the expansion of U.S.power
美国历史杰克逊时期的民主
Since 1828, Andrew Jackson started his career in the White House as the seventh president of U.S. until 1837, created the Jacksonian Democracy Era for American history. Andrew Jackson made a number of impressive political initiatives during his presidency, especially the reform of the electoral system during the Jackson Era made some contribution to promoting the process of democratization in the United States, expanding the right to vote for American citizens, promoting the evolution of the American electoral system and promoting political democratization.This paper aims to explore the function and function of the electoral system in party politics through the analysis of the evolution of the electoral system during the period of "Jackson democracy".In the 1920s and 1930s, with the gradual formation of the American political system, the electoral system was also involved in party politics, Making the election an important tool for political party struggles. This period of the election system is gradually formed with the gradual formation of the party system. Jackson came to power, through official officials, to strengthen the political party politics, To further improve the corresponding election system. Thesepolitical initiatives, while being used by various interest groups, serve the two-party competition for the presidential post, but objectively see that the campaign provides an opportunity for the interest groups to gain political participation and promote the electoral system towards more democratization Direction, so that the electoral system and the political party made an indivisible organic whole.On the election system of Jackson 's time, it is necessary to analyze the relationship between the two parties in the United States. After the independence of the United States political and economic development, conflicts of interest between the increasingly prominent groups, resulting in party disputes, So that elections become part of political party politics安德鲁?杰克逊（1767.3.15-1845.6.8）是美国第七位总统。
关于中国风力成就的英语作文
关于中国风力成就的英语作文China's Achievements in Wind PowerIn recent years, China has made remarkable achievements in the field of wind power. With a strong commitment to renewable energy sources, China has become a global leader in wind power technology and production.One of the key achievements in China's wind power sector is the rapid expansion of wind farms across the country. China now boasts some of the largest wind farms in the world, capable of generating significant amounts of clean energy to power homes, industries, and cities.Furthermore, China has invested heavily in research and development to improve the efficiency and reliability of wind turbines. Chinese companies have developed innovative technologies that have helped increase the capacity and output of wind power systems, making them more competitive and cost-effective.Additionally, China has set ambitious targets for expanding its wind power capacity in the coming years. The government has implemented policies and incentives to encourage the development of wind power projects, leading to a significant increase in the use of wind energy as a sustainable alternativeto traditional fossil fuels.Overall, China's achievements in wind power demonstrate its commitment to promoting clean energy and combating climate change. With continued investment and innovation, China is poised to further enhance its position as a global leader in the wind power industry.。
2024届高考英语语法填空：中国传统文化专题+5+课件
• The 15th century 4.citizens (citizen) who received him in what are now Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, India, Kenya, and Yemen had never seen anything like it.
• 翻译练习：
• 郑和是中国历史上最杰出的航海家，在航 海、外交、军事等诸多领域都表现出非凡 的智慧和卓越的才能。他曾七次率领庞大 的船队远航，访问了西太平洋和印度洋的 许多国家和地区，加深了中国同东南亚、 东非的相互了解。郑和下西洋对中外的经 济和文化交流起到了十分积极的推进作用， 也为维护区域和平做出了巨大贡献。为了 永远铭记郑和及其丰功伟绩，7月11日，即 郑和首次率船队远航启程的日子，被定为 中国的航海节。
• 据估计，船队中最大的船只被称为“宝船”，比 一个足球场还要大。船的索具上挂着黄色的旗子， 帆被染成了红色，船体上画着巨大精致的鸟。
• Accompanying them were an array of support boats, 3.including (include) oceangoing stables for horses, aqueous farms for growing bean sprouts to keep scurvy away, and water taxis for local transportation.
贡金
ostrich / ˈɒstrɪtʃ /n. 鸵鸟 waters / ˈwɔːtəz /n. 海域；近海 diplomatic / ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk / adj. 外交的，从事外交的 expedition / ˌekspəˈdɪʃ(ə)n /n. 远征，考察；探险队，考察
雷鸣与闪电：大自然的力量 英语作文
Thunder and Lightning:The Power of NatureThe phenomenon of thunder and lightning stands as one of the most awe-inspiring displays of nature's power.This dramatic interplay between the forces of the atmosphere not only captivates the human imagination but also serves as a vivid reminder of the energy and dynamism inherent in the natural world.This essay explores the significance of thunder and lightning,delving into their scientific explanations,cultural symbolism,and the profound impact they have on the human psyche.The Spectacle of Thunder and LightningThunder and lightning occur during storms when the atmosphere becomes charged with electricity,leading to a sudden discharge that lights up the sky and rumbles across the land.The flash of lightning, followed by the roar of thunder,creates a powerful sensory experience that can evoke a range of emotions,from exhilaration to fear.This natural spectacle is not only visually stunning but also serves as a testament to the untamed and unpredictable forces that govern our world.Scientific ExplanationLightning is caused by the buildup and discharge of electrical energy between clouds,or between a cloud and the ground.This discharge generates intense heat,leading to the rapid expansion of air and the creation of a shock wave we perceive as thunder.The entire process, from the initial buildup of electrical charge to the thunderclap that follows lightning,illustrates the complex interactions within our atmosphere and the incredible energy that these interactions can release.Cultural Symbolism and MythologyThroughout history,thunder and lightning have been imbued with significant cultural symbolism and mythology.Many ancient civilizations attributed these phenomena to the actions of gods or supernatural forces,often seeing them as expressions of divine anger or intervention. In Greek mythology,for example,Zeus wielded lightning bolts asweapons.In Norse mythology,Thor,the god of thunder,was associated with storms and lightning.These cultural interpretations reflect humanity's attempt to understand and find meaning in the powerful and sometimes frightening aspects of the natural world.Impact on the Human PsycheThe experience of thunder and lightning can have a profound impact on the human psyche.For some,a storm evokes a sense of awe and wonder at the majesty of nature.For others,it can trigger fear or anxiety, a reminder of our vulnerability in the face of nature's might.Regardless of the reaction,thunder and lightning challenge us to confront the forces larger than ourselves,prompting reflection on our place within the natural world.A Reminder of Nature's PowerThunder and lightning serve as potent reminders of nature's power and the delicate balance that sustains life on Earth.In an age where human activity increasingly impacts the environment,these phenomena can also serve as a call to respect and protect the natural world.The energy unleashed by thunder and lightning underscores the importance of understanding and preserving the complex systems that govern our planet.ConclusionThunder and lightning encapsulate the awe-inspiring and formidable power of nature.These phenomena not only provide a spectacle of light and sound but also carry deep cultural and psychological significance.As we witness the dramatic display of thunder and lightning,we are reminded of the incredible forces at work in our atmosphere and the need to remain humble in the face of nature's might.In the clash of thunder and the flash of lightning,we find a powerful expression of the dynamic and ever-changing world in which we live.。
英美概况USA-7
1. Reconstruction
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总统重建期—1863到66年:由亚伯拉罕· 林肯和安德 鲁· 强森两位总统主导，以迅速团结国家为目标。 开始于解放宣言。他们的温和方案受到的激进共 和党人抵制。 国会重建期—1866到73年:共和党激进派在1866年 大选后控制国会，他们以自由黑人的公民权利和 投票权为重点进行改革，一个由自由黑人、提包 客和南方共和党白人组成的共和党同盟控制了南 方大部分的州。 救赎期—1873到77年:南方民主党白人（自称救赎 者）击败了共和党并控制了南方的每一个州，对 有色人种实施‚隔离平等‛政策，标志着重建时 期的结束。
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Definition: the transformation of the Southern United States from 1863 to 1877, with the reconstruction of states and society in the former Confederacy. Purposes How to reunite the Southern states? What to do with those Confederate leaders? What to do with civil rights of the freed slaves?
