中国文化与汉英翻译(自谦)
中国传统文化词汇中英互译
中国传统文化词汇中英互译1. 元宵节： Lantern Festival2. 刺绣：embroidery3. 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival4. 清明节：Tomb sweeping day5. 剪纸：Paper Cutting6. 书法：Calligraphy7. 对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets8. 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters9. 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow10. 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle11. 战国：Warring States12. 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen13. 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl14. 函授部：The Correspondence Department15. 集体舞：Group Dance16. 黄土高原：Loess Plateau17. 红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals18. 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day19. 结婚证：Marriage Certificate20. 儒家文化：Confucian Culture21. 附属学校：Affiliated school22. 古装片：Costume Drama23. 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie24. 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)25. 一国两制：One Country, Two Systems26. 火锅：Hot Pot27. 四人帮：Gang of Four28. 《诗经》：The Book of Songs29. 素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education30. 《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian31. 大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement)32. 《西游记》：The Journey to the West33. 除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival34. 针灸：Acupuncture35. 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery36. 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics37. 偏旁：radical38. 孟子：Mencius39. 亭/阁： Pavilion/ Attic40. 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises41. 火药：gunpowder42. 农历：Lunar Calendar43. 印/玺：Seal/Stamp44. 物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization45. 京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera46. 秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera47. 太极拳：Tai Chi48. 独生子女证：The Certificate of One-child49. 天坛：Altar of Heaven in Beijing50. 小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand51. 红双喜：Double Happiness52. 政治辅导员：Political Counselor/School Counselor53. 春卷：Spring Roll(s)54. 莲藕：Lotus Root55. 追星族：Star Struck56. 故宫博物院：The Palace Museum57. 相声：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue58. 下岗：Lay off/Laid off59. 北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck60. 高等自学考试：Self-taught Examination of Higher Education61. 烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker62. 敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves63. 电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit64. 香港澳门同胞：Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao65. 文化大革命：Cultural Revolution66. 长江中下游地区：The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River67. 门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match68. 《水浒》：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh69. 中外合资企业：Joint Ventures70. 文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）："The Four Treasure of the Study" "Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone"71.兵马俑：cotta Warriors/ Terracotta Army72.旗袍：cheongsam翻译中的黄金词组一、政治类：1. 日益昌盛become increasingly prosperous2. 快速发展develop rapidly3. 隆重集会gather ceremoniously4. 热爱和平love peace5. 追求进步pursue progress6. 履行权利和义务perform the responsibilities and obligations7. 回顾奋斗历程review the course of struggle8. 展望伟大征程look into the great journey9. 充满信心和力量be filled with confidence and strength10. 必胜be bound to win11. 主张各国政府采取行动urge governments of all countries to takeaction12. 和平共处coexist peacefully13. 对内开放和对外开放open up both externally and internally14. 经历两个不同时期experience two different periods15. 战胜无数的困难overcome numerous difficulties16. 赢得一个又一个胜利win one victory after another17. 完全意识到be fully aware that18. 迈出重要的一步make an important step19. 采取各种措施adopt various measures20. 得出结论,告一段落draw ( arrive at, come to reach ) a conclusion21. 实现民族独立realize national independence22. 追求真理seek the truth23. 建立社会主义制度establish a socialist system24. 根除(防止,消除)腐败root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption25. 响应号召respond to the call26. 进入新时期enter a new period27. 实行新政策practice new policies28. 展现生机和活力display one’s vigor and vitality29. 增强综合国力enhance comprehensive(overall) national strength and和国际竟争力international competitiveness30. 进入世界先进行列edge into the advanced ranks in the world31. 解决温饱问题solve the problem of food and clothing32. 吸收各国文明的先进成果absorb what is advanced in other civilizations33. 与日俱增increase every day34. 实现夙愿fulfill the long-cherished wishes35. 必将实现be bound to come true36. 锻造一支人民军队forge a people’s army37. 建立巩固的国防build a strong national defense38. 进行和谈hold peace talks39. 修改法律amend the laws40. 在．．．中起（至关）play a major的(crucial, an important ) role in重要作用41. 对．．．做出重要(巨大)贡献make important (great, major )contributions to42. 遵循规则follow the principles43. 把理论和实际结合起来integrate theory with practice …44. 把．．．作为指导take… as the guide45. 缓和紧张状况ease the tension46. 高举伟大旗帜hold high the great banner47. 解决新问题resolve new problems48. 观察当今世界observe the present-day world49. 开拓前进open up new ways forward50. 增强凝聚力enhance the rally power51. 结束暴力，开始和平谈判end the violence and resume peace talks52. 进行战略性调整make strategic readjustment53. 开始生效go into effect / enter into force54. 就．．．接受妥协accept a compromise on55. 接受．．．的采访be interviewed by56. 把……看成社会公敌look upon … as a threat to society57. 把……捐给慈善机构donate …to charities58. 维护世界和平maintain world peace59. 摆脱贫穷落后get rid of poverty and backwardness60. 实现发展繁荣bring about development and prosperity61. 反对各种形式的恐怖主义be opposed to all forms of terrorism62. 宣布。
