英语国家社会与文化入门(上)翻译
英语国家社会与文化第四版上册课文Unit4翻译
英语国家社会与文化第四版上册课文Unit4翻译伦敦是一座充满反差的城市，历史和传统悠久，但始终处于当代时尚和思想的前沿。
景点不胜枚举，但包括威斯敏斯特大教堂、白金汉宫和伦敦塔等世界著名景点。
在特拉法加广场漫步，在牛津街购物，千万不要错过最新的热门之旅——伦敦眼——一个巨大的摩天轮，可以俯瞰壮丽的景色。
对于那些喜欢戏剧的人来说，伦敦西区有大量精选的戏剧和演出。
对于博物馆迷来说，大英博物馆和科学博物馆是世界上最好的博物馆之一。
泰特美术馆和国家美术馆收藏了一些世界上最伟大的艺术作品。
有关伦敦附近游客目的地的信息，请访问英国母国、东安格利亚和英格兰中部的WorldWeb旅行指南。
威斯敏斯特大教堂威斯敏斯特大教堂可追溯到1045年，当时由爱德华一世国王建造。
今天，它仍然是一个经常礼拜的地方，也是许多王室庆祝和抱怨的场所。
国王和其他庄严的人物埋葬在这里。
它占地32000平方英尺，是一个建筑奇迹。
教堂使用的钟可以追溯到13世纪和16世纪。
白金汉宫白金汉宫是英国女王在伦敦的官邸，也是世界上最知名的建筑之一。
它装饰和装饰着艺术作品，这些作品是皇家收藏的一部分，皇家收藏是世界上主要的艺术收藏之一。
宫殿的部分区域定期向游客开放。
游客可以参观女王接待和款待客人的一些国务室。
国务室里有一些皇家收藏中最好的物品和令人叹为观止的法国家具。
客人还可以探索宫殿内的一些公寓。
塔桥于1885年开始建造，9年后开放。
这是伦敦唯一一座可以升高的桥。
桥内有塔桥体验，这解释了这座桥100年的历史。
伦敦塔景点。
白塔始建于1078年，是后来成为伦敦塔的第一座建筑。
官方名称是“女王陛下的皇宫和要塞——伦敦塔”。
随着时间的推移，原始结构中添加了一些内容。
一些额外的塔楼包括皇冠珠宝，圣。
托马斯之塔、盐塔以及更多。
威斯敏斯特宫外的钟楼通常被称为大本钟。
关于大本钟，大多数人不知道的是，真正的大本钟实际上是塔内的钟，而不是塔楼本身。
威斯敏斯特宫包括议会大厦。
英语国家社会与文化入门（上册）汉语译文之英国UKeconomy
Absolute Decline and RelativeDecline到19世纪80年代英国经济在世界上占主导地位产生一个世界上，一半的煤，铁，半制成品的棉花三分之一。
英国航运数额更大的世界其他地区加起来比。
但即使到1900年这不再是这样，英国有超过都被美国和德国，当然也从1945年到现在，对英国经济的故事通常是作为一个思想的下降。
这是可以理解的，而是误导，因为它实际上一直是经济稳定增长时期，迅速提高生活水平。
英国仍然是七工业经济大集团之一。
但也有描述为这一时期下降的原因之一。
中英双方作为第二次世界大战的成功盟友之一战后世界，同其主要竞争对手的一些国家，如德国和日本，经济遭到破坏。
同时英国是一个更加庞大帝国的中心。
数字显示，英国是仅次于美国在国际经济中。
因此，英国当时显然是在强大的经济地位，它的地位显然不再占据，这表明一些下降排序。
但基本的正面描述的经济规模表面上的事实，世界贸易是英国比例很高，因此在1945年，没有透露有关英国的立场，重要的负面事实即使这样。
首先该国了负债累累，以资助战争，累计出售其海外资产多，借用美国和加拿大的大量资金。
这些债务意味着英国进入一个重大的经济问题，战后时代。
其次，帝国时代已经结束。
印度，俗称为“在大英帝国的皇冠”珠宝称，1947年取得独立，只有2年后战争结束。
这是在帝国的最大元素，提供原材料，并为英国商品的大市场。
这与印度的关系已不再可用，帝国的其它国家也纷纷仿效印度独立，剩下的只是一个中等规模的欧洲国家，英国的人口只有五分之一的美国的大小，第三，尽管相对快速和顺利的非殖民化自由的过程中，英国仍然不得不维持一个庞大而昂贵的地方，许多海外的军事存在，直到该进程完成（主要是由60年代末）。
此外，政府立场的其中一个职位的塑造者，战后世界需要大量的军事贡献，作为北约的主要伙伴之一两者，作为安理会常任理事国。
所有这一切的结果是英国用于军事比其大多数竞争对手其国民财富（尤其是其研究和开发预算）的比例较高。
英语国家社会与文化入门全文翻译
英语国家社会与文化入门全文翻译ABriefIntroductiontotheUnitedKingdom该国，我们正在研究的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
这是一个什么在许多方面是一个复杂的国家复杂的名字。
大多数人都知道做些什么，因为它的庞大的海外帝国给它一个重要的国际作用，只是来到一个在未来数年年底，之后第二次世界大战。
然而，一些市民对英国知道（他们可能会呼吁干脆英国或错误，英格兰）可能不大如何最真实的英国人今天过自己的生活。
一方面，帝国的日子已经足够长的时间以前，只有老人记得他们的任何东西是生活中的重要性。
英国不再是一个帝国的国家，尽管其帝国的影响可能常常在遇到的各种方式，而不是在与50或更多曾是这个帝国的一部分，和国家之间的密切关系，至少它通过一个松散的维持（自愿）组织的联系称为英联邦国家。
但更重要的英国国际关系今天是欧洲联盟，其中英国1973年以来的成员，这是在考虑更有用现代英国强调它的作用作为一个欧洲国家，而不是其英联邦成员资格。
它仍然是一个相对富裕的国家，是7国集团成员的大型发达经济体。
另外一个旧帝国的作用明显成效在于弥补的英国人口本身。
从这些英联邦国家，这在20世纪50年代和60年代鼓励一些移民，已制作了其中1人在20个非欧洲种族。
他们自己或其父母或祖父母，出生在印度或巴基斯坦，加勒比国家，这些只是最常见的。
这将引入什么是对英国的章节关键主题：因为是大多数情况下，或所有，国家是不可能总结了一些简单的对话英国人民。
英国认为谁，很多人认为的英国绅士。
但是，这仅仅是一个旧有的从未适用于英国绝大多数人来说，没有什么真正的有效性今天。
英国是一个国家，一个单一的护照，和一个政府及对其所有的主权，但作为国家的大力顾名思义，它是由不同的元素组成。
它包括4一个国家内的部分国家：大不列颠岛是由英格兰，苏格兰和威尔士，北爱尔兰，一份关于爱尔兰邻近的岛屿省份，完成设置。
因此，在讨论英国和英国的一些考虑，必须使这些分歧，例如：一个来自苏格兰的女人不会高兴，如果我们打电话给她的英国绅士？她是苏格兰和女性，并认为她的身份从不同的男人和不同的英语。
英语国家社会与文化入门上册第三版
判断题第一单元1、Britain is no longer an imperial〔帝国〕country(T)2、The Commonwealth〔英联邦〕of Nations includes all European countries(F)3、1 in 10 of the British population are of non-European ethnicity〔种族〕(F)4、The stereotype〔刻板印象〕of the English gentleman never applied to the majority of the British people(T)5、When people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britain sometimes(T)6、The Scots and Welsh〔苏格兰和威尔士〕have a strong sense of being British(F)7、Scotland〔苏格兰〕was never conquered by the Romans〔罗马人〕(T)8、Most people in Scotland speak the Celtic〔凯尔特〕language, called “Gaelic”(F)9、Scotland was unified with England through peaceful means(T)10、Wales〔威尔士〕is rich in coal〔煤炭〕deposits〔存款〕(T)11、Cardiff〔卡迪夫〕, the capital of Wales, is a large city(F)12、The title of Prince〔王子〕of Wales is held by a held by a Welsh according to tradition(F) 第二单元1、Ireland is part of Great Britain(F)2、“Ulster〔阿尔斯特〕”, referring to Northern Ireland, was once an ancient Irish Kingdom〔王国〕(T)3、The capital of Belfast〔贝尔法斯特〕is a large city with half a million people(F)4、Northern Ireland is significant〔重要的〕because of its manufacturing〔制造业〕industry(F)5、The majority of Irish people were descendants〔后代〕of the original Celtic〔凯尔特〕people who inhabited British Isles〔群岛〕before the Romans arrived 2000 years ago(T)6、Most British people are Protestants〔新教徒〕while most Irish people are Catholics〔天主教徒〕(T)7、The British government does not have direct rule from London over Northern Ireland(T)8、Sinn Fein〔新芬党〕is a legal political party in Northern Ireland(T)9、The Anglo-Irish〔岗格鲁-爱尔兰〕Agreement of 1985 guaranteed the loyalist〔政府军〕Protestant community〔社区〕their to decide their future in Northern Ireland(T)10、The Good Friday Agreement〔协议〕was approved on 10 April 1998(T)11、Northern Ireland today is governed by separate jurisdictions〔司法管辖区〕: thatf Republic 〔共和国〕of Ireland that of Great Britain(F)第三单元1、It is no doubt that Britain is the oldest representative democracy〔民主〕in the world(F)2、In Britain, the process of state-building〔国家建设〕has been one of evolution rather than revolution, contrast to France and the US〔与法国和美国相比〕(T)3、The oldest institution〔机构〕of government in Britain is the Monarchy〔君主政体〕(T)4、The divine〔神圣的〕right of the king means the sovereign〔主权〕derived〔派生的〕his authority〔权威〕from his subjects〔主题〕(F)5、As the king in theory had God on his side, it was thought that he should exercise absolute〔绝对〕power(F)6、The term “parliament〔议会〕”was first officially used in 1066 to describe the gathering of feudal barons〔封建贵族〕and representatives from counties and towns(F)7、Britain is both a parliamentary democracy〔议会民主制〕and a constitutional monarchy〔君主立宪制〕(T)8、Britain, like Israel, has a written constitution of the sort which most countries have(F)9、Common laws are laws which have been established〔建立〕through common practice〔实践〕in the courts〔法院〕(T)第四单元1、In the UK, a government cannot stand for longer than five years except in exceptional circumstances〔情况下〕(T)2、Anyone who is eligible〔符合条件的〕to vote with 500 pounds as deposit〔存款〕can stand as an MP〔国会议员〕(F)3、Each main party is given some time on national TV to “sell”their policies. The time is not given free and has to be paid by the party(T)4、The amount spent in national campaign〔运动〕is not limited other than that on TV(F)5、Secrecy〔保密〕is not an important part of the voting process(T)6、There are two major national parties in the U.K. according to the text(F)7、Liberal Democratic〔自由民主〕party is the newest of the major national parties(F)8、Children from the upper-middle-class〔中上层阶级〕usually have a better education than those from the working or middle-class(T)9、The majority of middle-class people today have working class parents or grandparents(T)10、One of the distinctive features〔独特的特征〕about the British class-system is that it has also retained〔保留〕a hereditary aristocracy〔世袭的贵族〕(T)11、The majority of Britain’s recent immigrants have mainly come from North Asia〔北亚〕and Caribbean〔加勒比〕countries(F)12、Most immigrants earn a living by opening restaurants or becoming musicians(F)13、The majority have problems of unemployment published its Household Energy Management Strategy〔家庭能源管理策略〕(T)14、On March 2, 2010, the British government publish its Household Energy Management Strategy(T)15、On December 27, 2009 the TN Climate〔气候〕Change Conference was held in Copenhagen(T)16、According to the Kyoto Protocol〔京都议定书〕, the government has agreed that the UK will meet tough targets〔艰难的目标〕to reduce carbon emissions incrementally〔增量〕between now and 2020(F)第五单元1、By the 1880’s the British economy was dominant〔主导〕in the world(T)2、Both the US and Canada overtook Britain in economy by 1900(F)3、By the end of World War II, Britain had gone heavily into debt〔债务〕in order to develop its manufacturing industry and borrowed large amounts from the US and France(F)4、Another reason for British decline is the loss of its colonies〔殖民地〕, especially India, which gained its independence in 1947(T)5、In the 1970s, with the soaring〔飙升的〕price of oil and high rates of inflation〔通货膨胀〕, Britain went through a bad period. In 1979, the Labour party had to step down〔下台〕from the government (T)6、The leader of the Conservatives〔保守派〕, Margaret Thatcher〔玛格丽特-撒切尔〕starteda series of reforms. An extensive〔广泛的〕programme of privatization〔私有的〕was carriedout, and she was successful in an all-round〔全面的〕way (F)7、Tertiary〔三级〕industries include banking, insurance〔保险〕, tourism〔旅游〕, agriculture and the selling of goods (F)8、Britain has a large sector〔部门〕of agriculture producing 11.6% of its national wealth (F)9、According to the text, the tertiary〔三级〕industry produces approximately〔大约〕two-thirds of the national wealth (T)10、The service industry in the UK employs 70% of the total work force (T)11、As a member of the World Trade Organization, the UK is playing a very important role in the world trade (T)12、The UK is the third biggest international investor〔投资者〕in the world (F)第六单元1、Much early British literature was concerned with Christianity〔基督教〕, and Anglo-Saxons 〔盎格鲁-撒克逊人〕produced many versions〔版本〕of the Bible〔圣经〕(T)2、Beowulf〔贝奥武夫〕was a sea monster〔海怪〕killed by a Swedish warrior〔瑞典战士〕(F)3、“The Wife of Bath〔浴的妻子〕”is one of the tales〔故事〕contained in The Canterbury Tales 〔坎特伯雷故事集〕(T)4、There was a general flowering of culture and intellectual〔知识〕life in Europe during the 17th and 18th century which is known as “The Renaissance〔文艺复兴时期〕”(F)5、William Shakespeare〔威廉·莎士比亚〕is a great poet and much is known of his life (F)6、Keats, Shelley and Byron〔济慈、雪莱和拜伦〕brought the Romantic Movement〔浪漫主义运动〕to its height (T)7、Robinson Crusoe〔鲁宾逊漂流记〕tells the story of a shipwreck and solitary survival〔海难和孤独的生存〕(T)8、Writers of romantic literature〔浪漫主义文化〕are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason (T)9、Don Juan〔唐璜〕is an epic poem〔史诗〕composed by John Milton〔约翰·弥尔顿〕(F)10、Thomas Hardy〔托马斯·哈代〕, the author of Tess of the D’Urbervilles〔德伯家的苔丝〕, was also a first-class〔一流的〕poet (T)第七单元1、The purpose of British education is not only to provide children with literacy〔读写能力〕and the other basic skills but also to socialize〔社交〕children (T)2、The state seldom interferes〔干扰〕with the decision of when, where, how and what children are taught (F)3、The enduring feature〔持久特征〕of British education is the continuing debate over what should be taught in schools (F)4、The 1944 Education Act made entry to secondary schools〔中学〕and universities “meritocratic〔精英〕”(T)5、Public schools are part of the national education system and funded by the government (F)6、British universities are public bodies which receive funds from central government (T)7、All secondary schools in Britain are run and supervised〔监督〕by the government (T)8、In Oxford and Cambridge the BA converts to an MA several years later, upon payment of a fee (T)9、Independent schools get money mainly through the private sector〔部门〕and tuition〔学费〕rates, with some government support (T)10、Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education(F)第八单元1、When the Second World War ended, Britain no longer was the largest military〔军事〕power in Western Europe (F)2、The UK was awarded〔授予〕a seat on the UN〔联合国〕Security Council〔安理会〕in recognition〔识别〕of its contribution in setting up the United Nations (F)3、According to the text, the most important single factor which influences British policy-maker is its history (T)4、The Prime Minister and Cabinet〔内阁〕decide on the general direction of Britain’s foreign policy (T)5、The main government department involved is the Foreign and Commonwealth Office〔外交和联邦事务部〕(FCO) (T)6、Britain is a parliamentary monarch〔议会君主〕(F)7、There are about 60 members of the Commonwealth〔英联邦〕(F)8、The British host a large American Military〔军事〕presence and there are 63 American military bases in the UK (T)9、Britain is not a member of the NATO〔北约〕due to its disagreement with some European countries on defence policy (F)第九单元1、On an average day, an overwhelming〔压倒性的〕majority of Britons over the age of 15 red a nation or local paper〔报纸〕(T)2、The British media play an important role in shaping〔塑造〕a national culture (T)3、In the late seventeenth and early 18th century, as the British economy began to industrialise, and as literacy levels rose through the introduction of mass education, more and newspapers began to appear (F)4、Free press has the function of keeping an eye on the government, and therefore