ACT-English 第二章. 第五讲

第五讲非谓语动词
PART I 方法论
非谓语动词是指在句子中充当除谓语以外其他句子成分的动词形式。

ACT-English中对于非谓语动词考察侧重于非谓语作状语、定语以及主语。

因此本讲重点讲解非谓语以上三个方面的用法。

对于非谓语动词的概念及形式可交叉参考句子结构p.1。

考点分类：非谓语作状语、定语、主语。

具体考点解析如下：
1.非谓语作状语
非谓语动词作状语的情况，通常是指非谓短语放在句首，表示时间、原因、方式、条件、目的等，句式结构为：doing/done/to do/to be done…, SVO。

非谓语的逻辑主语是句子的主语。

逻辑主语指非谓语动词逻辑上的动作发出者或接受者即其逻辑主语。

此类题解题思路如下：判断doing/done/to do短语和句子主语的关系，其中doing…短语与主语之间是主动关系，done…短语与主语之间是被动关系，不定式短语表示目的，to do…短语表示主动意义，to be done…表示被动意义。

ACT-English考题形式见例题：
例题1：Looking at a person’s profile photo, we develop first impressions that frame the rest of what we see and read.
A.NO CHANGE
B.first impressions are developed to frame the rest of what we see and read.
C.the rest of what we see and read is the first impressions that we develop.
D.developing first impressions that frame the rest of what we see and read.
答案：A
例题2：Envisioning as a manufacturing hub, the city is expected to house two million people when it's completed in 2040.
A.NO CHANGE
B.When the designer envisions it
C.To envision
D.Having envisioned
答案：B
例题3：She works in Yale’s Canine Cognition Center, challenging dogs with puzzle boxes that contain hidden treats.
A．NO CHANGE
B．Center challenging
C．Center, which challenges
D．Center to challenge
2.非谓语作定语
非谓语动词做定语修饰名词可放在名词前或名词后，与所修饰名词之间不需要加逗号，其作用与定语从句相同。

例如：
The man standing there looks handsome.
解析：主语：the man；stand there短语作定语修饰主语，与主语之间是主动关系；谓语：looks。

同义句：The man who is standing there looks handsome.
The question answered by Xiao Ming is easy.
解析：主语：the question；answered by Xiao Ming短语作定语修饰主语，与主语之间是被动关系；谓语：is
同义句：The question which is answered by Xiao Ming is easy.
The interesting story inspired me to read another book by the same writer.
解析：主语：the story；interesting作定语修饰主语，与主语之间是主动关系；谓语：inspired
ACT-English考题形式见例题：
例题：
During orbit, she performed experiments involved life sciences, material sciences, and bone cell research.
F．NO CHANGE
G．t o involve
H．i nvolving
J．having involved
答案：H
3.非谓语动词作主语
除过去分词之外，其他非谓语动词形式通常都可用作主语。