中国传统文化汉英翻译
中国传统文化汉英翻译
中国传统文化的核心价值观体现着人们对于道德伦理和社会道德的追求。
其中最重要的概念是“仁”，即“爱心”、“亲善”和“理解”。
中国传统文化强调个人和社会的和谐发展，要求每个人都应该关心他人，尊重他人的感受，并努力为社会做出贡献。
另外，中国传统文化还强调“孝”，即对于父母的孝顺和对于祖先的尊敬。
在中国传统文化中，孝敬父母被视为天职，是个人品德的重要表现，也是传递家族价值观的重要途径。
中国传统文化还以其众多的节日和习俗而闻名。
中国人民庆祝的传统节日包括春节、清明节、端午节、中秋节等。
春节是中国最重要的传统节日，它代表着新年的开始和祈求平安吉祥的愿望。
中国人民还有一些重要的习俗，如包饺子、赏花灯、舞龙舞狮等。
这些节日和习俗都承载着丰富的文化内涵，展示了中国人民对于健康、幸福和繁荣的向往。
中国传统文化近年来也受到了全球范围内的关注和研究。
越来越多的人开始对中国传统文化的价值和意义产生兴趣，并试图将其融入到现代社会中去。
中国政府也积极鼓励保护和传承传统文化，举办各种文化活动和展览，向世界展示中国传统文化的魅力。
总之，中国传统文化是中国人民的精神财富，它不仅代表了中国人民的智慧和创造力，也反映了中国人民的价值观念和生活方式。
通过学习和传承传统文化，可以更好地理解中国人民的情感和思维方式，促进不同文化间的交流和理解。
进一步认识中国传统文化可以使我们深入了解中国这个国家和它的人民，拓宽我们的视野，丰富我们的生活。
中国传统文化(中英对照)
莫逆之交：bosom friends总角之交：friendship between people who are friends since childhood一般作宾语，指儿时的朋友。
总角：古代未成年的人把头发扎成髻。
借指童年时期，幼年。
总角是八九岁至十三四岁的少年，古代儿童将头发分作左右两半，在头顶各扎成一个结，形如两个羊角，故称“总角”。
贫贱之交：friendship between people who are poverty-stricken and from humble circumstances杵臼之交：friendship between people who do not care about the financial condition and social status of each other 杵：舂米的木棒；臼：石臼。
比喻交朋友不计较贫富和身分。
君子之交：friendship between gentlemen小人之交：friendship between villains狐朋狗友：people who often gather together doing something meaningless and even illegal棋友/牌友/球友：people who often meet to play chess, poker, ball. etc.战友：people who get to know each other while serving in the same army unit普通老百姓交的朋友谓“布衣之交”；有钱人与没钱人交朋友谓“车笠之交”；在逆境中结交的朋友称“患难之交”；吃喝玩乐结交的朋友称“酒肉之交”；年岁差别大，行辈不同而交情深厚的朋友称“忘年之交”；幼年相交的朋友称“竹马之交”；交情深厚的朋友谓“肺腑之交”；亲密无间的朋友谓“胶漆之交”；生死与共的朋友谓“生死之交”；情投意合的朋友称“莫逆之交”；哪怕砍头也不改变友谊的朋友称“刎颈之交”；无意中相遇而结成的朋友称“邂逅之交”；在道义上互相支持的朋友称“君子之交”；只见过一次面，交情不深的朋友称“一面之交”；仅点头打招呼，感情不深的朋友称“点头之交”；平淡而浮泛交往的朋友称“泛泛之交”；见过面但不熟悉的人称“半面之交”；旧时结拜的兄弟姊妹称“八拜之交”；交友不嫌贫贱称“杵逆之交”；宝贵而有价值的交往称“金玉之交”。
#四六级必备中国文化中英文对照必备
1. 中国龙对龙图腾的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。
中国龙是古人将鱼，蛇，马，牛等动物和云雾，雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。
中国龙的形成和中华民族的多元融合过程同步。
在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞，开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。
Chinese DragonDragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or Loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.2. 饺子饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统特色食品。
相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。
饺子的制作是包括：1）擀皮、2）备馅、3）包馅水煮三个步骤。
其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。
民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。
中国人接亲待友。
逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。
对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。
DumplingsDumplings are one of the Chinese people’s favorite traditional dishes. According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint—Zhang Zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, freshen and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. There’s an old saying that claims, “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings.” During the Spring Festival and other holidays or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the New Year.3. 针灸针灸是中医学的重要组成部分。
中国文化知识(英汉对照)
中国文化知识（英汉对照）2013年12月全国英语四级必考翻译（四级改革后关于传统文化）1. 中国龙对龙图腾的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。
中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。
中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。
在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。
Chinese Dragon Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.2. 秧歌秧歌舞是中国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。
秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。
在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。
近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同事他们也乐在其中。
Yangko Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China. It is usually performed in northern provinces. The dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes, and the performance is powerful and rapid. During some festivals such as Spring Festival, Lantein Festival, if people hear the sound of drum and gong, no matter how cold the weather is , they will come to street and appreciate the Yangko. Recent years, the old people in city of east-northern of China organized the team of Yangko by themselves, the teamers keep their health by dancing Yangko the whole year.3. 长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。
中国文化与汉英翻译(自谦)
价值观念与翻译
价值观念是民族心理文化的重要组成部分， 深深地根植于人们的思想观念之中，价值观 念由于依附于不同的民族文化而具有鲜明的 民族性。反映在语言上，某些词义在一种民 族文化中是褒义的，到了另一文化中却是贬 义的或是中性的；在一种文化环境中可以接 受或受人欢迎，而在另一文化环境中却难以 使人接受或令人讨厌。语言翻译过程中词义 的跨文化差异值得我们注意。
翻译策略：改换人称
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
例4
水平有限，时间仓促，难免谬误，敬希指正。 限于学识浅陋，水平有限，书中错误或不妥
之处在所难免，诚望专家、同行和读者赐教 指正。
Suggestions and comments for improvement will be gratefully received.