1.1 Results of Moderates’ Policies
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Former Confederate leaders controlled the congresses and governments of the Southern States. They took a series of violent measures to restore their ruling and slavery. black codes (黑人法典),trying to limit the basic human rights and civil liberties of blacks
[笔记]英美概况英国的扩张（英文版）
![[笔记]英美概况英国的扩张（英文版）](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/47ecb648814d2b160b4e767f5acfa1c7aa00828a.png)
Small Island，Big worldAs it is a fact that England has been a big country in the world for a long period,not only on the land ,but also on the sea.The British Empire was the largest country at that time,which occupied about 33 million square kilometers,taken up one fifth of the world’s total dry land and about 135 tomes as large as Great Britain.It ruled over a population of 560 million,which was more than ten times as large as that of Britain.It was called an empire “on which the sun never set”.Because on almost all the continents of the world Britain had its colonies that kept the sun can be seen on the sky all the time.Britain’s Overseas ExpansionBritish overseas expansion was clearly part of an older tradition of European empire building.They traced this back to classical Greece and Rome,Spanish and Portuguese expansion following Columbus’ voyage to the new world.Britain’s overseas expansion was begin with several battles against Spanish during Elizabeth ’era.Elizabeth avoided open hostility with Spain,but she secretly encouraged English seadogs to raid Spanish colonies and plunder the Spanish ships that were returning back home to Spain.At first,the Spanish king did not know that Britain was their most dangerous rival or Elizabeth’s intention until Spanish king Philip was at the helm of the state.So ,in 1588,the king dispatched a fleet of 130 vessels which named “the Invincible Fleet ”to England.The fleet sailed up the English Channel and a large naval battle out.The English battleships threw their enemies into panic with fire ships.The badly battered the Spanish’s fleet fled to northward in confusion.Caught in a storm ,many of the Spanish warships died and only half of them survived and went back to Spain,never dare to come to England again.The lost of the war made Spain lose its lead position on the sea,while ,on the other hand,Britian could take over Spanish power became the leader.The victory not only established the position of England as a major sea power but also paved the way for its foreign expansion as a colonizing nation.What’s more,British overseas expansion helped the state gather many property for this empire’s construction.British Foreign ExpansionIn the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries,Britain experience the Industrial Revolution.It is a big event for all the British.During the Industrial Revolution,a varity of chater companies were the tentacles and they spearheaded the foreign expansion and colonization.These companies,such as the East India Company,had the right to use the English Navy.Charter companies would first force a foreign country to open its market,then they would control the market and establish the British sphere of influence.If the British had occupied the land,the natives would have to leave their land or controlled by them.At the same,as a result of the Industrial Revolution,the empire was quite eager for raw material and expanding its foreign market.So the Britain began to expand its colonies all over the world.The expansion began with the colonization of Newfoundland,soon,many continents had became British colonies.In Asia,the East India company was founded in 1600.At first,it traced with India through a few trading posts it had managed to secure on the coast and the southern tip of the peninsula.They also managed to edge out the French and Portuguese colonists who had also come for conquest.By 1819 the British conquest of India was almost complete.The British aggression caused angeramong the natives.In 1857,a large anti–aggression mutiny broke out when the colonial authority ordered the hired native Indian soldiers to use greased catridges.Many of the Indian troops were from the Hindus,who regarded touching of the fat of a cow as contamination worse than death,and the Mohammedans who were also horrified by the fat of the swine.Many parts of the country were involved in the revolt.After the mutiny was suppressed,the control of India was passed to British Crown in 1858,and Queen Victoria became Empress of India in 1877.After conquering India,British merchants tried to make a profit in China.But because the Chinese economy was still based on agriculture and self–sufficiency,British used to suffer a deficit in the early trades.To make a profit,British merchants started to import opium into China from India .After China banned the opium trade in1799,still some British merchants continued to smuggle opium into China .In 1839,the Imperial Commissioner Lin Zexu ordered the confiscation of about 20 000 chests of opium and burnt them at Canton.The British used this as a excuse and launched a war of aggression against China in 1840.The British troops occupied Hong Kong in 1841,and invaded Zhenjiang before threatening Beijing itself.Due to failure of the Opium War,the Qing dynasty signed the Treaty of Nanjing,which included China ceded Hong Kong to British,opened five ports to British trade and many money to Britain .Among all the colonies of Britain ,Hong Kong was the last one to get its independence until 1997.As for other areas of Asia ,Btitish invaded Burma and occupied the coastal areas.At the same time,Singapore was forced to become British colony.So,Britain had a strategic base to the Indian Ocean and the Far East.After that,British power could expand to the whole Malaysia.It controlled the Strait of Malacca and built the Straits Settlements.In Africa,at the end of the 19 century,this continent is the focus of British colonial expansion.As for its abundant mineral resources, British wanted to control this area and get the resources for their industrial development .Besides,Btitish confined to a number of forts and slave trading posts on the West Coast.The Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip and Egypt in the northern part of the continent were the two chief centers of British advance in Africa.Britain was eager to control the Cape of Good Hope in order to protect its route to India. After England seized Cape Town from Dutch in 1806,English setters began to flock in and they brought in the English language.Then the English colonists pushed northward until the South Africa Union was organized by the English Parliament in 1910.Britian was also interested in controlling Egypt and Sudan.Egypt and France built the Suze Canal which was opened to navigation in 1869.In 1875,the British government bought half of the Suez Canal shares from the bankrupt Egyptian ruler,while the other half was still held by the French .After fierce struggle,the British drove the French from Egypt and gained control of the Suez Canal in 1882.The British suppressed a rebellion and occupied Egypt.By the beginning of the twentieth century,about one third of Africa was controlled by British colonialists.In East Africa,British occupied Somali,Zanzibar,Malawi and Buganda in 1980s and 1990s.In South Africa ,the British South Africa Company invaded to Zambia in 1890.In North America,when the old colonial powers:Portugal,Spain were concentrating their attention on dominating on the sea the deserted east coast of North American became the first British colonial areas of activity.The early imm igrants were actually “pushed out of Europe” because they refused to conform to the rules they did not like in their home country .They hated the system which had impoverished and persecuted them. The first colony was Newfoundland,established in 1583.Until 1733, 13 colonies on the east coast of North Americawere under British control.In the 18th century the population in the British colonies in North America quickly increased from 260000 to 2, 3 million within a fewdecades(1700-1770). Also, 3, 4 million slaves were brought to the British colonies from Africa between 1162 and1807. The settlers in the colonies were mostlyself-governed while still under rule of the English Crown.But conflicts started. Additional taxes on tea or legal documents led to discrepancies. The settlers rejected any sort of taxation .The confrontation tightened up through the Townshend Acts or the Boston Massacre.The reaction of the settlers was for instance the Boston Tea Party in 1773. After several tough battles,i n 1776 the Declaration of Independence was signed. In the North American Independence War (1776-1783) Britain had to admit defeated and with the Peace of Paris in 1783 acknowledged the independence of the colonies. At the early 17 century,France and Britain began to compete in establishing colonies in Canada.But after seven years war ,Britain defeat France and monopolized Canada in1763.by the 1840s, British North America had 1.5 million people: 650,000 in Lower Canada, 450,000 in Upper Canada, and more than 300,000 in Atlantic Canada.In Latin American,British began to immigrate to Bahama Islands and controlled it in 1783.After