Centrifugal model test and numerical simulation of vertical earth pressure on soft foundat
大尺寸泵用干气密封数值模拟及工业应用
年增刊56通用机械yjx 前沿技术Advanced Technology 一、前言随着石油、石化等工业向无污染、长周期、低能耗、高效益方向发展，要求离心泵的机械密封实现泵送介质的零泄漏、无污染、长寿命，并且运行维护费用低。
特别是石油、石化工业中泵送流体大多具有易燃、易爆、剧毒、污染严重等特点，普通的接触式机械密封是难以达到上述要求的，因此必须研究开发非接触、无磨损、低能耗的新型机械密封以满足石油、石化等企业生产的需要。
干气密封，即干运转、气体润滑、非接触式机械密封，是一种全新的密封概念，它采用“以气封气”或“以气封液”的思想来实现工艺介质的零逸出和零泄漏。
与传统的接触式机械密封相比，具有摩擦功耗低、使用寿命长、工作可靠性高、辅助系统简单、没有环境污染、运行维护费用低等一系列优点[1,3,4]。
该泵原密封为国外某著名公司的干气密封产品，结构为内压式双端面布置方式，结构如图1所示，2006年8月该密封损坏。
该泵的特点是轴径大、转速低。
约翰克兰鼎名密封（天津）有限公司对该泵密封进行技术改造，采用外压式双端面干气密封结构一次性安装调试成功。
图1原密封结构图二、大尺寸泵用干气密封技术难点该泵安装密封处轴径为110mm ，而一般泵轴径为25～100mm ，因此一般的泵用干气密封的尺寸也在25大尺寸泵用干气密封数值模拟及工业应用约翰克兰鼎名密封（天津）有限公司杨惠霞冯向忠作者简介杨惠霞，工学博士，副教授，主要从事高速大机组干气密封和中低速泵、釜干气密封的研究开发工作以及技术管理工作，发表论文二十多篇。
Ab s t ra c tThe performance of a large-size dry gas seal for centrifugal pumps is simulated with a comprehensive proprietary software considering FEM (nite element method),CFD (computation uid dynamics)and test experience.And its eld application is described.Furthermore,the comparison among test result,theoretically numerical simulation and eld application is introduced,which are quiteconsistent.2007www.t .ne t年增刊5通用机械yjx前沿技术Advanced～100mm之间，如约翰克兰公司的2800系列泵用干气密封的标准尺寸范围为25～100mm，轴径超过100m m的属非标密封，需进行特殊设计。
离心泵的空化流数值模拟与空化余量预测
离心泵的空化流数值模拟与空化余量预测赖喜德;廖功磊;曾维国【摘要】空化余量是泵非常重要的性能指标之一,目前主要依靠试验来确定.如何在离心泵设计过程中较为准确地预测出必须的空化余量对优化设计和提高运行稳定性等方面十分重要.针对离心泵运行过程中发生空化时的流动特点,基于Rayleigh-Plesset方程来描述空泡生长和溃灭过程的空泡动力学模型,采用混合空化两相流模型和三维全流道两相流流动数值模拟技术,探索通过数值试验来预测空化余量的方法.对一低比转速离心泵进行全流道空化流数值模拟,通过改变NPSHa来模拟试验工况,数值模拟预测出各模拟试验工况下的扬程、叶片表面压力分布、叶片表面空化发生区域以及流道内空泡体积率分布,从而预测该泵的NPSHr,其预测结果与试验值的误差小于10％.%NPSHr is one of the most important performance of a pump, which is mainly derived from hydraulic model tests. How to accurately predict a pump' s NPSHr is a great challenge to optimize design and enhance operating stability. Based on cavitating flow feature inside a centrifugal pump, bubble growth and implosion are calculated from the Rayleigh - Plesset equation which describes the dynamic behavior of spherical bubble, filled with vapor and gas, as a function of the local pressure. A numerical simulation of two -phase flow with a homogenous mixture of gas and liquid inside a centrifugal pump was employed to explore the methodology of predicting NPSHr with numerical test approach. A numerical simulation for cavitating flow inside a low specified speed centrifugal pump was conducted in whole passage. The numerical test was carried out for the centrifugal pump at different operatingconditions by varying NPSHa, which is similar to hydraulic tests, NPSHr for this pump can be predicted from the head -drop curves which were computed by numerical simulation. Meanwhile, the pressure distribution on blades surfaces, districts where cavitation occurred, and vapor volume fraction inside the flow passage of a pump could be used to investigate the cavitating flows and helpful to determine NPSHr value. It showed that the predicted result agreed with the measured results by hydraulic tests and the maximum error was within 10%.【期刊名称】《西华大学学报（自然科学版）》【年(卷),期】2013(032)002【总页数】4页(P29-32)【关键词】离心泵;空化流;两相流;数值模拟;性能预测【作者】赖喜德;廖功磊;曾维国【作者单位】西华大学能源与环境学院,四川成都610039【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TH311空化流动是水力机械运行过程中在流道中普遍存在的一种复杂的流动现象。
拖拉机常用词翻译
拖拉机常用词翻译1，2，3 speed PTO 1，2，3速动力输出2WD two wheel drive 两轮驱动3-point hitch 三点悬挂4 ultra-slow speed 4个超低速档4WD four wheel drive 四轮驱动540E （540 ECO）经济模式的540转动力输出Accelerator control lever 手油门手柄accelerator pedal 油门踏板accessory 附件adaptor 适配器adhere 粘附adhesive 粘合剂adjustable 可调的agribusiness 农业综合企业ail filter 空滤器air cooling 分冷的air inlet [intake] manifold 进气歧管air manifold 空气歧管align 使成一线alternator 发电机ambient temperature 温度ammeter电流表anticlockwise 逆时针anti-freeze 防冻液armature 电枢armrest 扶手assembly 装配Auxiliary control valve lever 多路控制手柄auxiliary socket 辅助套筒Axle casing桥外壳back hoe 后挖掘机backlash 间隙backrest 靠背backup 候补的Bale 打包baler 打包机，压捆机band 带子，组合barometer，air gauge气压表basic gearbox 基本（型）变速箱battery terminal电瓶极柱battery 电瓶battery 电瓶，蓄电池bearing 轴承bevel gear pair 锥齿轮副bleed 排空气blinker lamp 信号灯block-type synchromesh mechanism 滑块式同步器blown fuse 保险丝断bolt flange 有凸缘的螺栓bolts and nuts 螺钉和螺母bond 粘结(剂)bonnet 机罩boost charge 快充bore 缸径bore 孔,腔, 内腔bottom plow 铧式犁box blade 箱式平地机bracket 支架brake pedal 制动踏板broad caster撒种机，播种机built-in .内置的, 固定的, 嵌入的bulb 灯泡bush insulation 绝缘衬套bushing 衬套butt 粗大一端cable 电缆calcium chloride solution 氯化钙溶液cam 凸轮camshaft 凸轮轴capacity 容量，能力carbon 碳caution 警告Cement floor 水泥地面centrifugal pump 离心泵cetane 十六烷chassis 底盘chattering （机器）咯咯作响chisel plow 錾式犁circuit 回路circumference 周围clamp 夹具clamp 夹子clayey 粘土的clevis pin 叉杆销clip 夹子clockwise 顺时针clutch cover 离合器盖clutch disc boss 离合器摩擦片花键毂clutch disc 摩擦片clutch liner 离合器片clutch pedal 离合器踏板clutch release bearing 离合器分离轴承clutch 离合器cold starting device 冷启动装置collar 轴环combine instrument 组合仪表combine 组合combustion 燃烧compact tractor 紧凑拖拉机Compatibility 兼容性component 部件compress 压缩compression ratio 压缩比condenser 冷凝器cone-shape 锥形conical 锥形的connecting rod 连杆constant mesh transmission 啮合套换挡变速箱，常啮合式变速箱contact 联系coolant temperature guage 冷却液温度表coolant 冷却液coupling 连接盘，联合器crack 裂缝crank 有毛病的, 不正常的;曲柄crankshaft case 曲轴箱crankshaft 曲轴Creeper lever 爬行档手柄creeper 爬行档crimp 卷曲cultivate 培养，耕作cultivator 中耕机cushion 软垫cylinder block 机体cylinder head cove 缸头罩盖cylinder head 气缸盖damping 阻尼Dashboard 仪表板data 数据dealer 经销商dealership 商品经销特许权; 商品特许经销商Decal 贴签defective 故障的deflection 偏斜, 偏转, 偏差deflector 反射器[板], 反射镜Delivery 传输deluxe seat 豪华座椅demo 演示demonstrate 示范, 证明, 论证depress 压下detach 分开, 分离detergent 清洁剂diaphragm spring 膜片弹簧Diesel Engine 柴油机Differential lock switch 差速锁开关differential lock 差速锁diffirential差速器dimension 尺寸dipped headlight，low beam近光灯dipstick 量油计Direction indicator light 转向灯disc brake盘式制动disc-harrow 圆盘耙displacement 排量distilled water 蒸馏水distributor 批发商distributor分配器；分配装置Double action balanced steering cylinder 双作用平衡式转向油缸double thermostat 双节温器double-disk clutch with mechanical PTO 带机械式动力输出的双片离合器down silencer 下行排气管drag link 转向纵拉杆drag 牵引; 拖沓; 拖延; 迟缓的行动drain plug 放油塞draught angle牵引角drawbar 拖车，牵引钩dry disc brake 干式盘式制动dual clutch 双作用离合器dual strobe light 双过滤灯dumping angle 倾翻角durability 耐久dynamic 动力的ECU Environmental Control Unit 环境控制装置electro-hydraulic control 电液操纵electrolyte 电解液eliminate 排除engine block 发动机体Engine coolant temperature gauge 发动机水温表engine model 发动机型号Engine RPM and PTO RPM indicator 发动机和动力输出转速表engine type 发动机型式engine 发动机equivalent 相等的escutcheon 铭牌Essential 本质，实质establish 建立evacuator 抽空装置evaporate 蒸发exaggeration 夸大exclusively 专有地execute 执行，实施exhaust manifold 排气支管exhaust tappet gap. cold engine排气门间隙（冷态）exhaust valve 排气门explosive 易爆炸的exposure 暴露fan with 6 blades. Diameter 340 六片叶风扇。
电气工程专业英语词汇汇总
电气工程师专业英语词汇1. Personnel 人员职员2. Voltmeter 电压表xx3. Ohmmeter xx 电阻表4. Megohmmeter 兆欧表5. Wattmeter xx 电表功率6. Watt-hour xx 瓦特小时7. Ammeter xx 电流表8. calibrate 校正9. scale 刻度量程10. rated 额定的11. interfere with 有害于。
12. indicating needle仪表指针13. hazardous 危险的14. pivot 支点15. terminal 端子16. spiral 螺旋形的17. spring 弹簧18. shunt 分流，分路，xx，xx19. rectifier 整流器20. electrodynamometer 电测力计21. strive for 争取22. vane 机器的叶，叶片23. strip 条，带，（跨接）片24. crude 不精细的，粗略的25. polarity 极性26. fuse 保险丝，熔丝27. rugged 坚固的28. depict 描绘，描写29. cartridge 盒式保险丝30. blow （保险丝）烧断31. plug fuse 插头式保险丝32. malfunction 故障33. deenergize 不给… 通电34. insulation 绝缘35. generator 发电机36. magneto 磁发电机37. humidity 湿度38. moisture 潮湿湿气39. abbreviate 缩写，缩写为40. transformer 变压器41. thumb 检查，查阅42. milliammeter 毫安表43. multimeter 万用表44. dynamometer 测力计，功率计45. aluminum 铝46. deteriorate 使….恶化47. eddy current 涡流48. gear 齿轮，传动装置49. dial 刻度盘50. semiconductor 半导体51. squirrel 鼠笼式52. diode 二极管53. thyristor 晶闸管54. transistor 电子晶体管55. triac 双向可控硅56. phase 相位（控制）57. silicon 硅58. crystal 晶体59. wafer 薄片60. anode xx ，正极61. cathode 阴极62. collector 集电极]63. emitter 发射极64. schematic （电路）原理图符号65. leakage 漏电流66. rating 额定值，标称值，定额67. dissipate 散发68. breakdown 击穿69. heat sink 散热器70. self-latching 自锁72. geometry 几何结构73. squeeze 压榨，挤，挤榨74. light-dimmer 调光75. capability 容量76. studmounted 拴接式77. hockey puck 冰球78. fin 飞边79. active 有源的80. horsepower 马力81. diameter 直径82. in. （inch ,inches）英寸83. extruded 型材的84. clamp 夹住，夹紧86. wrench 扳手87. torque 转矩，扭矩88. enclosure 外（机）壳89. ventilation 通风，流通空气90. sealed-off 封的91. thermal 热的，热量的92. substantially 主要地，实质上地93. aptly 适当地，适宜地94. demystify 阐明95. allude 暗指，直接提到96. cease 停止，终了97. line 线电压98. ripple 脉动.99. redundant 多余的100. separately 单独励磁地101. synchronous 同步电动机102. circuitry 电路，线路103. cost-effective 花费大的104. capacitor 电容器105. dictate 确定106. trade-off xx，折衷107. criteria 标准，判据108. analog electronics电力电子学109. saturate 使…饱和110. active region 动态区域111. due 应得到的112. ratio 比，比率113. signify 表示114. encode 编码115. resonance 共鸣116. radiated 传播117. molecule 分子118. diaphragm 震动膜119. acoustic wave 声波120. wavy groove 起伏的沟槽121. deflection 挠度，挠曲122. strain gage 应变计量器123. tachometer 转速计124. thermocouple 热电偶125. oscilloscope 示波器126. analytical 解析的127. numerical 数值的128. integrate 求…的积分129. scale 改变比例130. frequency- domain 频域131. random 随机的132. audio 音频的133. operation amplifier 运算放大器134. summation 求和，加法135. sophisticated 复杂的，完善的136. mass-produce 大量生产137. subtract 减去138. inverting amplifier 反向放大器139. uninverting amplifer 同相放大器140. derive 推倒141. active filter 有源滤波器142. stabilize 使稳定143. moderate 适度的，适中的144. virtue 优点145. amplification 扩大146. capacitor 电容器147. impedance 阻抗148. bode plot xx图149. simulate 模拟，方针150. narrowband filter 带通滤波器151. low-pass filter低通滤波器152. high-pass filterxx滤波器153. differential equation 微分方程154. prebias 预偏置155. summer xx156. weighted 加权的157. refinement 改进159. envision 预见160. alphabet 字母表161. validity 正确性162. proposition 命题163. binary 二进制164. nevertheless 然而165. reveal 展现167. truthtable 真值表168. algebraical 代数的169. trial and error 试错法，试凑法170. elapse 时间（流逝）171. enumerate 列举172. expire 期满,终止173. brute 僵化的174. prime 