（高祖、曾祖、祖、父、子、孙、曾孙、玄孙）
2. 重性别，男女分明
（表哥，表姐，堂兄、堂妹等）
3. 分血缘，内外有别 (祖父，外公；孙子，外孙）
称谓翻译策略
一、具体与泛化
大奶奶是个佛爷，也不中用。二姑娘更不中用，亦且不是这 屋里的人。四姑娘小呢。
Madam Zhu is too saintly to be of any use either. And Yingchun’s even worse, aspect from the fact that she doesn’t belong to our house. Xichun’s still too young.
中国文化与汉英翻译
中国文化中英对照
中国文化中英对照1.中国文化篇中国教育篇中国教育相关表达素质教育education for all-round development应试教育exam-oriented education填鸭式教学cramming method of learning 义务教育compulsory education高等教育higher education普通高校regular institution of higher learning就业服务和职业培训employment services and vocational skills training综合性大学comprehensive university重点大学key university减轻学生负担reduce burden for students 应届高校毕业生new college graduates智力引进introduce talents课外活动extracurricular activity2.中国科技篇中国科技相关表达科技是第一生产力science and technology constitute a primary productive force科技体制改革reform of the science and technology management system技术密集产品technology-intensive product科技含量technology content尖端科技state-of-the-art technology研究开发research and development治理污染curb the environmental pollution 水循环利用工厂water recycling plant核电站nuclear power plant非化石能源发电量electricity generated from non-fossil energy新粒子new particleH7N9病毒H7N9 virus应用科学applied science3D打印3D printing人造器官artificial organ顶层设计the top layer design节能减排energy conservation and emission reduction工业升级industrial upgrading结构性障碍structural obstacle资源利用率resource utilization rate 高速铁路high-speed rail科学发展观Scientific Outlook on Development科技发展scientific and technological advancement生态农业environmental-friendly agriculture创新innovation高科技园区high-tech park国家重点实验室national key laboratory 研究成果research result新兴学科new branch of science人工智能artificial intelligence信息高速公路information superhighway 网民netizen网上购物online shopping网上交易平台online trading platform “宽带中国”战略China's broadband strategy产能production capacity神舟十号the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft嫦娥三号The Chang'e-3 lunar lander 3.中国经济篇国民生产总值GrossNational Product (GNP)国内生产总值Gross Domestic Product (GDP)国有企业state-owned enterprises (SOEs) 社会主义市场经济socialist market economy市场经济秩序the order of the market economy扩大内需expand domestic demand宏观调控macro control按劳分配distribution according to one's performance城乡居民收入income of urban and rural residents劳动力labor综合国力overall national strength公有制public ownership私有制private ownership私营企业private business中小企业small and medium enterprises (SMEs)跨国公司multinational corporation网络经济Internet-based economy经济规律law of economy大规模生产mass production生产力productive forces年均增长率average growth rate per annum可持续增长sustainable growth经济效益economic returns经济增长economic growth经济波动economic fluctuation衰退recession提高经济效益enhance economic performance扭亏为盈turn a loss-making business into a profitable one优化经济结构optimize economic structure经济结构战略性调整strategic adjustment of the economic structure优化消费结构optimize the consumption structure产业结构升级upgrading of an industrial structure产业格局industrial pattern高新技术产业high and new technology industries经济特区special economic zones繁荣与稳定prosperity and stability经济交流economic exchange利用外资utilization of foreign capital 投资investment知识产权intellectual property rights版权copyright商标trademark专利patent电子商务e-business循环经济recycling economy个人所得税personal income tax税收政策tax policy试点工程pilot project经济带economic belts经济全球化economic globalization 财政和货币政策fiscal and monetary policies4.社会篇社会篇相关表达改革开放reform and opening up 小康社会a well-to-do society奔小康strive for a relatively comfortable life人民生活people’s livelihood生活水平living standards生活质量quality of life改善民生improve people’s wellbeing 住房条件housing conditions生活条件living conditions共同富裕shared prosperity社会稳定social stability衣食住行food, clothing, sheltering and means of traveling厉行节约practice economy缩小收入差距narrow the income gap人均收入average income per capita文化程度educational level城镇居民urban citizen失业保障unemployment security 人口问题the issue of population 全面发展all-round development 发达国家developed country发展中国家developing country 人口老龄化population aging养老provision for the aged养老保险old-age insurance社会保险social insurance计划生育family planning独生子女政策one-child policy城市人口urban population农业人口agriculture population普查census社会事业social programs人才市场talent market人才交流talent exchange人才外流brain