，必须用双引号括起来，它表示了输入输
}
每行注释：
（1）include称为文件包含命令，扩 展名为“.h”的文件，也称为头文件或 首部文件。
（2）定义两个实数变量，以被后面 程序使用。
（3）显示提示信息。 （4）从键盘获得一个实数x。 （5）求x的正弦，并把它赋给变量s。 （6）显示程序运算结果。 （7）main函数结束。
程序的功能是从键盘输入一个数x，求x的正弦值，然后输出结果。
上例中程序的执行过程是，首先
在屏幕上显示提示串，请用户输入 两个数，回车后由scanf函数语句接 收这两个数送入变量x、y中，然后 调用max函数，并把x、y的值传送给 max函数的参数a、b。在max函数中 比较a、b的大小，把大者返回给主 函数的变量z，最后在屏幕上输出z 的值。
三、Turbo C 的产生和发展
printf（"Hello，World!"）; } 输出: Hello，World!
第二个程序： 计算两数之和。
/*example1.1calculate the sum of a and b*/ #include <stdio.h> /*This is the main program*/ main（） {
任 三务、一Tur程bo序C设的计产初步生和发展
3. C程序的结构
main（） {
printf（"c语言世界，您好！＼n"）; }
TypeScript的4种编译方式
TypeScript的4种编译⽅式 JavaScript 是于1996年被开发出来的，然后在1997年被提交给 ECMA 国际⽤于标准化⼯作，这导致了 ECMAScript 的诞⽣。
同时，由于 JavaScript 与 ECMAScript 规范保持⼀致，所以可以说 JavaScript 是根据 ECMAScript 所实现的⼀个例⼦。
因此令我们感到有趣的是：ECMAScript 是基于 JavaScript 的，⽽同时 JavaScript ⼜是基于 ECMAScript 的。
TypeScript是微软开发的⼀门脚本语⾔，它是JavaScript的超集，它遵循ES6语⾔规范。
ES5，ES6都是脚本语⾔的规范，JavaScript和TypeScript是两种脚本语⾔。
JavaScript实现了ES5，TypeScript实现了ES6 需要安装编译器compiler，来把TypeScript的代码转换成JavaScript的代码。
因为现在很多浏览器都没有⽀持ES6规范，所以⽤ES6规范写出来的代码并不能在浏览器上跑。
安装npm install -g typescript 之后执⾏tsc -v看有没有安装成功1、⼿动编译 ⾸先找到TypeScript的安装⽬录，我的在”C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\TypeScript\1.0“。
在 cmd输⼊命令：tsc ⽂件名.ts，回车编译。
2、设置⾃动编译 找到项⽬⽂件（*.csproj的⽂件），编辑打开，找到<Target Name="BeforeBuild">节点，在⾥⾯添加如下节点信息： <Exec Command=""$(PROGRAMFILES)\Microsoft SDKs\TypeScript\1.0\tsc" @(TypeScriptCompile ->'"% (fullpath)"', ' ')" /> 或 <Exec Command="tsc$(TypeScriptSourceMap) @(TypeScriptCompile ->'"%(fullpath)"', ' ')" />3、解析编译 如果不想在项⽬中编译，这需要在页⾯添加<script src="typescript.js" />来编译。
第3版新视野大学英语读写教程4课本练习答案【最新】
新视野大学英语读写教程4（第三版）课本练习参考答案UNIT ONESection ALanguage focusWords in use[3]1.crumbled2.discern3.surpass4.shrewd5.conversion6.distort7.radiant8.ingenious9.stumped 10.propositionWord building[5]1.bankruptcies2.atmospheric3.delicacies4.urgency5.accountancy6.gloom7.magnet8.metallic9.mastery 10.vacancy 11.guilt 12.secrecy Banked close[6]1-10:C I A O F H M K J DExpressions in use[7]1.were dripping with2.in exchange for3.flared up4.make an analogy between5.set a date for6.make…out of7.made a pact8.had appealed toSection BLanguage focusWords in use[4]1.triggering2.obsure3.hypothesis4.formulate5.threshold6.incidence7.refute 8.realm 9.decay 10.tesimonyExpressions in use[5]1. play the odds2.subject to3.attributes/attributed…to4.be factored into5.call for6.By virtue of7.get stuck one into playSentence structure[6]1.The time has come for a broad international effort to integrate China into the global economy.2.The time has come for us to recognize that traditional art forms presented in traditional venues cannot compete with objects produced by popular culture.3.The time has come for considering the policy of conserving these material resources on which the permanent prosperity of our country must depend.[7]1.These reports differ from his earlier work in that they offer solutions to public pension problems.2. These forums are unique in that they provide a venue for those with varying perspectives to have an open and honest dialog.3. Social support has been found to act as a stress reducer in that it protects people in crisis from both physical and psychological problems.CollocationWarm-up1intellectual 2.lighten 3.demands 4.winning 5.erroneous 6.inaccurate 7.winning 8.distort 9.logic-proof 10.tremendous 11.watertight 12.cognitiveUNIT TWOSection ALanguage focusWords in use[3]1.deficient2.prosecution3.outrage4.appeased5.conformity6.strandplement8.transient9.appliances 10.outfitWord building[4]WordsNew words formedlearned-iondominatedominationorientorientation confrontconfrontation-ercomposecomposer bindbinder scanscanner manufacturemanufacturer erasererase -istimperialimperialist leftleftist terrorterroristhumanehumanist[5]1. domination2. scanners3.humanist4.confrontation5.leftists6.orientation7.erased8.terrorists9.manufacturers 10.binder 11.imperialists posers Banked close [6]1-10:J M L B I A H O D F Expression in use [7]1.in hopes of2.came up with3.excused herself4.was obsessed with5.reaching out to6.voice an opinion on7.live up to8.in terms of Section BLanguage focus Word in use [4]1.hampered2.mortal3.corrode4.preface5.embodies6.interwoven7.knit/knitted8.collide9.costume 10.predominant Expressions in use [5]1.enquired about2.from a…perspective3.on the rise4.be accountable to5.are worn out/are wearing out6.is exempt from7.approve of8.being addicted to Sentence structure [6]1. To support education is not about giving a lot of money to schools. It is about setting high academic standards for our next generation.2. The investigation was not about finding out how much money was lost. It was about finding out what made us fail to prevent the crisis.3. A follow-up study confiremed that prejudice was not about race or skin color. It was about national origin.