课件 Jonathan Swift
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6. Jonathan Swift
English government
2012-11-3084. A Modest Proposal:
Full title: A Modest Proposal for
Preventing the Children of Poor People from Being a Burden to Their Parents or Country, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Public
2012-11-30
13
Page 104
I profess, in the sincerity of my heart, that I have not the least
personal interest in endeavoring to promote this necessary work, having no other motive than the public good of my country, by advancing our trade, providing for infants, relieving the poor, and giving some pleasure to the rich. I have no children by which I can propose to get a single penny; the youngest being nine years old, and my wife past child-bearing.
It is an attack on pedantry in the literary world.
2012-11-30 7
3. Pamphlets on Ireland
Jonathan-Swift作者及作品介绍说课讲解
A Modest Proposal
(The best model of satire)
By suggesting that poor Irish parents sell the one-year-old babies to the rich English lords and ladies as food, Swift is making the most violent protest against the inhuman exploitation and oppression of the Irish people by the English ruling class.
2005.7
6.Jonathan Swift is a master satirist in
English literature. His A Tale of a Tub is an
attack on（
）.
A. the government
B. greed
C. the church
D. the abuse of power
2008.4
17．As one of the greatest masters of English prose, ________ defined a good style as “proper words in proper places”. A．Henry Fielding B．Jonathan Swift C．Samuel Johnson D．Alexander Pope
(1. satire;nguage)
1. Satire He is a master satirist. by outward gravity (attraction) and an apparent earnestness which makes his satire powerful.
Jonathan Swift(st)
II.Essays
The Battle of the Books(1690)《书籍之战》 A Tale of a Tub （1704）《一只木桶的故事》 Drapier's Letters (1724)《布商的信》 A Modest Proposal (1729) 《一个温和的建议》 The last two pamphletes earn him the status of an Irish patriot.
But they begin altering their coats (faith) by adding ornaments. Peter adds more ornaments to the coats. Jack rips the coat to shreds撕成碎片 in order to restore the original state of the garment which represents the "primitive Christianity" sought by dissenters. Eventually, Peter and Jack begin to resemble one another, and only Martin is left with a coat that is at all like the original.
Gulliver's Travels--a novel
• 翻译家王佐良先生则相当客观。 • 他说：“这部书打动了各类读者，儿童们喜 欢头两部故事，历史学家看出了当时英国朝 政的侧影。思想家据以研究作者对文化和科 学的态度，左派文论家摘取其中反战反殖民 主义的词句，甚至先锋派理论家把它看作黑 色幽默的前驱。而广大的普通读者则欣赏其 情节的奇幻有趣，其讽刺的广泛深刻。这部 书是游记、神话、寓言、理想国的蓝图，又 是试验性的小说。”
10_Jonathan_Swift
With the introduction of the Enlightenment Movement into England , a revival of interest in the old classical works was in full swing. This tendency is known as Neoclassicism. According to the Neoclassicists, all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers (Homer, Virgil, Horace, Ovid, etc .) and those of the contemporary French ones. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy. The supreme masters 英国文学史及选读课程组 in the epoch of Enlightenment in England were:
英国文学史及选读课程组
Samuel Johnson （Dr. Johnson）
A poet, essayist, literary critic, biographer and lexicographer.
英国文学史及选读课程组
Daniel Defoe
The great pioneer of the English novel, whose Robinson Crusoe has been variously read as an allegory for the development of civilization, as a manifesto of economic individualism and aln of European colonial desires.(P133)
Gulliver 英国文学格列佛游记 斯威夫特 英语PPT
ridiculous things
extract
cucumber
recover
faeces
Huoyhnhnm country 慧骃国 马国
Houyhnhnm which looks like a horse with reason and admirable qualities host/governing class
高尔基称他为“世界文学创造者之一”。
02 Plots of Gulliver’s）.
Huoyhnhnm country 慧骃国 马国
1
2
3
4
Lilliput 小人国
Laputa 拉普他岛
飞岛国
Lemuel Gulliver is a surgeon(外科医生) on a ship. The story centres around his experiences on several remote islands where people and animals of unusual sizes, behaviour and philosophies live. (Page 93 paragraph 1
PART FOUR
04 Conclusion
The author, Jonathan ( ), was a prominent British politician and ( ) of the 18th century. His masterpiece ( ) records Gulliver's adventures to ( ), ( ) , ( ) , and ( ) country. Criticized the ( ) of the British ruling class.