that,British could controlled Caribbean.In Oceania,as a newly found continent ,it was a large continent of low populationdensity.During 1583 and 1587,a British named James Cook investigated the east coast of Australia and claimed the east coast region for Britain,naming it New South Wales.The British began to immigrant to the land.In 1788,the British government began to transport convicts to Australia and established some penalty settlements for these convicts.As more and more free colonists had come to settle,the British government was forced to stop transferring convicts to Australia after 1840.The sudden discovery of gold in Australia led to the gold rushes which brought large numbers of free immigrants to Australia,resulting in the founding of six separate colonies.In 1901,the six separate and self-governing colonies were united to form one dominion----the independent Commonwealth of Australia. Until 1900 Australia became profitable exporters of wool and gold.At the southeast to the Australia land, lying another country----New Zealand, originally settled by Maoris,was first discovered by Dutch in1642.James Cook visited New Zealand in the 1770s and claimed it for England.English missionaries began to arrive in the early nineteenth century before the New Zealand Company started systematic colonization in the1840s.New Zealand achieved self-government in 1852 .Then Britain had completed its control in the Oceania,this area also became one of British accesses to raw materials for the industrial constriction and foreign market for their goods.Decline of the British EmpireThe old Btitish colonial system began to decline in the 18th century.during the longperiod of unbroken Whig dominance of domestic political life,the Empire became less important and less well-regarded,until an ill-fated attempt to reverse the resulting“salutary neglect”provoked the American War of Independence,depriving Britain of her most populous colonies.Although Britain was the first country to industrialise,other countries,such as Germany,United States also took rapidly step to start their industrialization,Britain experienced real competition abroad.Especially after the World War 1,British suffered a heavy lose,which led to debt accumulation,loss of capital markets and manpower deficiencies in the staffing of far-flung imperial posts in Asia and the African colonies.The Empire’s end began with the onset of the World War 2,when a deal wasreached between the British government,and the Indian independence movement,whereby the Indians would cooperate and remain loyal during the war,after which they would be granted independence.Following India’s lead,nearly all of Britain’s other colonies would become independent over the next two decades.This vast colonial empire finally out of sight.Effect of British Foreign ExpansionThe foreign expansion ,as for the Britain,has reached their goals----achieve accesses to more materials and foreign markets.Through the expansion all over the world,British got a large amount of capital fund,which contributed quite a lot to British economic construction.Cities grew and prospered with the development of industry and foreign trade.The Strand in London became the finest street in Europe.Fleet Street flourished as a publishing center.British foreign expansion has changed people’s life.“Respectable”districts for rich people in the near suburbs were expanding.A middle class house in England in the nineteenth century commonly had there or fourservants ,usually women,while a rich house had many more.But the majority of workers excluded from a decent life.The street swarmed with barefooted children who wore very few clothes that were no protection against rain and wind.Many children were forced to go to factories to work more than 12 hours a day at the age of eight or nine.An increasing number of people required the government to solve these problems.Under the pressure of public demand,the government took some measures to ensure workers rights and mitigate the social conflicts.When it comes to the colonies,British expansion was a disaster for the colonial people.After the settler arrive at a new place,they would try every method to make the colonial people give in.When the land was under their control,they plundered the raw materials and bullied the locals.They had to leave their home land for decades of years before independence.The plunder also slow down the economic development of the colonies.However,on the other hand,since the Britain was more developed than any other countries at the time,the colonialists brought many advanced technology,culture and experience,which helped the colonies developed,anyhow.Although the colonial era has passed,we must bear in mind a saying“Backwardness will lead to defeat”.Only our nation is strong enough can we avoid bullied by the stronger countries.。
国家开发大学分英语专业学士学位考试真题
国家开发大学分英语专业学士学位考试真题National Development UniversityBachelor's Degree Examination in English MajorPart I: Reading Comprehension (50 points)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage.The Victorian era, characterized by rapid industrialization and social change, brought about significant advancements in science, technology, and culture. One of the major developments during this period was the expansion of the railway system, which facilitated the movement of people and goods across the country. Steam power also played a crucial role in driving machinery and powering factories, leading to increased productivity and economic growth.1. What was a major development during the Victorian era?A. The invention of the televisionB. The expansion of the railway systemC. The development of smartphonesD. The discovery of penicillin2. What role did steam power play during the Victorian era?A. Driving machinery and powering factoriesB. Operating cars and airplanesC. Generating electricity for homesD. Heating homes and buildings3. How did the railway system impact transportation during the Victorian era?A. It slowed down travel timesB. It facilitated the movement of people and goodsC. It limited access to remote areasD. It increased traffic congestion in cities4. What did the advancements in science, technology, and culture lead to during the Victorian era?A. Decreased productivity and economic declineB. Increased social unrest and political instabilityC. Improved quality of life for the working classD. Growing dependence on manual labor5. Which of the following best describes the Victorian era?A. A period of stagnation and declineB. A time of rapid industrialization and social changeC. An era of technological regressionD. A period of cultural isolationPart II: Writing (50 points)Directions: In this part, you are required to write an essay on the topic below. You should write at least 150 words.Topic: Discuss the impact of social media on interpersonal relationships in the digital age.In recent years, social media has become an integral part of our daily lives, influencing how we communicate and interact with others. While social media platforms offer numerous benefits such as instant communication and global connectivity, they also pose challenges to traditional forms of interpersonalrelationships. In this essay, we will explore the impact of social media on interpersonal relationships in the digital age.One of the key impacts of social media on interpersonal relationships is the blurring of boundaries between the public and private spheres. With the rise of social media, individuals often share personal information and interact with others in a public forum, leading to a loss of privacy and intimacy in personal relationships. Furthermore, the prevalence of social media has led to a shift in how people communicate, with many relying on digital communication methods such as messaging and video calls rather than face-to-face interactions.Another significant impact of social media on interpersonal relationships is the rise of online dating and virtual relationships. With the proliferation of dating apps and social networking sites, individuals can now connect with potential partners and form relationships online without ever meeting in person. While this may offer convenience and accessibility, it also raises concerns about the authenticity and depth of these virtual connections compared to traditional, offline relationships.Overall, social media has revolutionized how we form and maintain interpersonal relationships in the digital age. While the convenience and connectivity offered by social media areundeniable, it is important to consider the impact on privacy, intimacy, and authenticity in our relationships. Finding a balance between the benefits and challenges of social media is essential in cultivating healthy and meaningful relationships in the digital age.。
南巡讲话 英语翻译
LOGO
• 4.得不偿失
• the loss would outweigh the gain. Outweigh:to be greater more important than sth 重于；大于；超过 eg.The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.利远大于弊
LOGO
• 4.一变就人心不安，人们就会说中央的政策 变了。 Any change in that system might cause unease among the people, who would assert that Party Central Committee had altered its policy. Any change in that system would cause concern among the people, who would say that the Central Committee had altered its policy.