上撇号175. trigger 引起,触发176. inversion 反相,反转177. quadruple 四合一178. fabricate 制造179. integrated circuit 集成电路180. capsule 封装182. obsolete 废弃的183. threshold 门限,阈值184. zener diode xx二极管185. adjacent 临近的,接近的186. arc welding 电弧焊187. intimately 密切地188. recast 重做189. bistable circuit 双稳电路190. cutoff 截止,关闭191. symmetry 对称192. lable 为……标号193. equilibria 平衡194. lever 杆,杠杆195. latch circuit 锁存电路196. depress 压下197. flip-flop 触发器198. glitch 同步199. leading edge 上升沿200. lagging(trailing) edge 下降沿201. inhibit 禁止202. hitherto 迄今,至今203. toggle (来回)切换204. impulse 推动力205. air gap 气隙206. aircraft 飞机207. alternating current, AC 交流208. armature 电枢209. automobile 汽车210. bearing 轴承211. brush 电刷212. carbon 碳213. circumference 圆周214. clearance 间隙215. coils 线圈绕组217. connection 接线端218. copper bar 铜导条219. copper end rings 铜端环220. core 铁心221. cylindrical 圆柱式的222. doubly excited 双边励磁223. electromechanical 机电的224. felt 毡225. ferromagnetic 铁磁的226. field pole 磁极227. flux density 磁通密度228. frame 机座，机壳229. generator 发电机230. glue 胶合，粘贴231. graphite 石墨232. induction motor感应电动机233. laminate 叠制，叠压234. lubricant 润滑剂，润滑油235. magnetic flux 磁通236. magnetizing current 磁化电流，励磁电流237. mechanical rectifier 机械式换向器238. metallic 金属的239. penetrate 透过，渗透240. periphery 周围，圆周241. perpendicular 垂直的，正交的242. polarity 极性243. protrude 使伸出，突出244. reluctance 磁阻245. revolving magnetic field 旋转磁场246. rotor 转子247. salient 突出的248. salient-pole 凸极式249. servo 伺服250. singly excited 单边励磁251. slip rings 滑环252. slot 槽，开槽253. squirrel-cage 鼠笼式，笼型254. stator 定子255. synchronous machine 同步电机256. torque 转矩257. toroid 环状物258. transformer 变压器259. unidirectional 单方向的，方向不变的260. winding 绕组261. wound-rotor 绕线式262. wrap 捆，缠，环绕263. yoke 轭264. allowable temperature rise 允许xx 265. alnico 铝镍钴合金266. asynchronous machine 异步电机267. automobile starter motor 汽车启动机268. backlash 啮合间隙，齿隙269. centrifugal force 离心力270. ceramic 陶瓷的272. constraint 强制，约束273. counter emf 反电势274. counterpart 对应物275. culminate 达到极值点277. demagnetization退磁，去磁278. denominator 分母280. dissipate 浪费281. equilibrium level 平均值282. equivalent circuit 等效电路283. figure of merit品质因数，优值284. flicker 闪烁，摇曳285. flux per pole 每极磁通286. friction 摩擦287. in parallel with xx288. in series with xx289. in terms of 根据，在……方面290. in the vicinity of 在…附近，在…左右291. indispensable 必需的，必不可少的292. inherent 固有的293. insulation 绝缘294. long-shunt 长复励295. loss 损耗296. magnetization curve 磁化曲线297. merit 优点，长处，指标298. no load 空载299. nonetheless，none the less 仍然，依然300. numerator 分子301. overload 过载302. permissible 允许的303. permanent-magnet永磁304. pertinent 有关的305. power flow diagram 功率流程图306. prefix 前缀，把…放在前面307. rated torque 额定转矩308. reaction 电感309. rheostat 变阻器，电阻箱310. series-wound 串励311. shunt-wound 并励312. short-shunt 短复励313. starting current 启动电流314. starting torque 启动转矩315. synchronous speed 同步转速316. theorem 定理317. turns 匝数318. undervoltage 欠电压319. Ward-Leonard system 发电机-电动机组系统320. windage 通风321. yield 产生，提供322. adjacent 相邻的，邻近的323. autotransformer自耦变压器324. braking 制动325. cam 凸轮326. chamber 室，腔327. conveyor 传送机328. corrosion 腐蚀329. counterclockwise 逆时针330. counter electromotive force ，CEMF反电势331. dashpot relay 油壶式继电器332. diaphragm 膜片，挡板333. drill 钻床334. elapse 过去，消逝335. enclosure 机壳336. expel 排出，放出337. fasten 固定，连接338. furnace 炉339. fuse 熔断器，保险丝340. general-purpose relay通用继电器341. hydraulic 液压传动342. initiate 引起，促进343. intake 吸入344. knob 旋钮，圆形把手345. latching relay 自锁继电器346. lathe 车床347. limit switch 限位开关348. moisture 潮气，湿度349. mount 安装350. octal-base 八脚的351. orifice xx，注xx352. pedal 踏板，踏蹬353. phase sequence 相序354. piston 活塞355. pivot 轴，支点，旋转中心356. plunger 可动铁心，插棒式铁心357. pneumatic 气动的358. relay 继电器359. single-phase 单相的360. solenoids 螺线管361. solid-state relay 固态继电器362. spring 弹簧363. tap 抽头364. three-phase 三相365. timing relay xx继电器366. toggle 搬扭，刀闸367. vibration 振动368. absolute encoder 绝对编码器369. accelerometer 加速度测量仪370. actuator 执行机构371. analog-to-digital conversion, ADC 模数转换器372. angular 角的373. auxiliary 辅助的374. as a rule of thumb 根据经验375. bellows 膜盒376. binary-coded decimal,BCD377. calibration 校准，标定，刻度378. cantilever 悬臂379. closed-loop 闭环■380. induction machine 感应式电机381. horseshoe magnet 马蹄形磁铁382. magnetic field 磁场383. eddy current 涡流384. right-hand rule 右手定则385. left-hand rule 左手定则386. slip 转差率387. induction motor 感应电动机388. rotating magnetic field 旋转磁场389. winding 绕组390. stator 定子391. rotor 转子392. induced current 感生电流393. time-phase 时间相位394. exciting voltage 励磁电压395. solt 槽396. lamination 叠片397. laminated core 叠片铁芯398. short-circuiting ring 短路环399. squirrel cage 鼠笼400. rotor core 转子铁芯401. cast-aluminum rotor铸铝转子402. bronze 青铜403. horsepower 马力404. random-wound 散绕405. insulation 绝缘406. ac motor 交流环电动机407. end ring 端环408. alloy 合金409. coil winding 线圈绕组410. form-wound 模绕411. performance characteristic 工作特性412. frequency 频率413. revolutions per minute 转/分414. motoring 电动机驱动415. generating 发电416. per-unit value 标么值417. breakdown torque 极限转矩418. breakaway force 起步阻力419. overhauling 检修420. wind-driven generator 风动发电机421. revolutions per second 转/秒422. number of poles 极数423. speed-torque curve 转速力矩特性曲线424. plugging 反向制动425. synchronous speed 同步转速426. percentage 百分数427. locked-rotor torque 锁定转子转矩428. full-load torque 满载转矩429. prime mover 原动机430. inrush current 涌流431. magnetizing reacance 磁化电抗432. line-to-neutral 线与中性点间的433. staor winding 定子绕组434. leakage reactance 漏磁电抗435. no-load 空载436. full load 满载437. Polyphase 多相(的)438. iron-loss 铁损440. rotor resistance 转子电阻441. leakage flux 漏磁通442. locked-rotor 锁定转子443. chopper circuit 斩波电路444. separately excited 他xx的446. dc motor 直流电动机447. de machine 直流电机448. speed regulation 速度调节449. shunt 并励450. series 串励451. armature circuit 电枢电路452. optical fiber 光纤453. interoffice 局间的454. waveguide 波导波导管455. bandwidth 带宽456. light emitting diode 发光二极管457. silica 硅石二氧化硅458. regeneration 再生, 后反馈放大459. coaxial 共轴的,同轴的460. high-performance 高性能的461. carrier 载波462. mature 成熟的463. Single Side Band(SSB) 单边带464. coupling capacitor 结合电容465. propagate 传导传播466. modulator 调制器467. demodulator xx468. line trap 限波器469. shunt 分路器470. Amplitude Modulation(AM调幅471. Frequency Shift Keying(FSK)移频键控472. tuner 调谐器473. attenuate 衰减474. incident 入射的475. two-way configuration 二线制476. generator voltage 发电机电压477. dc generator 直流发电机478. polyphase rectifier 多相整流器479. boost 增压480. time constant 时间常数481. forward transfer function 正向传递函数482. error signal 误差信号483. regulator 调节器484. stabilizing transformer稳定变压器485. time delay xx486. direct axis transient time constant直轴瞬变时间常数487. time invariant 时不变的488. transient response 瞬态响应489. solid state 固体490. buck 补偿491. operational calculus 算符演算492. gain 增益493. pole 极点494. feedback signal 反馈信号495. dynamic response 动态响应496. voltage control system 电压控制系统497. mismatch 失配498. error detector 误差检测器499. excitation system 励磁系统500. field current 励磁电流501. transistor 晶体管502. high-gain xx503. boost-buck 升压去磁504. feedback system 反馈系统505. reactive power 无功功率506. feedback loop 反馈回路507. automatic Voltage regulator(AVR)自动电压调整器508. third harmonic voltage 三次谐波电压509. reference Voltage 基准电压510. magnetic amplifier 磁放大器511. amplidyne 微场扩流发电机512. self-exciting 自励的513. limiter 限幅器514. manual control 手动控制515. block diagram 方框图516. linear zone 线性区517. potential transformer 电压互感器518. stabilization network 稳定网络519. stabilizer 稳定器520. air-gap flux 气隙磁通521. saturation effect 饱和效应522. saturation curve 饱和曲线523. flux linkage 磁链524. per unit value 标么值525. shunt field 并励磁场526. magnetic circuit 磁路527. load-saturation curve 负载饱和曲线528. air-gap line 气隙磁化线529. polyphase rectifier 多相整流器531. circuit parameters 电路参数532. electrical device 电气设备533. electric energy 电能534. primary cell 原生电池535. energy converter 电能转换器536. conductor 导体537. heating appliance 电热器538. direct-current 直流539. self-inductor 自感540. mutual-inductor 互感541. the dielectric 电介质542. storage battery 蓄电池543. e.m.f = electromotive fore电动势544. unidirectional current 单方向性电流545. circuit diagram 电路图546. load characteristic 负载特性547. terminal voltage 端电压548. external characteristic外特性549. conductance 电导550. volt-ampere characteristicsxx特性551. carbon-filament lamp 碳丝灯泡552. ideal source 理想电源553. internal resistance 内阻554. active (passive) circuit elements有（无）源电路元件555. deviation 偏差556. leakage current 漏电流557. circuit branch 支路558. P.D. = potential drop 电压降559. potential distribution 电位分布560. r.m.s values = root mean square values 均方根值561. permanent magnet 永磁体562. effective values 有效值563. steady direct current xx稳直流电564. sinusoidal time function 正弦时间函数566. Cartesian coordinates xx坐标系567. modulus 模568. real part 实部569. imaginary part 虚部570. displacement current 位移电流571. trigonometric transformations 瞬时值572. epoch angle 初相角573. phase displacement 相位差574. signal amplifier 小信号放大器575. mid-frequency band 中频带576. bipolar junction transistor(BJT双极性晶体管577. field effect transistor(FET)场效应管578. electrode 电极电焊条579. polarity 极性580. gain 增益581. isolation 隔离分离绝缘隔振582. emitter 发射管放射器发射极583. collector 集电极584. base 基极585. self-bias resistor 自偏置电阻586. triangular symbol 三角符号587. phase reversal 反相588. infinite voltage gain 无穷大电压增益590. differentiation 微分591. integration 积分下限592. impedance 阻抗593. fidelity 保真度594. summing circuit总和线路反馈系统中的比较环节595. pneumatic 气动的596. Oscillation 振荡597. inverse 倒数598. admittance 导纳599. transformer 变压器600. turns ratio 变比匝比601. ampere-turns 安匝(数)602. mutual flux 交互(主)磁通603. vector equation 向(相)量方程604. power frequency 工频605. capacitance effect 电容效应606. induction machine 感应电机607. shunt excited 并励608. series excited 串励609. separately excited 他励610. self excited 自励611. field winding 磁场绕组励磁绕组612. speed-torque characteristic 速度转矩特性613. dynamic-state operation动态运行614. salient poles 凸极615. excited by 励磁616. field coils 励磁线圈617. air-gap flux distribution 气隙磁通分布618. direct axis 直轴619. armature coil 电枢线圈换向器-电刷总线622. mechanical rectifier 机械式整流器623. armature m.m.f. wave 电枢磁势波624. Geometrical position 几何位置625. magnetic torque 电磁转矩626. spatial waveform 空间波形627. sinusoidal–density wave正弦磁密度628. external armature circuit 电枢外电路629. instantaneous electric power瞬时电功率630. instantaneous mechanical power 瞬时机械功率631. effects of saturation 饱和效应632. reluctance 磁阻633. power amplifier 功率放大器635. rheostat 变阻器636. self – excitation process 自励过程639. operating condition 运行状态640. equivalent T – circuit T型等值电路641. rotor (stator) winding 转子（定子绕组）642. winding loss 绕组（铜）损耗643. prime motor 原动机646. electromagnetic torque 电磁转矩647. retarding torque 制动转矩649. abscissa axis 横坐标650. induction generator 感应发电机651. synchronous generator 同步发电机652. automatic station 无人值守电站653. hydropower station 水电站654. process of self – excitation 自励过程655. auxiliary motor 辅助电动机656. technical specifications 技术条件657. voltage across the terminals 端电压658. steady – state condition瞬态暂态659. reactive in respect to 相对….