Jonathan Swift
Jonathan Swift
Photo editor 高玉珠124022009041 Proof reader 陈海英124022009032 陈龙治124022009036 Speaker 陈秀琼124022009038 Online editor 陈 安124022009031 Assistant 蔡才艺 124022009030 蔡渤超 124022009029
HIS
Swift’s writing style
He defined a good style as “proper words in proper place” Clear, simple, concrete diction, uncomplicated sentence structure, economy and conciseness of language mark all his writings--essays, poems and novels.
Jonathan Swift is one of the greatest masters of English prose.
1745 END
St. Patrick’s Cathedral20Βιβλιοθήκη 3-7-27In 1713
Part two
Swift’s chief works
The battle of the Journal to Tale of a Tub books《书的战争》 Stella 《斯特 《一只桶的故事》 拉日记》 2013-7-27
1667 born in Dublin 1674-1682 studied in Kilkenny Grammar School 1682-1686 studied in Trinity College (B.A.) 1688-1690 worked as a secretary in England 1690-1692 received M.A. from Oxford University 1695 -1696 worked in the Church of Ireland 1696-1699 help prepare Temple’s memoirs and correspondence for publication 1699 Temple died, swift worked as chaplain 1702 received his doctor of divinity degree from Trinity College 1710 took over Tory journal 1713-1742 the dean of St. Patrick’s Cathedral
Photo editor 高玉珠124022009041 Proof reader 陈海英124022009032 陈龙治124022009036 Speaker 陈秀琼124022009038 Online editor 陈 安124022009031 Assistant 蔡才艺 124022009030 蔡渤超 124022009029
HIS
Swift’s writing style
He defined a good style as “proper words in proper place” Clear, simple, concrete diction, uncomplicated sentence structure, economy and conciseness of language mark all his writings--essays, poems and novels.
Jonathan Swift is one of the greatest masters of English prose.
1745 END
St. Patrick’s Cathedral20Βιβλιοθήκη 3-7-27In 1713
Part two
Swift’s chief works
The battle of the Journal to Tale of a Tub books《书的战争》 Stella 《斯特 《一只桶的故事》 拉日记》 2013-7-27
1667 born in Dublin 1674-1682 studied in Kilkenny Grammar School 1682-1686 studied in Trinity College (B.A.) 1688-1690 worked as a secretary in England 1690-1692 received M.A. from Oxford University 1695 -1696 worked in the Church of Ireland 1696-1699 help prepare Temple’s memoirs and correspondence for publication 1699 Temple died, swift worked as chaplain 1702 received his doctor of divinity degree from Trinity College 1710 took over Tory journal 1713-1742 the dean of St. Patrick’s Cathedral
jonathan swift 乔纳森 斯威夫特
– Absurd desire: P7 be crazy about shining stones
– Laziness: P17 – Debauchery: P19
Make Presentation much more fun
• Miscellany: • A Complete Collection of Genteel and Ingenious Conversation (1738) • A Journal to Stella (published posthumously – 1766)
LANGUAGE STYLE • simple and vigorous; • deadly irony; • powerful satire.
• Examples in excerpt:
– P2 For, indeed, who is there alive that will not be swayed by his bias and partiality to the place of his birth?
– P4 he sent for me one morning early, and commanding me to sit down at some distance (an honour which he had never before conferred upon me).
private Secretary of William Temple. • In 1692, got a master degree from Oxford • In 1697-1698, wrote 'The Battle of the Books'
and ' Tale of a Tub' • In 1699, returned to Ireland; served as a priest in1来自14)Cathedral.
– Laziness: P17 – Debauchery: P19
Make Presentation much more fun
• Miscellany: • A Complete Collection of Genteel and Ingenious Conversation (1738) • A Journal to Stella (published posthumously – 1766)
LANGUAGE STYLE • simple and vigorous; • deadly irony; • powerful satire.
• Examples in excerpt:
– P2 For, indeed, who is there alive that will not be swayed by his bias and partiality to the place of his birth?
– P4 he sent for me one morning early, and commanding me to sit down at some distance (an honour which he had never before conferred upon me).
private Secretary of William Temple. • In 1692, got a master degree from Oxford • In 1697-1698, wrote 'The Battle of the Books'
and ' Tale of a Tub' • In 1699, returned to Ireland; served as a priest in1来自14)Cathedral.