it is called the watchdog〔监管机构〕of parliamentary democracy〔议会民主制〕(T)5、The Advertising Code〔广告代码〕ensures that advertisements are legal, decent〔体面地〕, honest and truthful; have a sense of responsibility for consumer and society; and respect the principles of fair competition〔竞争〕(T)6、It is incorrect to say that class and educational differences are reflected in the newspapers people read (F)7、The Telegraph readers, for example, will be soft on crime〔犯罪〕, be quite feminist〔女权主义〕and interested in green politics (F)8、The tabloids〔小报〕are smaller format〔格式〕newspapers with colour photos and catchy headlines〔吸引人的标题〕. They are often called “the gutter press〔黄色小报〕”(T)9、The British Broadcasting Corporation is funded by licence〔许可证〕fees and viewers must buya licence each year for their TV set (T)10、The BBC〔英国广播公司〕World Service, the international branch of the BBC, broadcasts in English and 42 other languages throughout the world (T)第十单元1、The tradition of having Sunday off derived from〔来自〕the Christian Church〔基督教堂〕(T)2、The origin of Bowling〔打保龄球〕lies in the victory celebration ceremony〔仪式〕by the ancient warriors (T)3、Tennis〔网球〕is usually regarded as a winter and spring sport (F)4、The game of golf was invented by the Scottish〔苏格兰〕(T)5、The animal-lovers’groups would like to have horse racing banned〔禁止〕(T)6、Easter〔复活节〕is the biggest and best loved British holiday (F)7、Christmas Pantomime〔哑剧〕is one of the three Christmas traditions that are particularly British (T)8、It is commonly believed that Boxing Day involves the sport of boxing (F)9、The biggest Bonfire Night〔篝火之夜〕celebration is held in London (F)10、In Ireland, New Year’Eve called Hogma除夕〕(December 31st) is the major winter celebration (T)选择题第一单元1、which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of London? (D/The sports centre)2、Which of the following is NOT true about the characteristics of Britain? (B/Differences of social systems between Scotland and Wales〔威尔士〕)3、Which of the following is NOT True about Britain? (D/It used to be one of the superpowers in the world)4、Three of the following are characteristics of London. Which of the four is the EXCEPTION? (C/London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in the world)5、The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the centre of London, was built by (D/William the Conqueror)6、Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England? (A/The Anglo-Saxons〔盎格鲁-撒克逊人〕)7、Which is the largest city in Scotland? (C/Glasgow〔格拉斯哥〕)8、Why did the Scottish Kings decide to form an independent singular Scottish〔奇异的苏格兰〕state in the century? (A/They needed a unified independent nation to fight against Viking raids〔维京人袭击〕)9、Where do the majority of people in Scotland live? (B/In the Lowlands〔低地〕)10、Which of the following statements is NOT true? (B/Wales was occupied by the Anglo-Saxons 〔盎格鲁-撒克逊人〕)11、Which of the following parties in Scotland still wants an independent Scotland? (C/The Scottish Nationalist〔民族主义〕Party)12、When did Scotland join the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments〔议会〕?(D/In 1701)13、Llywelyn ap Gruffudd is not a simple historical figure for the Welsh. He is almost considered the legendary〔传奇〕hero of Welsh nationalism because (D/he unified Wales as an independent nation)第二单元1、In the 17th century the English government encouraged people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland, because (A/they wanted to increase its control over Ireland)2、In 1969, the first British soldiers were seen on Northern Ireland street. They came first (B/to protect Catholics〔天主教徒〕)3、Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quite well-known in the world for (D/its endless political problems)4、Faced with conflicting demands the British government chose a compromise〔妥协〕and organized a partition of Ireland in 1921, because (B/the British government intended to satisfy both sides-Catholics〔天主教〕and Protestants〔新教〕)5、Which of the following statements is NOT true? (C/The Social Democratic〔社会民主党〕and Labour Party〔劳动党〕is a very important political party in Britain)6、In the early 1970s, the IRA〔爱尔兰共和军〕(D/carried out a series of bombing and shooting and attacked the security force as their main target)7、1972 was the worst year of the political troubles in Northern Ireland, because (B/468 people were killed in Northern Ireland)8、Why did the British government decide to replace the power-sharing policy with “direct-rule 〔直接统治〕”from London? (D/All the above)9、Which of the following statements is NOT true? (C/Margaret Thatcher〔玛格丽特-撒切尔〕’s government gave in to their political demand)10、How many counties are there in Northern Ireland? (B/6)11、Which of the following agreement is accepted by both Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland? (C/The Good Friday Agreement)12、According to the Good Friday Agreement, Northern Ireland today should be governed by the following jurisdictions〔司法管辖区〕except (B/the jurisdiction of loyalist minist(部长))第三单元1、Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of British government? (A/It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power)2、Which of the following kings was executed(执行〕in the civil war? (C/Charles〔查尔斯〕1)3、What happened in 1215? (B/Forced by barons〔贵族〕, King John signed the Magna Carta〔大宪章〕)4、Which of the following is NOT true about the Great Council? (C/It later developed into what we now know as the Cabinet〔内阁〕)5、Under whose reign〔统治〕was the Bill of Rights passed? (B/William of Orange)6、Which of the following is NOT related to the Constitution? (A/It is a written document which lists out the basic principles for government)7、Which of the following statements is NOT correct? (D/Parliament〔议会〕has no power to change the terms of the Constitution)8、Which of the following is NOT a true description of the Queen’s role? (A/The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet〔内阁〕)9、Which of the following is NOT a feature of the House of Lords〔上议院〕? (C/The lords〔领主〕are expected to represent the interests of the public)10、Which of the following is NOT based on the fact? (A/Members of Parliament〔议会〕elect the Prime Minister and the Cabinet)第四单元1、Which group of people cannot vote in the general election? (B/Lords〔领主〕in the House of Lords)2、By whom is a “vote of no confidence”decided? (A/The House of Commons)3、Which of the following is NOT true about the electoral campaigns〔选举活动〕? (A/Big parties can buy time to broadcast their policies on the television)4、How many seats in the House of Commons should a part hold at least in order to win the election? (B/326)5、Which of the following description about the Conservative〔保守的〕party is NOT true? (D/It is known as a party of high taxation〔税收) levels)6、Which period of time in British history was described as “private affluence and public squalor(肮脏〕”? (C/The 1980s)7、Who is the leader of the Labour party at present? (C/Gordon Brown)8、Which of the following is NOT true abort life peers〔同行〕? (B/They cannot sit in the House of Lords)9、Which of the following statements is NOT true about class system in the UK? (B/Class division is only decided by people’s income)10、Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the hereditary aristocracy〔世袭贵族〕in the UK? (C/They are the richest people in the UK)11、Which of the following is NOT an effect of immigration on British society? (B/Class tension has increased)12、Which of the following is Not a true description of the situation of ethnic minorities〔少数民族〕in the UK? (A/They are well represented in the British Parliament〔议会〕)13、Which of the following is NOT included in Household Energy Management Strategy〔能量管理策略〕? (C/Every household will have produced their electricity from renewable〔可再生〕energy resources)第五单元1、Which of the following statements is NOT true about the UK economy? (C/There has been a period of steady decreasing of living standards)2、Which of the following was NOT the reason for the relative economic decline since 1945? (C/Britain had carried out the nationalization of the businesses)3、Which of the following livestock〔牲畜〕has the biggest number in the UK? (D/Sheep)4、Where is the best agricultural land in Britain? (A/In the southeast of England)5、Which of the following is NOT a company in the energy sector〔部门〕? (B/ICI)6、Which of the following used to be the last independent car company in the UK? (C/Rover〔探测器〕)7、In the aerospace〔航空航天〕industry, which of the following, countries is ahead of Britain? (B/The U.S.)8、Which civil airline was started in 1924 after the First World War? (A/Imperial Airways〔帝国航空公司〕)9、What did Frank Whittle〔弗兰克·惠特尔〕do in 1937? (B/He developed the first jet〔飞机〕engine)10、Which company became an important aero-engine〔航空发动机〕manufacturer after WWI? (B/Rolls Royce〔劳斯莱斯〕)11、Which of the following two companies merged into British Aerospace〔航空航天〕? (A/The British Aircraft Corporation and Hawker-Siddeley Aviation)12、Which of the following countries is the last to come out of recession〔大萧条〕? (C/Britain)第六单元1、Which of the following books is written by Geoffrey Chaucer〔杰弗里·乔叟〕? (A/The Canterbury Tales〔坎特伯雷故事集〕)2、Which literary form flourished〔蓬勃发展〕in Elizabethan age〔伊丽莎白时代〕more than any other form of literature? (C/Drama)3、Among the following writers, who was NOT one of the great 三人组〕〔? (C/Thomas Malory)4、Which of the following did NOT belong to Romanticism〔浪漫主义〕? (D/Defoe〔笛福〕)5、Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare? (B/Macbeth〔麦克白〕)6、Which of the following writers was the most famous Scottish novelist? (D/Sir Walter Scott〔沃尔特·斯科特爵士〕)7、Several gifted women played a significant part in the 19th-century literature. Which of the following is an exception? (A/Virginia Woolf〔弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫〕)8、Which of the following writers was NOT associated with Modernism〔现代主义〕? (C/Charles Dickens〔查尔斯·狄更斯〕)9、Which of the following is generally considered to be the masterpiece〔杰作〕by Joseph Conrad 〔约瑟夫·康拉德〕? (B/The Heart of Darkness〔黑暗的心〕)10、Which of the following writers wrote the book 1984 that began “Postmodernism〔后现代主义〕”in British literature? (A/George Orwell〔乔治·奥威尔〕)第七单元1、In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to (C/state schools)2、In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 (B/can legally receive completely free education)3、If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he will take the examination called (B/General Certificate of Secondary Education)4、Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain? (D/The University of Buckingham)5、Which of the following is NOT true? (D/Parents send their children to public schools because their children prefer to go to public schools)6、Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Open University? (C/No university degree is awarded)7、In the examination called “the 11 plus”, students with academic potential go to (A/grammar schools)8、Which of the following is NOT included in the National Curriculum〔课程〕? (B/Children must sit in A-level exams)9、Which of the following is NOT true about the British education system? (D/It’s dominated by the state)10、Which of the following schools would admit children without reference to their academic abilities? (A/comprehensive〔全面的〕schools)第八单元1、The author holds that Britain has a big influence on the postwar international order because (B/It had a strong military〔军事〕power and prestige〔声望〕)2、Which countries are the permanent members of the UN Security Council? (C/China, Russia, France, Britain and the United States)3、How much of the globe did Britain rule in its imperial prime〔帝国主义〕? (C/A third of the globe)4、The present British foreign policy is mainly influenced by some of the following factors. Which one is an exception? (D/Its schizophrenic〔精神分裂症〕attitude to Europe)5、Which of the following is not involved in making the British foreign policy? (A/The Queen of Britain)6、Nowadays the British foreign policy is largely shaped by its participation in (C/the United Nations, the EU, NATO〔北约〕, etc)7、Which of the following statements is not