[7]1. What they were worried about was more than just the cost of the machine itself. It would be1020 2012201expensive to keep it up too.2. The island is more than just a place to visit for fun. It is also a center of the shipbuilding industry in this region.3. For me and the kids, Mother Earth News is more than just a magazine that introduces various kinds of healthy diets; it is a friend who gives us comfort!Collocation Warm-up 1.chronic insecurity 2.emtional pain3.physically impossible4.extraordinary measure5. Extremely self-confident6.emotionally accessible[8]1.inner2.physiological3.desirable4.absurd5.true6.radiantly7.personal8.physical9.emotionally 10.authentic 11.valuable 12.personalUNIT three Language focus Words in use [3]1.exquisite2.dispersed3.decentralized4.deduce5.fixture6.frugality7.administrate8.disjointed9.Reviving 10.elapse Word building [4]Words learnedNew words formed-itypunctualpunctuality purepurityscarcescarcityseniorsenioritysensitivesensitivitysolemnsolemnityspecialspecialtysuperiorsuperiorityvalidvalidityvisiblevisibilityre-assurereassurestructurerestructure[5]1.seniority2.purity3.specialties4.reassure5.scarcity6.punctuality7.sensitivity8.restructuring9.superiority 10.validity 11.visibility 12.solemnityBanked close6 12020150 2015 20150220150205 1212013041520150205 1218 20150205 121820150205 12183437120150205 12181062620150205 121720001520150205 1217200 20150205 1217100020150205 1217200020150205 1216150020150205 1216150020150205 1216150020150205 1216150020150205 1216200020150205 1216150020150205 1215150020150205 12151000420150205 1215100020150205 1215150030020150205 1214100020150205 1214200020150205 12141000 20150205 12141000220150205 1214200020150205 1213150020150205 121328000320150205 1213200020150205 121328001120150205 12131000120150205 1212150020150205 12121500 116 220150205 1212200020150205 1212150020150205 1212200020150205 1211150020150205 1211200020150205 1211200020150205 1211200020150205 121128000205 121128000205 121115000150205 1210200002000100015001500000[6]1-10:G I E A H N B O K LExpression in use[7]1. held…in high regard2.In the interim3.was onto something4.in turn5.from time totime 6.pick on 7.take a stab at 8.boil down toUnite 3 Section BReading Skills （略）Reading comprehensionUnderstanding the text21A 2 D 3C 4B 5B 6A 7C 8DLanguage focusWord in use1 stimulus2 magnitude3 velocity4 quota5 stipulated6 tease7 eligible8 premium9 reminiscence 10 decreeExpressions in use1 be embedded in2 a trace of3 is critical to4 adjacent to5 beat…..down6 remains committed to7 conceive of8 be eligible forCollocationWarm up1compelling; Instant 2 sturdy; measurable 3 decent; trim81 instant success2 overwhelmingly positive3 outstanding entrepreneurs4 household names5 extremely poor6 low-income family7 rapid expansion8 extreme frugality9 harsh memories 10 firmly committed 11 crowning successUnit 5Section ALanguage focusWord in use31 fabricate2 nominal3 temporal4 reciprocal5 denotes6 consecutive7 spectators8 muttering9 composite10 maliciousWord building5Words learnedNew words formeddecidedecisive digestdigestiveconsultconsultative qualityqualitative authorityauthoritative conservativeconserve quantityquantitative buttonunbutton settleunsettle veilunveil 51 conserve2 unbuttoning3 authoritative4 consultative5 imaginative6 quantitative7 unveil8 assertive9 unsettled 10 decisive 11 digestive 12 qualitativeBank close 61 L2 E3 O4 J5 G6 H7 A8 C9 I 10 M Expressions in use 71 got to the point2 are attached to3 would have starved to death4 If anything5 were suspicious of6 wandered around7 on the side8 was representative of Translation 9文艺复兴是一场影响巨大的文化运动。
ESP8266-DevKitC 开发板入门指南说明书
ESP8266-DevKitCGetting Started GuideVersion 1.0Espressif SystemsCopyright © 2018About This Guide This user guide shows how to get started with ESP8266-DevKitC development board. Release NotesDate Version Release notes2018.09V1.0Initial release.Documentation Change NotificationEspressif provides email notifications to keep customers updated on changes totechnical documentation. Please subscribe here.CertificationDownload certificates for Espressif products from here.Tables of Contents ................................................................................................................................ 1.Overview 1.......................................................................................................... 2.Functional Description 2...................................................................................................... 