Jonathan-Swift
乔纳森·斯威夫特，英国-爱尔兰作家，讽刺文学大师，以《格列佛游记》和《一只桶的故事》等作品闻名于世。
乔纳森·斯威夫特刺小说家。
他出生于爱尔兰首都柏林一个贫困家庭，由叔父抚养成人，六岁上学，在基尔凯尼学校读了八年。
1682年进都柏林著名的三一学院学习，他除了对历史和诗歌有兴趣外，别的一概不喜欢。
还是学校“特别通融”才拿到学位。
之后，他在三一学院继续读硕士，一直到一六八六年。
1688年，爱尔兰面临英国的入侵，他前往英国寻找出路。
背景在社会背景黑暗的环境中，写下许多讽刺小说，著名的有《格列佛游记》、《一只桶的故事》等。
代表作其代表作是《格列佛游记》，一部杰出的游记体讽刺小说。
出生学院（以天主教的“三位一体”命名）。
十五岁时就读于都柏林三一学院，获学士学位。
1688年，斯威夫特前往英国，做了穆尔庄园主人威廉·邓波尔爵士的私人秘书，直到1699年邓波尔去世。
在他担任秘书期间，阅读了大量古典文学名著。
1699年，斯威夫特回到爱尔兰，在都柏林附近的一个教区担任牧师，但为教会中的事党《考察报》主编。
1714年托利党失势，他回到爱尔兰，任都柏林圣帕特里克教堂主持牧师，同时着手研究爱尔兰现状，积极支持并投入争取爱尔兰独立自由的斗争，但一个个美好的梦想最后都破灭了。
结束晚年的斯威夫特内心十分孤独，只限于和屈指可数的几个朋友交往。
他将自己积蓄的三分之一用于各种慈善事业，用另三分之一的收入为弱智者盖了一所圣帕特里克医院。
他的亲人去世，头昏耳聋，然而，斯威夫特本人也被疾病折磨得不成样子，但是，仍然一直坚持写作（直到逝世），许多人甚至认为他已完全疯了。
1745年10月19日，斯威夫特辞世，终年78岁，葬于圣帕特里克大教堂。
早期（1667—1710年）斯威夫特在早年就接触到了当时的社会政治，开始养成分析事物的才能和敏锐的观察力。
对于一位讽刺作家来说，这都是不可缺少的条件。
他在穆尔庄面读了不少的古典名著。
第六讲 Jonathan Swift
nt on Swift: The surface of his prose is limpidly clear and beguilingly placid, but his use of it is to enforce by close logic an impossible & commonly very shocking proposition, which is driven home with distinct & startling imagery. His position is that of a sincere Christian who advocates Reason; he despises alike the emptiness of the Deists & the emotionalism of the Puritans. He is at the same time a strong humanitarian, who is revolted by injustices leading to such suffering, but despairs of the capacity of human race to rid itself of its tendency to bestiality and heartlessness. Though a believer in reason, he despised the pedantry of
so many scholars, and the irrelevances of the “natural philosophers” in their pursuit of science. • A Modest Proposal (1729) * Background: English control of the Irish parliament – economic exploitation of the Irish people by the English as well as the Irish landlords; Famine & economic depression in Ireland at the time when Swift wrote the paper; Political arithmeticians’ constant discussion of the issue of population of Ireland at the time, claiming “people are the property of the nation” (some even estimated the price of a poor Irish to be 30 pounds -- the same as a slave or a Negro);
so many scholars, and the irrelevances of the “natural philosophers” in their pursuit of science. • A Modest Proposal (1729) * Background: English control of the Irish parliament – economic exploitation of the Irish people by the English as well as the Irish landlords; Famine & economic depression in Ireland at the time when Swift wrote the paper; Political arithmeticians’ constant discussion of the issue of population of Ireland at the time, claiming “people are the property of the nation” (some even estimated the price of a poor Irish to be 30 pounds -- the same as a slave or a Negro);
Jonathan-Swift作者及作品介绍说课讲解
Part 4: In Houyhnhnm land, horses have reason and all good qualities while Yahoos, hairy, wild, low and despicable （可鄙的），resemble human beings in appearance and in every other way.
A. Henry Fielding B. Jonathan Swift C. Robert Burns D. William Blake
2009.4
7．The best model of satire in the whole English literary history is Jonathan Swift's ______. A．A Modest Proposal B. A Tale of a Tub C．Gulliver's Travels D．The Battle of the Books
1. Structure and content
Part 1: In Llliput, the inhabitants are much smaller than normal human beings; Their life is miniature of that in the real world.
The book contain 4 parts. Each part dealt with one particular voyage during which Gulliver meets with extraordinary adventures on some remote island after he has met with shipwreck or piracy or some other misfortune.
A. Henry Fielding B. Jonathan Swift C. Robert Burns D. William Blake
2009.4
7．The best model of satire in the whole English literary history is Jonathan Swift's ______. A．A Modest Proposal B. A Tale of a Tub C．Gulliver's Travels D．The Battle of the Books
1. Structure and content
Part 1: In Llliput, the inhabitants are much smaller than normal human beings; Their life is miniature of that in the real world.