LOGO
• 5.alter(使）改变 ；更改；改动 to become different,to make sb/sth different • touch 移动，碰到，打（人）使受伤 to move sth,especially in such way that you damage it ;to hit or harm sb
好词及短语
LOGO
• 1.suffice to suffice (it) to say that... used to suggest that although you could say more, what you would say will be enough to explain what you mean. 无需多说，只需说...就够了
美国经济大萧条英文
美国经济大萧条英文The Great Depression: A Dark Period in American Economic HistoryIntroduction:The Great Depression was one of the most devastating economic crises in American history. It occurred during the 1930s and had a profound impact on the lives of millions of Americans. This article will explore the causes, consequences, and the government's response to the Great Depression.Causes of the Great Depression:1. Stock Market Crash: The stock market crash of 1929 is often cited as the trigger for the Great Depression. On October 29, 1929, known as Black Tuesday, stock prices plummeted, leading to a collapse in confidence among investors. This event marked the beginning of the economic downturn.2. Overproduction and Underconsumption: The 1920s saw an era of excess, with rapid industrialization and mass production of goods. However, many ordinary Americans did not have the purchasing power to keep up with the pace, resulting in a surplus of goods and a decline in demand.3. Credit Expansion and Speculation: During the 1920s, there was a rapid expansion of credit, enabling people to borrow more money. This encouraged speculation, particularly in the stock market and real estate. When the market crashed, many people were left with substantial debts and no means to repay them.Consequences of the Great Depression:1. Massive Unemployment: As businesses went bankrupt and factories shut down, millions of Americans lost their jobs. Unemployment rates skyrocketed, reaching nearly 25% at the height of the depression. Many families faced severe poverty and struggled to provide for their basic needs.2. Bank Failures: The economic downturn took a toll on the banking sector as well. Lack of confidence led to a wave of bank runs, where panicked customers withdrew their deposits. Consequently, many banks failed, wiping out the savings of countless individuals and exacerbating the economic crisis.3. Dust Bowl: The Great Depression coincided with a severe drought in the Midwest known as the Dust Bowl. Widespread soil erosion and dust storms destroyed crops and caused mass migration from rural farming areas to cities, adding to the already high levels of unemployment and poverty.Government Response:1. New Deal: In response to the Great Depression, President Franklin D. Roosevelt implemented the New Deal, a series of economic stimulus programs. It aimed to create jobs, provide relief to the poor, and reform the financial system. Programs such as the Works Progress Administration (WPA) and Social Security Administration (SSA) were established under the New Deal.2. Bank and Financial Reforms: The government implemented measures to stabilize the financial sector and restore public confidence. The Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), which insured bank deposits and prevented future bank runs.3. Regulation and Expansion of Government Power: The Great Depression prompted a significant expansion of government intervention in the economy. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was established to regulate the stock market, and the Federal Reserve was given greater authority to manage monetary policy to prevent future economic crises.Conclusion:The Great Depression was a period of immense hardship and suffering for the American people. It resulted from a combination of factors, including the stock market crash, overproduction, and excessive credit expansion. The consequences of the Great Depression were far-reaching, leading to high unemployment rates, bank failures, and mass poverty. However, it also sparked significant government intervention and the implementation of programs that aimed to alleviate economic distress. The lessons learned from this dark period in American economic history continue to shape economic policies today.。
中国历史上重要的历史事件英语作文
中国历史上重要的历史事件英语作文The Enduring Legacy of China's Pivotal Historical EventsChina's rich and complex history is marked by a tapestry of pivotal events that have shaped the nation's trajectory and influenced the course of global affairs. From the unification of the Middle Kingdom to the dawn of the modern era, these milestones have left an indeluring impact on the world. In this essay, we will explore some of the most significant historical events that have defined China's enduring legacy.One of the most transformative events in Chinese history is the unification of the country under the Qin Dynasty in 221 BCE. Led by the formidable Qin Shi Huang, this momentous achievement marked the end of the Warring States period and the establishment of the first centralized imperial dynasty. The Qin Dynasty's legacy is evident in the creation of a standardized writing system, a unified legal code, and the construction of the iconic Great Wall, which served as a defensive barrier against northern invasions. This period also witnessed the development of a sophisticated bureaucratic system that would become the foundation for subsequent dynasties.Another pivotal event in Chinese history is the Tang Dynasty, which reigned from 618 to 907 CE. This era is often regarded as the golden age of Chinese civilization, characterized by artistic and cultural flourishing, technological advancements, and expansive territorial control. The Tang Dynasty saw the rise of Chang'an, the capital city, as a bustling cosmopolitan center that attracted scholars, artists, and merchants from across the known world. The dynasty's openness to foreign influences and its promotion of trade along the Silk Road facilitated the exchange of ideas, goods, and technologies, contributing to China's global prominence during this period.The Song Dynasty, which followed the Tang, is renowned for its remarkable achievements in the realms of science, technology, and commerce. During this era, China experienced a remarkable economic and social transformation, with the development of a sophisticated monetary system, the rise of urban centers, and the expansion of international trade. The Song Dynasty also witnessed the emergence of Neo-Confucianism, a philosophical movement that profoundly shaped the intellectual and cultural landscape of China for centuries to come.The Mongol conquest of China, culminating in the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty in 1271, represents another pivotal moment in Chinese history. This period marked the first time that China was ruled by a non-Han dynasty, and it brought about significantchanges in the political, economic, and social structures of the country. The Yuan Dynasty's openness to foreign ideas and its promotion of trade and cultural exchange with the West had a lasting impact on Chinese society, paving the way for the subsequent Ming and Qing dynasties.The Ming Dynasty, which ruled from 1368 to 1644, is particularly noteworthy for its cultural and technological achievements. During this era, China experienced a renaissance in the arts, with the development of exquisite porcelain, intricate silk textiles, and the iconic Ming architecture. The Ming Dynasty also saw the expansion of China's maritime power, culminating in the voyages of the legendary admiral Zheng He, who led a series of expeditions that established China's presence across the Indian Ocean and beyond.The Qing Dynasty, the last imperial dynasty of China, is significant for its role in shaping the modern Chinese state. Under the Manchu rule, China experienced a period of territorial expansion, economic prosperity, and cultural efflorescence. The Qing Dynasty's legacy is also marked by its engagement with the West, as the dynasty grappled with the challenges posed by Western colonial powers and the gradual erosion of its traditional power structures.The establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, following the Chinese Civil War, represents a pivotal moment in thenation's modern history. This event ushered in a new era of socialist transformation and the consolidation of Communist Party rule, which has had a profound impact on China's political, economic, and social development. The reforms and opening-up policies initiated by Deng Xiaoping in the late 1970s further accelerated China's integration into the global economy and its emergence as a major power on the world stage.These are just a few of the many momentous events that have shaped China's rich and complex history. Each of these pivotal moments has left an indelible mark on the country, contributing to its unique cultural heritage, its geopolitical influence, and its enduring legacy as one of the world's most ancient and influential civilizations. As China continues to evolve and shape the global landscape, the study and understanding of these historical events remain crucial in comprehending the nation's past, present, and future.。
汉译英单句翻译
汉译英单句翻译1.根据它的叫声特点，人们把蝉又称作知了Another name for the cicada is Zhiliao, or know all, for that’s how sounds to the Chinese.2.纪晓岚是乾隆的宠臣，曾三次任礼部尚书Jixiaolan enjoyed great favor in Emperor Qianlong’s court and was times the Ministry of Rites.3.中国人又在正月十五晚上吃元宵，赏花灯的习俗。
The Chinese have the custom of eating yuanxiao sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour and watching festive lanterns on the fifteenth evening of the first lunar month.4.他的不合作态度是这个项目进展十分缓慢。
The project is making slow progress because of his uncooperativeness.5.你们谁想参加春游就在星期五之前报名并交费。
Whoever wants to join the spring out ing should sign up and pay the expenses before Friday.6.我觉得这个店里的衣服即使打折也还是太贵。
I think the clothes in the shop are still too expensive even if we could get a 40 percent discount.7.就目前情况看，工程造价将会超出预算百分之三十。
8.万一你想取消这次旅行，请至少提前一个月书面通知我们If you should want to cancel the trip, please notify us in writing at least one month in advance.9.想让他答应如此要求恐怕不大可能I’mafraid it is unlikely for him to agree to such a request10.在董事会年会上，他请大家注意一个被普遍忽视的问题At the annual meet ing of the board of directors, he called everyone’s attention to a commonly ignored problem.11.听到这个消息，她心里一沉，但还是勉强挤出一点微笑。
科学之光启智慧的英语作文
The light of science has always been a beacon of hope and progress for humanity.It is through the pursuit of knowledge and understanding that we have been able to advance our society and improve the quality of life for countless individuals.In this essay,we will explore the various ways in which the light of science has enlightened and inspired the minds of people around the world.Firstly,the light of science has led to significant breakthroughs in the field of medicine. The development of vaccines,antibiotics,and other lifesaving treatments has drastically reduced the mortality rate from diseases that were once considered deadly.This has not only saved countless lives but also improved the overall health and wellbeing of the global population.Moreover,the light of science has revolutionized the way we communicate and share information.The invention of the internet and social media platforms has connected people from all corners of the globe,allowing for the free exchange of ideas and fostering a sense of global community.This has also opened up new opportunities for collaboration and innovation,as individuals from diverse backgrounds can work together to solve complex problems.In addition,the light of science has illuminated the path towards sustainable development. Through research and technological advancements,we have gained a deeper understanding of the environmental challenges facing our planet.This has led to the development of renewable energy sources,such as solar and wind power,which have the potential to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and mitigate the effects of climate change.Furthermore,the light of science has expanded our understanding of the universe and our place within it.Astronomical discoveries,such as the existence of exoplanets and the expansion of the universe,have sparked curiosity and wonder in people of all ages.This has not only fueled scientific inquiry but also inspired a sense of awe and appreciation for the vastness and complexity of the cosmos.Lastly,the light of science has the power to inspire future generations.By promoting critical thinking and problemsolving skills,scientific education can empower young minds to question,explore,and innovate.This can lead to a more informed and engaged society,capable of addressing the challenges of the future with creativity and resilience. In conclusion,the light of science is a powerful force that has the potential to transform our world for the better.Through its illumination,we can continue to push the boundaries of knowledge,foster innovation,and work towards a more sustainable and enlightened future.。
与美国梦相比,中国应如何实现中国梦(英文版)原创!!!