drain应届高校毕业生new college graduate 农民工rural migrant worker公务员civil servant市民citizen名人celebrity残疾人the disabled就业率employment rate失业率unemployment rate出生率birth rate死亡率mortality rate寿命life span贫困地区poverty-stricken region欠发达地区underdeveloped area摆脱贫困shake off poverty生活困难be badly-off用电量electricity consumption森林覆盖率forest coverage产业结构industrial structure创历史新高an all-time high战略性新兴产业strategic emerging industries基础设施infrastructure南水北调South-to-North Water Diversion Project自然灾害natural disasters本土化localization体力劳动manual labor可持续发展sustainable development沙尘暴sandstorm建筑灰尘construction dust市政府the municipal government违章建筑unlicensed construction严厉地处罚impose tough punishments on 主要污染源major sources of pollutants建筑灰尘construction dust炫富show off wealth热词hot word/ buzzword品位taste大众传媒mass media5.中国文化篇Part 1中国文化四大发明the four great inventions of ancient China火药gunpowder印刷术printing造纸术paper-making指南针the compass文房四宝”Four Treasures of the Study 笔writing brush墨ink stick纸paper砚ink slab书法calligraphy中国画traditional Chinese painting水墨画Chinese brush painting雕刻sculpture泥人clay figure武术martial arts京剧Peking opera昆曲Kunqu opera相声cross talk中药traditional Chinese medicine 中国结Chinese knot唐装Tang suit四合院courtyard house红茶black tea绿茶green tea功夫茶Gongfu tea火锅hot potPart 2中国文学四大名著four major classical novels 《三国演义》The Romance of Three Kingdoms《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions 《水浒传》Outlaw of the Marshes 《西游记》Journey to the West四书The Four Books《大学》The Great Learning《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean 《论语》Analects of Confucius《孟子》The Mencius五经The Five Classics《诗经》The Book of Songs《书经》The Book of History《易经》The Book of Changes《礼记》the Book of Rites《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals Part 3中国古代哲学家及相关表达哲学家philosopher孔子Confucius孟子Mencius老子Lao Tzu孙子Sun Tzu庄子Chuang Tzu儒学Confucian School孔庙Temple of Confucius《孙子兵法》The Art of WarPart 4中国历史及相关表达封建的feudal朝代dynasty春秋时期the Spring and Autumn Period 战国时期the Warring States Period隋唐时期the Sui and Tang dynasties明清时期Ming and Qing dynasties秦始皇the First Emperor of Qin君主monarch皇帝emperor皇太后Empress Dowager丞相prime minister大臣minister忠臣loyal minister中华文明Chinese civilization丝绸之路the Silk Road西域western countries历史遗迹historical site文化遗产cultural heritage文物cultural relics科举制imperial examination for recruiting civil servants6.中国文化篇节日篇中国节日及相关表达春节the Spring Festival / Chinese lunar Near Year农历正月初一the first day of the first lunar month农历lunar calendar年终大扫除year-end household cleaning 春联Spring Festival couplets年画New Year pictures剪纸paper-cuts团圆饭family reunion dinner饺子jiaozi春晚Spring Festival Gala守岁stay up late on the New Year’s Eve 除夕Eve of Chinese New Year辞旧迎新ring out the old year and ring in the new拜年pay a New Year visit红包red packets压岁钱lucky money放爆竹let off firecrackers庙会temple fair禁忌taboo元宵节Lantern Festival农历正月十五15th day of the first lunar month元宵rice dumplings花灯festival lantern灯谜lantern riddle灯会exhibit of lanterns烟花fireworks端午节Dragon Boat Festival农历五月初五5th of the fifth lunar month 粽子zongzi糯米sticky rice粽叶bamboo leaves舞龙dragon dance舞狮lion dance踩高跷stilt walking赛龙舟dragon-boat racing纪念in memory of屈原Quyuan诗人poet忠臣loyal minister清明节Tomb-sweeping Day寒食节Cold Food Festival祭拜祖先offer sacrifices to one’s ancestors扫墓sweep graves of one’s ancestors or loved ones踏青go for a spring outing中秋节Mid-Autumn Day / Moon Festival 农历八月十五15th of the eighth lunar month月饼moon cake赏月appreciate the glorious full moon中国神话故事Chinese mythology 嫦娥Chang'e后羿Hou Yi长生不老be immortal重阳节Double Ninth Day赏菊admire the beauty of chrysanthemum登高climb a height七夕节Double Seventh Day/Chinese Valentine's Day银河the Milky Way鹊桥bridge of magpies牛郎Cowherd织女the Weaving Maid王母娘娘the Queen of Heaven乞巧praying-for-cleverness 女红needlework。
中国传统文化词条英译