The book contain 4 parts. Each part dealt with one particular voyage during which Gulliver meets with extraordinary adventures on some remote island after he has met with shipwreck or piracy or some other misfortune.
Jonathan Swift
1688年，斯威夫特前往英国，做了穆尔庄园主 人威廉·邓波尔爵士的私人秘书，直到1699年邓波 尔去世。在他担任秘书期间，阅读了大量古典文学 名著。 1699年，斯威夫特回到爱尔兰，在都柏林附近 的一个教区担任牧师，但为教会中的事务常去伦敦 ，后来卷入了伦敦的辉格党与托利党之争，受到托 利党首领的器重，担任过该党《考察报》主编。 1714年托利党失势，他回到爱尔兰，任都柏林 圣帕特里克教堂主持牧师，同时着手研究爱尔兰现 状，圣帕特里克大教堂积极支持并投入争取爱尔兰 独立自由的斗争，但一个个美好的梦想最后都破灭 了。
写作生涯 早期（1667—1710年） 写作生涯 斯威夫特在早年就接触到了当时的社会政治， 早期（1667—1710年） 开始养成分析事物的才能和敏锐的观察力。对于 斯威夫特在早年就接触到了当时的社会政 一位讽刺作家来说，这都是不可缺少的条件。他 治，开始养成分析事物的才能和敏锐的观察力。 在穆尔庄面读了不少的古典名著。但是他也受到 对于一位讽刺作家来说，这都是不可缺少的条 吞浦尔“崇古非今”倾向的影响。他在这时期写 件。他在穆尔庄面读了不少的古典名著。但是 了《书的战争》和《桶的故事》两部作品，它们 他也受到吞浦尔“崇古非今”倾向的影响。他 是在1697—1698年间写的，但直到1704年才发 在这时期写了《书的战争》和《桶的故事》两 表。《书的战争》写作过程是这样的：古今作品 部作品，它们是在1697—1698年间写的，但直 孰优孰劣问题在17世纪末年的英国学术界引起过 到1704年才发表。《书的战争》写作过程是这 一场争论。 样的：古今作品孰优孰劣问题在17世纪末年的 英国学术界引起过一场争论。
Thank you
中期（1710-1714年） 斯威夫特回到爱尔兰，担任都柏林附近拉 腊柯尔地区的牧师。他为了教会事务时常到伦 敦去，1710—1713年间在伦敦住了两年半。 1710年托利党人上台执政后，他担任了该党报 考《考察报》的主编。斯威夫特写了许多揭露 辉格党人的贪婪和反对战争的小册子，其中最 有名的一篇是《同盟国和前任内阁在发动和进 行这次战争的行为》（1711）。英国和荷兰、 瑞典同盟对法国进行长期的战争。战争给人民 带来沉重的负担，却给资产阶级带来巨额利润。 斯威夫特的小册子唤起英国人民反对战争，坚 决要求统治集团和法国缔结和约，对反对战争 的英国舆论起了重大影响。他这一段政治经验 使他对英国统治集团的贪污腐化和资产阶级的 丑恶有了进一步的认识。1714年托利党人失势 后，他回到爱尔兰，在都柏林作圣派得立克教 党作教长，终其一生。
Jonathan-Swift约翰森-斯威夫特PPT课件
•17
Discussion Questions
What’s your attitude towards such an opinion: will animals ruled human beings if the later still do what they wanted.
Is it rational that when Swift become famous and powerful with his pen he all the noblemen who tried to flatter him?
VS
.
Robinson Crusoe
Gulliver’s Travels
•11
1.Swift is one of the realist writers. His realism is quite different from Defoe's. Defoe's stories are based upon the reality of human life, while Swift's come from imagination.
Nowadays one of China’s 10 top websites is named Yahoo.
•9
A question: Why is the story of Lilliput more interesting to the reading public than that of Brobdingnag or that of the Houyhnhms?
probably out of human nature: man tends to think highly of himself, not to be little himself, thus to satisfy his sense of self-importance.
Discussion Questions
What’s your attitude towards such an opinion: will animals ruled human beings if the later still do what they wanted.
Is it rational that when Swift become famous and powerful with his pen he all the noblemen who tried to flatter him?
VS
.
Robinson Crusoe
Gulliver’s Travels
•11
1.Swift is one of the realist writers. His realism is quite different from Defoe's. Defoe's stories are based upon the reality of human life, while Swift's come from imagination.
Nowadays one of China’s 10 top websites is named Yahoo.
•9
A question: Why is the story of Lilliput more interesting to the reading public than that of Brobdingnag or that of the Houyhnhms?
probably out of human nature: man tends to think highly of himself, not to be little himself, thus to satisfy his sense of self-importance.
