ACT-English 第二章. 第五讲

第五讲非谓语动词

PART I 方法论

非谓语动词是指在句子中充当除谓语以外其他句子成分的动词形式。ACT-English中对于非谓语动词考察侧重于非谓语作状语、定语以及主语。因此本讲重点讲解非谓语以上三个方面的用法。对于非谓语动词的概念及形式可交叉参考句子结构p.1。

考点分类：非谓语作状语、定语、主语。具体考点解析如下：

1.非谓语作状语

非谓语动词作状语的情况，通常是指非谓短语放在句首，表示时间、原因、方式、条件、目的等，句式结构为：doing/done/to do/to be done…, SVO。非谓语的逻辑主语是句子的主语。逻辑主语指非谓语动词逻辑上的动作发出者或接受者即其逻辑主语。

此类题解题思路如下：判断doing/done/to do短语和句子主语的关系，其中doing…短语与主语之间是主动关系，done…短语与主语之间是被动关系，不定式短语表示目的，to do…短语表示主动意义，to be done…表示被动意义。

ACT-English考题形式见例题：

例题1：Looking at a person’s profile photo, we develop first impressions that frame the rest of what we see and read.

A.NO CHANGE

B.first impressions are developed to frame the rest of what we see and read.

C.the rest of what we see and read is the first impressions that we develop.

D.developing first impressions that frame the rest of what we see and read.

答案：A

例题2：Envisioning as a manufacturing hub, the city is expected to house two million people when it's completed in 2040.

A.NO CHANGE

B.When the designer envisions it

C.To envision

D.Having envisioned

答案：B

例题3：She works in Yale’s Canine Cognition Center, challenging dogs with puzzle boxes that contain hidden treats.

A．NO CHANGE

B．Center challenging

C．Center, which challenges

D．Center to challenge

2.非谓语作定语

非谓语动词做定语修饰名词可放在名词前或名词后，与所修饰名词之间不需要加逗号，其作用与定语从句相同。

例如：

The man standing there looks handsome.

解析：主语：the man；stand there短语作定语修饰主语，与主语之间是主动关系；谓语：looks。同义句：The man who is standing there looks handsome.

The question answered by Xiao Ming is easy.

解析：主语：the question；answered by Xiao Ming短语作定语修饰主语，与主语之间是被动关系；谓语：is

同义句：The question which is answered by Xiao Ming is easy.

The interesting story inspired me to read another book by the same writer.

解析：主语：the story；interesting作定语修饰主语，与主语之间是主动关系；谓语：inspired

ACT-English考题形式见例题：

例题：

During orbit, she performed experiments involved life sciences, material sciences, and bone cell research.

F．NO CHANGE

G．t o involve

H．i nvolving

J．having involved

答案：H

3.非谓语动词作主语

除过去分词之外，其他非谓语动词形式通常都可用作主语。

例如：Playing basketball is good for your health.句子主语为Playing basketball短语。

To help others can make you obtain a lot.句子主语为To help others短语。

ACT-English考题形式见例题：

例题：

Understanding which expectations come online automatically can shed light on the evolutionary backstory of children’s expectations about these cues.”

A.NO CHANGE

B.Having understood

C.Understand

D.The understanding of

答案：A

PART II实战演练

1.Paul Graham discovered photography as an English college student in the nineteen-seventies,

studied microbiology at the University of Bristol.