呈感性660. active in respect to 相对….呈阻性661. synchronous condenser 同步进相（调相）机662. coincide in phase with 与….同相663. synchronous reactance 同步电抗664. algebraic 代数的665. algorithmic 算法的666. biphase 双相的667. bilateral circuit 双向电路668. bimotored 双xx的669. corridor 通路670. shunt displacement current xx位移电流671. leakage 泄漏672. lightning shielding 避雷673. harmonic 谐波的674. insulator string 绝缘子串675. neutral 中性的676. zero sequence current 零序电流677. sinusoidal 正弦的678. square 平方679. corona 电晕,放电680. bypass xx681. voltmeter 电压表682. ammeter 电流表683. micrometer 千分尺684. thermometer 温度计685. watt-hour meter 电度表686. wattmeter 电力表687. private line 专用线路688. diameter 直径689. centimeter 厘米690. restriking 电弧再触发691. magnitude 振幅692. oscillation 振荡693. auxiliary 辅助的694. protective gap 保护性间隙放电695. receptacle 插座696. lightning arrester 避雷装置697. bushing 套管698. trigger 起动装置699. stress 应力700. deterioration 损坏,磨损701. spark gap 火花放电隙702. traveling-wave 行波703. wye-connected 星形连接704. enclosure 设备外壳705. live conductor 带电导体706. fuse 熔断器707. structural 结构上的708. out-of-step 不同步的709. resynchronize 再同步710. synchroscops 同步指示器711. automatic oscillograph 自动示波器712. nominally 标称713. sampling 采样714. potential transformer 电压互感器715. fraction 分数716. switchyard 户外配电装置717. hazard 危险718. bushing 高压套719. contact 触点720. energize 励磁721. trip coil 跳闸线圈722. over-current relay 过电流继电器723. armature 衔铁724. pickup current 始动电流725. release current 释放电流726. solenoid relay 螺管式继电器727. induction-disc relay 感应圆盘式继电器728. inverse time relay 反时限继电器729. hydraulic 液力的730. dashpot 阻尼器733. electrical stressing 电气应力734. mechanical stressing 机械应力■735. crystal 晶体的，水晶，晶体736. demodulation 解调737. derivative 导数738. diaphragm 膜片739. differentiation 微分740. discrete 离散的741. displacement 位移742. eddy 涡流743. encoder 编码器744. error 误差，偏差745. expedite 加速746. feedback 反馈747. feedforward 前馈748. forging 锻造749. hysteresis 磁滞750. immunity 抗扰性751. impedance 阻抗752. increment encoder 增量编码器753. inertia 惯性754. integration 积分755. interface 接口756. jerk 振动，冲击757. kinematic 运动的，运动学的758. longitudinal 经度了；纵向的759. manipulations 操作，控制，处理760. manipulator 机械手，操作器761. measurand 被测量，被测量对象762. modulation 调制763. multiplexer 多路转换器764. offset 偏心765. open-loop xx766. orthogonal 垂直的，正交的767. perpendicular 垂直的，正交的768. photosensor 光电传感器769. piezoelectric 压电的770. plant 装置，设备771. potentiometer 电位器772. predominant 主要的，突出的773. prismatic 棱型的774. proximity 距离775. quantization 量化776. radial 径向的777. redundant 多余的，重复的778. representation 代表，表示779. resolver 解算器780. resonance 共振781. revolute 旋转的，转动的782. rig 设备783. robustness xx784. rolling 轧制785. sampling period 采样周期786. signal-to-noise ration ，SNR信噪比787. strategy 策略788. subsequently 其后789. tachometer 测速仪790. terminology 术语，专门名词791. threshold 门，界限，阈值792. trajectory 轨迹793. transducer 传感器794. transient 瞬态的795. transistor-to-transistor logic，TTL 晶体管-晶体管逻辑796. transit 运输797. translatory 平移的798. algorithm 算法799. ambiguity 模棱两可800. antenna 天线801. arbitration 仲裁，公断802. autonomous 匿名的803. capacity 容量804. chao 混乱805. checksum 检查和806. circumnavigate 饶过807. client-server 客户-服务器808. client-server model 客户服务器模型809. corridor 通道，走廊810. decouple 解耦，去除干扰811. depict 描述812. distributed system 分布式系统813. dungen 地牢814. electronic mail 电子邮件815. entity 实体816. etiquette 规则817. exponential 指数818. fallout xx，附带结果819. forward 转发820. full-duplex xx821. gamut 全体，整体822. goggles 护目镜，潜水镜823. half-duplex xx824. hierarchy 阶梯，等级825. host 主机826. infrastructure 基础，底层结构827. interactive 交互式828. interface data unit 接口数据单元829. inventory 存货，清单830. killer 迷人的831. newsgroup 新闻组832. object-oriented 面向对象的833. outgoing 外出了，离开的834. pointer 指针835. primitive 操作，原型836. process 进程837. propagation 传播，宣传838. protocol 协议839. protocol data unit 协议数据单元840. remote database 远程数据库841. remote login 远程登陆842. remote terminal 终端843. reprisal 报复844. router 路由器845. service data unit 服务数据单元846. simultaneous 同时的847. static allocation 静态分配848. subnet 子网849. taxonomy 分类学，分类850. telemedicine 远程医疗851. terminology 术语852. testbed 测试平台853. therapy 治疗854. token 令牌855. topology 拓扑学856. videoconference 可视会议857. virtual reality 虚拟现实858. worldwide shared 全球共享的859. wide area network 广域网860. actuator 执行器861. bar code reader 条码阅读器862. by-product 副产品863. call for 需要864. contiguous 邻近的865. culprit 犯罪者866. elusive 难以捉摸的867. filter 滤波器868. fluctuation 升降剥动，不规则的变化869. hardwired 硬接线的870. havoc 大破坏871. high-volume 大容量872. induction coupling 感应耦合873. inference 干扰874. injection molding 注模875. instruction set 指令集876. interconnection 相互连接877. isolation transformer 隔离变压器878. maintenance 维护879. multiple axis drive 多轴驱动880. pilot light 信号灯881. RF noise 射频干扰882. shock 冲击883. solenoid 线圈884. stand-alone 独立的885. stepper 步进电机886. thermocouple 热电偶887. troubleshoot 排除故障888. uninterruptible power supply 不间断电源889. vendor 生产厂商890. vibration 震动891. water-tight 防水892. wreak 发泄，报复893. configuration 组态894. Cyclic Redundancy Check 循环冗余检查895. electromagnetic interference 电磁干扰896. meticulous 详细的897. nonvolatile 非挥发的898. parity 校验899. peripheral 外设900. pharmaceutical 药剂，药品901. rack mounting 机架安装902. resident program 驻留程序903. spare 备用的904. standby 后备的905. volatile 挥发的，易失的906. watchdog timer 看门狗定时器907. distribution 分配，配电908. primary 最初的，基本的，初级线圈909. radial 径向的，辐射状的910. premise 上述各点，前言，根据911. residential 住宅的，居住的912. residence 住宅913. occupancy 占有，占用，居住914. tap 抽头915. establishment 组织，部门916. dwelling 住房917. panel 操纵台，面板918. laundry 洗衣房919. means 手段，工具920. condominium （国际）共官921. branch circuit 直路922. conduit 导线，导线管923. rigid 刚性的，坚固的924. clamp 夹，钳925. bolt 螺栓926. cubicle xx927. interrupter 断续(流、电、路)器928. margin 余量，裕度929. nuisance 障碍，公害930. receptacle 插座，插孔931. algebraic 代数的932. virtually 实际上，实质上933. fluorescent 荧光的，有荧光性的934. fixture 设备，装置]935. vicinity 附近，邻近，接近936. ballast 镇流器937. feeder 馈电线，电源线，馈电板938. ground-fault protector （GFP）939. ground-fault circuit interrupter（GFCI）接地故障保护器，接地故障断路器940. centrifugal 离心的，离心力941. whilst=while942. sphere 球体943. counteract 抵抗，抵消，消除944. joint 关节，铰链945. keyway 键槽946. pivot 轴，支点947. link 连杆948. throttle 节流阀，风门949. synthesis 综合物950. mass 物质，块，堆951. classic xx的，经典的，传统的952. steer 驾驶，操纵，引导953. servomechanism 伺服机构，伺服系统954. actuate 激励，驱动955. intimately 紧密地，直接的956. academic 纯理论的957. dial 刻度盘，调节控制盘958. calibration 标定，标准化959. lubrication 润滑，注油960. arrangement 结构961. wear 磨损，损耗962. subtle 微妙的，巧妙的963. transducer 变送器964. hand-wheel 手轮，驾驶盘，操纵盘965. hydraulic 液压的，液压传动装置966. pneumatic 气动的，气动力学的967. electro-hydraulic 电动液压的968. electro-pneumatic 电动气动的969. coincidence 一致，相等970. faithful 正确的，可靠的971. fidelity 重现精度，真实，正确972. oscillatory 振动的，摆动的973. align 调整，校准974. profile 轮廓，仿行975. milling machine 铣床976. gyroscope 陀螺仪977. launcher 发生器，启动装置978. inertial 惯性的，惯量的979. electrolytic 电解的980. plate （电）镀981. distillation 蒸馏982. blend 混合，调和，配料983. philosophy 基本原理984. analytical 分析的，分解的985. orifice 侧流板，隔板986. diaphragm 膜，隔板987. knob xx，圆形把手988. nomenclature 术语989. liable 有责任的990. autonomic 自治的991. grossly 大概，大体上的992. ideological 思想的993. morally xx上，道义上994. boredom 讨厌，无趣995. deterioration 变化，降低品质996. ambient 环境的997. remarks 附注，要点998. differential pressure transducer差压变送器999. viscous 粘稠的1000.viscous friction 粘滞摩擦.1001.bearing 轴承1002.rolling mill 轧钢机1003.mine minder 矿坑卷扬机1004.velodyne 伺服积分器1005.feasible 可行的1006.regenerative braking 回馈制动1007.eddy current braking 涡流制动1008.dynamic braking 能耗制动1009.reverse braking 反接制动1010.advent 出现1011.prolong 延长1012.armature 电枢1013.contactor 接触器1014.hoist 起重机1015.field winding 励磁绕组1017.riiple 纹动1018.creep 蠕动1019.tachogenerator 测速发电机1020.quadrant 象限1021.coast 跟踪惯性1022.profile 轮廓1023.conveyance 运输工具1024.lever 手柄，控制杆1026.ac squirrel cage induction motor交流笼型感应电动机1027.accutrol 控制器1028.stator 定子1029.rotor 转子1030.DC link 直流环节1031.Triac 双向晶闸管1032.Adjustable-voltage inverter 电压型逆变器1033.Current source inverter 电流型逆变器1034.refinement 明确表达1035.pros and cons 优缺点1036.cogging 齿槽效应.1037.retrofit 改型1038.damper 减速器1039.pitfall 缺陷1040.vernier 游标尺1041.jog 啮合1042.runout table 输出轨道1043.clinker-cooler 熟料冷却器1044.kiln 炉1045.grinder 磨床1046.pitch 齿轮1047.inventory 存货1048.cone pulley 塔轮，快慢轮1049.escalation 升级，提高1050.forced-draft 强制通风1051.induced-draft fan 吸风机1052.elbow 弯头。
abaqus使用中英文词汇对比
cap model|盖帽模型
casing|套管
cast in place|灌注桩
cement column|水泥桩
cement mixing method|水泥土搅拌桩
centrifugal model test|离心模型试验
chemical stabilization|化学加固法
elastoplastic model|弹塑性模型
embedded depth of foundation|基础埋置深度
end-bearing pile|端承桩
engineering geologic investigation|工程地质勘察
coefficient of gradation|级配系数
coefficient of permeability|渗透系数
coefficient of variation|变异系数
cohesion|粘聚力
collapsible loess treatment|湿陷性黄土地基处理
clay|粘土
clay fraction|粘粒粒组
clay minerals粘土|矿物
clayey silt|粘质粉土
clayey soil|粘性土
coarse sand|粗砂
cobble|卵石
coefficent of compressibility|压缩系数
coefficient of consolidation|固结系数
belled pier foundation|钻孔墩基础
bench slope|台阶式坡形
Biot’s consolidation theory|比奥固结理论
石油工程专业英语单词