英国文学史 Swift .pptx
2014-10-29
S w ift 's H u m a n is tic V ie w o in ts
• H e h a d a d e e p h a tre d fo r a ll th e ric h o p p re s s o rs a n d d e e p sy m p a th y fo r a ll th e p o o r a n d o p p re s s e d . • H u m a n n a tu re is se rio u s ly a n d p e rm a n e n tly fla w e d .T o b e tte r h u m a n life , e n lig h te n m e n t is n e e d e d , b u t to re d re s s it is ve ry h a rd . H e in te n d s n o t to co n d e m n b u t to re fo rm a n d im p ro v e m a n n a tu re a n d h u m a n in s titu tio n s , th e re is o fte n a n u n d e r o r o v e rto n e o f h e lp le s s n e s s a n d in d ig n a tio n .
2014-10-29
P lo t a n d M a jo r C h a ra c te rs
• W ritte n in th e fo rm o f a tra v e l jo u rn a l ,G u lliv e r 's T ra v e ls is th e fic tio n a l a c c o u n t o f fo u r e x tra o rd in a ry vo y a g e s m ade by Lem uel G u lliv e r , a p h y s ic ia n w h o sig n s o n to se rv e a s a sh ip 's su rg e o n w h e n h e is u n a b le to p ro v id e h is fa m ily w ith a su ffic ie n t in c o m e in London.
S w ift 's H u m a n is tic V ie w o in ts
• H e h a d a d e e p h a tre d fo r a ll th e ric h o p p re s s o rs a n d d e e p sy m p a th y fo r a ll th e p o o r a n d o p p re s s e d . • H u m a n n a tu re is se rio u s ly a n d p e rm a n e n tly fla w e d .T o b e tte r h u m a n life , e n lig h te n m e n t is n e e d e d , b u t to re d re s s it is ve ry h a rd . H e in te n d s n o t to co n d e m n b u t to re fo rm a n d im p ro v e m a n n a tu re a n d h u m a n in s titu tio n s , th e re is o fte n a n u n d e r o r o v e rto n e o f h e lp le s s n e s s a n d in d ig n a tio n .
2014-10-29
P lo t a n d M a jo r C h a ra c te rs
• W ritte n in th e fo rm o f a tra v e l jo u rn a l ,G u lliv e r 's T ra v e ls is th e fic tio n a l a c c o u n t o f fo u r e x tra o rd in a ry vo y a g e s m ade by Lem uel G u lliv e r , a p h y s ic ia n w h o sig n s o n to se rv e a s a sh ip 's su rg e o n w h e n h e is u n a b le to p ro v id e h is fa m ily w ith a su ffic ie n t in c o m e in London.
6. Jonathan Swift
2015/9/12
10
Page 104
I profess, in the sincerity of my heart, that I have not the least
personal interest in endeavoring to promote this necessary work, having no other motive than the public good of my country, by advancing our trade, providing for infants, relieving the poor, and giving some pleasure to the rich. I have no children by which I can propose to get a single penny; the youngest being nine years old, and my wife past child-bearing.
It is a satire upon all religious sects.
2015/9/12 3
2. The Battle of the Books
The Bee & the Spider To collect honey & to spin web
The ancient writers & the modern writers
children. It would lessen the number of the Catholics. It would be a great inducement to marriage.
2015/9/12 9
Swift 英国文学课件
A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibari, Glubbdubdrid,Luggnagg, and Japan
• Made up of 10 chapters. • The third part deals with a series of the hero’s adventures at several places. • One of these is Laputa, a flying island on which a curious – looking race of philosophers and math that follows next is a place where scientists try to make sunshine out of cucumbers. • Then there is Glubbdubdrid, a nation of magicians, who can summon the dead from the past. • As to Luggnagg, there live a group of immortals, The Struldbruggs by name, keeping their longevity(长寿) but not youth and health and wisdom. • From Luggnagg Gulliver goes to Japan and then returns home.
Gulliver’s Travels
Gulliver’s Travels
• It is a savage(猛烈抨击的) satire in the form of a fabulous(寓言般的) travelogue(游记). • Main character：Captain Lemuel Gulliver • It contains four parts:
课件-Jonathan-Swift
making it ridiculous and evoking toward it attitudes of amusement, contempt, scorn, or indignation. ---A Glossary of Literary Terms
使某一主体显得荒谬可笑，引起读者对这一主体 产生乐趣、鄙夷、蔑视或愤慨的态度，并以此来贬 低这一主体。--- 《文学术语词典》
Father: sought fortune in Ireland; Education: Off and on by the
Mother: English
Glorious Revolution in 1688
Family: strong literary connections
A national hero in Ireland
A satire upon all religious sects.