3.Application Development 4................................................................................................................3.1.Hardware Preparation 4....................................................................................................................3.2.Software Compiling 4..............................................................................................................3.3.Firmware Downloading 4................................................................................................................. 4.Board Dimensions 5........................................................................................... A.Appendix—Learning Resources 6A.1.Must-Read Documents 6..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................A.2.Must-Have Resources 71. Overview 1.OverviewESP8266-DevKitC is a small-sized ESP8266-based development board produced byEspressif. All of the I/O pins of the module are broken out to the female pin headers onboth sides of the board for easy interfacing. Developers can connect these pins toperipherals as needed.The board supports various ESP8266 modules, including ESP-WROOM-02D and ESP-WROOM-02U. For details about ordering codes, please see Table 1-1 below:Table 1-1. Ordering InformationOrdering code Module on boardESP8266-DevKitC-02D-F ESP-WROOM-02DESP8266-DevKitC-02U-F ESP-WROOM-02U2. Functional Description 2.Functional Description Figure 2-1. ESP8266-DevKitC The following list describes key components, interfaces and controls of ESP8266-DevKitC development board: •5V to 3.3V LDO A LDO regulator with a maximum current output of 800 mA, which provides power supply for ESP8266 module and user’s peripherals. •Dial Switch A dial switch used for switching between Auto Download and Flow Control -Bit1=OFF , Bit2=ON (Auto Download ) -Bit1=ON, Bit2=OFF (Flow Control ) •USBtoUART Bridge A single chip USB-UART bridge provides up to 3 Mbps transfers rates.⚠ Notice: Bit1 and Bit2 cannot be set to ON at the same time.2. Functional Description •Boot ButtonDownload button. Holding down the Boot button and pressing the EN button initiates the firmware download mode. Then users can download firmware through the serial port.•Micro USB PortUSB interface. It functions as the power supply for the board and the communication interface between PC and the board.•EN ButtonReset button. Pressing this button resets the system.•I/O ConnectorAll of the pins on the ESP8266 module are broken out to the female pin headers on the board. Users can program ESP8266 to enable multiple functions. For details, please refer to ESP8266EX Datasheet.3. Application Development 3.Application Development 3.1.Hardware Preparation• 1 x ESP8266-DevKitC development board• 1 x USB A / micro USB cable• 1 x PC loaded with Windows, Linux or Mac OS3.2.Software CompilingFor step-by-step introductions, please refer to ESP8266 Quick Start Guide.3.3.Firmware DownloadingFor step-by-step introductions, please refer to ESP8266 Quick Start Guide.4. Board Dimensions 4.Board DimensionsFigure 4-1. Board DimensionsA.Appendix—LearningResources A.1.Must-Read Documents•ESP8266 Quick Start GuideDescription: This document is a quick user guide to getting started with ESP8266. Itincludes an introduction to the ESP-LAUNCHER, how to download firmware on to theboard and run it, how to compile the AT application, structure and the debuggingmethod of RTOS SDK. Basic documentation and other related resources for theESP8266 are also provided.•ESP8266 SDK Getting Started GuideDescription: This document takes ESP-LAUNCHER and ESP-WROOM-02 as examplesto introduce how to use ESP8266 SDK. The contents include preparations beforecompilation, SDK compilation and firmware download.•ESP-WROOM-02 PCB Design and Module Placement GuideDescription: The ESP-WROOM-02 module is designed to be soldered to a host PCB.This document compares six different placements of the antenna on a host board andprovides notes on designing PCB.•ESP8266 Hardware ResourcesDescription: This zip package includes manufacturing specifications of the ESP8266board and the modules, manufacturing BOM and schematics.•ESP8266 AT Command ExamplesDescription: This document introduces some specific examples of using Espressif ATcommands, including single connection as a TCP Client, UDP transmission andtransparent transmission, and multiple connection as a TCP server.•ESP8266 AT Instruction SetDescription: This document provides lists of AT commands based onESP8266_NONOS_SDK, including user-defined AT commands, basic AT commands,Wi-Fi AT commands and TCP/IP-related AT commands. It also introduces thedownloading of AT firmware into flash.