石油工程专业英语单词Aabnormal pressure 异常高压absolute open flow potential 绝对敞喷流量absolute permeability 绝对渗透率acetic acids 乙酸acid-fracturing treatment 酸化压裂处理acidize 酸化acidizing 酸化additives 添加剂Alkali/Surfactant/Polymer（ASP） tertiary combination flooding 三元复合驱anhydrite 无水石膏annular space 环形空间appraisal well 估计井，评价井aquifer 含水层areal sweep efficiency 面积波及系数artificial lift methods 人工举升方法Bbeam pumps 游梁式抽油机bitumen 沥青blast joint 耐磨钻头block and tackle 滑轮组blowout preventes 防喷器blowout 井喷bone strength 胶结强度borehole 井筒，井眼bottomhole/wellhead pressure 井底/井口压力bottorm water 底水breakthrough 突破，穿透bubble point 泡点bubble point pressure 泡点压力Ccable tool drilling 顿钻钻井capillary action 毛细管作用carbonate reservoirs 碳酸盐储层casing hanger 套管悬挂器casing head 套管头casing collapse 套管损坏casing corrosion 套管腐蚀casing leak 套管漏失casing pressure 套管压力casing string 套管柱casing 套管casing-tubing configuration 套管组合casing-tubing configuration 油套管井身结构caustic flooding 碱水驱油cavings 坍塌cement additive 水泥浆添加剂cement job 固井作业cement plug 水泥塞cement slurry 水泥浆cementation 固井，胶结cementing practices 注水泥施工centralizer 扶正器chemical flooding 化学驱油chock 节流器choke 油嘴，阀门christmas tree 采油树combustion engines 内燃机compatibility 兼容性compatibility 兼容性，配伍性completion interval 完井层段compressibility 压缩系数compression coefficient 压缩系数compressive strength 抗压强度cone bit 牙轮钻头connate water 共生水，原生水continuous gas lift 连续气举core sample 岩心样品cost-per-day basis 每天成本基价cost-per-foot basis 每英尺成本基价crank 曲柄crown block 天车crude oil 原油cumulative production 累计产量Ddamage well/zone 污染井/带darcy 达西darcy‘s law 达西定律dead line 死绳dehydration 脱水deposit 沉积，贮存n，矿床，蕴藏量derrick 井架derrick 钻塔，井架development well 开发井development well 生产井dewpoint 露点diesel fuel 柴油discovery well 资料井displacement efficiency 驱油效率displacement efficiency 驱替效率displacement rate 驱替效率displacing fluid 驱替液displacing medium 驱替介质dissolved-gas drive reservoir溶解气驱油藏downhole assembly 井下装置downhole equipment 井下装置downhole 井底，井下downsroke 下行冲程drainage areas/radius 泄油面积/半径drill collar 钻铤drill collars 钻铤drill 钻井driller 司钻，钻工drilling floor 钻台drilling line 大绳drilling slot 井槽drilling contract 钻井合同drilling fluid 钻井液drilling location 井位drilling rate 钻速drillpipe 钻杆drillship 钻井船drillsite 井场drillstring 钻柱dry forward combustion 干式正向燃烧Eeffective displacement 有效驱替effective permeability 有效渗透率effective wellbore vadius 有效井筒半径electric submersible centrifugal pumps 电泵embrittlement 脆裂emulsion 乳化剂encroachment 水侵enhanced oil recover（EOR）提高采收率ethane 乙烷Ffault 断层fishing tool 打捞工具flow efficiency 完善系数flow regime 流动类型/方式flowing tubing pressure 井口流压flowing well 自喷井fluid loss agent 降滤失剂fluid loss control 防液体漏失foam flooding 泡沫驱油、foam-type drilling fluid 泡沫钻井液formation volume factor 地层体积系数formic acids 甲酸fractional flow 分相流动fracture acidizing 酸化压裂fracture fluid 压裂液fracture pressure 破裂压力fracture 裂缝，断裂free gas 游离气Ggas cap 气顶gas condensate reservoir 凝析气藏gas lift 气举gas-lift valve 气举阀gas-liquid ratio 气液比gas-oil ratio 汽油比gasoline 汽油gear reducer 齿轮减速器geothermal gradient 地温梯度gravity drainage 重力泄油gravity segregation 重力分离gum bed 地蜡gusher 自喷井，喷油井Hheavy oil 重油heterogeneous reservoir 非均质储层heterogeneous 非均质的high gravity 高API度，轻质的hole angle 井斜角horizontal well 水平井hreaded coupling 螺纹接口huff and puff 蒸汽吞吐hydraulic fracture 水力压裂hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物hydrogen sulfide 硫化氢hydrostatic head 静水压头hydrostatic pressure 静液压力Iindividual well 单井inhibitor 抑制剂initial completion 初次完井injection rate 注入速度/量interfacial tension 表面张力intermediate casing string 技术套管intermediate casing 中间套管intermittent gas lift 间歇气举Jjackknife derrick 折叠式井架jelly 胶状物，凝胶物joints 根数junction box 接线匣Kkelly 方钻杆kerosene 煤油kick 井涌kill corrosion 压力液kill line 压井管线kill the well 关井Llanding nipple 坐放短节leading edge 前缘leakoff rate 漏失速率load-bearing capacity 承重能力logger 测试仪器logging 测井lost circulation 漏失lost circulation additive 堵漏剂lubricant 润滑油Mmaking a trip 起下钻making a connection 接单根massive hydraulic fracturing 大型水力压裂material balance calculations 物质平衡方程matrix acidizing 基质酸化mechanical efficiency 机械效率methane 甲烷microbial enhanced oil recovery 微生物强化采油microemulsion flooding 微乳液驱油mobility rate 流度比mobility 流度，流动性mud pump 泥浆泵mud thinner 降粘剂mud 泥浆mud/section pit 泥浆池multipay reservoir 多油层油田Nnatural fissure 天然裂缝nature gas 天然气net thickness 有效厚度net thickness 有效厚度nogo nipple 不过端短节nozzle 喷油嘴numerical simulation 数值模拟Ooffset well 补偿井oil formation volume factor 原油地层体积系数oil saturation 残余油饱和度oil seeps 油苗oil spill 油漏open-hole completion 裸眼完井organic acids 有机酸overburden 地层表土overburden pressure 上覆岩层压力overload protection 过载保护Ppacker 封隔器pad fluid 前置液paraffin 石蜡，链烷烃paraffin base 石蜡基pay zone 生产层，产油层pay sand 产油层，生产层peak load 最大载荷，峰值负值penetration rate 进尺速度penetration rate 渗入速度，机械钻速percussion 顿钻perforating job 射孔作业performance velationship 动态关系permeability 渗透率permeability anisotropy 渗透率各向异性petroleum 石油petroleum engineer 石油工程师petroleum industry 石油工业petroleum jelly 石油膏phase diagram 相态图piston stroke 活塞冲程pitman 联杆泵plate tectonics 板块构造理论plunger lift 活塞气举polished rod 光杆polymer flooding 聚合物驱油pore volume 有限孔隙体积porosity 孔隙度porous medium 多孔介质porous rock 多孔岩石positive-displacement position 容积式驱替活塞power fluid 传动液preflush 前置液preflush fluid 前置液，冲洗液pressure build up test 压力恢复试井pressure differential 压差pressure drawdown 压降，压差pressure gradient 压力梯度primary recovery 一次开采primary cementing 固井，初次注水泥primary porosity 原生孔隙度prime mover 原动机produced fluid 产出液producing rate 开采速度producting formation 生产层production technology 采油技术production casing 生产套管production platform 采油平台production string 生产（油层）套管productivity 生产率productivity index 生产指数proposed well 资料井proppant 支撑剂pseudo-steady-state flow 拟稳定流动put back on production 恢复生产Rradial area 径向面积radical flow 径向流recoverable reserve 可采储量recovery rates 回采收率，开采速度relative permeability 相对渗透率remaining oil 剩余油remedial work 修井作业reservoir drive mechanism 油藏驱油机理reservoir heterogeneous 储层非均质性reservoir 储层，储集层，油层residual oil saturation 残余油饱和度resistivity curre 电阻率曲线reverse combustion 反向燃烧rig 钻机riser 隔水管rodless pumping system 无杆泵系统roller bit 牙轮钻头rotary drilling 旋转钻井rotary hose 水龙带rotary system 旋转钻井系统rotary table 转盘rotary table 转盘rotary 旋转钻井Ssafety valve 安全阀salinity 矿化度salinity 矿化度sand control 含沙量控制sand production 油井出砂sandstore 砂岩secondary recovery 二次开采secondary porosity 次生孔隙度seep 漏出，渗出n，（油气）苗seepage n，渗出，流出seismic interpretation 地震解释separator 分离器setting time 凝固时间shale 页岩，泥岩shear rate 剪贴速率shut-in well pressure 关井压力skin effect 表皮效应slotted liner 割裂衬管sloughing 坍塌性的slurry density 水泥浆密度slurry viscosity 水泥浆粘度sonic bond log 声波测井spontaneous potential（SP）自然电位stabilizer 稳定器standpipe 立管stands 立管static reservoir pressure 油层静压steam flooding 蒸汽驱油stimulation 增产措施stricking problem 卡钻stripper well 低产井stroke length 冲程长度stuffing box 填料盒submersible rig 坐底式钻井平台substructure 井架底座subsurfance unit 地下单位subsurfance pump 井下泵sucker rod 抽油杆sulfide embrittlement 硫化氢脆裂sulfur 硫磺superficial velocity 表观粘度surface casing 表层套管surface flow line 地面流动管线surface tesion 表面张力surface unit 抽油机，地面装置surfactant flooding 表面积活性剂驱油switchboard 配电盒swivel 旋转钻头Ttensile strength 抗拉强度thickening time 稠化时间tool pusher 钻井队长torque rating 扭矩测定transformer 变压器，转换器transient flow 瞬变流动tubing string 油管柱turbulent flow 紊流Uunswept zone 未波及区upstroke 上行冲程Vvalve 阀门，阀vertical flow 垂直流vertical sweep efficiency 纵向波及系数vertical well 垂直井vibrating screens 振动筛viscosity 粘度void space 孔隙volume factor 体积系数volumetic sweep efficiency 体积波及系数volumetric efficiency 容量效率vug 孔洞，溶洞Wwait on cement（WOC）侯水泥凝固water flood recovery 注水采油water flooding 水驱water injection 注水量water-oil ratio 油水比water-sensitive 水敏性的wax 石蜡well bore 井眼well completion 完井well deliverability equation 油井产能方程well intake pressure 井口注入压力well-killing fluid 压裂液wet combustion 湿式燃烧wettability 润湿性wildcat well 预探井wildcatter 勘探者withdrawal 产出，采出workover 油井维修汉译英原油 crude oil天然气 natural gas方钻杆 kelly钻杆 drillpipe泥浆泵 mud pump转盘 rotary table封隔器 packer旋转钻井 rotary drilling固井 cementing裸眼完井 openhole completion井口 well head扶正器 centralizer三次采油 tertiary recovery射孔 perforating油管 tubing油井流入动态 inflow performance relationship 井底流压 bottom hole flowing pressure采油指数 productivity index增产增注措施 stimulation近井地带 near-well bore region含水率 water cut最终采收率 ultimate recovery剩余油 remaining oil提高采收率 IOR水驱 water flooding原始地质储量 OOPI（original oil in place）流度比 mobility ratio有效渗透率 effective permeability孔隙体积 pore volume上冲程 upstroke下冲程 downstroke润湿性 wettability聚合物驱 polymer flooding11。
(2021年整理)研究生机械工程专业英语考试必背单词
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单词Lesson 1Gear 齿轮, 传动装置Bearing 轴承Cams 凸轮Cams and followers 凸轮和从动件Couple 力偶mechanics 力学statics 静力学,静止状态dynamics动力学,原动力，动力特性constraint forces 约束力applied forces 作用力Electric , magnetic, and gravitational forces 电,磁，重力mating surface 啮合表面,配合表面,接触面meshing 啮合，咬合，钩住meshing teeth 啮合齿journal bearing 滑动轴承，向心滑动轴承metal-to-metal contact 金属 - 金属接触Overheating 过热failure 失效flaking 薄片，表面剥落，压碎Spall 削，割，剥落,脱皮noise 噪音rough motion运动不精确inertia惯性particle 质点rigid body刚体deformable可变形的，应变的deformable Body 变形体Scalar 数量的，标量的Vectors矢量Density密度Mass质量Displacement位移Velocity速度Acceleration加速度Moment力矩，弯矩Momentum动量，冲量Lesson 2 Compressive压缩的，有压力的Turning 车削Rectilinear直线的micrometer 千分尺又称螺旋测微器Power hacksaws 弓锯床Shaper牛头刨床Thread 螺纹Work：功muscular action肌肉动作mechanical motion机械运动stretch an object拉伸对象tensile force：拉力in tension：受拉compressive force：压力torsional force:扭力torque：扭矩shearing force ：剪切力twist an object扭曲对象Slide滑,脱落Slip滑动，滑移in compression受压turning of a part对一个零件进行车削加工wedging action：楔入作用chip ：切屑centers of the lathe车床的顶尖lathe dog车床夹头centrifugal force ：离心力grinding wheel ：磨削砂轮bonding agent ：粘合剂abrasive particle：磨料颗粒centrifuge-type machines离心式机械Centrifuge离心机，离心作用Centrifugal force principles离心力原理centripetal force ：向心力rotary motion：回转运动rectilinear motion:直线运动hand tool手工工具power tool动力工具feed：进给shaping：采用牛头刨床（shaper）进行刨削加工power saw：弓锯床，弓式锯床the screw of a micrometer 意为“千分尺中的螺杆"harmonic and intermittent motion ：谐和运动和间歇运动simple harmonic motion ：简谐运动return stroke：快速回程shaper ram：刨床滑枕Pulley滑轮Screw螺丝钉Belt带Link链Lesson 3Interactive互相作用的Iterative重复的, 反复的, 迭代的Pinpoint 精确地定位或确认Equilibrium 平衡，均衡Tractable 易于处理或操作的Order of magnitude 数量级Ideally理想的情况下so as to为了with any precision很少精确idealize理想化idealization 理想化strength of