true? (B/63 American military〔军事〕bases are under the command of Britain)8、Which of the following countries does not have nuclear weapons capabilities? (C/Italy)9、Three of the following factors have contributed to Britain’s special relationship with the United States to a certain degree. Which is the exception? (B/They have common interests in every respect)10、Why does Britain have its nuclear naval force? (B/Because it’s a traditional sea power)第九单元1、Which of the following is the world’s oldest national newspaper? (C/The Observer〔观察者〕)2、Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper? (D/The Times)3、Which of the following statements is not true about the British media? (B/They are mainly interested in making huge profits by publishing advertisements)4、A free press is considered very important to the functioning of parliamentary〔议会〕democracy〔民主〕because (A/ it plays a watchdog function〔监督功能〕, keeping an eye on the government )5、In Britain most advertising is carried (A/ in newspapers)6,、Which of the following about the BBC〔英国广播公司〕is NOT true? (C/The BBC has four channels)7、How many newspapers are there in Britain? (B/About 1400)8、Which of the following newspapers is printed internationally? (C/The Financial Times)9、Which of the following newspapers is a tabloid〔小报〕? (A/The News of the World)10、Which of the following about the tabloids is not true? (A/They are bormat〔格式〕newspapers)第十单元1、Which of the following was NOT an activity in Shakespeare’s time? (D/Attending the Grand National)2、Which of the following sports was NOT invented in Britain? (C/Basketball)3、Which of the following is NOT true about football in Britain? (C/It was invented by the Scottish people)4、Where are international tennis championships held? (B/Wimbledon〔温布尔登网球公开赛〕)5、Which of the following is truly a sport of the royal family? (D/Horse racing)6、Which one of the following is NOT particularly British Christmas tradition? (C/eating chocolate eggs on Easter〔复活节〕Day)7、Easter commemorates〔为了纪念〕(D/ the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ〔耶稣基督的受难和复活〕)8、Which community observes the traditional Ramadan〔斋月〕? (D/Muslim〔穆斯林〕)9、Which celebration particularly happens on the Queen’s birthday? (C/Trooping〔阅兵仪式〕the Colour)10、Which of the following commemorates〔为了纪念〕the Battle of Boyne〔博因河战役〕? (D/The Orange March in Northern Ireland)11、Of which people is Robert Burns〔罗伯特·彭斯〕a national poet? (C/The Scottish people)12、On which day is Halloween〔万圣节〕celebrated? (A/October 31st)。
英语国家社会与文化入门Unit1
Unit 1一、判断1、Britain is no longer an imperial country.（T）英国不再是一个帝国主义国家。
2、The Commonwealth of Nations includes all European countries.（F）英联邦的国家包括所有欧洲国家。
3、1 in 10 of the British population are of non-European ethnicity.（F）十分之一个非欧洲的英国人口的种族。
4、The stereotype of the English gentleman never applied to the majority of British people.（T）刻板印象的英国绅士永远适用于大多数的英国人。
5、When people outside the UK talk about England,they mistake it as Britain sometimes.（T）当英国以外的人谈论英国,有时他们的错误这是英国。
6、The scots and Welsh have a strong sence of being British.（F）苏格兰和威尔士有强烈的感觉是英国人。
7、Scotland was never conquered by the Romans.（T）苏格兰从未被罗马人征服。
8、MMost people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language,called"Gaelic".（F）大多数人在苏格兰古老的凯尔特语言,称为“盖尔语”。
9、Scotland was unified with England through peaceful means.（T）苏格兰与英格兰通过和平方式统一。
10、Wales is rich in coal deposits.（T）威尔士有丰富的煤炭储量。
英语国家社会与文化入门(高清上册))
UNIT 6 1. In what way do you think that religious freedom was a historical necessity in the United States? 1. By the middle of the 18th century, many different kinds of Protestants lived in America. 2. The Great Awakening of the 1740s, a "revival" movement that sought to breathe new feeling and strength into religion, cut across the lines of Protestant religious groups, or denominations. 3. A few Americans were so influenced by the new science and new ideas of the Enlightenment in Europe that they became deists, believing that reason teaches that God exists but leaves man free to settle his own affairs. 4. The First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States forbade the new federal government to give special favors to any religion or to hinder the free practice, or exercise, of religion. 3 What promotes the diversity in American religion? 1. The United States has always been a fertile ground for the growth of new religious movements. Frontier America provided plenty of room to set up a new church or found a new community. 2. Many religious communities and secular utopias, or experiments in new forms of social living, were founded in 18th and 19th century America. 3. Americans with different religions live together under the same law. 4. The religious beliefs of Americans continue to be strong with social progress. 5. In the United States every church is a completely independent organization, and concerned with its own finance and its own building. 6. Continuous immigration.
英语国家社会和文化入门课文翻译
第3单元 英国的政府英国可以说是世界上最古老的代议民主制国家主，其代议民主制度起源于1000多年以前。
其它一些国家也有如此悠久的政治历史，但这些历史往往经受突然的暴力性剧变。
尽管英国历史上也曾有过政治不稳定时期，但相对于法国、美国或中国而言，英国的建国历史是一个逐渐演变而不是革命性剧变的过程。
这样长久持续的历史在英国现今的政治体制和政治文化中仍然有所体现。
（政治文化是一个国家有关政权、政府制度及政策制定的理论和价值观等。
）君主政体最古老的政府制度是君主政体（由国王统治）。
这可以追溯到从公元5世纪开始统治英国直到1066年被诺曼人征服的撒克逊人。
埃格伯特国王于公元829年将英格兰统一在自己的统治之下，而现在的女王伊丽莎白二世是他的直系后代。
君王的权利主要来自古老的信条“君权神授”。
它认为君主的权威性是来自上帝的，而不是来自他的臣民们。
虽然有时不同的家庭之间有王位之争，都坚持说自己是王位的合法继承人，但由于有这种神圣的权利，很少有人质疑过君主制是否应该存在。
1000多年来，英国一直是由世袭国王和女王统治。
但有一次短暂的例外。
在17世纪，英格兰共和派“圆颅党人”（之所以称“圆颅党人”是因为这些人公然藐视流行时尚，而把头发剪得非常短）和保皇派之间有一次内战。
圆颅党人由奥列佛·克伦威尔，他想废除君主制，而保皇派卢继续维持它。
1642年，圆颅党人成功地罢黜了国王查理一世，统治了整整11年之后，王朝复辟了。
虽然在理论上，君主有上帝撑腰，但实际上，甚至是在中古时代，人们就认为君主不能无限先例权力，而是应该乐于接受杰出人物的建议。
一群封建地主和都会反对约翰国王（1199－1216）的一些政策。
这种反对势力如此强大以致于国王最终同意给予他们一个自由宪章和一些政治权利，这个自由宪章现在仍然用的是中古时代的拉丁文名称“Magna Carta”(“大宪章”)。
大宪章对于国王进行一些限制，使他不能滥用皇家的权利，这仍然被看作是英国市民有权反对王室的一次典型表现。
最新英语国家社会与文化入门上册第三版
判断题第一单元1、Britain is no longer an imperial（帝国）country(T)2、The Commonwealth（英联邦）of Nations includes all European countries(F)3、1 in 10 of the British population are of non-European ethnicity（种族）(F)4、The stereotype（刻板印象）of the English gentleman never applied to the majority of the British people(T)5、When people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britain sometimes(T)6、The Scots and Welsh（苏格兰和威尔士）have a strong sense of being British(F)7、Scotland（苏格兰）was never conquered by the Romans（罗马人）(T)8、Most people in Scotland speak the Celtic（凯尔特）language, called “Gaelic”(F)9、Scotland was unified with England through peaceful means(T)10、Wales（威尔士）is rich in coal（煤炭）deposits（存款）(T)11、Cardiff（卡迪夫）, the capital of Wales, is a large city(F)12、The title of Prince（王子）of Wales is held by a held by a Welsh according to tradition(F) 第二单元1、Ireland is part of Great Britain(F)2、“Ulster（阿尔斯特）”, referring to Northern Ireland, was once an ancient Irish Kingdom（王国）(T)3、The capital of Belfast（贝尔法斯特）is a large city with half a million people(F)4、Northern Ireland is significant（重要的）because of its manufacturing（制造业）industry(F)5、The majority of Irish people were descendants（后代）of the original Celtic（凯尔特）people who inhabited British Isles（群岛）before the Romans arrived 2000 years ago(T)6、Most British people are Protestants（新教徒）while most Irish people are Catholics（天主教徒）(T)7、The British government does not have direct rule from London over Northern Ireland(T)8、Sinn Fein（新芬党）is a legal political party in Northern Ireland(T)9、The Anglo-Irish（岗格鲁-爱尔兰）Agreement of 1985 guaranteed the loyalist（政府军）Protestant community（社区）their to decide their future in Northern Ireland(T)10、The Good Friday Agreement（协议）was approved on 10 April 1998(T)11、Northern Ireland today is governed by separate jurisdictions（司法管辖区）: thatf Republic （共和国）of Ireland that of Great Britain(F)第三单元1、It is no doubt that Britain is the oldest representative democracy（民主）in the world(F)2、In Britain, the process of state-building（国家建设）has been one of evolution rather than revolution, contrast to France and the US（与法国和美国相比）(T)3、The oldest institution（机构）of government in Britain is the Monarchy（君主政体）(T)4、The divine（神圣的）right of the king means the sovereign（主权）derived（派生的）his authority（权威）from his subjects（主题）(F)5、As the king in theory had God on his side, it was thought that he should exercise absolute（绝对）power(F)6、The term “parliament（议会）”was first officially used in 1066 to describe the gathering of feudal barons（封建贵族）and representatives from counties and towns(F)7、Britain is both a parliamentary democracy（议会民主制）and a constitutional monarchy（君主立宪制）(T)8、Britain, like Israel, has a written constitution of the sort which most countries have(F)9、Common laws are laws which have been established（建立）through common practice（实践）in the courts（法院）(T)第四单元1、In the UK, a government cannot stand for longer than five years except in exceptional circumstances（情况下）(T)2、Anyone who is eligible（符合条件的）to vote with 500 pounds as deposit（存款）can stand as an MP（国会议员）(F)3、Each main party is given some time on national TV to “sell”their policies. The time is not given free and has to be paid by the party(T)4、The amount spent in national campaign（运动）is not limited other than that on TV(F)5、Secrecy（保密）is not an important part of the voting process(T)6、There are two major national parties in the U.K. according to the text(F)7、Liberal Democratic（自由民主）party is the newest of the major national parties(F)8、Children from the upper-middle-class（中上层阶级）usually have a better education than those from the working or middle-class(T)9、The majority of middle-class people today have working class parents or grandparents(T)10、One of the distinctive features（独特的特征）about the British class-system is that it has also retained（保留）a hereditary aristocracy（世袭的贵族）(T)11、The majority of Britain’s recent immigrants have mainly come from North Asia（北亚）and Caribbean（加勒比）countries(F)12、Most immigrants earn a living by opening restaurants or becoming musicians(F)13、The majority have problems of unemployment published its Household Energy Management Strategy（家庭能源管理策略）(T)14、On March 2, 2010, the British government publish its Household Energy Management Strategy(T)15、On December 27, 2009 the TN Climate（气候）Change Conference was held in Copenhagen(T)16、According to the Kyoto Protocol（京都议定书）, the government has agreed that the UK will meet tough targets（艰难的目标）to reduce carbon emissions incrementally（增量）between now and 2020(F)第五单元1、By the 1880’s the British economy was dominant（主导）in the world(T)2、Both the US and Canada overtook Britain in economy by 1900(F)3、By the end of World War II, Britain had gone heavily into debt（债务）in order to develop its manufacturing industry and borrowed large amounts from the US and France(F)4、Another reason for British decline is the loss of its colonies（殖民地）, especially India, which gained its independence in 1947(T)5、In the 1970s, with the soaring（飙升的）price of oil and high rates of inflation（通货膨胀）, Britain went through a bad period. In 1979, the Labour party had to step down（下台）from the government (T)6、The leader of the Conservatives（保守派）, Margaret Thatcher（玛格丽特-撒切尔）starteda series of reforms. An extensive（广泛的）programme of privatization（私有的）was carriedout, and she was successful in an all-round（全面的）way (F)7、Tertiary（三级）industries include banking, insurance（保险）, tourism（旅游）, agriculture and the selling of goods (F)8、Britain has a large sector（部门）of agriculture producing 11.6% of its national wealth (F)9、According to the text, the tertiary（三级）industry produces approximately（大约）two-thirds of the national wealth (T)10、The service industry in the UK employs 70% of the total work force (T)11、As a member of the World Trade Organization, the UK is playing a very important role in the world trade (T)12、The UK is the third biggest international investor（投资者）in the world (F)第六单元1、Much early British literature was concerned with Christianity（基督教）, and Anglo-Saxons （盎格鲁-撒克逊人）produced many versions（版本）of the Bible（圣经）(T)2、Beowulf（贝奥武夫）was a sea monster（海怪）killed by a Swedish warrior（瑞典战士）(F)3、“The Wife of Bath（浴的妻子）”is one of the tales（故事）contained in The Canterbury Tales （坎特伯雷故事集）(T)4、There was a general flowering of