中国传统文化词条英译The Translation of Chinese Traditional Cultural Terms Chinese traditional culture is rich and profound, encompassing various aspects of life, such as philosophy, literature, art, and customs. In this article, we will delve into some of the key terms in Chinese traditional culture and provide their English translations. Through vivid descriptions and engaging narratives, we hope to bring these cultural elements to life and make readers feel as if they are experiencing them firsthand.1. Yin and Yang: Yin and Yang are two opposing but complementary forces that exist in all things. Yin represents the feminine, passive, and dark aspects, while Yang symbolizes the masculine, active, and bright aspects. The concept of Yin and Yang is fundamental to Chinese philosophy and is used to explain the interplay and harmony of opposites.2. Confucianism: Confucianism is a philosophical and ethical system developed by Confucius, an influential Chinese scholar and philosopher. It emphasizes the importance of moral values, social harmony, and thecultivation of virtues such as filial piety, loyalty, and benevolence. Confucianism has greatly influenced Chinese society and continues to shape Chinese culture.3. Taoism: Taoism is a philosophical and religious tradition that originated in ancient China. It focuses on living in harmony with the Tao, which can be translated as "the Way" or "the Path." Taoism encourages individuals to embrace simplicity, spontaneity, and naturalness in order to achieve inner peace and spiritual enlightenment.4. Calligraphy: Calligraphy is considered one of the highest forms of artistic expression in Chinese culture. It involves the skilled and graceful writing of Chinese characters using a brush and ink. Calligraphy is not only a means of communication but also a reflection of one's personality and inner state. It embodies the beauty of rhythm, balance, and harmony.5. Tea Ceremony: The tea ceremony is a traditional ritual for preparing and serving tea in China. It embodies the principles of tranquility, harmony, and respect. The host carefully prepares and presents the tea, while the guests appreciate its aroma, taste, and aesthetics. The teaceremony is not only a way to enjoy tea but also a spiritual practice that cultivates mindfulness and appreciation of nature.6. Silk Road: The Silk Road was an ancient network of trade routes that connected China with the rest of the world. It played a crucial role in facilitating cultural exchange, economic development, and the spread of ideas and technologies between East and West. The Silk Road was named after the valuable silk that was traded along the route, but it also facilitated the exchange of goods such as spices, ceramics, and precious metals.In conclusion, Chinese traditional culture is a treasure trove of wisdom, beauty, and profound insights into human existence. By providing English translations of key cultural terms and presenting them in a lively and engaging manner, we hope to bridge the cultural gap and foster a deeper understanding and appreciation of Chinese traditional culture. Through the power of words, we aim to evoke emotions and transport readers into the world of Chinese traditions.。
中国文化中英文对照
中国文化中英文对照对龙图腾的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。
中国龙是古人将鱼，蛇，马，牛等动物与云雾，雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。
中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。
在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞，开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。
Chinese DragonDragon totem worship in China has been around for the last8,000years. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or Loong)a fetishthatcombines animals includingthe fish,snake, horseand ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other naturalcelestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed inaccordance with the multiculturalfusionprocess of the Chinesenation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation andcohesion.饺子饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统特色食品。
相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。
饺子的制作是包括：1）擀皮、2）备馅、3）包馅水煮三个步骤。
其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。
民间有“ 好吃不过饺子" 的俗语。
中国人接亲待友。
逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。
对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，" 更岁交子" 吃饺子，更是欢度页脚内容除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。