materials材料力学Dynamics动力学Approximations近似值be inherent in为、、、所固有，是、、、的固有性质Render提出，给予，描绘degrading the result使结果降级pertinent有关prohibitive令人望而却步Influx流入,注入，涌进，汇集Lesson 5Sprocket链轮snap ring 卡环Universal joints万向联轴器Self-aligning bearing 调心轴承,球面轴承, 自位轴承Dry ice干冰Shot-peening喷丸硬化处理Pin销Key键Spline花键Couplings联轴器nondriving wheel非驱动轮idler gear空转齿轮,换向齿轮be subjected to承受Fluctuate变动,波动，起伏alternating bending stress交变弯曲应力deflections挠度lateral shaft deflection横向轴的挠度angular deflection角偏转non—self- aligning bearings非自调心轴承Torsional deflection扭转变形critical speed临界速度Attachment of the hub毂的附件Keyway键槽Axial轴向Circumferential圆周方向Positioning定位Retaining固定retaining ring定位环hub—to-shaft attachments轮毂与轴之间的连接interference fit过盈配合hub bore毂孔bending moment弯矩cold—rolling冷轧relative slope相对倾斜Journal轴颈plain bearing 滑动轴承Lesson 6Clutch 离合器Brake 制动器Friction 摩擦Chain 链，链条Timing belt 同步带Belt drive 带传动coefficient of friction摩擦系数rayon人造纤维timing belt同步带V—belt drive V带传动Foregoing在前的，前述的fatigue life疲劳寿命power transmitted电力传输rotatable shaft可以转动的轴，从动轴rotating shaft转动轴，主动轴input shaft输入轴output shaft输出轴unloaded state空载状态Rotor转子rotational inertia转动惯量torque capacity 扭矩容量kinetic and potential energy动能和势能provision 规定thermal capacity 热容量thermal stress热应力thermal distortion热变形rubbing velocity摩擦速度Lining内衬,衬套empirical value经验值Chain drives链传动gear drives齿轮传动speed ratio速比shaft separation distance轴间隔距离arbitrary center distance任意的中心距positive （no slip) drive强制（无滑动）传动synchronized motion同步运动conveyor systems, farm machinery, textile machinery传送带系统，农用机械，纺织机械chain loop链环40-kW power ratings ：40千瓦的额定功率Lesson 9Ceramic bearing 陶瓷轴承Silicon硅Titanium 钛Adherence 粘附，附着gas turbine engines 燃气涡轮发动机liquid lubricant液体润滑剂Exploit利用，发挥,使用Tribological 摩擦学的ceramic rolling bearing陶瓷滚动轴承thermo-mechanical热机械Tool steel工具钢Aeroengine航空发动机practical temperature limit 实际的温度上限virtual exclusion虚拟排斥hot pressed 热压hot isostatically pressed 热等静压的silicon nitride Si3N4rolling contact fatigue滚动接触疲劳low fracture toughness低的断裂韧性coefficient of thermal expansion热膨胀系数thermal conductivity导热系数thermal diffusivity热扩散系数，温度扩散率oxidation resistance抗氧化性Hertzian contact stresses 赫兹接触应力Solid lubricant固体润滑剂synthetic lubricant合成润滑剂unconventional lubricant非常规润滑剂boundary lubrication边界润滑wear resistance耐磨性tribo-chemical film摩擦化学膜Shear剪切，切断heat stable热稳定Imperative命令，绝对必要的，必不可少的Lesson 14Melting point熔点Specific heat比热Specific gravity比重Shrink fit 冷缩配合，收缩配合thermal conductivity热导率,导热率thermal expansion热膨胀corrosion resistance耐蚀性reduce inertial force减小惯性力Substitution 替换recrystallization temperature再结晶温度Annealing退火heat treating热处理hot working热加工minor 微小的surface roughness 表面粗糙度Metallurgical冶金学的Titanium钛thermal gradient热梯度relative expansion相对膨胀glass-to—metal seals玻璃—金属密封件Shrink fit冷缩配合，收缩配合Deterioration恶化，变质，退化Degradation降解，老化，退化petroleum 石油elevated temperature高温Alkalis碱oxygen， moisture, pollution， and acid rain氧气，湿气，污染和酸雨Nonferrous metals, stainless steels, and nonmetallic materials，有色金属,不锈钢，和非金属材料cast iron铸铁chromium铬protective film保护膜Lesson 28Basic size基本尺寸Deviation偏差Interchangeable互换性Interchangeability互换性Unilateral， bilateral, and limit forms。
高斯朴素贝叶斯训练集精确度的英语
高斯朴素贝叶斯训练集精确度的英语Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB) is a popular machine learning algorithm used for classification tasks. It is particularly well-suited for text classification, spam filtering, and recommendation systems. However, like any other machine learning algorithm, GNB's performance heavily relies on the quality of the training data. In this essay, we will delve into the factors that affect the training set accuracy of Gaussian Naive Bayes and explore potential solutions to improve its performance.One of the key factors that influence the training set accuracy of GNB is the quality and quantity of the training data. In order for the algorithm to make accurate predictions, it needs to be trained on a diverse and representative dataset. If the training set is too small or biased, the model may not generalize well to new, unseen data. This can result in low training set accuracy and poor performance in real-world applications. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that the training data is comprehensive and well-balanced across different classes.Another factor that can impact the training set accuracy of GNB is the presence of irrelevant or noisy features in the dataset. When the input features contain irrelevant information or noise, it can hinder the algorithm's ability to identify meaningful patterns and make accurate predictions. To address this issue, feature selection and feature engineering techniques can be employed to filter out irrelevant features and enhance the discriminative power of the model. Byselecting the most informative features and transforming them appropriately, we can improve the training set accuracy of GNB.Furthermore, the assumption of feature independence in Gaussian Naive Bayes can also affect its training set accuracy. Although the 'naive' assumption of feature independence simplifies the model and makes it computationally efficient, it may not hold true in real-world datasets where features are often correlated. When features are not independent, it can lead to biased probability estimates and suboptimal performance. To mitigate this issue, techniques such as feature extraction and dimensionality reduction can be employed to decorrelate the input features and improve the training set accuracy of GNB.In addition to the aforementioned factors, the choice of hyperparameters and model tuning can also impact the training set accuracy of GNB. Hyperparameters such as the smoothing parameter (alpha) and the covariance type in the Gaussian distribution can significantly influence the model's performance. Therefore, it is important to carefully tune these hyperparameters through cross-validation andgrid search to optimize the training set accuracy of GNB. By selecting the appropriate hyperparameters, we can ensure that the model is well-calibrated and achieves high accuracy on the training set.Despite the challenges and limitations associated with GNB, there are several strategies that can be employed to improve its training set accuracy. By curating a high-quality training dataset, performing feature selection and engineering, addressing feature independence assumptions, and tuning model hyperparameters, we can enhance the performance of GNB and achieve higher training set accuracy. Furthermore, it is important to continuously evaluate and validate the model on unseen data to ensure that it generalizes well and performs robustly in real-world scenarios. By addressing these factors and adopting best practices in model training and evaluation, we can maximize the training set accuracy of Gaussian Naive Bayes and unleash its full potential in various applications.。
吸油烟机用多叶离心通风机的数值模拟
Abstract: The internal flow field of a multi- blade centrifugal fan for range hoods is analyzed by numerical simulations. According to the results of the numerical simulations and tests, an improved model, which involves modifications of the inlet and the right side of the nozzle of the impeller is obtained. The comparison of the numerical results for the original and improved model shows that the total pressure and efficiency of the improved model is higher than for the original model. The optimization of the right side of the impeller nozzle shows the good flow guiding effect, the total pressure rise near the volute tongue is increased. Key words：range hood, multi-blade centrifugal fan, numerical simulation, total pressure, total pressure efficiency
非保守荷载超弹性大变形分析的复变量无单元Galerkin方法
摘要不同于其它数值计算方法在求解过程中需要划分网格，无网格法在求解力学问题时只需要定义节点，直接建立系统代数方程，在涉及网格畸变、网格移动等问题时具有灵活性、自适应性，是一种具有强大发展潜力的数值计算方法。
无单元Galerkin方法是目前应用最广的无网格计算方法，本文将复变量移动最小二乘近似引入无单元Galerkin方法中，可以改进无单元Galerkin方法中计算量大的问题。
相对于移动最小二乘近似，采用复变量移动最小二乘近似中基函数的维数降低，从而试函数中的系数项减少，问题域中需要的节点数也相应减少，计算效率提高。
在实际工程结构和材料的大变形过程中，外荷载往往会随着受力面的变形而发生变化，此时荷载是依赖于变形状态的非保守力，数值处理相对复杂。
相较于弹性材料的大变形分析，超弹性材料在受力作用下可以产生更大的变形，而且由于其近不可压性，在采用数值方法进行求解时易出现体积锁死和压力震荡现象，造成分析困难。
综上所述，有必要研究非保守荷载下超弹性材料的大变形问题。
使用有限元方法解决这类问题时易发生网格畸变，无网格法由于其自身的优越性，在处理这类问题上有很大的优势。
本文将复变量无单元Galerkin方法应用于求解非保守荷载下弹性和超弹性大变形问题，采用罚函数法引入本质边界条件，推导了非保守荷载大变形问题的增量形式的完全Lagrange格式的Galerkin积分弱形式。
采用混合变量法解决超弹性材料的不可压性带来的求解困难，采用复变量移动最小二乘法建立位移场的逼近函数，推导了相应的超弹性切线模量、应变位移转换矩阵和刚度矩阵，建立了无网格大变形分析的离散方程，采用Newton-Raphson法进行迭代求解。
本文建立了非保守荷载作用下超弹性大变形分析的算法流程，编制了MATLAB计算程序，对经典悬臂梁算例、蜂窝结构以及纯弯梁算例等进行了计算分析。
与无单元Galerkin方法得到的结果相比，采用复变量无单元Galerkin 方法计算效率更高；采用复变量无单元Galerkin方法分析大转动问题时能得到非常大的变形而不会因产生网格畸变导致很大的误差；对三维超弹性材料进行模拟与分析，分析了超弹性材料在基本荷载作用下的应力应变关系；分析了采用复变量无单元Galerkin方法求解负泊松比结构的可行性，为研究负泊松比结构的物理特性和力学性能奠定了基础。
计量经济学英语词汇