•TCP/UDP UART Passthrough Test DemonstrationDescription: This guide is intended to help users run a TCP & UDP passthrough test onthe ESP8266 IoT platform.•FAQA.2.Must-Have Resources•ESP8266 SDKsDescription: This website page provides links to the latest version of ESP8266 SDK andthe older ones.•ESP8266 ToolsDescription: This website page provides links to the ESP8266 flash download tools andESP8266 performance evaluation tools.•ESP8266 App•ESP8266 Certification and Test Guide•ESP8266 BBS•ESP8266 ResourcesDisclaimer and Copyright NoticeInformation in this document, including URL references, is subject to change without notice.THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED AS IS WITH NO WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER,INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY , NON-INFRINGEMENT, FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR ANY WARRANTY OTHERWISE ARISING OUT OF ANY PROPOSAL, SPECIFICATION OR SAMPLE.All liability, including liability for infringement of any proprietary rights, relating to use of information in this document is disclaimed. No licenses express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights are granted herein.The Wi-Fi Alliance Member logo is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance. The Bluetooth logo is a registered trademark of Bluetooth SIG.All trade names, trademarks and registered trademarks mentioned in this document are property of their respective owners, and are hereby acknowledged. Copyright © 2018 Espressif Inc. All rights reserved.Espressif IoT Team。
《Python程序设计》习题与答案python教材答案
《Python程序设计》习题与参考答案第1章基础知识1、1 简单说明如何选择正确的Python版本。
答:在选择Python的时候,一定要先考虑清楚自己学习Python的目的就是什么,打算做哪方面的开发,有哪些扩展库可用,这些扩展库最高支持哪个版本的Python,就是Python 2、x还就是Python 3、x,最高支持到Python 2、7、6还就是Python 2、7、9。
这些问题都确定以后,再做出自己的选择,这样才能事半功倍,而不至于把大量时间浪费在Python的反复安装与卸载上。
同时还应该注意,当更新的Python版本推出之后,不要急于更新,而就是应该等确定自己所必须使用的扩展库也推出了较新版本之后再进行更新。
尽管如此,Python 3毕竟就是大势所趋,如果您暂时还没想到要做什么行业领域的应用开发,或者仅仅就是为了尝试一种新的、好玩的语言,那么请毫不犹豫地选择Python 3、x系列的最高版本(目前就是Python 3、4、3)。
1、2 为什么说Python采用的就是基于值的内存管理模式？答:Python采用的就是基于值的内存管理方式,如果为不同变量赋值相同值,则在内存中只有一份该值,多个变量指向同一块内存地址,例如下面的代码。
>>> x = 3>>> id(x)>>> y = 3>>> id(y)>>> y = 5>>> id(y)>>> id(x)1、3 在Python中导入模块中的对象有哪几种方式？答:常用的有三种方式,分别为import 模块名[as 别名]●from 模块名import 对象名[ as 别名]●from math import *1、4 使用pip命令安装numpy、scipy模块。
答:在命令提示符环境下执行下面的命令:pip install numpypip install scipy1、5 编写程序,用户输入一个三位以上的整数,输出其百位以上的数字。
药学英语单词词根
药学英语单词词根药学英语单词词根药学是一门涉及药物制备、药物分析、临床用药、药理学、药物治疗学等多领域的综合性学科。
由于其涉及的领域广泛，因此药学相关的英语词汇也十分丰富。
以下是一些常见的药学英语单词词根，这些词根可以帮助我们更好地理解药学相关的英文词汇。
1、-pharma: 这个词根意为“药物”，常出现在与药学相关的词汇中，如 pharmaceutical (制药的)， pharmacology (药理学)，pharmacist (药剂师)， pharmacal (草药)等。
2、-cyte: 这个词根意为“细胞”，常出现在与细胞相关的词汇中，如 leukocyte (白细胞)， erythrocyte (红细胞)， platelet (血小板)等。
3、-gen: 这个词根意为“产生”，常出现在与产生相关的词汇中，如发电机 (electric generator)， nitrogen generator (氮气发生器)等。
4、-sis: 这个词根意为“状态”，常出现在与疾病相关的词汇中，如insomnia (失眠症)， diabetes (糖尿病)等。
5、-uria: 这个词根意为“尿”，常出现在与泌尿系统相关的词汇中，如 urinalysis (尿液分析)， urosepsis (尿毒症)等。
6、-algia: 这个词根意为“痛”，常出现在与疼痛相关的词汇中，如neuralgia (神经痛)， arthritis (关节炎)等。
7、-therapy: 这个词根意为“治疗”，常出现在与治疗相关的词汇中，如 chemotherapy (化学治疗)， radiotherapy (放射治疗)等。
8、-ectomy: 这个词根意为“切除”，常出现在与手术相关的词汇中，如 appendectomy (阑尾切除术)， nephrectomy (肾切除)等。
9、-cardia: 这个词根意为“心脏”，常出现在与心脏相关的词汇中，如 myocardia (心肌炎)， arrhythmia (心律失常)等。
DCG综合介绍
基于DCG综合的布线拥塞的优化一、相关名词 (1)●Congestion，堵塞率 (1)●Hot spot (1)●DCT，DC Topographical (1)●DCG，DC Graphical (2)●SPG (2)二、堵塞问题产生 (3)●原因 (3)●危害 (3)●解决 (3)三、DCG综合效果及原理 (4)●原理 (4)●使用范围 (4)●优化方式 (4)●优化效果 (5)四、流程及环境 (7)●流程 (7)●环境 (7)一、相关名词●Congestion，堵塞率衡量在指定的空间内可布线的程度●Hot spot拥挤热点，过分拥挤的点或者区域，因synopsys使用红色表示布线高密度的点得名。
●DCT，DC Topographical基于物理信息综合●DCG，DC GraphicalDCT+SPG，compile_ultra -spg，基于解决布线拥堵问题的DC模式，之前为-congestion ●SPGSynopsys Physical Guidance二、堵塞问题产生●原因当布线设计的空间超过可用资源时，布线拥塞开始发生。
随着更多的门挤到一个芯片中，导致拥塞加剧，使得它很难进行布线设计。
●危害1、设计周期的延长2、设计难度的增加3、时序违反的增大●解决1、平面布局优化布线拥堵与平面布局有一定的关系，比如IP的位置，port的位置。
这些信息是不能再综合阶段进行优化的，只能通过初步的布局才能得到较好的结果。
2、其他后端手段改变目标门利用率，加入缓冲带等。
费时，费力，容易造成延误。
3、采用DCG综合效果最好，节省时间。
三、DCG综合效果及原理●原理包含virtual global-routing虚拟布局布线技术，可以使得设计者在RTL综合期间预测布线拥堵，此技术允许设计者定位并解决设计中的问题，去减少布线拥堵，消除综合和后端实现中代价较高的迭代，以完成设计并加快布局布线的过程。
DCG综合提供了一个自动的方法去优化RTL以达到减小拥堵的目的，它执行特殊的优化去生成一种布局友好的网表结构。
英语教育教研室活动记录(3篇)