Chinese Dream will come true with our effortsDream gives our warm when we feel cold.Dream gives our direction when we lose our way.Dream gives our light when we are in the dark.When people talk about dreams ,it can referred to many sorts, such as dreams of an individual , a community ,a nation ,and a country or little dream and great dream. No matter what kind of dream it is, we need to make our best efforts to make dreams come true. As the proverb goes:” No one can succeed at one night!”AHowever, what lies at the root of the question is that how to make Chinese Dream come true. We can get some inspiration from the American dream and British dream.First of all, the content of American dream is that everyone who keeps his own dreams can be given a chance to make his dreams come true, no matter who he is, where he comes from or what he did. And its content varies from the emergence of the country to the development of the country. For example, in the early Puritanism, British people carry their dreams to a new content where they had to build their house and create a new society on their own. The only way out is that they must work hard and achieved success finally.Secondly, during the Westward Expansion in 18th, the government encouraged people to develop their career and family in the western region of the U.S., which improve their adventurous spirits, independent characters and creative minds. As a result, the individualism becomes an important part of their values. After World War II, the most intense motive of the people was the longing for a better life, the governments linked mass production, mass marketing, and technological improvement to an enlightened democratic spirit.To conclude, the similarities of different periods of American dream is that life will get better, that progress is inevitable if we obey the rules and work hard, that material prosperity is assured .In addition, main values in the U.S. include innovation, opportunity, cooperation, freedom, openness. In other words, everyone has an equal and inalienable right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. This right is protected by Federal law.When it comes to British dream, what impress us most is the First Industrial Revolution broke out in Britain. People longer for changes in society, and it were the time. Here are some reasons for such a flourishing country. Firstly, Britain speeded up the concentrated use and specialized management of land before the Revolution ; Secondly, Overseas expansion in 17th century accelerated the speed of the concentration and accumulation of capital; Thirdly ,the country established a competitive and orderly national unity market for the Revolution ;Fourthly, legal system construction was set up the government , providing a advantageous legal environment for developing ; Fifthly ,the society respected and protected property rights and the economic interests of the individual.As we can learn from above, we can make Chinese Dream come true in somany ]-ways.Firstly, Chinese Dream consists of dreams of each common people, government officials and scientists and so on. And they can not be separated from each other and connected with other closely instead .As a result, individual vales shall be respected, which is one of important parts of American dream. We know that the people's government made for the people, made by the people, and answerable to the people. Therefore, the government shall be ready at anytime to solve the issues that people concerned .such as Housing, Education, and Medicare.Secondly, such healthy social conduct as spirits of innovation and practice shall be fostered across the country. Innovation is the source of developing and progress. And we cannot achieve anything if we make no efforts and practice. However, there is odd thing that where there are original products, there is fake one produced by illegal dealer. What’s worse ,the society take it as usual ,there is limited protection of property right .How can such a circumstance can inspired people’s passion to be creative ? Only when we advocate ourselves to what we are supposed to do but not attempt to gain achievements without any efforts can it stimulate the desire for innovation in China.Thirdly, create a fair environment for the development of society. On the one hand, legal system need to be promoted which acts at providing every citizens the chances to go after his dreams. No matter who you are ,where you are from. Everyone is born equal. Freedom and equality was ,always is and continues to be the main content of U.S. values that laid the foundation for the rapid development in the U.S.. On the other hand , the government shall listen to people ‘s constructive opinions who live at the root of social ladder.Fourthly, Strengthen comprehensive power of the country, especially hard power in economy and soft power in culture .It is considered that the development of economy is the sharp weapon to solve the social issues concerned, such as Housing ,Education and Medicare .What’s more ,we cannot ignore the far reaching influence of soft power anymore .For instance ,English has been studied as a second language by all the people around the world for over one century . And American TV series and its fast food culture gain more and more popularity in China, let alone its electronic products and traditional holidays. By contrast ,many a Chinese forget traditional holidays ,let alone protection for that. .To some extend , we call it cultural invasion. All these indicators suggest that we shall attach great importance in developing soft power which enhance Chinese sense of national identity and patriotic feeling. Tha t’s a significant part to conquer any difficulties in the way to the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation!Xi Jinping called upon young people "to dare to dream, work assiduously to fulfill the dreams and contribute to the revitalization of the nation." He called upon all levels of the Party and the government to facilitate favorable conditions for their career development. Xi told young people to "cherish the glorious youth, strive with pioneer spirit and contribute their wisdom and energy to the realization of the Chinese dream."。
托福阅读TPO26答案解析
1.【考点分析】本题为修辞目的题，注意此类题目并不是考例子本身，而是要寻找其修辞的目的，然后与选项进行对比。
关键词为“英国有大量的煤”，在此前的几句话说大英帝国能源短缺，举例说明作为主要热源的木材供应减少，燃煤多但不能有效地转化成机械能。
这说明什么呢，这说明英国的能源短缺不是因为燃料缺乏，选C.【选项分析】A. 为了反对“18世纪英国面临能源短缺”的说法(根据原文，煤储量大这一事实，并不是构成反对能源短缺说的理由，这一选项与原文矛盾)B.为了解释为什么是煤，而不是其它能源变成了18世纪英国的主要民用与工业热量来源。
(偷梁换柱型干扰项。
根据本段倒数第3句话，当时主要的能量来源是木材)C.为了表明英国的能源短缺不是缺乏燃料所致(正确：not the result of a lack of fuel 与原文的had large amounts of coal 形成对应)D.该选项是玩穿越，本段并没有提到19世纪，更没有提到采煤成为19世纪主要行业)2. 【考点分析】本题为细节题，考察利用关键词定位以及对同一含义的不同词汇与句子结构的理解能力。
要想让18世纪的工业革命成为可能，一定要得以解决的“能源方面的问题”是什么?根据第一段前半部分，能源是工业革命兴起的主要原因毋庸置疑，那么能源问题是什么呢?根据关键词“the problem of energy” 定位到倒数第2句话：”Great Britain had large amounts of coal; however, there we re not yet efficient means by which to produce mechanical energy or to power machinery.” 这句话表明，能源问题就是有燃料但缺乏用燃料来驱动机器的有效方式，这个问题必须得到解决才能使得工业革命成为可能，所以选B。
注意：means 和ways 是近义词，另外阅读里经常还有method, approach, avenue.【选项分析】A. 水与风不能得到有效的利用(这个选项与第一段第3句意义矛盾)B. 缺乏驱动机器的有效方式(正确：对应第一段的倒数第2句)C.蒸汽引擎需要大量的煤，而煤是供应不足的(与倒数第2句矛盾，原文说Great Britain had large amounts of coal)D.人类与动物都不够强壮，无法为工业活动提供能源(是第2句的偷梁换柱，原文说18世纪之前，人们的能量来源有植物、动物与人力)3. 【考点分析】本题为排除信息题，考查蒸汽引擎引发的纱厂变化除了哪一个。
丘吉尔著名的铁幕演说
丘吉尔著名的铁幕演说 1946年3⽉，英国前⾸相丘吉尔在美国富尔顿发表的反苏演说，⼜称铁幕演说。
铁幕演说也被认为是正式拉开了冷战的序幕。
以下是丘吉尔演讲的部分节选。
以下是店铺为⼤家整理的丘吉尔著名的铁幕演说，仅供参考，⼤家⼀起来看看吧。
英⽂原⽂： The United States stands at this time at the pinnacle of world power. It is a solemn moment for the American democracy. For with this primacy in power is also joined an awe-inspiring accountability to the future. As you look around you, you must feel not only the sense of duty done, but also you must feel anxiety lest you fall below the level of achievement. Opportunity is here now, clear and shining, for both our countries. To reject it or ignore it or fritter it away will bring upon us all the long reproaches of the aftertime. It is necessary that constancy of mind, persistency of purpose, and the grand simplicity of decision shall rule and guide the conduct of the English-speaking peoples in peace as they did in war. We must, and I believe we shall, prove ourselves equal to this severe requirement. I have a strong admiration and regard for the valiant Russian people and for my wartime comrade, Marshal Stalin. There is deep sympathy and goodwill in Britain -- and I doubt not here also -- toward the peoples of all the Russians and a resolve to persevere through many differences and rebuffs in establishing lasting friendships. It is my duty, however, to place before you certain facts about the present position in Europe. From Stetting in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia; all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow. The safety of the world, ladies and gentlemen, requires a unity in Europe, from