计量经济学英语词汇 Document number：BGCG-0857-BTDO-0089-2022计量经济学英语词汇Absolute deviation, 绝对离差Absolute number, 绝对数Absolute residuals, 绝对残差Acceleration array, 加速度立体阵Acceleration in an arbitrary direction, 任意方向上的加速度Acceleration normal, 法向加速度Acceleration space dimension, 加速度空间的维数Acceleration tangential, 切向加速度Acceleration vector, 加速度向量Acceptable hypothesis, 可接受假设Accumulation, 累积Accuracy, 准确度Actual frequency, 实际频数Adaptive estimator, 自适应估计量Addition, 相加Addition theorem, 加法定理Additive Noise, 加性噪声Additivity, 可加性Adjusted rate, 调整率Adjusted value, 校正值Admissible error, 容许误差Aggregation, 聚集性Alpha factoring,α因子法Alternative hypothesis, 备择假设Among groups, 组间Amounts, 总量Analysis of correlation, 相关分析Analysis of covariance, 协方差分析Analysis Of Effects, 效应分析Analysis Of Variance, 方差分析Analysis of regression, 回归分析Analysis of time series, 时间序列分析Analysis of variance, 方差分析Angular transformation, 角转换ANOVA （analysis of variance）, 方差分析ANOVA Models, 方差分析模型ANOVA table and eta, 分组计算方差分析Arcing, 弧/弧旋Arcsine transformation, 反正弦变换Area 区域图Area under the curve, 曲线面积AREG , 评估从一个时间点到下一个时间点回归相关时的误差ARIMA, 季节和非季节性单变量模型的极大似然估计Arithmetic grid paper, 算术格纸Arithmetic mean, 算术平均数Arrhenius relation, 艾恩尼斯关系Assessing fit, 拟合的评估Associative laws, 结合律Asymmetric distribution, 非对称分布Asymptotic bias, 渐近偏倚Asymptotic efficiency, 渐近效率Asymptotic variance, 渐近方差Attributable risk, 归因危险度Attribute data, 属性资料Attribution, 属性Autocorrelation, 自相关Autocorrelation of residuals, 残差的自相关Average, 平均数Average confidence interval length, 平均置信区间长度Average growth rate, 平均增长率Bar chart, 条形图Bar graph, 条形图Base period, 基期Bayes' theorem , Bayes定理Bell-shaped curve, 钟形曲线Bernoulli distribution, 伯努力分布Best-trim estimator, 最好切尾估计量Bias, 偏性Binary logistic regression, 二元逻辑斯蒂回归Binomial distribution, 二项分布Bisquare, 双平方Bivariate Correlate, 二变量相关Bivariate normal distribution, 双变量正态分布Bivariate normal population, 双变量正态总体Biweight interval, 双权区间Biweight M-estimator, 双权M估计量Block, 区组/配伍组BMDP(Biomedical computer programs), BMDP统计软件包Boxplots, 箱线图/箱尾图Breakdown bound, 崩溃界/崩溃点Canonical correlation, 典型相关Caption, 纵标目Case-control study, 病例对照研究Categorical variable, 分类变量Catenary, 悬链线Cauchy distribution, 柯西分布Cause-and-effect relationship, 因果关系Cell, 单元Censoring, 终检Center of symmetry, 对称中心Centering and scaling, 中心化和定标Central tendency, 集中趋势Central value, 中心值CHAID -χ2 Automatic Interaction Detector, 卡方自动交互检测Chance, 机遇Chance error, 随机误差Chance variable, 随机变量Characteristic equation, 特征方程Characteristic root, 特征根Characteristic vector, 特征向量Chebshev criterion of fit, 拟合的切比雪夫准则Chernoff faces, 切尔诺夫脸谱图Chi-square test, 卡方检验/χ2检验Choleskey decomposition, 乔洛斯基分解Circle chart, 圆图Class interval, 组距Class mid-value, 组中值Class upper limit, 组上限Classified variable, 分类变量Cluster analysis, 聚类分析Cluster sampling, 整群抽样Code, 代码Coded data, 编码数据Coding, 编码Coefficient of contingency, 列联系数Coefficient of determination, 决定系数Coefficient of multiple correlation, 多重相关系数Coefficient of partial correlation, 偏相关系数Coefficient of production-moment correlation, 积差相关系数Coefficient of rank correlation, 等级相关系数Coefficient of regression, 回归系数Coefficient of skewness, 偏度系数Coefficient of variation, 变异系数Cohort study, 队列研究Collinearity, 共线性Column, 列Column effect, 列效应Column factor, 列因素Combination pool, 合并Combinative table, 组合表Common factor, 共性因子Common regression coefficient, 公共回归系数Common value, 共同值Common variance, 公共方差Common variation, 公共变异Communality variance, 共性方差Comparability, 可比性Comparison of bathes, 批比较Comparison value, 比较值Compartment model, 分部模型Compassion, 伸缩Complement of an event, 补事件Complete association, 完全正相关Complete dissociation, 完全不相关Complete statistics, 完备统计量Completely randomized design, 完全随机化设计Composite event, 联合事件Composite events, 复合事件Concavity, 凹性Conditional expectation, 条件期望Conditional likelihood, 条件似然Conditional probability, 条件概率Conditionally linear, 依条件线性Confidence interval, 置信区间Confidence limit, 置信限Confidence lower limit, 置信下限Confidence upper limit, 置信上限Confirmatory Factor Analysis , 验证性因子分析Confirmatory research, 证实性实验研究Confounding factor, 混杂因素Conjoint, 联合分析Consistency, 相合性Consistency check, 一致性检验Consistent asymptotically normal estimate, 相合渐近正态估计Consistent estimate, 相合估计Constrained nonlinear regression, 受约束非线性回归Constraint, 约束Contaminated distribution, 污染分布Contaminated Gausssian, 污染高斯分布Contaminated normal distribution, 污染正态分布Contamination, 污染Contamination model, 污染模型Contingency table, 列联表Contour, 边界线Contribution rate, 贡献率Control, 对照, 质量控制图Controlled experiments, 对照实验Conventional depth, 常规深度Convolution, 卷积Corrected factor, 校正因子Corrected mean, 校正均值Correction coefficient, 校正系数Correctness, 正确性Correlation coefficient, 相关系数Correlation, 相关性Correlation index, 相关指数Correspondence, 对应Counting, 计数Counts, 计数/频数Covariance, 协方差Covariant, 共变Cox Regression, Cox回归Criteria for fitting, 拟合准则Criteria of least squares, 最小二乘准则Critical ratio, 临界比Critical region, 拒绝域Critical value, 临界值Cross-over design, 交叉设计Cross-section analysis, 横断面分析Cross-section survey, 横断面调查Crosstabs , 交叉表Crosstabs 列联表分析Cross-tabulation table, 复合表Cube root, 立方根Cumulative distribution function, 分布函数Cumulative probability, 累计概率Curvature, 曲率/弯曲Curvature, 曲率Curve Estimation, 曲线拟合Curve fit , 曲线拟和Curve fitting, 曲线拟合Curvilinear regression, 曲线回归Curvilinear relation, 曲线关系Cut-and-try method, 尝试法Cycle, 周期Cyclist, 周期性D test, D检验Data acquisition, 资料收集Data bank, 数据库Data capacity, 数据容量Data deficiencies, 数据缺乏Data handling, 数据处理Data manipulation, 数据处理Data processing, 数据处理Data reduction, 数据缩减Data set, 数据集Data sources, 数据来源Data transformation, 数据变换Data validity, 数据有效性Data-in, 数据输入Data-out, 数据输出Dead time, 停滞期Degree of freedom, 自由度Degree of precision, 精密度Degree of reliability, 可靠性程度Degression, 递减Density function, 密度函数Density of data points, 数据点的密度Dependent variable, 应变量/依变量/因变量Dependent variable, 因变量Depth, 深度Derivative matrix, 导数矩阵Derivative-free methods, 无导数方法Design, 设计Determinacy, 确定性Determinant, 行列式Determinant, 决定因素Deviation, 离差Deviation from average, 离均差Diagnostic plot, 诊断图Dichotomous variable, 二分变量Differential equation, 微分方程Direct standardization, 直接标准化法Direct Oblimin, 斜交旋转Discrete variable, 离散型变量DISCRIMINANT, 判断Discriminant analysis, 判别分析Discriminant coefficient, 判别系数Discriminant function, 判别值Dispersion, 散布/分散度Disproportional, 不成比例的Disproportionate sub-class numbers, 不成比例次级组含量Distribution free, 分布无关性/免分布Distribution shape, 分布形状Distribution-free method, 任意分布法Distributive laws, 分配律Disturbance, 随机扰动项Dose response curve, 剂量反应曲线Double blind method, 双盲法Double blind trial, 双盲试验Double exponential distribution, 双指数分布Double logarithmic, 双对数Downward rank, 降秩Dual-space plot, 对偶空间图DUD, 无导数方法Duncan's new multiple range method, 新复极差法/Duncan新法Error Bar, 均值相关区间图Effect, 实验效应Eigenvalue, 特征值Eigenvector, 特征向量Ellipse, 椭圆Empirical distribution, 经验分布Empirical probability, 经验概率单位Enumeration data, 计数资料Equal sun-class number, 相等次级组含量Equally likely, 等可能Equivariance, 同变性Error, 误差/错误Error of estimate, 估计误差Error type I, 第一类错误Error type II, 第二类错误Estimand, 被估量Estimated error mean squares,估计误差均方Estimated error sum of squares, 估计误差平方和Euclidean distance, 欧式距离Event, 事件Event, 事件Exceptional data point, 异常数据点Expectation plane, 期望平面Expectation surface, 期望曲面Expected values, 期望值Experiment, 实验Experimental sampling, 试验抽样Experimental unit, 试验单位Explained variance （已说明方差）Explanatory variable, 说明变量Exploratory data analysis, 探索性数据分析Explore Summarize, 探索-摘要Exponential curve, 指数曲线Exponential growth, 指数式增长EXSMOOTH, 指数平滑方法Extended fit, 扩充拟合Extra parameter, 附加参数Extrapolation, 外推法Extreme observation, 末端观测值Extremes, 极端值/极值F distribution, F分布F test, F检验Factor, 因素/因子Factor analysis, 因子分析Factor Analysis, 因子分析Factor score, 因子得分Factorial, 阶乘Factorial design, 析因试验设计False negative, 假阴性False negative error, 假阴性错误Family of distributions, 分布族Family of estimators, 估计量族Fanning, 扇面Fatality rate, 病死率Field investigation, 现场调查Field survey, 现场调查Finite population, 有限总体Finite-sample, 有限样本First derivative, 一阶导数First principal component, 第一主成分First quartile, 第一四分位数Fisher information, 费雪信息量Fitted value, 拟合值Fitting a curve, 曲线拟合Fixed base, 定基Fluctuation, 随机起伏Forecast, 预测Four fold table, 四格表Fourth, 四分点Fraction blow, 左侧比率Fractional error, 相对误差Frequency, 频率Frequency polygon, 频数多边图Frontier point, 界限点Function relationship, 泛函关系Gamma distribution, 伽玛分布Gauss increment, 高斯增量Gaussian distribution, 高斯分布/正态分布Gauss-Newton increment, 高斯-牛顿增量General census, 全面普查Generalized least squares, 综合最小平方法GENLOG (Generalized liner models), 广义线性模型Geometric mean, 几何平均数Gini's mean difference, 基尼均差GLM (General liner models), 通用线性模型Goodness of fit, 拟和优度/配合度Gradient of determinant, 行列式的梯度Graeco-Latin square, 希腊拉丁方Grand mean, 总均值Gross errors, 重大错误Gross-error sensitivity, 大错敏感度Group averages, 分组平均Grouped data, 分组资料Guessed mean, 假定平均数Half-life, 半衰期Hampel M-estimators, 汉佩尔M 估计量Happenstance, 偶然事件Harmonic mean, 调和均数Hazard function, 风险均数Hazard rate, 风险率Heading, 标目Heavy-tailed distribution, 重尾分布Hessian array, 海森立体阵Heterogeneity, 不同质Heterogeneity of variance, 方差不齐Hierarchical classification,组内分组Hierarchical clustering method, 系统聚类法High-leverage point, 高杠杆率点High-Low, 低区域图Higher Order Interaction Effects，高阶交互作用HILOGLINEAR, 多维列联表的层次对数线性模型Hinge, 折叶点Histogram, 直方图Historical cohort study, 历史性队列研究Holes, 空洞HOMALS, 多重响应分析Homogeneity of variance, 方差齐性Homogeneity test, 齐性检验Huber M-estimators, 休伯M估计量Hyperbola, 双曲线Hypothesis testing, 假设检验Hypothetical universe, 假设总体Image factoring,, 多元回归法Impossible event, 不可能事件Independence, 独立性Independent variable, 自变量Index, 指标/指数Indirect standardization, 间接标准化法Individual, 个体Inference band, 推断带Infinite population, 无限总体Infinitely great, 无穷大Infinitely small, 无穷小Influence curve, 影响曲线Information capacity, 信息容量Initial condition, 初始条件Initial estimate, 初始估计值Initial level, 最初水平Interaction, 交互作用Interaction terms, 交互作用项Intercept, 截距Interpolation, 内插法Interquartile range, 四分位距Interval estimation, 区间估计Intervals of equal probability, 等概率区间Intrinsic curvature, 固有曲率Invariance, 不变性Inverse matrix, 逆矩阵Inverse probability, 逆概率Inverse sine transformation,反正弦变换Iteration, 迭代Jacobian determinant, 雅可比行列式Joint distribution function,分布函数Joint probability, 联合概率Joint probability distribution, 联合概率分布K-Means Cluster逐步聚类分析K means method, 逐步聚类法Kaplan-Meier, 评估事件的时间长度Kaplan-Merier chart, Kaplan-Merier图Kendall's rank correlation, Kendall等级相关Kinetic, 动力学Kolmogorov-Smirnove test, 柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫检验Kruskal and Wallis test, Kruskal及Wallis检验/多样本的秩和检验/H检验Kurtosis, 峰度Lack of fit, 失拟Ladder of powers, 幂阶梯Lag, 滞后Large sample, 大样本Large sample test, 大样本检验Latin square, 拉丁方Latin square design, 拉丁方设计Leakage, 泄漏Least favorable configuration, 最不利构形Least favorable distribution, 最不利分布Least significant difference, 最小显着差法Least square method, 最小二乘法Least Squared Criterion，最小二乘方准则Least-absolute-residuals estimates, 最小绝对残差估计Least-absolute-residuals fit, 最小绝对残差拟合Least-absolute-residuals line, 最小绝对残差线Legend, 图例L-estimator, L估计量L-estimator of location, 位置L估计量L-estimator of scale, 尺度L估计量Level, 水平Leveage Correction，杠杆率校正Life expectance, 预期期望寿命Life table, 寿命表Life table method, 生命表法Light-tailed distribution, 轻尾分布Likelihood function, 似然函数Likelihood ratio, 似然比line graph, 线图Linear correlation, 