例如：Playing basketball is good for your health.句子主语为Playing basketball短语。

To help others can make you obtain a lot.句子主语为To help others短语。

ACT-English考题形式见例题：
例题：
Understanding which expectations come online automatically can shed light on the evolutionary backstory of children’s expectations about these cues.”
A.NO CHANGE
B.Having understood
C.Understand
D.The understanding of
答案：A
PART II实战演练
1.Paul Graham discovered photography as an English college student in the nineteen-seventies,
studied microbiology at the University of Bristol.
A.NO CHAGE
B.while he has studied
C.while studied
D.while studying
2.Looking across the whole genome, we find that on average, we are genetically similar to our friends.
F.NO CHANGE
G.the discovery is that we are genetically similar to our friends.
H.finding that on average, we are genetically similar to our friends.
J.Our friends are found to be genetically similar to us on average.
ing data from the Framingham Heart Study, the researchers were able to conduct what they say is the first genome-wide analysis correlating genotypes between friends.
A.NO CHANGE
B.The researchers’ abilities were to conduct what they say is the first genome-wide analysis
correlating genotypes between friends.
C.To conduct what they say is the first genome-wide analysis correlation genotypes between
friends depended on the researchers.
D.What they say is the first genome-wide analysis correlating genotypes between friends was
able to be conducted by the researchers.
4.While taking a snapshot of Mauna Kea, Hawaii's highest mountain, from Germany , Rosetta's camera OSIRIS is doing a great job at catching ever clearer glimpses of its similarly sized destination.
F．NO CHANGE
G．While takes a snapshot
H．While taken a snapshot
J.While took a snapshot
5.She joined the astronaut corps in 1978 as one of six first womenwere selected to join NASA.
A.NO CHANGE
B.was selected to
C.selected to
D.selecting to
6.In order to get an idea of what seems to be a very unique body, the observed image data can be interpolated to create a smoother shape.
F．NO CHANGE
G．for getting
H．to getting
J.that gets
7.His film career began in 1946,Fulci worked in a flop called The Thieves.
A. NO CHANGE
B. With a beginning
C. For his film career to begin
D. Beginning
8.In dealing with the country’s rapidly urbanizing population while also competing with China, new cities are built .
F．NO CHANGE
G．Modi decides to build new cities.
H．Modi’s decision is to buil d new cities.
J．building new cities is necessary.
9. They also found a surprising amount of misinformation and negative attitudes toward placebo effects based on facts.
A. NO CHANGE
B. effects. Based
C. effects; based
D. effects that based
10.Montemurro realized that he could quantify the amount of information encoded in word order by computing a text’s “entropy,” or a measure of how evenly distributed the words are.
F.NO CHANGE
G. information encoding
H. information was encoded
J. information that encoded
11.While working at the Boston Museum of Science,major improvements in planetarium was initiated by her.
A. NO CHANGE
B. While she worked
C. Having worked
D. She worked
12. Mary sketched out a final diagram of her new invention explaining how it worked and how much time it would save drivers
F. NO CHANGE
G. invention. Explaining
H. invention, that explain
J. invention, explaining
13. Her windshield wipers had rubber blades having attached to a spring-loaded arm.
A.NO CHANGE
B. were attached
C. attaching
D. attached
14. Afterthe graduation of high school in Boston in 1854, Pierpont, as he was known, studied in
Europe, where he learned French and German, and then returned to New York in 1857 to begin his finance career.
F.NO CHANGE
G. graduating from high school
H. he graduating from high school
J. graduated from high school
15. Growing up in a large, single-parent family, Jackie excelled early at all sports and learned to make his own way in life.
A. NO CHANGE
B. Grown up
C. He grew up
D. Grew up
16.From 1785 to 1788 he was minister to the Court of St. James's returning to be elected Vice President under George Washington.
F. NO CHANGE
G. St. James’s, returning to
H. St. James’s, who returned to
J. St. James’s, returned to
17. Weighing in at 110 carats, the size of the diamondis a golf ball and worth about a million dollars in its rough state.
A. NO CHANGE
B. specialists assume that it is the size of
C. the diamond is the size of
D. the weight of the diamond
18.Having been cut and polished, the diamond will be sold for about five times that amount.
F. NO CHANGE
G. the price of the diamond will be about five times that amount.
H. it is possible for the diamond to be sold for about five times that amount.
J. people will sell the diamond for about five times that amount.
19. For now, our bodies have trouble going where our minds have sent the probes.
A.NO CHANGE
B. trouble to go
C. trouble which goes
D. trouble gone
20. Rising 19,340 feet nearly 4 miles into the sky, people realized that Mount Kilimanjaro is the highest point on the entire African continent.
F. NO CHANGE
G. it became apparent that Mount Kilimanjaro is
H. Mount Kilimanjaro is
J. The height of Mount Kilimanjaro is
21. The war’s influence on designers was lasting, even some collections seen on the runway today were influenced by it .
A. NO CHANGE
B. even had an impact on some collections
C. even some collections seen on the runway being influenced.
D. even having an impact on some collections
22. To ensure that we maintain our Montana way of life, we should work together to keep our public lands public.
F. NO CHANGE
G. Ensuring that we maintain our Montana way of life,
H．We want to ensure that we maintain our Montana way of life,
J.Ourmaintenance to ensure our Montana way of life,
23. Formed more than 11, 000 years ago, the glaciers are a vital source of drinking and farming water for those who live in the surrounding areas.
A.NO CHANGE
B. A vital source of drinking and farming comes from the glaciers
C.Water for drinking and farming comes vitally from the glaciers
D.It is probably that the glaciers are a vital source of drinking and farming water
24. After making their choice, the preschoolers rated how confident they were that their choice was correct.
F. NO CHANGE
G. rating how confident they were that their choice was correct.
H. how confident they were that their choice was correct is rated by the preschoolers.
J. the choice was correct that the preschoolers felt.
25. They were also more confident about images they’d seen twice, which suggested that they could distinguish between stronger and weaker memories
A. NO CHANGE
B. images they’d seen twice suggesting
C. images they’d seen twice, who suggested
D. images they’d seen twice, suggesting
26.Displayed the same kind of metacognitive capability on individual responses, the data showed that 3-year-olds who had scored well reported higher confidence overall than kids who hadn’t scored as well.
F. NO CHANGE
G. Displaying the same kind of metacognitive capability on individual responses
H. Although 3-year-olds didn’t displa y the same kind of metacognitive capability on individual responses,
J. Although we knew that 3-year-olds didn’t display the same kind of metacognitive capability on individual responses,
27. They were cut and polished, disappearing into the legal supply, sold like any other gem to consumers who had no idea they'd been paid for originally in blood.
A. NO CHANGE
B. cut and polished, disappeared
C. cut, polished, disappeared
D. cutting and polishing, disappearing
28.On her way to becoming one of the most important businesswomen in America, Sarah Breedlove Walker’s transcending of poverty, illiteracy, and prejudice.
F.NO CHANGE
G.Sarah Breedlove Walker transcended poverty, illiteracy, and prejudice.
H. the transcending of poverty, illiteracy, and prejudice by Sarah Breedlove Walker.
J. the transcendent Sarah Breedlove Walker who met poverty, illiteracy, and prejudice.
29. Tamil cinema’s new wave was more a result of filmmakers going back to their roots in the villages and telling stories of their land, far away from the culture of studios or sets.
A. NO CHANGE
B. filmmakers, going
C.filmmakers who went
D.filmmakers to go
swarm of grasshoppers.
F．NO CHANGE
G. hovered over
H. which hovering over
J. was hovered over
PART III 演练解析
2.答案：F。