culture and intellectual（知识）life in Europe during the 17th and 18th century which is known as “The Renaissance（文艺复兴时期）”(F)5、William Shakespeare（威廉·莎士比亚）is a great poet and much is known of his life (F)6、Keats, Shelley and Byron（济慈、雪莱和拜伦）brought the Romantic Movement（浪漫主义运动）to its height (T)7、Robinson Crusoe（鲁宾逊漂流记）tells the story of a shipwreck and solitary survival（海难和孤独的生存）(T)8、Writers of romantic literature（浪漫主义文化）are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason (T)9、Don Juan（唐璜）is an epic poem（史诗）composed by John Milton（约翰·弥尔顿）(F)10、Thomas Hardy（托马斯·哈代）, the author of Tess of the D’Urbervilles（德伯家的苔丝）, was also a first-class（一流的）poet (T)第七单元1、The purpose of British education is not only to provide children with literacy（读写能力）and the other basic skills but also to socialize（社交）children (T)2、The state seldom interferes（干扰）with the decision of when, where, how and what children are taught (F)3、The enduring feature（持久特征）of British education is the continuing debate over what should be taught in schools (F)4、The 1944 Education Act made entry to secondary schools（中学）and universities “meritocratic（精英）”(T)5、Public schools are part of the national education system and funded by the government (F)6、British universities are public bodies which receive funds from central government (T)7、All secondary schools in Britain are run and supervised（监督）by the government (T)8、In Oxford and Cambridge the BA converts to an MA several years later, upon payment of a fee (T)9、Independent schools get money mainly through the private sector（部门）and tuition（学费）rates, with some government support (T)10、Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education(F)第八单元1、When the Second World War ended, Britain no longer was the largest military（军事）power in Western Europe (F)2、The UK was awarded（授予）a seat on the UN（联合国）Security Council（安理会）in recognition（识别）of its contribution in setting up the United Nations (F)3、According to the text, the most important single factor which influences British policy-maker is its history (T)4、The Prime Minister and Cabinet（内阁）decide on the general direction of Britain’s foreign policy (T)5、The main government department involved is the Foreign and Commonwealth Office（外交和联邦事务部）(FCO) (T)6、Britain is a parliamentary monarch（议会君主）(F)7、There are about 60 members of the Commonwealth（英联邦）(F)8、The British host a large American Military（军事）presence and there are 63 American military bases in the UK (T)9、Britain is not a member of the NATO（北约）due to its disagreement with some European countries on defence policy (F)第九单元1、On an average day, an overwhelming（压倒性的）majority of Britons over the age of 15 red a nation or local paper（报纸）(T)2、The British media play an important role in shaping（塑造）a national culture (T)3、In the late seventeenth and early 18th century, as the British economy began to industrialise, and as literacy levels rose through the introduction of mass education, more and newspapers began to appear (F)4、Free press has the function of keeping an eye on the government, and therefore it is called the watchdog（监管机构）of parliamentary democracy（议会民主制）(T)5、The Advertising Code（广告代码）ensures that advertisements are legal, decent（体面地）, honest and truthful; have a sense of responsibility for consumer and society; and respect the principles of fair competition（竞争）(T)6、It is incorrect to say that class and educational differences are reflected in the newspapers people read (F)7、The Telegraph readers, for example, will be soft on crime（犯罪）, be quite feminist（女权主义）and interested in green politics (F)8、The tabloids（小报）are smaller format（格式）newspapers with colour photos and catchy headlines（吸引人的标题）. They are often called “the gutter press（黄色小报）”(T)9、The British Broadcasting Corporation is funded by licence（许可证）fees and viewers must buya licence each year for their TV set (T)10、The BBC（英国广播公司）World Service, the international branch of the BBC, broadcasts in English and 42 other languages throughout the world (T)第十单元1、The tradition of having Sunday off derived from（来自）the Christian Church（基督教堂）(T)2、The origin of Bowling（打保龄球）lies in the victory celebration ceremony（仪式）by the ancient warriors (T)3、Tennis（网球）is usually regarded as a winter and spring sport (F)4、The game of golf was invented by the Scottish（苏格兰）(T)5、The animal-lovers’groups would like to have horse racing banned（禁止）(T)6、Easter（复活节）is the biggest and best loved British holiday (F)7、Christmas Pantomime（哑剧）is one of the three Christmas traditions that are particularly British (T)8、It is commonly believed that Boxing Day involves the sport of boxing (F)9、The biggest Bonfire Night（篝火之夜）celebration is held in London (F)10、In Ireland, New Year’Eve called Hogma除夕）(December 31st) is the major winter celebration (T)选择题第一单元1、which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of London? (D/The sports centre)2、Which of the following is NOT true about the characteristics of Britain? (B/Differences of social systems between Scotland and Wales（威尔士）)3、Which of the following is NOT True about Britain? (D/It used to be one of the superpowers in the world)4、Three of the following are characteristics of London. Which of the four is the EXCEPTION? (C/London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in the world)5、The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the centre of London, was built by (D/William the Conqueror)6、Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England? (A/The Anglo-Saxons（盎格鲁-撒克逊人）)7、Which is the largest city in Scotland? (C/Glasgow（格拉斯哥）)8、Why did the Scottish Kings decide to form an independent singular Scottish（奇异的苏格兰）state in the century? (A/They needed a unified independent nation to fight against Viking raids（维京人袭击）)9、Where do the majority of people in Scotland live? (B/In the Lowlands（低地）)10、Which of the following statements is NOT true? (B/Wales was occupied by the Anglo-Saxons （盎格鲁-撒克逊人）)11、Which of the following parties in Scotland still wants an independent Scotland? (C/The Scottish Nationalist（民族主义）Party)12、When did Scotland join the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments（议会）?(D/In 1701)13、Llywelyn ap Gruffudd is not a simple historical figure for the Welsh. He is almost considered the legendary（传奇）hero of Welsh nationalism because (D/he unified Wales as an independent nation)第二单元1、In the 17th century the English government encouraged people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland, because (A/they wanted to increase its control over Ireland)2、In 1969, the first British soldiers were seen on Northern Ireland street. They came first (B/to protect Catholics（天主教徒）)3、Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quite well-known in the world for (D/its endless political problems)4、Faced with conflicting demands the British government chose a compromise（妥协）and organized a partition of Ireland in 1921, because (B/the British government intended to satisfy both sides-Catholics（天主教）and Protestants（新教）)5、Which of the following statements is NOT true? (C/The Social Democratic（社会民主党）and Labour Party（劳动党）is a very important political party in Britain)6、In the early 1970s, the IRA（爱尔兰共和军）(D/carried out a series of bombing and shooting and attacked the security force as their main target)7、1972 was the worst year of the political troubles in Northern Ireland, because (B/468 people were killed in Northern Ireland)8、Why did the British government decide to replace the power-sharing policy with “direct-rule （直接统治）”from London? (D/All the above)9、Which of the following statements is NOT true? (C/Margaret Thatcher（玛格丽特-撒切尔）’s government gave in to their political demand)10、How many counties are there in Northern Ireland? (B/6)11、Which of the following agreement is accepted by both Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland? (C/The Good Friday Agreement)12、According to the Good Friday Agreement, Northern Ireland today should be governed by the following jurisdictions（司法管辖区）except (B/the jurisdiction of loyalist minist(部长))第三单元1、Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of British government? (A/It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power)2、Which of the following kings was executed(执行）in the civil war? (C/Charles（查尔斯）1)3、What happened in 1215? (B/Forced by barons（贵族）, King John signed the Magna Carta（大宪章）)4、Which of the following is NOT true about the Great Council? (C/It later developed into what we now know as the Cabinet（内阁）)5、Under whose reign（统治）was the Bill of Rights passed? (B/William of Orange)6、Which of the following is NOT related to the Constitution? (A/It is a written document which lists out the basic principles for government)7、Which of the following statements is NOT correct? (D/Parliament（议会）has no power to change the terms of the Constitution)8、Which of the following is NOT a true description of the Queen’s role? (A/The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet（内阁）)9、Which of the following is NOT a feature of the House of Lords（上议院）? (C/The lords（领主）are expected to represent the interests of the public)10、Which of the following is NOT based on the fact? (A/Members of Parliament（议会）elect the Prime Minister and the Cabinet)第四单元1、Which group of people cannot vote in the general election? (B/Lords（领主）in the House of Lords)2、By whom is a “vote of no confidence”decided? (A/The House of Commons)3、Which of the following is NOT true about the electoral campaigns（选举活动）? (A/Big parties can buy time to broadcast their policies on the television)4、How many seats in the House of Commons should a part hold at least in order to win the election? (B/326)5、Which of the following description about the Conservative（保守的）party is NOT true? (D/It is known as a party of high taxation（税收) levels)6、Which period of time in British history was described as “private affluence and public squalor(肮脏）”? (C/The 1980s)7、Who is the leader of the Labour party at present? (C/Gordon Brown)8、Which of the following is NOT true abort life peers（同行）? (B/They cannot sit in the House of Lords)9、Which of the following statements is NOT true about class system in the UK? (B/Class division is only decided by people’s income)10、Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the hereditary aristocracy（世袭贵族）in the UK? (C/They are the richest people in the UK)11、Which of the following is NOT an effect of immigration on British society? (B/Class tension has increased)12、Which of the following is Not a true description of the situation of ethnic minorities（少数民族）in the UK? (A/They are well represented in the British Parliament（议会）)13、Which of the following is NOT included in Household Energy Management Strategy（能量管理策略）? (C/Every household will have produced their electricity from renewable（可再生）energy resources)第五单元1、Which of the following statements is NOT true about the UK economy? (C/There has been a period of steady decreasing of living standards)2、Which of the following was NOT the reason for the relative economic decline since 1945? (C/Britain had carried out the nationalization of the businesses)3、Which of the following livestock（牲畜）has the biggest number in the UK? (D/Sheep)4、Where is the best agricultural land in Britain? (A/In the southeast of England)5、Which of the following is NOT a company in the energy sector（部门）? (B/ICI)6、Which of the following used to be the last independent car company in the UK? (C/Rover（探测器）)7、In the aerospace（航空航天）industry, which of the following, countries is ahead of Britain? (B/The U.S.)8、Which civil airline was started in 1924 after the First World War? (A/Imperial Airways（帝国航空公司）)9、What did Frank Whittle（弗兰克·惠特尔）do in 1937? (B/He developed the first jet（飞机）engine)10、Which company became an important aero-engine（航空发动机）manufacturer after WWI? (B/Rolls Royce（劳斯莱斯）)11、Which of the following two companies merged into British Aerospace（航空航天）? (A/The British Aircraft Corporation and Hawker-Siddeley Aviation)12、Which of the following countries is the last to come out of recession（大萧条）? (C/Britain)第六单元1、Which