DumplingsDumplings are one of the Chinese people'sfavoritetraditionaldishes.According to an ancientChinese legend,dumplings werefirst made by the medical saint-Zhang Zhongjing. There arethree steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumplingwrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumplingstuffing;3) makedumplings and boilthem. With thinand elasticdough skin, freshen and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times.There's an old saying that claims, "Nothing could be moredeliciousthan dumplings."During the Spring Festivaland otherholidaysor when treatingrelativesand friends,Chinese peoplelike to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. ToChinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the New Year.针灸针灸是中医学的重要组成部分。
英语四级中国传统文化的单词
英语四级中国传统文化的单词
以下是英语四级中关于中国传统文化的单词：
1.Confucianism：儒家思想，强调仁、义、礼、智、信
的价值观。
2.Chinese painting：中国画，强调意境和气韵生动。
3.Chinese characters：汉字，包括象形、指事、会意、
形声四种造字法。
4.Chinese traditional music：中国传统音乐，包括民
歌、曲艺、戏曲等形式。
5.Chinese cuisine：中国菜系，包括川菜、鲁菜、粤菜、
苏菜、浙菜、闽菜、湘菜和徽菜八大菜系。
6.Chinese tea：中国茶文化，包括绿茶、红茶、乌龙茶
等不同种类的茶叶。
7.Chinese traditional medicine：中医中药，包括针
灸、推拿、拔罐等治疗方法。
8.Chinese architecture：中国传统建筑，以木结构为
主，注重与自然环境的和谐统一。
9.Chinese literature：中国文学，包括古典文学和现代
文学两大类。
10.Chinese philosophy：中国哲学，包括道家、墨家、
法家等学派的思想。
这些单词可以用于描述中国传统文化的内容和特点，帮助您更好地了解和掌握相关的英语表达方式。
中国文化与汉英翻译读后总结
中国文化与汉英翻译读后总结《中国文化与汉英翻译》图书目录第一章中国文化与翻译第二章心理文化与翻译（自谦心理，价值观念，审美，思维方式）第三章称谓文化与翻译（亲属和社交称谓）第四章专名文化与翻译(一)——人名文化第五章专名文化与翻译(二)——书名、地名的翻译第六章旅游文化与翻译（景点名称和中式菜肴，旅游资料）第七章色彩的文化内涵与翻译第八章习语的文化内涵与翻译第九章委婉语的文化内涵与翻译第十章数字的文化内涵与翻译第十一章典故的文化内涵与翻译第十二章动植物的文化内涵与翻译第十三章汉英翻译的可译性限度包惠南毕业于南京大学西班牙语专业研究方向为英汉翻译的实践与理论文化的交流的媒介是语言，翻译则是跨文化交流的桥梁。
正确认识我国的传统文化，通过翻译途径向外国传播中国文化，让世界了解中国。
作者认为传统的翻译研究对翻译中的文化现象研究不够，所以本书侧重通过对汉英民族不同文化心理、文化观念和习俗方面的对比分析，以培养译者的跨文化意识。
优点：例子丰富，红楼梦。
青春之歌，儒林外史，矛盾和巴金著作。
不是系统的讲一个理论，片段式。
有的章节总结了一套翻译技巧，譬如称谓语、颜色，菜名和景点名的翻译等。
中式菜肴比cecl课上的更加详细和有章可循。
第七章色彩的文化内涵与翻译可分辨色彩七百多万种三类基本颜色/单色颜色词（basic color words）实物颜色词（color words with colors of objects）色差颜色词(color words in shades)基本颜色词：七分法赤橙黄绿青蓝紫，谁持彩练当空舞？雨后复斜阳，关山阵阵苍。
Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet- --who is dancing, waving this colored ribbon against the sky? The sun returns slanting after the rain. And hill and pass grow a deeper blue.（英美百科全书中描绘彩虹的七个颜色词）实物颜色词物体的本色表颜色金黄gold，银白silver，栗色chestnut-brown，铅灰lead- grey 清晨，一列从北平向东开行的平沈通车，正驰行在广阔、碧绿的原野上。
中国传统文化中英对照
八拜之交：原表示世代有交情的两家弟子谒见对方长辈时的礼节，旧时也称异姓结拜的兄弟姐妹。
●friendship between sworn brothers or sisters●friendship between very close friends whounderstand each other and remend each otherat the sacrifice of their own interests莫逆之交：bosom friends总角之交：friendship between people who are friends since childhood一般作宾语，指儿时的朋友。
总角：古代未成年的人把头发扎成髻。
借指童年时期，幼年。
总角是八九岁至十三四岁的少年，古代儿童将头发分作左右两半，在头顶各扎成一个结，形如两个羊角，故称“总角〞。
贫贱之交：friendship between people who are poverty-stricken and from humble circumstances杵臼之交：friendship between people who do not care about the financial condition and social status of each other 杵：舂米的木棒；臼：石臼。
比喻交朋友不计较贫富和身分。
君子之交：friendship between gentlemen小人之交：friendship between villains狐朋狗友：people who often gather together doing something meaningless and even illegal棋友/牌友/球友：people who often meet to play chess, poker, ball. etc.战友：people who get to know each other while serving in the same army unit普通老百姓交的朋友谓“布衣之交〞；有钱人与没钱人交朋友谓“车笠之交〞；在逆境中结交的朋友称“患难之交〞；吃喝玩乐结交的朋友称“酒肉之交〞；年岁差异大，行辈不同而交情深厚的朋友称“忘年之交〞；幼年相交的朋友称“竹马之交〞；交情深厚的朋友谓“肺腑之交〞；亲密无间的朋友谓“胶漆之交〞；生死与共的朋友谓“生死之交〞；情投意合的朋友称“莫逆之交〞；哪怕砍头也不改变友谊的朋友称“刎颈之交〞；无意中相遇而结成的朋友称“邂逅之交〞；在道义上互相支持的朋友称“君子之交〞；只见过一次面，交情不深的朋友称“一面之交〞；仅点头打招呼，感情不深的朋友称“点头之交〞；平淡而浮泛交往的朋友称“泛泛之交〞；见过面但不熟悉的人称“半面之交〞；旧时结拜的兄弟姊妹称“八拜之交〞；交友不嫌贫贱称“杵逆之交〞；珍贵而有价值的交往称“金玉之交〞。
中国传统文化（中英对照）
中国传统⽂化（中英对照）莫逆之交：bosom friends总⾓之交：friendship between people who are friends since childhood⼀般作宾语，指⼉时的朋友。
总⾓：古代未成年的⼈把头发扎成髻。
借指童年时期，幼年。
总⾓是⼋九岁⾄⼗三四岁的少年，古代⼉童将头发分作左右两半，在头顶各扎成⼀个结，形如两个⽺⾓，故称“总⾓”。
贫贱之交：friendship between people who are poverty-stricken and from humble circumstances杵⾅之交：friendship between people who do not care about the financial condition and social status of each other 杵：舂⽶的⽊棒；⾅：⽯⾅。
⽐喻交朋友不计较贫富和⾝分。