which no nation should be permanently outcast. It is from the quarrels of the strong parent races in Europe that the world wars we have witnessed, or which occurred in former times, have sprung. Twice the United States has had to send several millions of its young men across the Atlantic to fight the wars，But now we all can find any nation, wherever it may dwell, between dusk and dawn. Surely we should work with conscious purpose for a grand pacification of Europe within the structure of the United Nations and in accordance with our Charter. In a great number of countries, far from the Russian frontiers and throughout the world, Communist fifth columns are established and work in complete unity and absolute obedience to the directions they receive from the Communist center. Except in the British Commonwealth and in the United States where Communism is in its infancy, the Communist parties or fifth columns constitute a growing challenge and peril to Christian civilization. The outlook is also anxious in the Far East and especially in Manchuria. The agreement which was made at Yalta, to which I was a party, was extremely favorable to Soviet Russia, but it was made at a time when no one could say that the German war might not extend all through the summer and autumn of 1945 and when the Japanese war was expected by the best judges to last for a further eighteen months from the end of the German war. I repulse the idea that a new war is inevitable -- still more that it is imminent. It is because I am sure that our fortunes are still in our own hands and that we hold the power to save the future, that I feel the duty to speak out now that I have the occasion and the opportunity to do so. I do not believe that Soviet Russia desires war. What they desire is the fruits of war and the indefinite expansion of their power and doctrines. But what we have to consider here today while time remains, is the permanent prevention of war and the establishment of conditions of freedom and democracy as rapidly as possible in all countries. Our difficulties and dangers will not be removed by closing our eyes to them. They will not be removed by mere waiting to see what happens; nor will they be removed by a policy of appeasement. What is needed is a settlement, and the longer this is delayed, the more difficult it will be and the greater our dangers will become. From what I have seen of our Russian friends and allies during the war, I am convinced that there is nothing they admire so much as strength, and there is nothing for which they have less respect than for weakness, especially military weakness. For that reason the old doctrine of a balance of power is unsound. We cannot afford, if we can help it, to work on narrow margins, offering temptations to a trial of strength. Last time I saw it all coming and I cried aloud to my own fellow countrymen and to the world, but no one paid any attention. Up till the year 1933 or even 1935, Germany might have been saved from the awful fate which has overtaken her and we might all have been spared the miseries Hitler let loose upon mankind. There never was a war in history easier to prevent by timely action than the one which has just desolated such great areas of the globe. It could have been prevented, in my belief, without the firing of a single shot, and Germany might be powerful, prosperous and honored today; but no one would listen and one by one we were all sucked into the awful whirlpool. We must not let it happen again. This can only be achieved by reaching now, in 1946, a good understanding on all points with Russia under the general authority of the United Nations Organization and by the maintenance of that good understanding through many peaceful years, by the whole strength of the English-speaking world and all its connections. If the population of the English-speaking Commonwealth be added to that of the United States, with all that such cooperation implies in the air, on the sea, all over the globe, and in science and in industry, and in moral force, there will be no quivering, precarious balance of power to offer its temptation to ambition or adventure. On the contrary there will be an overwhelming assurance of security. If we adhere faithfully to the Charter of the United Nations and walk forward in sedate and sober strength, seeking no one's land or treasure, seeking to lay no arbitrary control upon the thoughts of men, if all British moral and material forces and convictions are joined with your own in fraternal association, the high roads of the future will be clear, not only for us but for all, not only for our time but for a century to come. 拓展： 丘吉尔铁幕演说的影响 当时美苏两国是世界上最强⼤的两个国家，俗话说“⼀⼭不容⼆虎”，随着战争的结束，共同敌⼈的消失，美苏之间的利益摩擦也就⽇趋剧烈，不只是单独的美苏之间的利益争夺，也是资本主义和共产主义两种截然不⽤的意识形态之间的⽃争，可以说在当时双⽅之间已经有了很多的摩擦，只是还碍于各种各样的原因没有摆到明⾯上来，⽽丘吉尔的这⼀场铁幕演说就是直接的撕开了双⽅的遮羞布，将整件事情挑明了。
阻止中国前进英文作文
阻止中国前进英文作文China's progress must be stopped at all costs. Therapid growth of China's economy and its increasinginfluence on the global stage pose a threat to the existing world order. If China continues to advance, it will undoubtedly challenge the dominance of Western powers and disrupt the current balance of power.The expansion of China's military capabilities is a cause for concern. With its growing military strength,China could potentially become a dominant force in theAsia-Pacific region, leading to increased tensions and the potential for conflict with neighboring countries.China's human rights record is another reason to haltits progress. The Chinese government's crackdown on dissent and its treatment of ethnic minorities, such as the Uighurs, is a clear violation of basic human rights. Allowing Chinato continue its rise without addressing these issues sendsa dangerous message to other countries and underminesglobal efforts to promote human rights.The environmental impact of China's development is also alarming. The country's rapid industrialization has led to severe pollution and environmental degradation, with far-reaching consequences for the planet. If China's progressis not curtailed, it will only exacerbate the global environmental crisis.China's growing technological prowess is yet another reason to put a stop to its advancement. The country's advancements in areas such as artificial intelligence and surveillance technology raise concerns about privacy and security on a global scale. Allowing China to continue unchecked in this area could have serious implications for the future of technology and its impact on society.In conclusion, it is imperative to halt China's progress for the greater good of the world. The potential consequences of allowing China to continue its rise are too severe to ignore. It is time for the internationalcommunity to take a stand and address the challenges posed by China's rapid advancement.。
中国应对能源危机的对策分析英语作文
中国应对能源危机的对策分析英语作文The energy crisis has become a pressing global issue in recent years as the world grapples with the depletion of fossil fuels and the need to transition to more sustainable energy sources. China, as the world's second-largest economy and a major energy consumer, has been at the forefront of this challenge. The country's rapid industrialization and urbanization have led to a significant increase in energy demand, putting a strain on its energy resources and the environment. In response, the Chinese government has implemented a comprehensive set of policies and strategies to address the energy crisis and ensure a sustainable energy future.One of the key strategies employed by China is the diversification of its energy mix. The country has been actively investing in the development of renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydropower, to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels. According to the National Energy Administration, China's installed renewable energy capacity reached 895 gigawatts (GW) in 2020, accounting for over 40% of the country's total installed power capacity. This rapid growth in renewable energy has been driven by a range ofgovernment policies, including feed-in tariffs, tax incentives, and mandatory renewable energy targets.In addition to the expansion of renewable energy, China has also been focusing on improving energy efficiency across various sectors. The government has implemented stricter energy-efficiency standards for buildings, appliances, and industrial processes, and has provided financial incentives for businesses and households to adopt energy-saving technologies. The country has also invested heavily in the development of smart grid technologies, which enable more efficient energy distribution and better integration of renewable energy sources.Another key component of China's energy strategy is the promotion of alternative fuel vehicles, particularly electric vehicles (EVs). The Chinese government has implemented a range of policies to support the development of the EV industry, including