of the following books is written by Geoffrey Chaucer（杰弗里·乔叟）? (A/The Canterbury Tales（坎特伯雷故事集）)2、Which literary form flourished（蓬勃发展）in Elizabethan age（伊丽莎白时代）more than any other form of literature? (C/Drama)3、Among the following writers, who was NOT one of the great 三人组）（? (C/Thomas Malory)4、Which of the following did NOT belong to Romanticism（浪漫主义）? (D/Defoe（笛福）)5、Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare? (B/Macbeth（麦克白）)6、Which of the following writers was the most famous Scottish novelist? (D/Sir Walter Scott（沃尔特·斯科特爵士）)7、Several gifted women played a significant part in the 19th-century literature. Which of the following is an exception? (A/Virginia Woolf（弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫）)8、Which of the following writers was NOT associated with Modernism（现代主义）? (C/Charles Dickens（查尔斯·狄更斯）)9、Which of the following is generally considered to be the masterpiece（杰作）by Joseph Conrad （约瑟夫·康拉德）? (B/The Heart of Darkness（黑暗的心）)10、Which of the following writers wrote the book 1984 that began “Postmodernism（后现代主义）”in British literature? (A/George Orwell（乔治·奥威尔）)第七单元1、In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to (C/state schools)2、In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 (B/can legally receive completely free education)3、If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he will take the examination called (B/General Certificate of Secondary Education)4、Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain? (D/The University of Buckingham)5、Which of the following is NOT true? (D/Parents send their children to public schools because their children prefer to go to public schools)6、Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Open University? (C/No university degree is awarded)7、In the examination called “the 11 plus”, students with academic potential go to (A/grammar schools)8、Which of the following is NOT included in the National Curriculum（课程）? (B/Children must sit in A-level exams)9、Which of the following is NOT true about the British education system? (D/It’s dominated by the state)10、Which of the following schools would admit children without reference to their academic abilities? (A/comprehensive（全面的）schools)第八单元1、The author holds that Britain has a big influence on the postwar international order because (B/It had a strong military（军事）power and prestige（声望）)2、Which countries are the permanent members of the UN Security Council? (C/China, Russia, France, Britain and the United States)3、How much of the globe did Britain rule in its imperial prime（帝国主义）? (C/A third of the globe)4、The present British foreign policy is mainly influenced by some of the following factors. Which one is an exception? (D/Its schizophrenic（精神分裂症）attitude to Europe)5、Which of the following is not involved in making the British foreign policy? (A/The Queen of Britain)6、Nowadays the British foreign policy is largely shaped by its participation in (C/the United Nations, the EU, NATO（北约）, etc)7、Which of the following statements is not true? (B/63 American military（军事）bases are under the command of Britain)8、Which of the following countries does not have nuclear weapons capabilities? (C/Italy)9、Three of the following factors have contributed to Britain’s special relationship with the United States to a certain degree. Which is the exception? (B/They have common interests in every respect)10、Why does Britain have its nuclear naval force? (B/Because it’s a traditional sea power)第九单元1、Which of the following is the world’s oldest national newspaper? (C/The Observer（观察者）)2、Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper? (D/The Times)3、Which of the following statements is not true about the British media? (B/They are mainly interested in making huge profits by publishing advertisements)4、A free press is considered very important to the functioning of parliamentary（议会）democracy（民主）because (A/ it plays a watchdog function（监督功能）, keeping an eye on the government )5、In Britain most advertising is carried (A/ in newspapers)6,、Which of the following about the BBC（英国广播公司）is NOT true? (C/The BBC has four channels)7、How many newspapers are there in Britain? (B/About 1400)8、Which of the following newspapers is printed internationally? (C/The Financial Times)9、Which of the following newspapers is a tabloid（小报）? (A/The News of the World)10、Which of the following about the tabloids is not true? (A/They are bormat（格式）newspapers)第十单元1、Which of the following was NOT an activity in Shakespeare’s time? (D/Attending the Grand National)2、Which of the following sports was NOT invented in Britain? (C/Basketball)3、Which of the following is NOT true about football in Britain? (C/It was invented by the Scottish people)4、Where are international tennis championships held? (B/Wimbledon（温布尔登网球公开赛）)5、Which of the following is truly a sport of the royal family? (D/Horse racing)6、Which one of the following is NOT particularly British Christmas tradition? (C/eating chocolate eggs on Easter（复活节）Day)7、Easter commemorates（为了纪念）(D/ the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ（耶稣基督的受难和复活）)8、Which community observes the traditional Ramadan（斋月）? (D/Muslim（穆斯林）)9、Which celebration particularly happens on the Queen’s birthday? (C/Trooping（阅兵仪式）the Colour)10、Which of the following commemorates（为了纪念）the Battle of Boyne（博因河战役）? (D/The Orange March in Northern Ireland)11、Of which people is Robert Burns（罗伯特·彭斯）a national poet? (C/The Scottish people)12、On which day is Halloween（万圣节）celebrated? (A/October 31st)。
英语国家社会与文化入门上册第三版
判定题第一单元一、Britain is no longer an imperial（帝国）country(T)二、The Commonwealth（英联邦）of Nations includes all European countries(F)3、1 in 10 of the British population are of non-European ethnicity（种族）(F)4、The stereotype（刻板印象）of the English gentleman never applied to the majority of the British people(T)五、When people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britain sometimes(T)六、The Scots and Welsh（苏格兰和威尔士）have a strong sense of being British(F)7、Scotland（苏格兰）was never conquered by the Romans（罗马人）(T)八、Most people in Scotland speak the Celtic（凯尔特）language, called “Gaelic”(F)九、Scotland was unified with England through peaceful means(T)10、Wales（威尔士）is rich in coal（煤炭）deposits（存款）(T)1一、Cardiff（卡迪夫）, the capital of Wales, is a large city(F)1二、The title of Prince（王子）of Wales is held by a held by a Welsh according to tradition(F)第二单元一、Ireland is part of Great Britain(F)二、“Ulster（阿尔斯特）”, referring to Northern Ireland, was once an ancient Irish Kingdom（王国）(T)3、The capital of Belfast（贝尔法斯特）is a large city with half a million people(F)4、Northern Ireland is significant（重要的）because of its manufacturing（制造业）industry(F)五、The majority of Irish people were descendants（后代）of the original Celtic（凯尔特）people who inhabited British Isles（群岛）before the Romans arrived 2000 years ago(T)六、Most British people are Protestants（新教徒）while most Irish people are Catholics（天主教徒）(T)7、The British government does not have direct rule from London over Northern Ireland(T)八、Sinn Fein（新芬党）is a legal political party in Northern Ireland(T)九、The Anglo-Irish（岗格鲁-爱尔兰）Agreement of 1985 guaranteed the loyalist（政府军）Protestant community（社区）their to decide their future in Northern Ireland(T)10、The Good Friday Agreement（协议）was approved on 10 April 1998(T)1一、Northern Ireland today is governed by separate jurisdictions（司法管辖区）: thatf Republic（共和国）of Ireland that of Great Britain(F)第三单元一、It is no doubt that Britain is the oldest representative democracy（民主）in the world(F)二、In Britain, the process of state-building（国家建设）has been one of evolution rather than revolution, contrast to France and the US（与法国和美国相较）(T)3、The oldest institution（机构）of government in Britain is the Monarchy（君主政体）(T)4、The divine（神圣的）right of the king means the sovereign（主权）derived（派生的）his authority （权威）from his subjects（主题）(F)五、As the king in theory had God on his side, it was thought that he should exercise absolute（绝对）power(F)六、The term “parliament（议会）”was first officially used in 1066 to describe the gathering of feudal barons（封建贵族）and representatives from counties and towns(F)7、Britain is both a parliamentary democracy（议会民主制）and a constitutional monarchy（君主立宪制）(T)八、Britain, like Israel, has a written constitution of the sort which most countries have(F)九、Common laws are laws which have been established（成立）through common practice（实践）in the courts（法院）(T)第四单元一、In the UK, a government cannot stand for longer than five years except in exceptionalcircumstances（情形下）(T)二、Anyone who is eligible（符合条件的）to vote with 500 pounds as deposit（存款）can stand as an MP（国会议员）(F)3、Each main party is given some time on national TV to “sell”their policies. The time is not given free and has to be paid by the party(T)4、The amount spent in national campaign（运动）is not limited other than that on TV(F)五、Secrecy（保密）is not an important part of the voting process(T)六、There are two major national parties in the . according to the text(F)7、Liberal Democratic（自由民主）party is the newest of the major national parties(F)八、Children from the upper-middle-class（中上层阶级）usually have a better education than those from the working or middle-class(T)九、The majority of middle-class people today have working class parents or grandparents(T)10、One of the distinctive features（独特的特点）about the British class-system is that it has also retained（保留）a hereditary aristocracy（世袭的贵族）(T)1一、The majority of Britain’s recent immigrants have mainly come from North Asia（北亚）and Caribbean（加勒比）countries(F)1二、Most immigrants earn a living by opening restaurants or becoming musicians(F)13、The majority have problems of unemployment published its Household Energy Management Strategy（家庭能源治理策略）(T)14、On March 2, 2010, the British government publish its Household Energy Management Strategy(T) 1五、On December 27, 2009 the TN Climate（气候）Change Conference was held in Copenhagen(T) 1六、According to the Kyoto Protocol（京都议定书）, the government has agreed that the UK will meet tough targets（艰巨的目标）to reduce carbon emissions incrementally（增量）between now and 2020(F)第五单元一、By the 1880’s the British economy was dominant（主导）in the world(T)二、Both the US and Canada overtook Britain in economy by 1900(F)3、By the end of World War II, Britain had gone heavily into debt（债务）in order to develop its manufacturing industry and borrowed large amounts from the US and France(F)4、Another reason for British decline is the loss of its colonies（殖民地）, especially India, which gained its independence in 1947(T)五、In the 1970s, with the soaring（飙升的）price of oil and high rates of inflation（通货膨胀）, Britain went through a bad period. In 1979, the Labour party had to step down（下台）from the government (T)六、The leader of the Conservatives（保守派）, Margaret Thatcher（玛格丽特-撒切尔）started a series of reforms. An extensive（普遍的）programme of privatization（私有的）was carried out, and she was successful in an all-round（全面的）way (F)7、Tertiary（三级）industries include banking, insurance（保险）, tourism（旅行）, agriculture and the selling of goods (F)八、Britain has a large sector（部门）of agriculture producing % of its national wealth (F)九、According to the text, the tertiary（三级）industry produces approximately（大约）two-thirds of the national wealth (T)10、The service industry in the UK employs 70% of the total work force (T)1一、As a member of the World Trade Organization, the UK is playing a very important role in the world trade (T)1二、The UK is the third biggest international investor（投资者）in the world (F)第六单元一、Much early British literature was concerned with Christianity（基督教）, and Anglo-Saxons（盎格鲁-撒克逊人）produced many versions（版本）of the Bible（圣经）(T)二、Beowulf（贝奥武夫）was a sea monster（海怪）killed by a Swedish warrior（瑞典战士）(F)3、“The Wife of Bath（浴的妻子）”is one of the tales（故事）contained in The Canterbury Tales（坎特伯雷故事集）(T)4、There was a general flowering of culture and intellectual（知识）life in Europe during the 17th and 18th century which is known as “The Renaissance（文艺振兴时期）”(F)五、William Shakespeare（威廉·莎士比亚）is a great poet and much is known of his life (F)六、Keats, Shelley and