君⼦之交：friendship between gentlemen⼩⼈之交：friendship between villains狐朋狗友：people who often gather together doing something meaningless and even illegal棋友/牌友/球友：people who often meet to play chess, poker, ball. etc.战友：people who get to know each other while serving in the same army unit普通⽼百姓交的朋友谓“布⾐之交”；有钱⼈与没钱⼈交朋友谓“车笠之交”；在逆境中结交的朋友称“患难之交”；吃喝玩乐结交的朋友称“酒⾁之交”；年岁差别⼤，⾏辈不同⽽交情深厚的朋友称“忘年之交”；幼年相交的朋友称“⽵马之交”；交情深厚的朋友谓“肺腑之交”；亲密⽆间的朋友谓“胶漆之交”；⽣死与共的朋友谓“⽣死之交”；情投意合的朋友称“莫逆之交”；哪怕砍头也不改变友谊的朋友称“刎颈之交”；⽆意中相遇⽽结成的朋友称“邂逅之交”；在道义上互相⽀持的朋友称“君⼦之交”；只见过⼀次⾯，交情不深的朋友称“⼀⾯之交”；仅点头打招呼，感情不深的朋友称“点头之交”；平淡⽽浮泛交往的朋友称“泛泛之交”；见过⾯但不熟悉的⼈称“半⾯之交”；旧时结拜的兄弟姊妹称“⼋拜之交”；交友不嫌贫贱称“杵逆之交”；宝贵⽽有价值的交往称“⾦⽟之交”。
中国文化与翻译 Chinese Culture and Translation
• • • • • •
1. Ecology生态学， 2． Material Culture物质文化， 3． Social Culture社会文化， 4． Religious Culture宗教文化， 5． Linguistic Culture语言文化。 这五类显然包括物质和意识形态两个 领域，亦即物质文明和精神文明两大方面。
第二章 中国文化在汉英翻译中的 再现
• 第一节 翻译的基本方法 • 【词法翻译】 • 一 对等译法 • 在翻译过程中，我们一般都可以在译文语言中找到同原文中 某个单词、词组或成语意义上的对等表达。 • (一)单词 • Television (n) 电视 • Electricity (n) 电 • Wheat (n) 小麦 • 坐 (v) sit • 小 (adj.) small • 和 (conj.) and
中国文化与翻译 Chinese Culture and Translation
第一章 文化.语言.翻译
• 第一节 “文化”一词的含义 • 长期以来，人们对文化已经进行过各种各 样的讨论；近几年来，不仅在国外而且在国内 部出现了新的文化热。人类对文化问题的关心 真可谓“古已有之，于今为烈”了。然而有趣 的是，对“究竟什么叫文化”这一问题，至今 仍是众说纷芸，没有一个完全一致的看法和定 义。一般说来，有广义文化和狭义文化两种说 法。
最新中国传统文化(中英对照)
八拜之交：原表示世代有交情的两家弟子谒见对方长辈时的礼节,旧时也称异姓结拜的兄弟姐妹。
•friendship between SWOrn brothers Or SiSterS•friendship between Very ClOSe friends WhOUnderStand each Other and recommend eachOther at the SaCrifiCe Of their OWn interests后来八拜之交指：管鲍之交一一管仲和鲍叔牙知音之交一—伯牙和钟子期刎颈之交—廉颇和蔺相如舍命之交一—羊角哀和左伯桃胶漆之交一一陈重和雷义鸡黍之交—元伯和巨卿忘年之交一一孔融和祢衡生死之交一—刘备、张飞和关羽生死之交泛泛之交莫逆之交：bosom friends总角之交：friendship between PeOPIe WhO are friends SinCeChildhOOd一般作宾语，指儿时的朋友。
总角：古代未成年的人把头发扎成髻。
借指童年时期，幼年。
总角是八九岁至十三四岁的少年，古代儿童将头发分作左右两半，在头顶各扎成一个结，形如两个羊角，故称“总角”。
贫贱之交：friendship between PeOPIe WhO are POVerty-StriCken and from humble CirCUmStanCeS杵臼之交:friendship between PeOPIe WhO do not Care about the financial COnditiOn and SOeiaI StatUS Of each Other 杵：舂米的木棒；臼：石臼。
比喻交朋友不计较贫富和身分。
君子之交：friendship between gentlemen小人之交：friendship between ViIIainS狐朋狗友：PeOPIe WhO Often gather together doing SOmethingmeaningless and even illegal棋友/牌友/球友：PeOPIe WhO Often meet to PIay chess, poker, ball.etc.战友：PeOPIe WhO get to know each Other WhiIe SerVing in theSame army Unit普通老百姓交的朋友 -------- 有钱人与没钱人交朋友 在逆境中结交的朋友一 吃喝玩乐结交的朋友生死与共的朋友 情投意合的朋友 哪怕砍头也不改变友谊的朋友 无意中相遇而结成的朋友一年岁差别大，行辈不同而交情深厚的朋友 称“忘年之交”; 幼年相交的朋友 交情深厚的朋友 亲密无间的朋友 在道义上互相支持的朋友只见过一次面，交情不深的朋友称“竹马之交S 谓“肺腑之交J 谓“胶漆之交J 谓“生死之交S 称“莫逆之交”; 称“刎颈之交S 称“邂逅之交J 称“君子之交J称“一面之交S 谓“布衣之交 谓“车笠之交S称“患难之交S 称“酒肉之交S仅点头打招呼，感情不深的朋友平淡而浮泛交往的朋友见过面但不熟悉的人 旧时结拜的兄弟姊妹宝贵而有价值的交往 儒家思想COnfUCia nism 儒家文化COnfUCian CUltUre 道教TaOiSm 墨家MOhiSm 法家LegaIiSm 佛教BUddhiSm 孔子COnfUCiUS 孟子MenCiUS 老子LaO TZU 庄子ChUang TZU 墨子MO TZU 孙子SUn TZU 象形文字PiCtOgraPhiC CharaCterS 《大学》The Great Learning 《中庸》The DOCtrine Of the Mean《论语》The AnaIeCtS Of COnfUCiUS 交友不嫌贫称“杵逆之交S称“泛泛之交J 称“半面之交S ■称“金玉之交”。
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例2
一见面是寒暄，寒暄之后说我“胖了”，说
我“胖了”之后即大骂其新党。（《祝福》） fatter After exchanging a few polite remarks when we met, he observed that I looked “fat”, and having made that complimentary remarks he started a violent attack on the revolutionaries.
常用His/Her Majesty, His/Her Highness, His/Her Honour, His Lordship, Her Ladyship , Reverend []… 汉语中的他成称谓，常用敬辞“令”或“尊” 冠于官职名或亲属称谓前构成尊称。如:令堂 大人、令尊、尊夫人、令郎、令爱、令嫒
1. 讲辈份，长幼有序
（高祖、曾祖、祖、父、子、孙、曾孙、玄孙）
2. 重性别，男女分明
（表哥，表姐，堂兄、堂妹等）
3. 分血缘，内外有别 (祖父，外公；孙子，外孙）
称谓翻译策略
一、具体与泛化 大奶奶是个佛爷，也不中用。二姑娘更不中用，亦且不是这 屋里的人。四姑娘小呢。
Madam Zhu is too saintly to be of any use either. And Yingchun’s even worse, aspect from the fact that she doesn’t belong to our house. Xichun’s still too young.
例3
如果不向女主人打个招呼，那孔碧霞会伤心的。孔 碧霞和她女儿还在忙着，听说我要走，有点儿扫兴： “啊呀， 大概是我做的菜不好吧， 不合你的口 味！” （陆文夫：《美食家》） Kong would be very hurt if I didn’t say goodbye to her. Kong and her daughter were still busy cooking. When she heard I was leaving, she was disappointed. “Oh, perhaps you don’t like my cooking, not to your palate.” 翻译策略：改换人称
例3
毛主席问陈妻“你们俩感情好不好？”陈
妻答：“好。”主席听了感到非常高兴。
Then
Chairman Mao talked with Chen’s wife. He was pleased to know that they had a happy home life.