subsidies for EV purchases, the construction of charging infrastructure, and the implementation of strict emissions standards for traditional vehicles. As a result, China has become the world's largest EV market, with over 5 million EVs on the road as of 2020.Furthermore, China has been actively pursuing the development of nuclear power as a means of diversifying its energy mix and reducing its reliance on fossil fuels. The country has the world's largest nuclearpower program, with 54 operational nuclear reactors and an additional 17 under construction as of 2020. The government has set ambitious targets for the expansion of nuclear power, aiming to increase its installed nuclear capacity to 70 GW by 2025 and 200 GW by 2030.In addition to these technological and policy-based approaches, China has also been investing in the development of energy storage solutions to support the integration of renewable energy sources into the grid. The country has been a global leader in the deployment of large-scale energy storage projects, including pumped-storage hydroelectricity and battery energy storage systems. These technologies help to address the intermittency of renewable energy sources and ensure a more reliable and stable energy supply.Despite these efforts, China still faces significant challenges in its quest to address the energy crisis. One of the key challenges is the country's continued reliance on coal, which remains the dominant source of energy in China. Although the government has been working to reduce the use of coal, it still accounts for over 50% of the country's primary energy consumption. This heavy reliance on coal has led to significant environmental and health concerns, particularly in terms of air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.Another challenge is the need to balance the country's economicdevelopment and energy security with its environmental and climate change commitments. While China has made significant strides in the development of renewable energy, it still faces the challenge of ensuring a reliable and affordable energy supply to meet the growing demands of its rapidly expanding economy.To address these challenges, the Chinese government has been exploring a range of innovative solutions, including the development of carbon capture and storage technologies, the promotion of energy-efficient industrial processes, and the investment in research and development to support the commercialization of emerging energy technologies.In conclusion, China's response to the energy crisis has been multi-faceted and comprehensive, involving the diversification of its energy mix, the improvement of energy efficiency, the promotion of alternative fuel vehicles, and the development of nuclear power and energy storage solutions. While the country still faces significant challenges, its proactive and innovative approach to addressing the energy crisis serves as a model for other nations seeking to achieve a sustainable energy future.。
力量推动新进步的英语作文
Power is an essential driving force in the progress of human society.It propels the development of technology,economy,and culture,and leads to new advancements.Here is an essay on how power drives new progress in English:Title:The Role of Power in Driving New ProgressIntroduction:Power,in its various forms,has been a crucial element in the evolution of human civilization.It has shaped our societies,economies,and cultures,and continues to be a significant factor in driving new progress.Body:1.Technological Advancements:a.Power has been instrumental in the development of technology,from the steam engine to modern computers.b.It has enabled the creation of machines that have revolutionized industries,such as the automobile and the airplane.c.Power sources,like electricity and renewable energy,have opened up new possibilities for innovation and efficiency.2.Economic Growth:a.The availability of power has been a key factor in the growth of economies around the world.b.It has facilitated the expansion of industries,the creation of jobs,and the improvement of living standards.c.Access to power has also allowed for the development of trade and commerce, connecting economies globally.3.Cultural Development:a.Power has played a role in shaping cultural expressions,from the construction of monumental buildings to the creation of art and literature.b.It has enabled the preservation and dissemination of knowledge,allowing for the exchange of ideas and the growth of intellectual movements.c.Power has also been a catalyst for social change,as it has empowered individuals and communities to challenge existing norms and advocate for progress.4.Environmental Impact:a.While power has driven progress,it has also raised concerns about its environmental impact.b.The use of fossil fuels has contributed to climate change and pollution,prompting the search for cleaner,more sustainable power sources.c.The development of renewable energy technologies,such as solar and wind power, represents a new direction in the pursuit of progress that is both powerful and environmentally responsible.Conclusion:Power,in its many forms,has been and continues to be a vital force in driving new progress.As we move forward,it is essential to harness the potential of power responsibly,ensuring that it contributes to the betterment of society,economy,and the environment.By doing so,we can continue to innovate and advance,creating a brighter future for all.。
Mysteries of the Universe
The mysteries of the universe are vast and awe-inspiring, encompassing everything from the nature of dark matter and dark energy to the origins of the cosmos and the possibility of extraterrestrial life. Some of the most intriguing mysteries include:1.Dark Matter and Dark Energy: These are two of the most enigmaticcomponents of the universe, comprising the majority of its mass and energy. Yet, their true nature and properties remain largely elusive, challenging our understanding of the fundamental forces at play in the universe.2.The Big Bang: The origin of the universe itself is a profoundmystery, with the Big Bang theory providing a framework forunderstanding the rapid expansion of space and the subsequentevolution of galaxies, stars, and planets. However, manyquestions remain about what preceded the Big Bang and what lies beyond the observable universe.3.Black Holes: These enigmatic cosmic phenomena have captivatedscientists and the public alike, as their extreme gravitational pull and mysterious interiors defy our current understanding of physics. The nature of the singularity at the heart of a black hole and the potential links to other cosmic mysteries aresubjects of ongoing research.4.Exoplanets and the Search for Life: The discovery of thousandsof exoplanets beyond our solar system has fueled speculationabout the potential for life elsewhere in the universe.Understanding the conditions necessary for life to exist and the likelihood of finding extraterrestrial civilizations are among the most tantalizing mysteries in astronomy.5.Quantum Mechanics and Gravity: The quest to reconcile theprinciples of quantum mechanics with the force of gravityrepresents a major frontier in theoretical physics, withprofound implications for understanding the behavior of matter at the smallest and largest scales.These mysteries, among many others, continue to inspire scientists and philosophers to push the boundaries of human knowledge and imagination, offering a glimpse into the profound complexities of the cosmos.。
英语国家概况简答题+翻译
1.Shakespeare:Great Tragedies:Hamlet\ Macbeth\ Othello\ King LearGreat Comedies:The Merchant of Venice\The Twelfth Night\A Midsummer Night's Dream\As you like it2.The Privy Council was formerly the chief source of executive power in the state and give private advice to the King.So the Privy Council was also called the King's Council in history.Today its role is largely formal,advising the sovereign to approve certain government decrees.3.Civil ServiceImplementation of the Minister’s decisions is carried out by a permanent politically neutral organization known as the civil service.The civil service is non-political.Changes of government do not involve changes in departmental staff.Civil servants are recruited mainly by open competition.4. Norman ConquestIn 1066, Edward died childless. Harold, Edward’s brother-in-law, and William, Duke of Normandy, Edward’s Norman cousin, both claimed the throne.William, Duke of Normandy, crossed the Channel , killed Harold and defeated the English army at the battle of Hastings.After Norman Conquest, feudalism was established inEngland.5. Great CharterRichard I demanded more feudal taxes and army service. The lords became angry, marched to London and forced him to sign a long document on June 17th.The Great Charter contained 3 sets of provisions.It was made in the interests of the feudal lords.6.Bourgeoisie RevolutionCharles I ascended the throne in 