Byron（济慈、雪莱和拜伦）brought the Romantic Movement（浪漫主义运动）to its height (T)7、Robinson Crusoe（鲁宾逊漂流记）tells the story of a shipwreck and solitary survival（海难和孤独的生存）(T)八、Writers of romantic literature（浪漫主义文化）are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason (T)九、Don Juan（唐璜）is an epic poem（史诗）composed by John Milton（约翰·弥尔顿）(F)10、Thomas Hardy（托马斯·哈代）, the author of Tess of the D’Urbervilles（德伯家的苔丝）, was also a first-class（一流的）poet (T)第七单元一、The purpose of British education is not only to provide children with literacy（读写能力）and the other basic skills but also to socialize（社交）children (T)二、The state seldom interferes（干扰）with the decision of when, where, how and what children are taught (F)3、The enduring feature（持久特点）of British education is the continuing debate over what should be taught in schools (F)4、The 1944 Education Act made entry to secondary schools（中学）and universities “meritocratic （精英）”(T)五、Public schools are part of the national education system and funded by the government (F)六、British universities are public bodies which receive funds from central government (T)7、All secondary schools in Britain are run and supervised（监督）by the government (T)八、In Oxford and Cambridge the BA converts to an MA several years later, upon payment of a fee (T)九、Independent schools get money mainly through the private sector（部门）and tuition（学费）rates, with some government support (T)10、Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education (F)第八单元一、When the Second World War ended, Britain no longer was the largest military（军事）power in Western Europe (F)二、The UK was awarded（授予）a seat on the UN（联合国）Security Council（安理会）in recognition （识别）of its contribution in setting up the United Nations (F)3、According to the text, the most important single factor which influences British policy-maker is its history (T)4、The Prime Minister and Cabinet（内阁）decide on the general direction of Britain’s foreign policy (T)五、The main government department involved is the Foreign and Commonwealth Office（外交和联邦事务部）(FCO) (T)六、Britain is a parliamentary monarch（议会君主）(F)7、There are about 60 members of the Commonwealth（英联邦）(F)八、The British host a large American Military（军事）presence and there are 63 American military bases in the UK (T)九、Britain is not a member of the NATO（北约）due to its disagreement with some European countries on defence policy (F)第九单元一、On an average day, an overwhelming（压倒性的）majority of Britons over the age of 15 red a nation or local paper（报纸）(T)二、The British media play an important role in shaping（塑造）a national culture (T)3、In the late seventeenth and early 18th century, as the British economy began to industrialise, and as literacy levels rose through the introduction of mass education, more and newspapers began to appear (F)4、Free press has the function of keeping an eye on the government, and therefore it is called the watchdog（监管机构）of parliamentary democracy（议会民主制）(T)五、The Advertising Code（广告代码）ensures that advertisements are legal, decent（体面地）, honest and truthful; have a sense of responsibility for consumer and society; and respect the principles of fair competition（竞争）(T)六、It is incorrect to say that class and educational differences are reflected in the newspapers people read (F)7、The Telegraph readers, for example, will be soft on crime（犯法）, be quite feminist（女权主义）and interested in green politics (F)八、The tabloids（小报）are smaller format（格式）newspapers with colour photos and catchy headlines （吸引人的题目）. They are often called “the gutter press（黄色小报）”(T)九、The British Broadcasting Corporation is funded by licence（许可证）fees and viewers must buy a licence each year for their TV set (T)10、The BBC（英国广播公司）World Service, the international branch of the BBC, broadcasts in English and 42 other languages throughout the world (T)第十单元一、The tradition of having Sunday off derived from（来自）the Christian Church（基督教堂）(T)二、The origin of Bowling（打保龄球）lies in the victory celebration ceremony（仪式）by the ancient warriors (T)3、Tennis（网球）is usually regarded as a winter and spring sport (F)4、The game of golf was invented by the Scottish（苏格兰）(T)五、The animal-lovers’groups would like to have horse racing banned（禁止）(T)六、Easter（复活节）is the biggest and best loved British holiday (F)7、Christmas Pantomime（哑剧）is one of the three Christmas traditions that are particularly British (T)八、It is commonly believed that Boxing Day involves the sport of boxing (F)九、The biggest Bonfire Night（篝火之夜）celebration is held in London (F)10、In Ireland, New Year’Eve called Hogma除夕）(December 31st) is the major winter celebration (T)选择题第一单元一、which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of London? (D/The sports centre)二、Which of the following is NOT true about the characteristics of Britain? (B/Differences of social systems between Scotland and Wales（威尔士）)3、Which of the following is NOT True about Britain? (D/It used to be one of the superpowers in the world)4、Three of the following are characteristics of London. Which of the four is the EXCEPTION? (C/London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in the world)五、The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the centre of London, was built by (D/William the Conqueror)六、Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England? (A/The Anglo-Saxons（盎格鲁-撒克逊人）)7、Which is the largest city in Scotland? (C/Glasgow（格拉斯哥）)八、Why did the Scottish Kings decide to form an independent singular Scottish（奇异的苏格兰）state in the century? (A/They needed a unified independent nation to fight against Viking raids（维京人攻击）)九、Where do the majority of people in Scotland live? (B/In the Lowlands（低地）)10、Which of the following statements is NOT true? (B/Wales was occupied by the Anglo-Saxons（盎格鲁-撒克逊人）)1一、Which of the following parties in Scotland still wants an independent Scotland? (C/The Scottish Nationalist（民族主义）Party)1二、When did Scotland join the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments（议会）?(D/In 1701)13、Llywelyn ap Gruffudd is not a simple historical figure for the Welsh. He is almost considered the legendary（传奇）hero of Welsh nationalism because (D/he unified Wales as an independent nation)第二单元一、In the 17th century the English government encouraged people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland, because (A/they wanted to increase its control over Ireland)二、In 1969, the first British soldiers were seen on Northern Ireland street. They came first (B/to protect Catholics（天主教徒）)3、Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quite well-known in the world for (D/its endless political problems)4、Faced with conflicting demands the British government chose a compromise（妥协）and organizeda partition of Ireland in 1921, because (B/the British government intended to satisfy both sides-Catholics（天主教）and Protestants（新教）)五、Which of the following statements is NOT true? (C/The Social Democratic（社会民主党）and Labour Party（劳动党）is a very important political party in Britain)六、In the early 1970s, the IRA（爱尔兰共和军）(D/carried out a series of bombing and shooting and attacked the security force as their main target)7、1972 was the worst year of the political troubles in Northern Ireland, because (B/468 people were killed in Northern Ireland)八、Why did the British government decide to replace the power-sharing policy with “direct-rule（直接统治）”from London? (D/All the above)九、Which of the following statements is NOT true? (C/Margaret Thatcher（玛格丽特-撒切尔）’s government gave in to their political demand)10、How many counties are there in Northern Ireland? (B/6)1一、Which of the following agreement is accepted by both Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland? (C/The Good Friday Agreement)1二、According to the Good Friday Agreement, Northern Ireland today should be governed by the following jurisdictions（司法管辖区）except (B/the jurisdiction of loyalist minist(部长))第三单元一、Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of British government? (A/It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power)二、Which of the following kings was executed(执行）in the civil war? (C/Charles（查尔斯）1)3、What happened in 1215? (B/Forced by barons（贵族）, King John signed the Magna Carta（大宪章）)4、Which of the following is NOT true about the Great Council? (C/It later developed into what we now know as the Cabinet（内阁）)五、Under whose reign（统治）was the Bill of Rights passed? (B/William of Orange)六、Which of the following is NOT related to the Constitution? (A/It is a written document which lists out the basic principles for government)7、Which of the following statements is NOT correct? (D/Parliament（议会）has no power to change theterms of the Constitution)八、Which of the following is NOT a true description of the Queen’s role? (A/The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet（内阁）)九、Which of the following is NOT a feature of the House of Lords（上议院）? (C/The lords（领主）are expected to represent the interests of the public)10、Which of the following is NOT based on the fact? (A/Members of Parliament（议会）elect the Prime Minister and the Cabinet)第四单元一、Which group of people cannot vote in the general election? (B/Lords（领主）in the House of Lords)二、By whom is a “vote of no confidence”decided? (A/The House of Commons)3、Which of the following is NOT true about the electoral campaigns（选举活动）? (A/Big parties can buy time to broadcast their policies on the television)4、How many seats in the House of Commons should a part hold at least in order to win the election? (B/326)五、Which of the following description about the Conservative（保守的）party is NOT true? (D/It is known as a party of high taxation（税收) levels)六、Which period of time in British history was described as “private affluence and public squalor(龌龊）”? (C/The 1980s)7、Who is the leader of the Labour party at present? (C/Gordon Brown)八、Which of the following is NOT true abort life peers（同行）? (B/They cannot sit in the House of Lords)九、Which of the following statements is NOT true about class system in the UK? (B/Class division is only decided by people’s income)10、Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the hereditary aristocracy（世袭贵族）in the UK? (C/They are the richest people in the UK)1一、Which of the following is NOT an effect of immigration on British society? (B/Class tension has increased)1二、Which of the following is Not a true description of the situation of ethnic minorities（少数民族）in the UK? (A/They are well represented in the British Parliament（议会）)13、Which of the following is NOT included in Household Energy Management Strategy（能量治理策略）? (C/Every household will have produced their electricity from renewable（可再生）energy resources)第五单元一、Which of the following statements is NOT true about the UK economy? (C/There has been a period of steady decreasing of living standards)二、Which of the following was NOT the reason for the relative economic decline since 1945? (C/Britain had carried out the nationalization of the businesses)3、Which of the following livestock（牲畜）has the biggest number in the UK? (D/Sheep)4、Where is the best agricultural land in Britain? (A/In the southeast of England)五、Which of the following is NOT a company in the energy sector（部门）? (B/ICI)六、Which of the following used to be the last independent car company in the UK? (C/Rover（探测器）)7、In the aerospace（航空航天）industry, which of the following, countries is ahead of Britain? (B/The .)