直线相关Linear equation, 线性方程Linear programming, 线性规划Linear regression, 直线回归Linear Regression, 线性回归Linear trend, 线性趋势Loading, 载荷Location and scale equivariance, 位置尺度同变性Location equivariance, 位置同变性Location invariance, 位置不变性Location scale family, 位置尺度族Log rank test, 时序检验Logarithmic curve, 对数曲线Logarithmic normal distribution, 对数正态分布Logarithmic scale, 对数尺度Logarithmic transformation, 对数变换Logic check, 逻辑检查Logistic distribution, 逻辑斯特分布Logit transformation, Logit转换LOGLINEAR, 多维列联表通用模型Lognormal distribution, 对数正态分布Lost function, 损失函数Low correlation, 低度相关Lower limit, 下限Lowest-attained variance, 最小可达方差LSD, 最小显着差法的简称Lurking variable, 潜在变量Main effect, 主效应Major heading, 主辞标目Marginal density function, 边缘密度函数Marginal probability, 边缘概率Marginal probability distribution, 边缘概率分布Matched data, 配对资料Matched distribution, 匹配过分布Matching of distribution, 分布的匹配Matching of transformation, 变换的匹配Mathematical expectation, 数学期望Mathematical model, 数学模型Maximum L-estimator, 极大极小L 估计量Maximum likelihood method, 最大似然法Mean, 均数Mean squares between groups, 组间均方Mean squares within group, 组内均方Means (Compare means), 均值-均值比较Median, 中位数Median effective dose, 半数效量Median lethal dose, 半数致死量Median polish, 中位数平滑Median test, 中位数检验Minimal sufficient statistic, 最小充分统计量Minimum distance estimation, 最小距离估计Minimum effective dose, 最小有效量Minimum lethal dose, 最小致死量Minimum variance estimator, 最小方差估计量MINITAB, 统计软件包Minor heading, 宾词标目Missing data, 缺失值Model specification, 模型的确定Modeling Statistics , 模型统计Models for outliers, 离群值模型Modifying the model, 模型的修正Modulus of continuity, 连续性模Morbidity, 发病率Most favorable configuration, 最有利构形MSC（多元散射校正）Multidimensional Scaling (ASCAL), 多维尺度/多维标度Multinomial Logistic Regression , 多项逻辑斯蒂回归Multiple comparison, 多重比较Multiple correlation , 复相关Multiple covariance, 多元协方差Multiple linear regression, 多元线性回归Multiple response , 多重选项Multiple solutions, 多解Multiplication theorem, 乘法定理Multiresponse, 多元响应Multi-stage sampling, 多阶段抽样Multivariate T distribution, 多元T分布Mutual exclusive, 互不相容Mutual independence, 互相独立Natural boundary, 自然边界Natural dead, 自然死亡Natural zero, 自然零Negative correlation, 负相关Negative linear correlation, 负线性相关Negatively skewed, 负偏Newman-Keuls method, q检验NK method, q检验No statistical significance, 无统计意义Nominal variable, 名义变量Nonconstancy of variability, 变异的非定常性Nonlinear regression, 非线性相关Nonparametric statistics, 非参数统计Nonparametric test, 非参数检验Nonparametric tests, 非参数检验Normal deviate, 正态离差Normal distribution, 正态分布Normal equation, 正规方程组Normal P-P, 正态概率分布图Normal Q-Q, 正态概率单位分布图Normal ranges, 正常范围Normal value, 正常值Normalization 归一化Nuisance parameter, 多余参数/讨厌参数Null hypothesis, 无效假设Numerical variable, 数值变量Objective function, 目标函数Observation unit, 观察单位Observed value, 观察值One sided test, 单侧检验One-way analysis of variance, 单因素方差分析Oneway ANOVA , 单因素方差分析Open sequential trial, 开放型序贯设计Optrim, 优切尾Optrim efficiency, 优切尾效率Order statistics, 顺序统计量Ordered categories, 有序分类Ordinal logistic regression , 序数逻辑斯蒂回归Ordinal variable, 有序变量Orthogonal basis, 正交基Orthogonal design, 正交试验设计Orthogonality conditions, 正交条件ORTHOPLAN, 正交设计Outlier cutoffs, 离群值截断点Outliers, 极端值OVERALS , 多组变量的非线性正规相关Overshoot, 迭代过度Paired design, 配对设计Paired sample, 配对样本Pairwise slopes, 成对斜率Parabola, 抛物线Parallel tests, 平行试验Parameter, 参数Parametric statistics, 参数统计Parametric test, 参数检验Pareto, 直条构成线图（又称佩尔托图）Partial correlation, 偏相关Partial regression, 偏回归Partial sorting, 偏排序Partials residuals, 偏残差Pattern, 模式PCA（主成分分析）Pearson curves, 皮尔逊曲线Peeling, 退层Percent bar graph, 百分条形图Percentage, 百分比Percentile, 百分位数Percentile curves, 百分位曲线Periodicity, 周期性Permutation, 排列P-estimator, P估计量Pie graph, 构成图,饼图Pitman estimator, 皮特曼估计量Pivot, 枢轴量Planar, 平坦Planar assumption, 平面的假设PLANCARDS, 生成试验的计划卡PLS（偏最小二乘法）Point estimation, 点估计Poisson distribution, 泊松分布Polishing, 平滑Polled standard deviation, 合并标准差Polled variance, 合并方差Polygon, 多边图Polynomial, 多项式Polynomial curve, 多项式曲线Population, 总体Population attributable risk, 人群归因危险度Positive correlation, 正相关Positively skewed, 正偏Posterior distribution, 后验分布Power of a test, 检验效能Precision, 精密度Predicted value, 预测值Preliminary analysis, 预备性分析Principal axis factoring,主轴因子法Principal component analysis, 主成分分析Prior distribution, 先验分布Prior probability, 先验概率Probabilistic model, 概率模型probability, 概率Probability density, 概率密度Product moment, 乘积矩/协方差Profile trace, 截面迹图Proportion, 比/构成比Proportion allocation in stratified random sampling, 按比例分层随机抽样Proportionate, 成比例Proportionate sub-class numbers, 成比例次级组含量Prospective study, 前瞻性调查Proximities, 亲近性Pseudo F test, 近似F检验Pseudo model, 近似模型Pseudosigma, 伪标准差Purposive sampling, 有目的抽样QR decomposition, QR分解Quadratic approximation, 二次近似Qualitative classification, 属性分类Qualitative method, 定性方法Quantile-quantile plot, 分位数-分位数图/Q-Q图Quantitative analysis, 定量分析Quartile, 四分位数Quick Cluster, 快速聚类Radix sort, 基数排序Random allocation, 随机化分组Random blocks design, 随机区组设计Random event, 随机事件Randomization, 随机化Range, 极差/全距Rank correlation, 等级相关Rank sum test, 秩和检验Rank test, 秩检验Ranked data, 等级资料Rate, 比率Ratio, 比例Raw data, 原始资料Raw residual, 原始残差Rayleigh's test, 雷氏检验Rayleigh's Z, 雷氏Z值Reciprocal, 倒数Reciprocal transformation, 倒数变换Recording, 记录Redescending estimators, 回降估计量Reducing dimensions, 降维Re-expression, 重新表达Reference set, 标准组Region of acceptance, 接受域Regression coefficient, 回归系数Regression sum of square, 回归平方和Rejection point, 拒绝点Relative dispersion, 相对离散度Relative number, 相对数Reliability, 可靠性Reparametrization, 重新设置参数Replication, 重复Report Summaries, 报告摘要Residual sum of square, 剩余平方和residual variance (剩余方差) Resistance, 耐抗性Resistant line, 耐抗线Resistant technique, 耐抗技术R-estimator of location, 位置R估计量R-estimator of scale, 尺度R估计量Retrospective study, 回顾性调查Ridge trace, 岭迹Ridit analysis, Ridit分析Rotation, 旋转Rounding, 舍入Row, 行Row effects, 行效应Row factor, 行因素RXC table, RXC表Sample, 样本Sample regression coefficient, 样本回归系数Sample size, 样本量Sample standard deviation, 样本标准差Sampling error, 抽样误差SAS(Statistical analysis system ), SAS统计软件包Scale, 尺度/量表Scatter diagram, 散点图Schematic plot, 示意图/简图Score test, 计分检验Screening, 筛检SEASON, 季节分析Second derivative, 二阶导数Second principal component, 第二主成分SEM (Structural equation modeling), 结构化方程模型Semi-logarithmic graph, 半对数图Semi-logarithmic paper, 半对数格纸Sensitivity curve, 敏感度曲线Sequential analysis, 贯序分析Sequence, 普通序列图Sequential data set, 顺序数据集Sequential design, 贯序设计Sequential method, 贯序法Sequential test, 贯序检验法Serial tests, 系列试验Short-cut method, 简捷法Sigmoid curve, S形曲线Sign function, 正负号函数Sign test, 符号检验Signed rank, 符号秩Significant Level, 显着水平Significance test, 显着性检验Significant figure, 有效数字Simple cluster sampling, 简单整群抽样Simple correlation, 简单相关Simple random sampling, 简单随机抽样Simple regression, 简单回归simple table, 简单表Sine estimator, 正弦估计量Single-valued estimate, 单值估计Singular matrix, 奇异矩阵Skewed distribution, 偏斜分布Skewness, 偏度Slash distribution, 斜线分布Slope, 斜率Smirnov test, 斯米尔诺夫检验Source of variation, 变异来源Spearman rank correlation, 斯皮尔曼等级相关Specific factor, 特殊因子Specific factor variance, 特殊因子方差Spectra , 频谱Spherical distribution, 球型正态分布Spread, 展布SPSS(Statistical package for the social science), SPSS统计软件包Spurious correlation, 假性相关Square root transformation, 平方根变换Stabilizing variance, 稳定方差Standard deviation, 标准差Standard error, 标准误Standard error of difference, 差别的标准误Standard error of estimate, 标准估计误差Standard error of rate, 率的标准误Standard normal distribution, 标准正态分布Standardization, 标准化Starting value, 起始值Statistic, 统计量Statistical control, 统计控制Statistical graph, 统计图Statistical inference, 统计推断Statistical table, 统计表Steepest descent, 最速下降法Stem and leaf display, 茎叶图Step factor, 步长因子Stepwise regression, 逐步回归Storage, 存Strata, 层（复数）Stratified sampling, 分层抽样Stratified sampling, 分层抽样Strength, 强度Stringency, 严密性Structural relationship, 结构关系Studentized residual, 学生化残差/t化残差Sub-class numbers, 次级组含量Subdividing, 分割Sufficient statistic, 充分统计量Sum of products, 积和Sum of squares, 离差平方和Sum of squares about regression, 回归平方和Sum of squares between groups, 组间平方和Sum of squares of partial regression, 偏回归平方和Sure event, 必然事件Survey, 调查Survival, 生存分析Survival rate, 生存率Suspended root gram, 悬吊根图Symmetry, 对称Systematic error, 系统误差Systematic sampling, 系统抽样Tags, 标签Tail area, 尾部面积Tail length, 尾长Tail weight, 尾重Tangent line, 切线Target distribution, 目标分布Taylor series, 泰勒级数Test(检验)Test of linearity, 线性检验Tendency of dispersion, 离散趋势Testing of hypotheses, 假设检验Theoretical frequency, 理论频数Time series, 时间序列Tolerance interval, 容忍区间Tolerance lower limit, 容忍下限Tolerance upper limit, 容忍上限Torsion, 扰率Total sum of square, 总平方和Total variation, 总变异Transformation, 转换Treatment, 处理Trend, 趋势Trend of percentage, 百分比趋势Trial, 试验Trial and error method, 试错法Tuning constant, 细调常数Two sided test, 双向检验Two-stage least squares, 二阶最小平方Two-stage sampling, 二阶段抽样Two-tailed test, 双侧检验Two-way analysis of variance, 双因素方差分析Two-way table, 双向表Type I error, 一类错误/α错误Type II error, 二类错误/β错误UMVU, 方差一致最小无偏估计简称Unbiased estimate, 无偏估计Unconstrained nonlinear regression , 无约束非线性回归Unequal subclass number, 不等次级组含量Ungrouped data, 不分组资料Uniform coordinate, 均匀坐标Uniform distribution, 均匀分布Uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimate, 方差一致最小无偏估计Unit, 单元Unordered categories, 无序分类Unweighted least squares, 未加权最小平方法Upper limit, 上限Upward rank, 升秩Vague concept, 模糊概念Validity, 有效性VARCOMP (Variance component estimation), 方差元素估计Variability, 变异性Variable, 变量Variance, 方差Variation, 变异Varimax orthogonal rotation, 方差最大正交旋转Volume of distribution, 容积W test, W检验Weibull distribution, 威布尔分布Weight, 权数Weighted Chi-square test, 加权卡方检验/Cochran检验Weighted linear regression method, 加权直线回归Weighted mean, 加权平均数Weighted mean square, 加权平均方差Weighted sum of square, 加权平方和Weighting coefficient, 权重系数Weighting method, 加权法W-estimation, W估计量W-estimation of location, 位置W估计量Width, 宽度Wilcoxon paired test, 威斯康星配对法/配对符号秩和检验Wild point, 野点/狂点Wild value, 野值/狂值Winsorized mean, 缩尾均值Withdraw, 失访Youden's index, 尤登指数Z test, Z检验Zero correlation, 零相关Z-transformation, Z变换Z-transformation, Z变换。
计量经济学中英文词汇对照