第1篇Date: [Insert Date]Location: [Insert Location]Time: [Insert Time]Attendees: [List of Attendees]Facilitator: [Name of Facilitator]Objective: To discuss recent trends in English language teaching, share best practices, and plan for upcoming projects and initiatives.---I. IntroductionThe English Education Research and Teaching Department held its monthly meeting on [Insert Date] at [Insert Location]. The meeting began promptly at [Insert Time] with a brief welcome from the department head, [Name of Department Head], who emphasized the importance ofcollaboration and continuous improvement in our teaching practices.II. Agenda Items1. Opening Remarks- [Name of Department Head] welcomed everyone and highlighted the need for ongoing professional development in English language teaching. He also mentioned the department's commitment to fostering a culture of research and innovation.2. Recent Trends in English Language Teaching- A presentation was given by [Name of Presenter] on the latest trends in English language teaching, including the increasing importance of technology in the classroom, the rise of flipped classrooms, and the integration of project-based learning.- The presentation was followed by a lively discussion where participants shared their experiences and challenges in implementing these trends in their own teaching.3. Best Practices Sharing- [Name of Presenter] shared some of the best practices they have encountered in their teaching, such as the use of authentic materials, formative assessments, and student-centered learning activities.- Attendees contributed their own insights and experiences, creatinga rich exchange of ideas.4. Departmental Projects and Initiatives- The department head presented the upcoming projects and initiatives, including a new course on English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and a research project on the effectiveness of technology in language learning.- Attendees were encouraged to volunteer for these projects and offered their input on how to make them successful.5. Feedback and Suggestions- A brief survey was conducted to gather feedback on the current teaching methods and resources used in the department. Attendees were also asked to suggest improvements and additional resources they would find helpful.- The survey results were compiled and will be used to inform future departmental decisions.6. Closing Remarks- [Name of Department Head] concluded the meeting by thanking everyone for their participation and contributions. He reminded the team of the department's mission to provide high-quality English language education and encouraged continued collaboration and support.III. Minutes of the Meeting1. Opening Remarks- [Name of Department Head] welcomed the team and emphasized the importance of professional development and research in our field.2. Recent Trends in English Language Teaching- [Name of Presenter] discussed the impact of technology, flipped classrooms, and project-based learning on English language teaching.- Discussion points included:- Challenges in integrating technology in the classroom- Benefits of flipped classrooms for student engagement- The role of project-based learning in developing 21st-century skills3. Best Practices Sharing- [Name of Presenter] shared strategies for using authentic materials, formative assessments, and student-centered activities.- Attendees shared their experiences and suggestions, including:- Incorporating local culture into lesson plans- Using peer assessment to enhance learning- Encouraging student reflection and metacognition4. Departmental Projects and Initiatives- The department head outlined the new ESP course and researchproject on technology in language learning.- Volunteers were sought for both projects, and suggestions forproject implementation were welcomed.5. Feedback and Suggestions- A survey was distributed to gather feedback on current teaching methods and resources.- Suggestions included:- Access to more diverse teaching materials- Professional development workshops on specific teaching techniques- Regular sharing of best practices among faculty6. Closing Remarks- [Name of Department Head] thanked everyone for their participation and encouraged ongoing collaboration and support.IV. Action Items- [Name of Presenter] will compile the survey results and present them at the next meeting.- [Name of Volunteer 1] will assist with the development of the ESP course.- [Name of Volunteer 2] will coordinate the research project on technology in language learning.- The department will schedule a follow-up meeting to discuss the survey results and further plan for upcoming projects.V. AdjournmentThe meeting concluded at [Insert Time], with attendees expressing their appreciation for the opportunity to engage in meaningful discussions and collaborative planning. The English Education Research and Teaching Department looks forward to continued growth and success in the upcoming academic year.