称谓与翻译
中国人的称谓文化
价值观念与翻译
价值观念是民族心理文化的重要组成部分， 深深地根植于人们的思想观念之中，价值观 念由于依附于不同的民族文化而具有鲜明的 民族性。反映在语言上，某些词义在一种民 族文化中是褒义的，到了另一文化中却是贬 义的或是中性的；在一种文化环境中可以接 受或受人欢迎，而在另一文化环境中却难以 使人接受或令人讨厌。语言翻译过程中词义 的跨文化差异值得我们注意。
描述性称谓语的语用功能
汉语中描述性称谓语并不像亲属称谓语那样
有固定的称谓名称和明确具体的称谓对象， 也不像谦称、尊称那样具有约定俗成的程式 和正式的交际语境。 使用描述性称谓主要在于刻画人物性格、塑 造人物形象、抒发情感，增强艺术感染力。 语用功能：表示亲昵、喜恶、戏谑、讽刺、 请求、辱骂等情感意义
例词
conservative ≠保守 : individualist≠个人主义者 : peasant ≠农民 intellectual≠知识分子, cadre≠干部, politics≠政治, propaganda≠宣传, laborer≠劳动者 dragon≠龙
对称称谓与尊称
皇室官员：皇上、陛下、殿下、阁下、老爷
尊长师兄：仙师、老世翁
Your
Majesty, Your Highness, Your Honour, Your Lordship, Your Ladyship, My lord, Reverend …
他称称谓与尊称
英语中对王室成员、达官贵人和社会名流等
自称称谓与谦称
皇室贵族：朕、孤、寡、哀家 官员：微臣、小吏、下官、卑职 百姓：小民、小人、草民 仆人：奴才、下人、小的 女性：妾、贱妾、奴家、民妇、民女 学者：晚生、小弟、弟子、愚生 僧道：贫僧、贫道 旧时自称：余、敝人 口语自称：兄弟、我【】某
英语中的自称称谓基本只使用I 或we, 少数场合会 使用不定人称one 或yours truly 等
例4
水平有限，时间仓促，难免谬误，敬希指正。
限于学识浅陋，水平有限，书中错误或不妥
之处在所难免，诚望专家、同行和读者赐教 指正。 Suggestions and comments for improvement will be gratefully received. We are looking forward to suggestions and comments for improvement from our users.
敝人、下官 贱内，拙荆 小女，犬子 寒舍；拙著；薄礼；薄酒；浅见；献丑了……
翻译中遇到的问题
语用失效
(pragmatic failure) 语用冲突↑ (pragmatic conflict) （民族心理上的）文化冲突↑ (cultural conflict)
语言意义是作为语言所固有的意义，是人脑对客观事物和现象的总体或者关 系的概括认识。 语用意义就是在言语这种特定的语言环境中所表现出来的特定的、引申的、 临时的、隐含的意义。也就是说，对于相同的语言，它的意义，在不同的语 境中要“具体问题具体分析”。
忽见素云进来说：‘我们奶奶请二位姑娘商议要紧的事呢。 二姑娘、三姑娘、四姑娘、史姑娘、宝二爷都在那里等着 呢。’” Just then Suyun came in to announce, “our mistress wants you both to go and discuss important business. All the other young ladies are there with Master Bao.”
例1
“这断ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ绝孙的啊Q！”
张寡妇一路上还是啼哭，咒骂打杀了她丈夫
的强盗兵，咒骂绝子绝孙的林老板，又咒骂 那个恶狗似的警察。（矛盾：《林家铺子》） May you die sonless! should die without sons or grandsons A curse intolerable to ear in China
中国文化与汉英翻译
自谦心理与翻译
道德谏言
谦受益，满招损。
三人行必有吾师。——孔子 谦虚使人进步，骄傲使人落后。——毛泽东
这些格言既是个人自我修养的价值取向，也
是社会交往中为人处世的行为准则。好话必 须让别人说。
自谦语
离要求还相差很远，今后还要继续努力。 不足之处，请大家以后多多关照。 哪里，哪里，主要靠领导关心，靠大伙帮忙。
三、归化和异化 潘月亭：顾八奶奶是天下最多情的女人。 顾八奶奶（很自负地）：所以我顶悲剧、顶痛苦， 顶热烈，顶没有法子办。（《日出》） Pan：Mrs Gu, you’re the most sentimental woman in the world. Gu (Gratified): That’s the reason why I’m most tragic, most distressed, most passionate, most helpless. 魏三大伯，你有什么事找我？说吧，我要上课去了。 Uncle Wei, what did you come to see me about? Tell me quickly. I must be off now to a lecture. 四妹在故宫档案室工作，六妹夫妇是对画家，七妹 夫妇是教育工作者。（溥仪：《我的前半生》）
例2
今天饭菜不好，请多包涵。来，先干一杯。
这是中国人宴请客人时常说的客套话，以示热情待客、谦虚 有礼的传统美德。 They
are best dishes we’re able to prepare. Please make yourself at home. Now, to everyone, cheers!
昵称（pet name）
Dear, darling, honey, sweet pie, sweetie 宝贝，宝宝，小乖乖，仔仔
此外汉语中还常采用以下几种称呼方式表示亲昵 1. 独字称谓
(相当于英语中多音节的名字缩为单或双音节的昵称）
2. 独字+亲属称谓 3. “小/老“+姓
”亲爱的！”停了一会，余永泽走到道静身边抱住她， 在她耳边低声说，“静，听我的话，咱们搬到一块 儿吧！我这是第十次求你了。” “Darling!” after a moment’s silence he approached and took her in his arms, murmuring softly, “Listen, Daojing! Come and live with me! This is the tenth time I’ve asked you.” 梅姐，你把过去的事情忘了吧。 Forget about the past, Cousin Mei. 小林，你别误会，我爱小崔[岫玉]和爱小白[丽萍]是 不一样的。 Daojing, I don’t want you to misunderstand. My love for Xiuyu has nothing in common with my feeling for Liping.