八、Which civil airline was started in 1924 after the First World War? (A/Imperial Airways（帝国航空公司）)九、What did Frank Whittle（弗兰克·惠特尔）do in 1937? (B/He developed the first jet（飞机）engine)10、Which company became an important aero-engine（航空发动机）manufacturer after WWI? (B/Rolls Royce（劳斯莱斯）)1一、Which of the following two companies merged into British Aerospace（航空航天）? (A/The British Aircraft Corporation and Hawker-Siddeley Aviation)1二、Which of the following countries is the last to come out of recession（大萧条）? (C/Britain)第六单元一、Which of the following books is written by Geoffrey Chaucer（杰弗里·乔叟）? (A/The Canterbury Tales （坎特伯雷故事集）)二、Which literary form flourished（蓬勃进展）in Elizabethan age（伊丽莎白时期）more than any other form of literature? (C/Drama)3、Among the following writers, who was NOT one of the great 三人组）（? (C/Thomas Malory)4、Which of the following did NOT belong to Romanticism（浪漫主义）? (D/Defoe（笛福）)五、Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare? (B/Macbeth（麦克白）)六、Which of the following writers was the most famous Scottish novelist? (D/Sir Walter Scott（沃尔特·斯科特爵士）)7、Several gifted women played a significant part in the 19th-century literature. Which of the following is an exception? (A/Virginia Woolf（弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫）)八、Which of the following writers was NOT associated with Modernism（现代主义）? (C/Charles Dickens （查尔斯·狄更斯）)九、Which of the following is generally considered to be the masterpiece（杰作）by Joseph Conrad （约瑟夫·康拉德）? (B/The Heart of Darkness（黑暗的心）)10、Which of the following writers wrote the book 1984 that began “Postmodernism（后现代主义）”in British literature? (A/George Orwell（乔治·奥威尔）)第七单元一、In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to (C/state schools)二、In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 (B/can legally receive completely free education)3、If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he will take the examination called (B/General Certificate of Secondary Education)4、Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain? (D/The University of Buckingham)五、Which of the following is NOT true? (D/Parents send their children to public schools because their children prefer to go to public schools)六、Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Open University? (C/No university degree is awarded)7、In the examination called “the 11 plus”, students with academic potential go to (A/grammar schools)八、Which of the following is NOT included in the National Curriculum（课程）? (B/Children must sit in A-level exams)九、Which of the following is NOT true about the British education system? (D/It’s dominated by the state)10、Which of the following schools would admit children without reference to their academic abilities? (A/comprehensive（全面的）schools)第八单元一、The author holds that Britain has a big influence on the postwar international order because (B/It had a strong military（军事）power and prestige（声望）)二、Which countries are the permanent members of the UN Security Council? (C/China, Russia, France, Britain and the United States)3、How much of the globe did Britain rule in its imperial prime（帝国主义）? (C/A third of the globe)4、The present British foreign policy is mainly influenced by some of the following factors. Which one is an exception? (D/Its schizophrenic（精神割裂症）attitude to Europe)五、Which of the following is not involved in making the British foreign policy? (A/The Queen of Britain)六、Nowadays the British foreign policy is largely shaped by its participation in (C/the United Nations, the EU, NATO（北约）, etc)7、Which of the following statements is not true? (B/63 American military（军事）bases are under the command of Britain)八、Which of the following countries does not have nuclear weapons capabilities? (C/Italy)九、Three of the following factors have contributed to Britain’s special relationship with the United States to a certain degree. Which is the exception? (B/They have common interests in every respect) 10、Why does Britain have its nuclear naval force? (B/Because it’s a traditional sea power)第九单元一、Which of the following is the world’s oldest national newspaper? (C/The Observer（观看者）)二、Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper? (D/The Times)3、Which of the following statements is not true about the British media? (B/They are mainly interested in making huge profits by publishing advertisements)4、A free press is considered very important to the functioning of parliamentary（议会）democracy （民主）because (A/ it plays a watchdog function（监督功能）, keeping an eye on the government )五、In Britain most advertising is carried (A/ in newspapers)6,、Which of the following about the BBC（英国广播公司）is NOT true? (C/The BBC has four channels)7、How many newspapers are there in Britain? (B/About 1400)八、Which of the following newspapers is printed internationally? (C/The Financial Times)九、Which of the following newspapers is a tabloid（小报）? (A/The News of the World)10、Which of the following about the tabloids is not true? (A/They are bormat（格式）newspapers)第十单元一、Which of the following was NOT an activity in Shakespeare’s time? (D/Attending the Grand National)二、Which of the following sports was NOT invented in Britain? (C/Basketball)3、Which of the following is NOT true about football in Britain? (C/It was invented by the Scottishpeople)4、Where are international tennis championships held? (B/Wimbledon（温布尔登网球公布赛）)五、Which of the following is truly a sport of the royal family? (D/Horse racing)六、Which one of the following is NOT particularly British Christmas tradition? (C/eating chocolate eggs on Easter（复活节）Day)7、Easter commemorates（为了纪念）(D/ the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ（耶稣基督的受难和复活）)八、Which community observes the traditional Ramadan（斋月）? (D/Muslim（穆斯林）)九、Which celebration particularly happens on the Queen’s birthday? (C/Trooping（阅兵仪式）the Colour)10、Which of the following commemorates（为了纪念）the Battle of Boyne（博因河战役）? (D/The Orange March in Northern Ireland)1一、Of which people is Robert Burns（罗伯特·彭斯）a national poet? (C/The Scottish people)1二、On which day is Halloween（万圣节）celebrated? (A/October 31st)。
(完整版)英语国家社会和文化入门单词
英语国家社会与文化入门单词1.Great Britaincomplicated a.复杂的，难懂的empire n.帝国imperial a.帝国的encounter vt.遇到，受到emphasise vt.强调immigration n.移居ethnicity n.种族Pakistan n.巴基斯坦Caribbean n.加勒比海to sum up 总结stereotype n.陈规，旧框框sovereignty n.主权distinction n.差别，特征constituent a.组成的，构成的multiracial a.多民族的exaggerate vt.夸张stockbroker n.股票(证券)经纪人tend vi.倾向(于)，趋向(于) gallery n.画廊，美术馆2.Northern Irelandurbanized a. 都市化的by far 更，显然地Welsh a.威尔士人的，威尔士语Celtic a.凯尔特人的，凯尔特语originate vi.开始，起源于某地Angles n.盎格鲁人(5世纪由德国北部移居英国)Saxon n.撒克逊人(原住德国，一部分于5世纪中叶至6世纪伤半叶移居英国)derive vi.由来Excalibur n.亚瑟王之魔剑embellish n.传颂，歌颂legend n.传说，神话Tintagel n.廷塔哲岬(在英格兰西南部，传说中的King Arthur诞生处) Cornwall n.康瓦尔(英国西南部之一郡，首府Bodmin)knight n.(中古时的)骑士，武士Camelot n.传说中的Arthur王之宫殿朝廷所在地Sonmerset n.索美赛得郡(英格兰西南部一郡)conflict n.冲突precedence n.上席，较高位置monarch n.君主，帝王contemporary a.当代的Scandinavia n.斯勘的纳维亚(北欧国家的原称：瑞典、挪威、丹麦、芬兰、冰岛)ferocious a.凶残的，野蛮的versus prep. 对(多用于诉讼或竞技等之中，缩写作v.或vs.) sophisticated a.世故的，城府深的arrogant a.骄傲自大的，傲慢的throne n.帝王的宝座aristocracy n.贵族，贵族阶层的outlaw n.被流放者，罪犯intrior a.内部的display vt展示externally ad.外表，外貌punk n.朋友，小阿飞，小流氓dyed a.染色的spiky a.竖起的，直立的conceal vt.隐瞒porch n.门廊identity n.特征eventually ad. 最后，终于execute vt.处决overrule vt.推翻compounent n.组成部分substantial a.相当(长)的rugged a.崎岖的，不平坦的sparsely ad.稀少地span vt.跨越retreat vi.撤回equivalent 相当于是domain n.领土，领地souenir n.纪念品tartan a.用格子呢制的ressert vt.再申明depose vt.废黜(国王等)quell vt.镇压intermarriage n.异族通婚，近亲通婚change hands (财产等)转换所有者，易手dual a.双重的depoist n. 贮存adjacent a.邻近的long-standing a. 长期的，长年累月的Gealic n. 盖尔语Baron n.男爵Ulster n.北爱尔兰Belfast n. 贝尔法斯特，北爱首府hromontory n.海角hexagonal a.六角形的，六边形的lava n.熔炉，火山岩concentrate vt.集中ignore vt.忽略victim n.受害者at least 至少armoured a.武装的acclaim vt. 受到称赞，赞扬peripherality n.周边integrate vi.成一体，与结合起来overtake vt.遇到……阻碍suspend vt.暂停，中止campaign n.运动pursue vt.追求guerilla n.游击队suppress vt.镇压inevitable a.必然的，不可避免的inhabit vt.居住ethnically ad.种族地Catholic n.天主教徒Protestant n.新教徒emigrate vi.移居（外国）compromise n.折衷法partition n.分离，分割rioting n.暴乱，骚乱overwhelm vt.使不知所措constabulary n.警察candidate n.候选人run candidates 参加竞选faction n.宗派，派别patrol vi.巡逻paramilitary a.半军事化的barracks n.兵营，军营random n.随意at random 任意地，无目的地take revenge on 报仇ghettoise vt.使成为少数民族聚居区exclusively ad.全部地suspeck m.嫌疑犯internment n.拘留，收容mythologise vt.对……作神话解释telescopic a.用望远镜看的telescopic sight望远镜瞄准具cruise vi.巡逻flare n.（怒气等）爆发flare-up 突然发生的事情to give in 让步，屈服revitalize vt.使活跃claim vt.要求，主张sovereignty n.主权consultation n.协商to come up with 提出，提供strategic a.战略上的surrender n.投降hurdle n.障碍，困难formula n.形式legitimacy n.合法性3.The Government of the United Kingdom arguably ad.可论证地，可能，大概trace v.追溯，查考instability n.不稳定性，不稳固state-buiding n.创立国家，建国evolution n.演变，演化monarchy n.君主政体，君主制derive v.取得，得到，形成doctrine n.教义，教条，信条divine a. 神授的，天赐的sovereign n.君主，最高统治者legitimate a.合法的，法律认可的heir n.继承人，嗣子throne n.宝座，王位，帝位hereditary a.承袭的，世袭的defy v.（公然）违抗，藐视oust v.驱逐，罢黜medieval a.中世纪的，中古（时代）的exercise v.运用，行使prominent a. 重要的，著名的baron n.（由国王直接封领地的）贵族gang n.一帮，一伙charter n.宪章，共同纲领parley v.会谈，谈判summon v.召唤，召集wage v.进行，开始make ends meet 使收支相抵，勉强维持生计contribute v.捐（款等），捐助project n.计划，规划，方案community n.社区，团体say n.发言机会，发言权decree v.命令，颁布grant n.授予物（如补助金等）formula n.惯例，常规prerogative n.特权，独有的权利councillor n.顾问，（市、镇等的）政务会委员vis-a-vis prep同……相比，同……相比reassert v再断言，重申execute v.将……处死consent n.同意，准许parliamentarian n.国会议员cabinet n.内阁chair v.担任（会议等的）主席assemble v.召集，聚集electorate n.（总称）选举人，选民governor-general n.（英殖民地或英联邦国家的）总督governance n.统治方法statue n. 成文法，法令，法规working n.（常用复数）运转，运行，活动first and foremost 首先的是，首先scrutinise v.详细检查，仔细观察expenditure n.（时间、金钱等的）花费，支出restraint n.限制，约束overturn v.推翻，废除，使无效supremacy n.至高无上，最高地位bear sth. In mind 记住（某事）precedent n.先例，前例matter of course 理所当然executive n.（政府的）行政部门，行政当局integral a.基本的，不可缺少的legislature n.立法机关，议会judiciary n.司法部，司法系统successor n.继承人，继任者allege v.声称，断言extramarital a. 婚外的jet-setting a.乘坐喷气机飞来飞去的阔老的squander v.浪费，挥霍recognisance n.承认，确认controvercy n.争论，争议Texan n.（美国）得克萨斯（州）人Lounge v.闲逛，闲荡Outrage v.激怒，激起……义愤decadence n.堕落，颓废allegation n.指控，宣称come to head （事情）达到决定性阶段recession n.（经济的）衰退，衰退期jacht n.快艇，游艇endear v.使受喜爱，使受钟爱confidante n.知己的女友neutrality n.中立，中立地位Lord Spiritual上议院的神职议员（指主教或大主教）archbishop n.大主教，主教长Lord Temporal 上议院的上诉议员（指非主教或大主教的贵族议员）Civic-minded a.关心公益的，热心公民事务的Law Lord上议院执掌最高司法职务的议员，上议院法官sitting n.（议院的）开会elitist a.杰出人物统治（论）的patrilineal a.父系的，父子相传的veritable a.名副其实的，十足的allowances n.津贴，补贴，零用钱coordination n.协调，协同3.ample a.大量的nucleus n.核心，中心public services 公职，公务public servant 公务员，公仆utilise vt.使用，利用abundant a.充足的missionary n. 传教士renaissance n.复兴prophet n.预言家，预言者escalate vi.逐步增加，逐步上升grievance n.抱怨，不满eligible a.合格的，符合条件的superannuation n.退休金soar vi.猛增，剧增urbanisation n.城市化dividend n.红利，股息horticulture n.园艺，园艺学accountancy n.会计学fodder n.饲料teeritorial sea 领海rock lobster 龙虾tuna n.金枪鱼snail n.蜗牛earthworm n.蚯蚓mammal n.哺乳动物browsing a.食草的reptile n.爬行动物mortality n.死亡率，死亡数depletion n.耗尽，枯竭densely ad.稠密地，密集地to date 迄今为止habitat n.生存环境，栖息地prospective a.可能的，未来的canoe n.独木舟protocol n.礼仪，仪式acclaim vt.称赞，向……喝彩depict vt.描述，描写ballad n.叙事诗，民谣foreunner n.先驱contemporary n.同代人lyric poet 抒情诗人momentum n.势头，动力transmission n.播送，发射prorietor n.业主，所有人flourishing a.欣欣向荣的，繁荣的periodical 期刊的，定期出版的outlet n.地方广播电台或电视台coverage n.新闻报道coverage n.发行量oriental a.东方的recompense vt.报酬，酬谢，补偿dairy producce 奶制品cereal n.谷类植物，谷物across-the-board 普遍的，全面的terrain n.地面，地带，地势whole milk 全乳，全脂牛奶flavoured milk 加味牛奶eqitable a.公正的，公平合理的table fish 食用鱼abalone n.鲍鱼aquaculture n.水产养殖exotic a.外国的，引进的pulp n.纸浆malt n.麦芽rye n.黑麦barley n.大麦sorghum n.高粱maize n.玉米molasses n.糖浆rapessed n.油菜籽tariff n.关税sustainable a.可持续的sluggish a.缓慢的，慢的trade mission 贸易代表团liquefy vt.液化crude oil 原油yield vt. 出产，产reserves n.藏量，储量offset vt.补偿，抵消accord n.一致，与谐，协议，条约monetary policy 货币政策pervasive a.普遍的，流行的scandal n.丑闻utility n.公用事业commercial breaks 节目间商业广告prohibit vt.禁止legislation n.立法lottery n.彩票satelite n.卫星转播renowned a.有名的battering n.毒打commiserate vt.怜悯，同情defamation n.毁谤judicial a.司法的libel n.诽谤stipulate vt.制定deployment n. 部署missile n.导弹enterprise n.企业usurp vt.篡夺vital a.重要的engendering n.形成rank vi. 位于dominate vt.控制navy n.海军possesions n.（常用pl.）殖民地prime n.全盛期pink n.粉红色swarming n.密集bustling a.喧闹的，熙攘remote a.遥远的，偏僻的jungle n.原始森林baking a.灼热的，炎热的lush a.郁郁葱葱coral n.珊瑚lagoon n.环珊瑚axis n.轴心intact a.未受损的grant vt.许可，承认pretige n.威望superpower n.超级大国superiority n.优势treaty n.条约，协定schizophrenic a.反复无常的diminish vt. 减少fur .皮货roam vt.漫游，游历seafarers n.海员，航海者trait n.特点tear apart 使……四分五裂foster vt.鼓励，促进mount vt.上升，达到distribute vt.分配forum n.论坛subservient a.从属的supportive a.赞许的，支持的enact vt.贯彻，执行assign vt.转让，归于submarine n.潜水艇bloc n.集团dismantle vt.拆除interwine vt.纠结，缠绕conventional a.常规的spell vt.招致，意味keystone n.要旨transatlantic a.大西洋彼岸的expenditure n.经费，开销elite n.社会精英executive n.行政人员arithmetic n.算术literacy n.识字，有学问participate vi.参加，参与controversial a.有争议的corporal a.肉体的corporal punishment 体罚cane n.手杖，笞杖erase vt.消除。