The Battle of the Books
The Bee & the Spider To collect honey & to spin web The ancient writers & the modern
writers Homer, Aristotle, Plato; Milton, Bacon…
我在伦敦认识一个见识很广的美国人，他向我保证说： 一个奶水充足的健康儿童养到一岁，其肉是最鲜美，最 滋补、最健康的食品，炖、烤，焙、煮都好，无疑也可 油煎作为肉丁或加蔬菜做汤。
I do therefore humbly offer it to public consideration that of the hundred and twenty thousand children already computed, twenty thousand may be reserved for breed, whereof only one-fourth part to be males; which is more than we allow to sheep, black cattle or swine; and my reason is, that these children are seldom the fruits of marriage, a circumstance not much regarded by our savages, therefore one male will be sufficient to serve four females. That the remaining hundred thousand may, at a year old, be offered in the sale to the persons of quality and fortune through the kingdom; always advising the mother to let them suck plentifully in the last month, so as to render them plump and fat for a good table. A child will make two dishes at an entertainment for friends; and when the family dines alone, the fore or hind quarter will make a reasonable dish, and seasoned with a little pepper or salt will be very good boiled on the fourth day, especially in winter. 现谨建议如下，祈请公众垂鉴。已统计的十二万名儿童，两万可留下传种，其中 四分之一可为男性，此数已超过牛羊猪豕之类留种的比例，理由是这类儿童大多 非正式婚姻所生，粗鄙之流亦不介意此点，因此一男可配四女。余下的十万可在 一岁时卖给国内有地位有钱者，事前切嘱母亲们在最后一月喂足儿童的奶水，使 其肥嫩，以备筵席之用。友朋小集，一儿可作两莱；家庭自享，则一臂一腿可各 作一道好菜，若能调以少量胡椒和盐，则存放四天后煮吃仍佳，冬季尤然。
使某一主体显得荒谬可笑，引起读者对这一主体 产生乐趣、鄙夷、蔑视或愤慨的态度，并以此来贬 低这一主体。--- 《文学术语词典》
Father: sought fortune in Ireland; Education: Off and on by the
Mother: English
Glorious Revolution in 1688
Family: strong literary connections
A national hero in Ireland
A satire upon all religious sects.
The Battle of the Books
The Bee & the Spider To collect honey & to spin web The ancient writers & the modern
writers Homer, Aristotle, Plato; Milton, Bacon…
我在伦敦认识一个见识很广的美国人，他向我保证说： 一个奶水充足的健康儿童养到一岁，其肉是最鲜美，最 滋补、最健康的食品，炖、烤，焙、煮都好，无疑也可 油煎作为肉丁或加蔬菜做汤。
I do therefore humbly offer it to public consideration that of the hundred and twenty thousand children already computed, twenty thousand may be reserved for breed, whereof only one-fourth part to be males; which is more than we allow to sheep, black cattle or swine; and my reason is, that these children are seldom the fruits of marriage, a circumstance not much regarded by our savages, therefore one male will be sufficient to serve four females. That the remaining hundred thousand may, at a year old, be offered in the sale to the persons of quality and fortune through the kingdom; always advising the mother to let them suck plentifully in the last month, so as to render them plump and fat for a good table. A child will make two dishes at an entertainment for friends; and when the family dines alone, the fore or hind quarter will make a reasonable dish, and seasoned with a little pepper or salt will be very good boiled on the fourth day, especially in winter. 现谨建议如下，祈请公众垂鉴。已统计的十二万名儿童，两万可留下传种，其中 四分之一可为男性，此数已超过牛羊猪豕之类留种的比例，理由是这类儿童大多 非正式婚姻所生，粗鄙之流亦不介意此点，因此一男可配四女。余下的十万可在 一岁时卖给国内有地位有钱者，事前切嘱母亲们在最后一月喂足儿童的奶水，使 其肥嫩，以备筵席之用。友朋小集，一儿可作两莱；家庭自享，则一臂一腿可各 作一道好菜，若能调以少量胡椒和盐，则存放四天后煮吃仍佳，冬季尤然。
英国文学 Chapter XI Jonathan Swift
我在伦敦认识一个见识很 广的美国人，他向我保证说： 一个奶水充足的健康儿童养到 一岁，其肉是最鲜美，最滋补、 最健康的食品，炖、烤，焙、 煮都好，无疑也可油煎作为肉 丁或加蔬菜做汤。
British Literature I