1625.Like his father,he was constantly at loggerheads with Parliament.At the beginning of the Civil War,two camps were formed;the king's men were called "Cavaliers" and the supporters of parliament were called "Roundheads".The King ran away to join the revolt in 1648.The army,under the leadership of Cromwell,defeated the revolt in a few months.The king was recaptured on 1649.English then called itself a Commonwealth.7. Restoration of the StuartThe bourgeoisie compromised with the rightists and invited Charles II to come back from Holland to the throne in 1660.The expansion of James II’s power soon clashed with the interests of the bourgeoisie, and in 1688, the 2 parties of thebourgeoisie united and staged a bloodless coup d’ etat.8.What were the consequences of the British Industrial Revolution ?First, the industrial bourgeoisie gained supremacy in the 1840s.Second, productivity was greatly increased.Third, population was more and more concentrated in towns and cities.Fourth, the rapid growth of capitalism caused miseries and disasters among the working people.9. Why is the United States a melting pot?The United States has long been known as a “melting pot”, because it is a country of many ethnic groups from different parts of the world.There are many different Americans, who have been dissipating their different ethnic cultures toward some “standard” by living and working together in the “melting pot”of the United States and gradually forming a new nation.10. What are the 2 principles followed by the constitution ? Explain each.The Constitution follows two principles : the federal system and the “separation of powers”. The federal system means that the states have the right to self-government. There is also a division of powers among the three branches of the federal government: the legislative branch, the executive branchand the judicial branch. They are supposed to be independent of each other, but each checks the other two which calls for “checks and balances”.11. Use the process of law-making to illustrate the relationship between the president and congress.After both houses have passed the bill, it is sent to the President, who should sign it or veto it within ten days. If he vetoes the bill, it goes back to Congress; his veto may be overruled by a two-thirds vote of both houses of Congress and the bill then becomes a law.12. Use the process of impeachment to explain the relationship between the president and congress.Under the Constitution, a sitting President may be removed from office before his term expires only by an impeachment process whereby the House of Representatives, upon sufficient evidence, brings a “bill of impeachment”approved by two-thirds of its membership. Next there comes a trial in the Senate, with the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court as the judge and the Senators as the jury. In 1868, Congress tried to impeach President Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton, but both failed.13. When the first 13 colonies were established how werethey divided? What were their distinctive features in terms of economy?Firstly, the New England Colonies became a center for lumbering, shipping and fishing.Secondly, the Central Colonies became a region of small farms.Thirdly, the Southern Colonies developed a plantation system with the exploitation of slave labor.14. the Stamp ActThe British Parliament passed the Stamp Act of 1765, which required that a stamp, purchased from the British government, be placed on all legal documents, newspaper and other printed materials. The reaction from the colonies was so violent that the British government was forced to repeal the Act.15. Boston Tea PartyIn 1773, the British government passed the Tea Act, which permitted the British East India Company to sell tea directly to its agents in the colonies. A group of Boston citizens, who disguised themselves as Indians, boarded three British ships in the labor and tossed a cargo of tea worth 17000 overboard. 16.Monroe DoctrineIn 1823,President James Monroe announced his "Monroe Doctrine",which warned the European powers against anyattempt at intervention in Latin American affairs with the aim of keeping Latin American countries for the United States itself. 17. Cuban Missile CrisisIn 1962 after the discovery of Soviet nuclear missile bases in Cuba,the US imposed naval as well as air blockade on Cuba while Pres.Kennedy demanded that the Soviet Union dismantle the missiles.For several days the world stood on the brink of its first nuclear war,however,the USSR later removed the missiles.18.我们认为下述真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物主赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利，其中包括生存权，自由权和追求幸福的权利。
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• Global Primacy and the Cold War
• New Challenges after the Cold War
Economic and Territorial Expansion
• Economic rationale:
• Opening new markets; helping commercial sectors with trading partners • Implementing tariffs and low-interest loans to promote U.S. trade. • Growing the agricultural sector
• 1914:
• European conflicts over territory and nationality • President Wilson attempts to keep Utional interests threatened by German navy sinking merchant vessels; U.S. declares war on Germany • Sinking of the Lusitania • Russian withdrawal • Security concerns • U.S. deploys supplies, weapons, and medical help along with reinforcement troops
• U.S. expansion during early years, not isolationist in total
U.S. Foreign Policy: The Paradox of World Power
Economic and Territorial Expansion (cont.)
• Open door policy:
• U.S. opens up trade with Chinese ports for to foreclose European dominance of China trade
U.S. Foreign Policy: The Paradox of World Power
• Fighting Two World Wars
• • •
• • • • • •
The First World War Failed Efforts to Keep the Peace The Second World War
New Structures of Foreign Policy Regional Conflicts and the Vietnam Syndrome The End of the Cold War Elements of the New World Order Overseas Unrest and Domestic Unease September 11 and the War on Terror
• 1918:
• Germany surrenders due to U.S. reinforcement measures
U.S. Foreign Policy: The Paradox of World Power
World War I and the Failed Attempt at Collective Security
• Conflicts with Native Americans regarding expansion of democracy • Importation of African slaves for free agriculture labor • Jefferson’s executive authority in the Louisiana Purchase • U.S. influence in Latin America after detachment from Great Britain (regional hegemony)
• Examples: • Received Nobel Peace prize for negotiating end of Russo-Japanese War • Deployed naval armada around the globe to show U.S. strength
• Roosevelt corollary to Monroe Doctrine:
• Moralistic rationale:
• Manifest Destiny: cultural and religious justification for westward territorial expansion
• 1845: Texas annexed • 1848: Mexican government relinquishes territory after defeat
U.S. Foreign Policy: The Paradox of World Power
Chapter 2 Outline
• Economic and Territorial Expansion
• • • Manifest Destiny on the Western Frontier Opening the Door to Asia A Big Stick in Latin America
• U.S. involvement in Latin America justified to secure U.S. economic interests and stable regimes
U.S. Foreign Policy: The Paradox of World Power
The First World War
• No entangling alliances • Unlike high-conflict European states • Limited institutions for foreign policy making and implementation
U.S. Foreign Policy: The Paradox of World Power
Economic and Territorial Expansion (cont.)
• Debates on how to pursue becoming a powerful nation
• Alexander Hamilton: strong industrial setting and large central government • Thomas Jefferson: small farming communities and strong state power
• Congress and the president share foreign policy power • Separation of powers and institutional design did not encourage diplomacy • Trade was the main foreign policy goal • U.S. expanded westward without European involvement
U.S. Foreign Policy: The Paradox of World Power
Justifying Expansion
• Political rationale:
• Monroe Doctrine detached U.S. from Europe, but strengthened regional hegemony, declaring regional sphere of influence
U.S. Foreign Policy: The Paradox of World Power
Opening the Door to Asia
• U.S. seeks additional markets and territory in Asia
• Gunboat diplomacy:
• Naval vessels sent to Tokyo, resulting in treaty of friendship between U.S. and Japan
2. The Expansion of U.S. Power
Why History Matters
• Ideas and experiences of framers and leaders has shaped American institutions and policies
• Past interactions with other countries sheds light on current relationships • U.S. power has changed over time • International relations of countries and organizations has changed over time
• World War I to Post–September 11
• U.S. global commitments and expanding world power • Global supremacy and entanglement
• What domestic and international institutions were created along the way? How?
U.S. Foreign Policy: The Paradox of World Power