英语国家社会与文化入门全文翻译
英语国家社会与文化入门全文翻译Revised by BLUE on the afternoon of December 12,2020.英语国家社会与文化入门全文翻译A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom该国，我们正在研究的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
这是一个什么在许多方面是一个复杂的国家复杂的名字。
大多数人都知道做些什么，因为它的庞大的海外帝国给它一个重要的国际作用，只是来到一个在未来数年年底，之后第二次世界大战。
然而，一些市民对英国知道（他们可能会呼吁干脆英国或错误，英格兰）可能不大如何最真实的英国人今天过自己的生活。
一方面，帝国的日子已经足够长的时间以前，只有老人记得他们的任何东西是生活中的重要性。
英国不再是一个帝国的国家，尽管其帝国的影响可能常常在遇到的各种方式，而不是在与50或更多曾是这个帝国的一部分，和国家之间的密切关系，至少它通过一个松散的维持（自愿）组织的联系称为英联邦国家。
但更重要的英国国际关系今天是欧洲联盟，其中英国1973年以来的成员，这是在考虑更有用现代英国强调它的作用作为一个欧洲国家，而不是其英联邦成员资格。
它仍然是一个相对富裕的国家，是7国集团成员的大型发达经济体。
另外一个旧帝国的作用明显成效在于弥补的英国人口本身。
从这些英联邦国家，这在20世纪50年代和60年代鼓励一些移民，已制作了其中1人在20个非欧洲种族。
他们自己或其父母或祖父母，出生在印度或巴基斯坦，加勒比国家，这些只是最常见的。
这将引入什么是对英国的章节关键主题：因为是大多数情况下，或所有，国家是不可能总结了一些简单的对话英国人民。
英国认为谁，很多人认为的英国绅士。
但是，这仅仅是一个旧有的从未适用于英国绝大多数人来说，没有什么真正的有效性今天。
英国是一个国家，一个单一的护照，和一个政府及对其所有的主权，但作为国家的大力顾名思义，它是由不同的元素组成。
它包括4一个国家内的部分国家：大不列颠岛是由英格兰，苏格兰和威尔士，北爱尔兰，一份关于爱尔兰邻近的岛屿省份，完成设置。
英语国家社会与文化入门 上册 第三版 名词解释
国概第三题t he Anglo-Saxons They were two groups of Germanic people who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England, The Good Friday Agreement As a result of muti-party negotiations, The Good Friday Agreement was approved on 10 April 1998.This agreement assures the loyalist community that Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom and it won't change its political status unless the majority of the people of Northern Ireland agree. Under the terms of the agreement, Northern Ireland should be governed by three separate jurisdictions: that of the Republic of Ireland, that of Great Britain and that of its own elected executive government of ten ministers.The House of Commons The House of Commons is the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected represent the interests of the people who vote for them.The electoral campaigns Before a general election, the political parties would start their electoral campaigns in order to make their ideologies and policies known to the public, the campaign involves advertisements in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning, postal deliveries of leaflets and “party electoral broadcasts”on the television. The parties also try to attack and criticize the opponents’ policies, Therefore, these campaigns sometimes can be quite aggressive and critical. Privatization in the 1980s: The British economy went through a particularly bad period in the 1970s, with high ate of inflation and devaluation of the Pound. Therefore, in the 1980s, when the Conservative party under Margaret Thatcher was in power, an extensive programme of privatization was carried out . Many state-owned businesses were turned into private companies. Privatization was successful in controlling inflation but at the same time unemployment rate increased rapidly.The Great Famine The Great Famine took place from 1845—48 when successive potato crops failed and many people of Ireland starved to death , or died of the diseases which preyed on malnutrition . Many left the country for the New World. The Great Famine became a watershed in Irish history , not merely because there was mass starvation and emigration , but also because the British government appeared to be indifferent to the fate of the poorest people in its nearest colony .Naturally this period is characterized by campaigns for national independence and land reform .The Dreaming The Dreaming is the belief system from ancient times that has bound indigenous group together . The central principle of the Dreaming is that the people who live on the continent have special responsibilities to the land . The people don’t own the land , instead the land owns the people . The stories of the Dreaming provide principles of how people should live and interact with each other .They also provide knowledge of the land so that the indigenous people can survive in the life-threatening environment .1.Modernism Modernism refers to a form of literature mainly written before WW11.It is characterized by a high degree of experimentation. It can be seen as a reaction against the 19th century forms of Realism. Modernist writers express the difficulty they see in understanding and communicating how the world works.Often,Modernist writing seems disorganize, hard to understand. It often portrays the action from the viewpoint of a single confused individual, rather than from the viewpoint of an all-knowing impersonal narrator outside the action. One of the mostfamous English Modernist writers is Virginia Woolf.16. Independent schoolsIndependent schools are commonly called public schools which are actually private schools that receive their funding through the private sector and tuition rates, with some government assistance. Independent schools are not part of national education system, but the quality of instruction and standards are maintained through visits from Her Majesty’s Inspectors of Schools. These schools are restricted to the students whose parents are comparatively rich.The foundations of British foreign policy: The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history and also by its geopolitical traits. As Britain lost its empire so recently, British policy-makers frequently forget that Britain is not as influential as it used to be in world affairs. Another decisive influence upon the way Britain handles its external affairs is geopolitical attitude to Europe.Britain and the EU. Britain joined the European Economic Community in 1973 which is now called the European Union (EU). Britain's participation in the EU remains controversial. At the center of the controversy is the fact that it is not clear about what the EU is and what it will become. The UK has always been interested in encouraging free trade between countries and is therefore very supportive of the EU as a free trade area. Britain likes to regard the EU as a place where economic cooperation is possible and where a flow of trained personnel and goods are possible. But Britain has always been less enthusiastic about giving up its national sovereignty to a European government.The BBC..The full name is the British Broadcasting Corporation.It was founded in 1927 as a public service radio station and later moved into television.It has been Britain's main public service broadcaster. For a long time the BBC had mainly two channels.BBC One specialized in shows with a broad appeal while BBC Two aims at a wide range of subject matter and interests, specialising in intelligent yet popular programme genres.The BBC also provides the World Service which broadcasts in English and 43 other languages throughout the world.Relative decline of the Uk economy The UK has experienced an economic decline since 1945.But this is a relative decline rather than an absolute one. Britain is wealthier and more productive than it was in 1945,but since other countries developed more rapidly,it has slid from being the second largest economy to being the sixth.The three tradition of christmas in Britain There are three Christmas traditions which are particularly British: one is the Christmas Pantomime, a comical musical play. The main male character is played by a young woman while the main female character, often an ugly woman called “the Dame”, is played by a man. Another British Christmas traditions is to hear the Queen give her Christmas message to her realm over the television and radio. A third British tradition is Boxing Day, which falls on the day after Christmas. Traditionally, it was on Bowing Day that people gave Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants. Now that most British people do not have servants, this custom is no longer observed. However, a new Boxing Day custom has emerged, in the cities: shopping. Shops open up to sell off all their Christmas stock decorations, food, cards and gift items at low pricesRomanticism：Roughly the first third of the 19th century makes up English literature's romantic period. Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than withthe power of reason. A volume of poems called Lyrical Ballads written by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge is regarded as the romantic poetry's "Declaration of Independence." Keats, Byron and Shelley, the three great poets, brought the Romantic Movement to its height. The spirit of Romanticism also occurred in the novel.。
英语国家社会与文化入门上册第8单元翻译
第8单元英国外交关系过去的英国和如今的英国在大英帝国的全盛时期，英国曾统治着全球三分之一的地区，许多二战前还是学生的英国人仍清楚地记得在世界地图上，大英帝国的版图是用粉红色标识的：这些粉红色地区从人口密集的印度到加拿大北部的冰封荒地，从繁忙的香港和新加坡港口到南美的偏僻原始森林，从澳大利亚酷热的沙漠到南太平洋苍翠的珊瑚岛礁。
直到1945年底，情况依然如此。
二战期间，英国与轴心国长时期交战，最终取得胜利，且领土保持完整。
虽然英国以前的殖民地已宣布政治独立（如加拿大、澳大利亚），但他们仍把英国视为其政治和文化中心，协助英国打败希特勒的军队。
战争结束时，英国已成为西欧最大的军事强国，其实力与威望确保它将对战后的国际新秩序产生巨大的影响。
英国在成立联合国这一问题上是非常积极的。
考虑到它对世界政治的重要性，因此英国在联合国安理会中获得了一个席位，其他四国分别是：苏联、美国、中国、和法国。
但是英国作为世界强国的时代已经结束。
不久，美、苏两国成为世界超级大国，因为从军事实力上讲，这两个国家比世界其他任何国家都更强大。
英帝国主义的时代一去不复返了。
一方面，英国已没有能力保持它原来帝国的地位。
虽然它是战胜国，但在战争期间也是付出了惨痛的代价，死伤人口众多，经济结构遭到严重破坏。
另一方面，英国认识到许多英联邦国家应该独立，各国掌管各自的事务欧洲商业统治中心不应仅仅把这些国家的人民与领土当作其经济资源的来源。
大英帝国时代的结束其速度之快令人惊讶。
1946年，位于中东地区的约旦宣告独立。
第二年，印度、巴基斯坦相继独立。
1948年，缅甸、锡兰（即现在的斯里兰卡）宣告独立并脱离了英联邦，拒绝承认英国君主作为他们新型国家的领导。
在今后的几十年中，非殖民主义化进程继续，其它的领土和殖民地都相继独立或重新回到原统治者手中。
有时，国家独立的过程是充满暴力的，比如肯尼亚和埃及。
由于大英帝国的衰落只是近些年的事许多活着的人还清楚地记得英国曾经是世界上最强大、最富有的国家之一。
英语国家社会与文化第四版上册翻译第七章翻译
英语国家社会与文化第四版上册翻译第七章翻译The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy,the head of state is a king or a queen.The United Kingdom is governed,in the name of the Sovereign by His or Her Majesty’s Government.The System of parliamentary government is not based on a written constitution,the British constitution is not set out in any single document.It is made up of statute law,common law and conventions.The Judiciary determines common law and interprets statutes.联合王国是君主立宪制国家,国家的首脑是国王或女王。
联合王国以君的名义,由国王或女王陛下政府治理。
英国的议会制度并不是基于成文宪法,英国宪法不由单一文件构成,而由成文法,习惯法和惯例组成。
司法部门裁定习惯法或解释成文法。
Elizabeth II,her title in the United Kingdom is“Elizabeth the Second,by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Her Other Realms and Territories,Queen,Head of the Commonwealth,Defender of the Faith.伊莉莎白二世，她的全称是“上帝神佑，大布列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国以及她的其他领土和领地的女王，英联邦元首，国教保护者伊莉莎白二世。
英语国家社会与文化入门全文翻译之欧阳家百创编
英语国家社会与文化入门全文翻译欧阳家百（2021.03.07）A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom该国，我们正在研究的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
这是一个什么在许多方面是一个复杂的国家复杂的名字。
大多数人都知道做些什么，因为它的庞大的海外帝国给它一个重要的国际作用，只是来到一个在未来数年年底，之后第二次世界大战。
然而，一些市民对英国知道（他们可能会呼吁干脆英国或错误，英格兰）可能不大如何最真实的英国人今天过自己的生活。
一方面，帝国的日子已经足够长的时间以前，只有老人记得他们的任何东西是生活中的重要性。
英国不再是一个帝国的国家，尽管其帝国的影响可能常常在遇到的各种方式，而不是在与50或更多曾是这个帝国的一部分，和国家之间的密切关系，至少它通过一个松散的维持（自愿）组织的联系称为英联邦国家。
但更重要的英国国际关系今天是欧洲联盟，其中英国1973年以来的成员，这是在考虑更有用现代英国强调它的作用作为一个欧洲国家，而不是其英联邦成员资格。
它仍然是一个相对富裕的国家，是7国集团成员的大型发达经济体。
另外一个旧帝国的作用明显成效在于弥补的英国人口本身。
从这些英联邦国家，这在20世纪50年代和60年代鼓励一些移民，已制作了其中1人在20个非欧洲种族。
他们自己或其父母或祖父母，出生在印度或巴基斯坦，加勒比国家，这些只是最常见的。
这将引入什么是对英国的章节关键主题：因为是大多数情况下，或所有，国家是不可能总结了一些简单的对话英国人民。
英国认为谁，很多人认为的英国绅士。
但是，这仅仅是一个旧有的从未适用于英国绝大多数人来说，没有什么真正的有效性今天。
英国是一个国家，一个单一的护照，和一个政府及对其所有的主权，但作为国家的大力顾名思义，它是由不同的元素组成。
它包括4一个国家内的部分国家：大不列颠岛是由英格兰，苏格兰和威尔士，北爱尔兰，一份关于爱尔兰邻近的岛屿省份，完成设置。
英语国家社会和文化入门课文翻译
第3单元英国的政府英国可以说是世界上最古老的代议民主制国家主，其代议民主制度起源于1000多年以前。
其它一些国家也有如此悠久的政治历史，但这些历史往往经受突然的暴力性剧变。
尽管英国历史上也曾有过政治不稳定时期，但相对于法国、美国或中国而言，英国的建国历史是一个逐渐演变而不是革命性剧变的过程。
这样长久持续的历史在英国现今的政治体制和政治文化中仍然有所体现。
（政治文化是一个国家有关政权、政府制度及政策制定的理论和价值观等。
）君主政体最古老的政府制度是君主政体（由国王统治）。
这可以追溯到从公元5世纪开始统治英国直到1066年被诺曼人征服的撒克逊人。
埃格伯特国王于公元829年将英格兰统一在自己的统治之下，而现在的女王伊丽莎白二世是他的直系后代。
君王的权利主要来自古老的信条“君权神授”。
它认为君主的权威性是来自上帝的，而不是来自他的臣民们。
虽然有时不同的家庭之间有王位之争，都坚持说自己是王位的合法继承人，但由于有这种神圣的权利，很少有人质疑过君主制是否应该存在。
1000多年来，英国一直是由世袭国王和女王统治。
但有一次短暂的例外。
在17世纪，英格兰共和派“圆颅党人”（之所以称“圆颅党人”是因为这些人公然藐视流行时尚，而把头发剪得非常短）和保皇派之间有一次内战。
圆颅党人由奥列佛·克伦威尔，他想废除君主制，而保皇派卢继续维持它。
1642年，圆颅党人成功地罢黜了国王查理一世，统治了整整11年之后，王朝复辟了。
虽然在理论上，君主有上帝撑腰，但实际上，甚至是在中古时代，人们就认为君主不能无限先例权力，而是应该乐于接受杰出人物的建议。
一群封建地主和都会反对约翰国王（1199－1216）的一些政策。
这种反对势力如此强大以致于国王最终同意给予他们一个自由宪章和一些政治权利，这个自由宪章现在仍然用的是中古时代的拉丁文名称“Magna Carta”(“大宪章”)。
大宪章对于国王进行一些限制，使他不能滥用皇家的权利，这仍然被看作是英国市民有权反对王室的一次典型表现。
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