第2篇Date: March 15, 2023Time: 9:00 AM - 5:00 PMLocation: Main Building, Room 312Participants: Dr. Jane Smith (Head), Mr. John Doe (Deputy Head), Mrs. Emily Johnson (Senior Lecturer), Mr. Mark Brown (Junior Lecturer), Ms. Sarah Lee (Teaching Assistant), and 15 faculty membersActivity Overview:The English Education Research and Teaching Office (EERTO) held a comprehensive meeting on March 15, 2023, to discuss ongoing projects, review current teaching methods, and plan for future initiatives. The meeting aimed to enhance the quality of English language education at our institution and ensure that our students receive a well-rounded and effective learning experience.Agenda Items:1. Opening Remarks2. Ongoing Projects and Research Updates3. Teaching Methodology Review4. Student Feedback and Assessment5. Professional Development Opportunities6. Closing Remarks1. Opening RemarksThe meeting commenced with a welcoming address by Dr. Jane Smith, the Head of the EERTO. She highlighted the importance of continuous improvement in English language education and expressed her gratitude to all participants for their dedication and commitment to the field.2. Ongoing Projects and Research UpdatesMr. John Doe, the Deputy Head of the EERTO, presented updates on the ongoing projects. The following were discussed:- Project A: A pilot program aimed at integrating technology into English language classrooms. The project is currently in its second phase, with initial results showing positive outcomes.- Project B: A research study on the effectiveness of flipped classrooms in English language learning. The study is expected to be completed by the end of the academic year.- Project C: A collaboration with local schools to provide English language training to underprivileged children. The project has received overwhelming support and is set to expand its reach.3. Teaching Methodology ReviewMrs. Emily Johnson led a discussion on the current teaching methods employed in the department. The following points were addressed:- Incorporating Technology: The need to integrate more technology into teaching was emphasized, with a focus on interactive tools and resources that can engage students.- Differentiated Instruction: The importance of catering to the diverse needs of students was highlighted, with suggestions for implementing differentiated instruction strategies.- Oral Communication Skills: The need for more emphasis on oral communication skills was discussed, with recommendations for incorporating more speaking and listening activities into the curriculum.4. Student Feedback and AssessmentMr. Mark Brown presented the results of the recent student feedback survey. Key findings included:- Students appreciated the use of technology in the classroom but felt that more opportunities for interactive learning were needed.- The majority of students felt confident in their reading and writing skills but expressed a need for more practice in speaking and listening.- Assessment methods were generally well-received, but there was a call for more formative assessments to provide ongoing feedback.5. Professional Development OpportunitiesMs. Sarah Lee discussed various professional development opportunities available to faculty members, including workshops, conferences, and online courses. She encouraged everyone to take advantage of these resources to enhance their teaching skills and knowledge.6. Closing RemarksDr. Jane Smith concluded the meeting by summarizing the key points discussed and outlining the next steps for each agenda item. She emphasized the importance of collaboration and teamwork in achieving our goals and expressed her confidence in the team's ability to makepositive changes in English language education.Action Items:- Mr. John Doe will finalize the project timelines and ensure that all milestones are met.- Mrs. Emily Johnson will compile a list of recommended teaching resources and present it to the faculty for review.- Mr. Mark Brown will work with the teaching assistants to implement more formative assessments in the classroom.- Ms. Sarah Lee will organize a professional development workshop for faculty members in the upcoming month.Conclusion:The English Education Research and Teaching Office meeting of March 15, 2023, was a productive and insightful session that highlighted the commitment of the department to continuous improvement in English language education. The collaborative spirit and dedication of the faculty members were evident throughout the meeting, and the outlined action items will serve as a roadmap for enhancing the quality of teaching and learning at our institution.