I do therefore humbly offer it to public consideration that of the hundred and twenty thousand children already computed, twenty thousand may be reserved for breed, whereof only one-fourth part to be males; which is more than we allow to sheep, black cattle or swine; and my reason is, that these children are seldom the fruits of marriage, a circumstance not much regarded by our savages, therefore one male will be sufficient to serve four females. That the remaining hundred thousand may, at a year old, be offered in the sale to the persons of quality and fortune through the kingdom; always advising the mother to let them suck plentifully in the last month, so as to render them plump and fat for a good table. A child will make two dishes at an entertainment for friends; and when the family dines alone, the fore or hind quarter will make a reasonable dish, and seasoned with a little pepper or salt will be very good boiled on the fourth day, especially in winter. 现谨建议如下，祈请公众垂鉴。已统计的十二万名儿童，两万可留下传种，其中 四分之一可为男性，此数已超过牛羊猪豕之类留种的比例，理由是这类儿童大多 非正式婚姻所生，粗鄙之流亦不介意此点，因此一男可配四女。余下的十万可在 一岁时卖给国内有地位有钱者，事前切嘱母亲们在最后一月喂足儿童的奶水，使 其肥嫩，以备筵席之用。友朋小集，一儿可作两莱；家庭自享，则一臂一腿可各 作一道好菜，若能调以少量胡椒和盐，则存放四天后煮吃仍佳，冬季尤然。
British Literature I
I do therefore humbly offer it to public consideration that of the hundred and twenty thousand children already computed, twenty thousand may be reserved for breed, whereof only one-fourth part to be males; which is more than we allow to sheep, black cattle or swine; and my reason is, that these children are seldom the fruits of marriage, a circumstance not much regarded by our savages, therefore one male will be sufficient to serve four females. That the remaining hundred thousand may, at a year old, be offered in the sale to the persons of quality and fortune through the kingdom; always advising the mother to let them suck plentifully in the last month, so as to render them plump and fat for a good table. A child will make two dishes at an entertainment for friends; and when the family dines alone, the fore or hind quarter will make a reasonable dish, and seasoned with a little pepper or salt will be very good boiled on the fourth day, especially in winter. 现谨建议如下，祈请公众垂鉴。已统计的十二万名儿童，两万可留下传种，其中 四分之一可为男性，此数已超过牛羊猪豕之类留种的比例，理由是这类儿童大多 非正式婚姻所生，粗鄙之流亦不介意此点，因此一男可配四女。余下的十万可在 一岁时卖给国内有地位有钱者，事前切嘱母亲们在最后一月喂足儿童的奶水，使 其肥嫩，以备筵席之用。友朋小集，一儿可作两莱；家庭自享，则一臂一腿可各 作一道好菜，若能调以少量胡椒和盐，则存放四天后煮吃仍佳，冬季尤然。
lecture eight jonathan swift
• ◆ In 1710, he deserted the Whigs and joined the Tories who were getting into power.
• ◆ In 1713, he was appointed Dean of St. Patrick’s Church in Dublin and in 1714, with the Tories losing their political power, he returned to Ireland.
• After a successful six months’ trading voyage in the East Indies the ship is driven out of its regular route by a storm and shipwrecked in a strange region.
• In the first part, Gulliver, a simple straightforward man with some education of a navigator and a doctor, fails to build up a medical career to support his wife and children and reluctantly goes to sea as a ship’s surgeon.
terror of the universe, but it appeared quite absurd to Gulliver who was twelve times as tall as he. • The two parties in the country are distinguished by the use of high and low heels. • Religious disputes were laughed at in an account of a problem which divided the Lilliputians: “ Should eggs be broken at the big end or the little end?”
• ◆ In 1713, he was appointed Dean of St. Patrick’s Church in Dublin and in 1714, with the Tories losing their political power, he returned to Ireland.
• After a successful six months’ trading voyage in the East Indies the ship is driven out of its regular route by a storm and shipwrecked in a strange region.
• In the first part, Gulliver, a simple straightforward man with some education of a navigator and a doctor, fails to build up a medical career to support his wife and children and reluctantly goes to sea as a ship’s surgeon.
terror of the universe, but it appeared quite absurd to Gulliver who was twelve times as tall as he. • The two parties in the country are distinguished by the use of high and low heels. • Religious disputes were laughed at in an account of a problem which divided the Lilliputians: “ Should eggs be broken at the big end or the little end?”