第3篇Date: March 15, 2023Time: 10:00 AM - 4:00 PMLocation: Main Conference Room, English Education BuildingAttendees:- Dr. Emily Johnson, Department Head- Mr. John Smith, Assistant Professor- Ms. Lisa Wang, Adjunct Professor- Ms. Sarah Lee, Senior Lecturer- Mr. Michael Chen, Junior Lecturer- Ms. Lucy Brown, Teaching Assistant- Mr. David Wang, Administrative AssistantObjective:The primary objective of this meeting was to discuss the current state of English education at our institution, review upcoming projects, and plan for the upcoming academic year.Agenda:1. Opening Remarks- Dr. Emily Johnson, Department Head- Welcome and overview of the meeting objectives2. Current State of English Education- Mr. John Smith, Assistant Professor- Presentation on the latest trends in English language teaching and learning3. Review of Upcoming Projects- Ms. Lisa Wang, Adjunct Professor- Discussion on the development of a new English proficiency test for incoming students4. Student Feedback and Improvement Initiatives- Ms. Sarah Lee, Senior Lecturer- Presentation on recent student feedback and proposed improvements5. Technology Integration in English Education- Mr. Michael Chen, Junior Lecturer- Presentation on new technologies and their potential impact on teaching and learning6. Departmental Collaboration and Exchange Programs- Ms. Lucy Brown, Teaching Assistant- Overview of ongoing collaboration with international universities and proposed new exchange programs7. Resource Allocation and Budget Planning- Mr. David Wang, Administrative Assistant- Discussion on departmental budget allocation for the upcoming academic year8. Closing Remarks- Dr. Emily Johnson, Department Head- Summarization of key points and next stepsMinutes of the Meeting:1. Opening RemarksDr. Johnson welcomed all attendees and emphasized the importance of this meeting in ensuring the continuous improvement of English education at our institution. She highlighted the need to stay updated with the latest trends and technologies in the field.2. Current State of English EducationMr. Smith presented a comprehensive overview of the current trends in English language teaching and learning, including the increasing emphasis on communicative competence, the integration of technology, and the importance of personalized learning. He also discussed the challenges faced by educators in adapting to these changes.3. Review of Upcoming ProjectsMs. Wang informed the department about the development of a new English proficiency test designed to assess the language skills of incoming students more effectively. She emphasized the need for collaboration between the department and other relevant units on campus.4. Student Feedback and Improvement InitiativesMs. Lee presented the findings from the recent student feedback survey, highlighting areas of strength and areas for improvement. She proposed several initiatives, including the introduction of more interactive teaching methods and the provision of additional language support for students.5. Technology Integration in English EducationMr. Chen discussed the potential of new technologies such as AI-powered language learning platforms and virtual reality to enhance the learning experience. He suggested a pilot program to test these technologies in select courses.6. Departmental Collaboration and Exchange ProgramsMs. Brown provided an update on the department's ongoing collaborations with international universities and outlined the proposed new exchange programs. She emphasized the importance of these programs in providing students with a global perspective.7. Resource Allocation and Budget PlanningMr. Wang presented the departmental budget for the upcoming academic year, highlighting the areas where resources would be allocated. Heencouraged department members to submit proposals for additional funding to support new projects and initiatives.8. Closing RemarksDr. Johnson summarized the key points discussed during the meeting and outlined the next steps. She encouraged department members to stay engaged and proactive in their roles to ensure the success of our educational programs.Next Steps:- Mr. Smith will prepare a detailed report on the latest trends in English language teaching and learning for distribution to all department members.- Ms. Wang will coordinate with other units on campus to finalize the new English proficiency test.- Ms. Lee will develop a plan for implementing the proposed improvement initiatives based on student feedback.- Mr. Chen will initiate the pilot program for integrating new technologies into English education.- Ms. Brown will continue to explore new collaboration and exchange opportunities with international universities.- Mr. Wang will provide updates on the departmental budget and resource allocation.End of MeetingAdjournment: 4:00 PM。
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算符优先关系的使用
分析例：id
+ id * id
想象：在输入符号串中存在优先关系符号，
形成一组以 ≮为左端，以≡在中间，以≯为 右端的归约对象——素短语。 # ≮ id ≯ + ≮ id ≯ * ≮ id ≯ # 对短语进行归约后再次插入优先符 # ≮ E + ≮ E * E ≯ # # ≮ E + E ≯ # # E #
+ 的优先级低于 * ( 的优先级等于 ) + 的优先级高于 +
方法：
将句型中的终结符号当作“算符”，借助
于算符符之间的优先关系确定句柄。
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算术表达式文法的再分析
E→E+E
E→E-E
从如何去掉二义性的看对 算符优先级的利用
E→E*E
E→E/E
句型的特征：
E→(E)
E E E E E
→ → → → →
id id id E * E E + E
算符优先关系表
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算符优先关系的确定
对于任何符号X和Y，它们具有栈内优 先级和栈外优先级： 若X的(栈内优先级)优先级高于Y( 的栈外优先级)，则X≯Y
若X和Y运算优先级相同，且具有左
结合性，则(栈内)X≯(栈外)Y;若 具右结合性，则(栈内)X≮(栈外)Y
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回忆几个概念
如果Ｓ* α Ａβ and A+γ ，则称γ 是句型 α γ β 的相对于变量A的短语 如果Ｓ* α Ａβ and Aγ ，则称γ 是句型 α γ β 的相对于变量A的直接（简单）短语 最左直接短语叫做句柄(Handle)
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回忆几个概念
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对文法E→E+E|E-E|E*E|E/E|(E)|id
+
≯ ≯ ≯ ≯ ≮ ≯ ≯ ≮
*
≮ ≮ ≯ ≯ ≮ ≯ ≯ ≮
/
≮ ≮ ≯ ≯ ≮ ≯ ≯ ≮
(
≮ ≮ ≮ ≮ ≮
)
≯ ≯ ≯ ≯ ≡ ≯ ≯ ≮
id
≮ ≮ ≮ ≮ ≮
#
≯ ≯ ≯ ≯
≯ ≯
+ * / ( ) id #
分析设想——移进归约
系统运行： 开始状态：栈：#；输入缓冲区：w# 存放已经分析出来的结果和并将读入 的符号送入栈，一旦句柄在栈顶形成 ，就将其弹出进行归约，并将结果压 入栈 正常结束: 栈中为 #S，输入缓冲区 只有 #
11
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输出结果表示： 用产生式序列表示语法分析树
E → id
E → id E →id E → E * E E → E + E
E E E E E
id
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+
id
*
id
12
动作
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12)
# id1+id2*id3# 例4-11分析过程 移进 #id1 +id2*id3# E 归约 E→id #E +id2*id3# 移进 #E+ id2*id3# 移进 #E+id2 *id3# E 归约 E→id #E+E *id3# 移进 #E+E* id3# E E 移进 #E+E*id3 # E 归约 E→id #E+E*E # 归约 E→E*E #E+E # 归约 E→E+E #E # id + id * id 接受
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栈
输入缓冲区
分析器的四种动作
1) 移进：将下一输入符号移入栈 2) 归约：用产生式左侧的非终结符替换栈 顶的句柄 3) 接受：分析成功 4) 出错：出错处理 ？？决定移进和归约的依据是什么—回头看 是否可以找到答案
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移进归约分析中的问题
26
素短语与最左素短语
设句型的一般形式为(Ni ∈VN∪{ε },ai ∈VT #N1a1 N2a2… Nnan # 它的最左素短语是满足下列条件的最左子串 Niai Ni+1ai+1… Njaj Nj+1 其中：ai-1≮ai,,， ai≡ai+1≡…≡aj-1≡aj ， aj≯aj+1
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4.6 自底向上分析
思想 从输入串出发，反复利用产生式进行归约，
如果最后能得到文法的开始符号，则输入串 是句子，否则输入串有语法错误。
核心
寻找句型中的“句柄”进行归约,用不同的
方法寻找句柄，就可获得不同的分析方法
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回忆几个概念
最左推导(Left-most
Derive) 每次推导都施加在句型的最左边的 语法变量上。——与最右归约对应 最右推导(Right-most Derive) 每次推导都施加在句型的最右边的 语法变量上。——与最左归约（规范 归约）对应，得规范句型
算符优先分析法的要点
算符优先函数f:：a∈VT， f(a)为一个数 相应的算法思想 优先级的比较变成数的比较 算符优先函数的构造方法
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简单算符优先分析法小结
优点
简单、效率高
能够处理部分二义性文法
缺点
文法书写限制大 占用内存空间大 不规范、存在查不到的语法错误
α Ａβ and A+γ ，γ 至少含一个 终结符，且不含更小的含终结符的短语 则称γ 是句型α γ β 的相对于变量A的素 短语
Ｓ*
句型的至少含一个终结符且不含其它 素短语(Prime Phrase)的短语
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例：
E→T+E|T T→F*T|F F→(E)|id 句型 T+T*F+i 的短语有 T*F i T*F+i T+T*F+i 其中的素短语为 T*F i T*F为最左素短语，是被归约的对象 ？按照文法E→E+E|E*E|(E)|id ， 求i+E*i+i的短语和素短语
1) 移进归约冲突 例4-11中的 6)可以移进 * 或按产生式 E→E+E归约 2) 归约归约冲突 存在两个可用的产生式 各种分析方法处理冲突的方法不同
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15
4.7 简单算符优先分析法
算术表达式分析的启示
算符优先关系的直观意义
+ ( +
≮ * ≡ ) ≯ +
系统框架 输入缓冲区：保存输入符号串
控制程序：控制分析过程，输出分析
结果——产生式序列 栈：保存语法符号—已经得到的部分 结果
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上次课主要内容
LL(1)分析法 变形——状态矩阵法 自底向上分析思想 自底向上分析核心问题 自底向上分析设想
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算符优先文法
设G=（V，T，P，S）为OG，如果 a,b∈VT, a≡b,a≮b,a≯b 至多有一个成 立，则称之为算符优先文法(OPG — Operator Precedence Grammar) 任意两个终结符之间至多有一种优先关 系，则称为算符优先文法。
——在无ε 产生式的算符文法Ｇ中，如果
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上次课主要内容
分析器结构 移进、归约操作与冲突 用产生式序列表示语法树 算符文法（ A→αBCβ ） 算符优先级与算符优先文法 希望：用算符优先关系确定归约对象— —最左素短语
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素短语与最左素短语
什么是短语？当前我们要找什么样的 短语？——至少有一个算符
E→id
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(E+E)*(E-E)/E/E+E*E*E
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算符文法
如果文法G=（
VN，VT，P，S）中不存在形如 A→αBCβ
的产自底向上分析思想生式，则称之为算符文法 (OG —Operator Grammar)
即：如果文法 Ｇ 中不存在具有相邻非终结符的
产生式，则称为算符文法。
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20
例 4-12：表达式文法的算符优先关系
E → E + E
｜ E - E ｜ E * E ｜ E / E ｜ E↑E
存在优先级
+ ≮ * id ≯ + + ≮ id id ≯ #
* ≯ + id ≯ * * ≮ id # ≮ id
｜ ( E )
｜ id
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A→X1X2…Xn
如果XiXi+1∈VT则：
Xi≡Xi+1 如果XiXi+1Xi+2∈VTVNVT则：Xi≡Xi+2 如果XiXi+1∈VTVN则： a∈FIRSTop(Xi+1)，Xi≮a 如果XiXi+1∈VNVT则：a∈LASTop(Xi) ， a≯Xi+1
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规范归约(另一表达)：设α
为文法
G 的句子，如果 1) α =α nα 0-1…α 2α 1=Ｓ 2)对每个i(1≤i≤n)，α i-1是将句型 α i中的句柄归约后得到的句型 则称序列 α n，...，α 1为α 的规范 归约序列—由规范归约组成，
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一个简单的归约过程
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E