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I have reckoned upon a medium that a child just born will weigh 12 pounds, and in a solar year, if tolerably nursed, increaseth to 28 pounds. 我曾计算，初生儿每个平均重12磅，养育得当，一年后可 重28磅。 I grant this food will be somewhat dear, and therefore very proper for landlords, who, as they have already devoured most of the parents, seem to have the best title to the children. 诚然，此类食品不免价昂，但也因此更合地主们享用。他 们既已吞食了儿童的父母，当然也最有资格饱餐这些儿童。
I do therefore humbly offer it to public consideration that of the hundred and twenty thousand children already computed, twenty thousand may be reserved for breed, whereof only one-fourth part to be males; which is more than we allow to sheep, black cattle or swine; and my reason is, that these children are seldom the fruits of marriage, a circumstance not much regarded by our savages, therefore one male will be sufficient to serve four females. That the remaining hundred thousand may, at a year old, be offered in the sale to the persons of quality and fortune through the kingdom; always advising the mother to let them suck plentifully in the last month, so as to rபைடு நூலகம்nder them plump and fat for a good table. A child will make two dishes at an entertainment for friends; and when the family dines alone, the fore or hind quarter will make a reasonable dish, and seasoned with a little pepper or salt will be very good boiled on the fourth day, especially in winter. 现谨建议如下，祈请公众垂鉴。已统计的十二万名儿童，两万可留下传种，其中 四分之一可为男性，此数已超过牛羊猪豕之类留种的比例，理由是这类儿童大多 非正式婚姻所生，粗鄙之流亦不介意此点，因此一男可配四女。余下的十万可在 一岁时卖给国内有地位有钱者，事前切嘱母亲们在最后一月喂足儿童的奶水，使 其肥嫩，以备筵席之用。友朋小集，一儿可作两莱；家庭自享，则一臂一腿可各 作一道好菜，若能调以少量胡椒和盐，则存放四天后煮吃仍佳，冬季尤然。
A Tale of a Tub 《木桶的故事》 The Battle of Books 《书籍之战》
Representation of Satire in Works
Epitaph 《墓志铭》
A Modest Proposal 《一个温和的建议》
A Tale of a Tub
A father (Christ)
Full title: A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor People from Being a Burden to Their Parents or Country, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Public
What Can We Find Out…
Poor Growth Feeling of Unfairness
Causes of Satire in Life Experience
Love of Fair Liberty
Sense of Conceit 自负
What Can We Find Out…
Coats (Christian doctrines) Peter: Roman Catholics Martin: Anglicans Jack: Puritans
A satire upon all religious sects.
The Battle of the Books
The Bee & the Spider To collect honey & to spin web
Satire
Satire criticize: a) What: human or individual vices, follies, abuses, or shortcomings. b) How: ridicule 嘲弄; caricature 讽刺; parody 戏 仿; Irony 反讽… c) Why: to inspire social reform and improve human nature.
Satire
Works
Satire
Definition The literary art of derogating a subject by making it ridiculous and evoking toward it attitudes of amusement, contempt, scorn, or indignation. ---A Glossary of Literary Terms 使某一主体显得荒谬可笑，引起读者对这一主体 产生乐趣、鄙夷、蔑视或愤慨的态度，并以此来贬 低这一主体。--- 《文学术语词典》
Satire
Intention Satire uses laughter as a weapon, and against a butt that exists outside the work itself, including an individual, a type of person, a class, an institution, a nation or even the entire human race. ---- A Glossary of Literary Terms 讽刺将笑作为武器，抨击存在于作品之外的某个 对象，包括某个人，或某种人，某个阶级，某个机 构，某个国家，甚至整个人类。--- 《文学术语词典》
The ancient writers & the modern
writers Homer, Aristotle, Plato; Milton, Bacon…
It is a satire on pedantry in the
literary world.
A Modest Proposal (extracts)
Struggled between the Tories and the Whigs
What We Have to Know about Swift..
The relationship between Swift’s life experience, major works and satire
Life Experience
But as to my self, having been wearied out for many years with offering vain, idle, visionary thoughts, and at length despairing of success, I fortunately fell upon this proposal, which as it is wholly new, so it hath something solid and real, of no expense and little trouble, full in our own power, and whereby we can incur no danger in disobliging England. For this kind of commodity will not bear exportation, the flesh being of too tender a consistence, to admit a long continuance in salt, although perhaps I could name a country, which would be glad to eat up our whole nation without it. 至于我本人，在提了多年空洞、不切实际的意见，劳而无功之后， 以为再无良策了，幸而想到这个建议，不但完全是新的，而且内容 切实，化钱不多，费事不大，靠我们自力就可实行，因而不会冒得 罪英格兰的风险。这类商品不宜出口，因肉质太嫩，不宜长期盐 腌——不过我也可以说出一个国家的名字，它是可以不加盐就把我 们整个民族吃掉的。
Satire
Satiric Ways formal satire: persona in the first person indirect satire: indirect form to the reader Satiric Purposes To blend a critical attitude with humor and wit, in order that human institutions or humanity may be improved. To create a shock of recognition and to make vice repulsive to the person or society.