Common variance Common variation Communality variance Comparability Comparison of bathes Comparison value Compartment model Compassion Complement of an event Complete association Complete dissociation Complete statistics Completely randomized design Composite event Composite events Concavity Conditional expectation Conditional likelihood Conditional probability Conditionally linear Confidence interval Confidence limit Confidence lower limit Confidence upper limit Confirmatory Factor Analysis Confirmatory research Confounding factor Conjoint Consistency Consistency check Consistent asymptotically normal estimate Consistent estimate Constrained nonlinear regression Constraint Contaminated distribution Contaminated Gausssian Contaminated normal distribution Contamination Contamination model Contingency table Contour Contribution rate Control
叶轮机械非定常流动及气动弹性计算
中图分类号：V211.3 论文编号：1028701 18-B061 学科分类号：080103博士学位论文叶轮机械非定常流动及气动弹性计算研究生姓名周迪学科、专业流体力学研究方向气动弹性力学指导教师陆志良教授南京航空航天大学研究生院航空宇航学院二О一八年十月Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsThe Graduate SchoolCollege of Aerospace EngineeringNumerical investigations of unsteady aerodynamics and aeroelasticity ofturbomachinesA Thesis inFluid MechanicsbyZhou DiAdvised byProf. Lu ZhiliangSubmitted in Partial Fulfillmentof the Requirementsfor the Degree ofDoctor of PhilosophyOctober, 2018南京航空航天大学博士学位论文摘要气动弹性问题是影响叶轮机械特别是航空发动机性能和安全的一个重要因素。
作为一个交叉学科，叶轮机械气动弹性力学涉及与叶片变形和振动相关联的定常/非定常流动特性、颤振机理以及各种气弹现象的数学模型等的研究。
本文基于计算流体力学(CFD)技术自主建立了一个适用于叶轮机械定常/非定常流动、静气动弹性和颤振问题的综合计算分析平台，并针对多种气动弹性问题进行了数值模拟研究。
主要研究内容和学术贡献如下：由于叶轮机械气动弹性与内流空气动力特性密切相关，真实模拟其内部流场是研究的重点之一。
基于数值求解旋转坐标系下的雷诺平均N–S(RANS)方程，首先构造了适合于旋转机械流动的CFD模拟方法。
特别的，针对叶片振动引起的非定常流动问题，采用动网格方法进行模拟，通过一种高效的RBF–TFI方法实现网格动态变形；针对动静叶排干扰引起的非定常流动问题，采用一种叶片约化模拟方法，通过一种基于通量形式的交界面参数传递方法实现转静子通道之间流场信息的交换。
投稿英文期刊中国人常犯的错误
【投稿英文期刊】中国人常犯的错误【编者按】如今要取得博士学位必需要有SCI文章，许多人因此纷纷投稿英文期刊。
许多人在投稿英文期刊时会遇到这样或那样的问题，生物通将就这个问题为大家提供系列的文章。
首先介绍的是一位审阅过200余篇稿、以英语为母语的审稿人写的中国人常范的错误，相信这些错误具有一定代表性，希望能够帮助各位正在为paper奋斗的莘莘学子们。
如果你是以英语为母语，那么下面所讲的问题可能不会成为问题。
但是，对于学中文出身的人有一个非常麻烦的语法问题，那就是冠词（article）。
这之所以会成为一个问题也是非常容易理解的，因为中文里面根本没有与之相对应的部分，同理，外国人也对量词感到费解。
学英语最初接触的就是"a, an, the"，但是，学到最后发现被难住的也是这三个简单的词。
单数前的"a, an, the"是最容易被忽略的。
冠词意味着后面将出现一个名词，在冠词余名词之间的修饰词语都是针对这个名词的（如：a big blue bicycle/the first award），a和an是不定冠词，the是定冠词。
下面将举几个错误的例子： Incorrect Figure 2 shows the distribution of relative velocity on surface of main and splitter blades.Correct Figure 2 shows the distribution of relative velocity on the surface of the main and splitter blades.Incorrect The software PowerSHAPE is chosen to be a 3D modeling tool; it isgood at dealing with free surfaces and curves.Correct The software PowerSHAPE is chosen to be the 3D modeling tool; it isgood at dealing with free surfaces and curves.因为在文章中仅提到一次“3D modeling tool”，因此3D modeling tool是特指且唯一的，需要用定冠词the。
岩土工程专业英语
一. 综合类1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质 compression index2.cu undrained shear strength3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0(cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.Ip plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ28.K0’domain for effective stressesσ1 ‘ andσ2’9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18.qu unconfined compressive strength19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value ofa specimen20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2 principal stresses, σ1 ‘ andσ2’ denote effective principal stresses23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度27.saturated unit weight饱和重度28.effective unit weight有效重度29.density密度pactness密实度31.maximum dry density最大干密度32.optimum water content最优含水量33.three phase diagram三相图34.tri-phase soil三相土35.soil fraction粒组36.sieve analysis筛分37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39.coefficient of gradation级配系数40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short岩土专业英语1vane shear test|十字板剪切试验a semi-infinite elastic solid|半无限弹性体AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials|美国州公路官员协会active earth pressure|主动土压力additional stress|附加应力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil|地基容许承载力alluvial expansive soil|冲积膨胀土anchored plate retaining wall|锚定板挡土墙anchored sheet pile wall|锚定板板桩墙angle of internal friction|内摩擦角angle of repose|休止角anisotropy|各向异性ANSYS Booleans|布尔运算ANSYS Booleans Intersect|布尔交运算ANSYS Booleans Overlap|布尔搭接运算ANSYS Booleans Partition|布尔分割运算ANSYS Cartesian|笛卡儿坐标ANSYS Cylindrical|柱坐标ANSYS Eigen Buckling|特征值屈伸分析ANSYS Global Cartesian|笛卡儿坐标系ANSYS Global Cylindrical|柱坐标系ANSYS Global Spherical|球坐标系ANSYS Grid|网格ANSYS Harmonic|谐振分析ANSYS Model|模态分析ANSYS Normal|法向向量ANSYS Polar|极坐标ANSYS Spectrum|谱分析ANSYS Spherical|球坐标ANSYS Static|静态分析ANSYS Substructuring|子结构分析ANSYS Tolerance|允许偏差ANSYS Transient|瞬态分析ANSYS Trial|坐标轴ANSYS Working Plane Origin|工作平面原点anti-slide pile|抗滑桩arrangement of piles|桩的布置artificial foundation|人工地基ASCE=American Society of Civil Engin eer|美国土木工程师学会associated flow|关联流动Atterberg limits|阿太堡界限Barraon’s consolidation theory|巴隆固结理论bearing capacity|承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil|地基承载力bearing capacity of single pile|单桩承载力bearing stratum|持力层belled pier foundation|钻孔墩基础bench slope|台阶式坡形Biot’s consolidation theory|比奥固结理论Bishop method|毕肖普法bore hole columnar section|钻孔柱状图bored pile|钻孔桩bottom heave|（基坑）底隆起boulder|漂石boundary surface model|边界面模型box foundation|箱型基础braced cuts|支撑围护braced excavation|支撑开挖braced sheeting|支撑挡板bracing of foundation pit|基坑围护bulk constitutive equation|体积本构模型caisson foundation|沉井（箱）Cambridge model|剑桥模型cantilever retaining wall|悬臂式挡土墙cantilever sheet pile wall|悬臂式板桩墙cap model|盖帽模型casing|套管cast in place|灌注桩cement column|水泥桩cement mixing method|水泥土搅拌桩centrifugal model test|离心模型试验chemical stabilization|化学加固法clay|粘土clay fraction|粘粒粒组clay minerals粘土|矿物clayey silt|粘质粉土clayey soil|粘性土coarse sand|粗砂cobble|卵石coefficent of compressibility|压缩系数coefficient of consolidation|固结系数coefficient of gradation|级配系数coefficient of permeability|渗透系数coefficient of variation|变异系数cohesion|粘聚力collapsible loess treatment|湿陷性黄土地基处理compacted expansive soil|击实膨胀土compaction test|击实试验compactness|密实度compensated foundation|补偿性基础complex texture|复合式结构composite foundation|复合地基compressibility|压缩性compressibility modulus|压缩摸量compression index|压缩指数concentrated load|集中荷载consolidated drained direct shear test|慢剪试验consolidated drained triaxial test|固结排水试验(CD)consolidated quick direct shear test|固结快剪试验consolidated undrained triaxial test|固结不排水试验(CU)consolidation| 固结consolidation curve|固结曲线consolidation test|固结试验consolidation under K0 condition| K0固结constant head permeability|常水头渗透试验constitutive equation|本构关系constitutive model|本构模型Coulomb’s earth pressure theory|库仑土压力理论counter retaining wall|扶壁式挡土墙country rock|围岩critical edge pressure|临塑荷载cross-hole test| 跨孔试验cushion|垫层cyclic loading|周期荷载cycling load|反复荷载damping ratio|阻尼比Darcy’s law| 达西定律dead load sustained load|恒载持续荷载deep foundation|深基础deep settlement measurement|深层沉降观测deep well point|深井点deformation|变形deformation modulus|变形摸量deformation monitoring|变形监测degree of consolidation|固结度degree of saturation|饱和度density|密度dewatering|（基坑）降水dewatering method|降低地下水固结法diaphragm wall|地下连续墙截水墙dilatation|剪胀dimensionless frequency|无量纲频率direct shear|直剪direct shear apparatus|直剪仪direct shear test|直剪试验direct simple shear test|直接单剪试验direction arrangement|定向排列discount coefficient|折减系数diving casting cast-in-place pile|沉管灌注桩domain effect theory|叠片体作用理论drilled-pier foundation|钻孔扩底墩dry unit weight|干重度dry weight density|干重度Duncan-Chang model|邓肯－张模型duration of earthquake|地震持续时间dyke堤|（防）dynamic compaction|强夯法dynamic compaction replacement|强夯置换法dynamic load test of pile|桩动荷载试验dynamic magnification factor|动力放大因素dynamic penetration test|(DPT)动力触探试验dynamic pile testing|桩基动测技术dynamic properties of soils| 土的动力性质dynamic settlement|振陷（动沉降）dynamic shear modulus of soils|动剪切模量dynamic strength|动力强度dynamic strength of soils|动强度dynamic subgrade reaction method|动基床反力法dynamic triaxial test|三轴试验earth pressure|土压力earth pressure at rest|静止土压力earthquake engineering|地震工程earthquake intensity|地震烈度earthquake magnitude|震级earthquake response spectrum|地震反应谱effective stress|有效应力effective stress approach of shear strengt h|剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress failure envelop|有效应力破坏包线effective stress strength parameter|有效应力强度参数effective unit weight|有效重度efficiency factor of pile groups|群桩效率系数（η）efficiency of pile groups|群桩效应elastic half-space foundation model|弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space theory of foundation vi bration|基础振动弹性半空间理论elastic model|弹性模型elastic modulus|弹性模量elastoplastic model|弹塑性模型embedded depth of foundation|基础埋置深度end-bearing pile|端承桩engineering geologic investigation|工程地质勘察equivalent lumped parameter method|等效集总参数法equivalent node load|等小结点荷载evaluation of liquefaction|液化势评价ewatering method|降低地下水位法excavation|开挖（挖方）excess pore water pressure|超孔压力expansive ground treatment|膨胀土地基处理expansive soil|膨胀土failure criterion|破坏准则failure of foundation|基坑失稳falling head permeability|变水头试验fatigue test|疲劳试验Fellenius method of slices|费纽伦斯条分法field permeability test|现场渗透试验field vane shear strength|十字板抗剪强度filling condition|填筑条件final set|最后贯入度final settlement|最终沉降fine sand|细砂finite element method|有限员法flexible foundation|柔性基础floor heave|底膨flow net|流网flowing soil|流土foundation design|基础设计foundation engineering|基础工程foundation vibration|基础振动foundation wall|基础墙fractal structure|分形结构free swell|自由膨胀率freezing and heating|冷热处理法free（resonance）vibration column test|自(共)振柱试验friction pile|摩擦桩frozen heave|冻胀frozen soil|冻土general shear failure|整体剪切破化geofabric|土工织物geologic mode|地质结构模式geometric damping|几何阻尼geostatic stress|自重应力geotechnical engineering|岩土工程geotechnical model test|土工模型试验gravel|砂石gravelly sand|砾砂gravity retaining wall|重力式挡土墙ground treatment|地基处理ground treatment in mountain area|山区地基处理groundwater|地下水groundwater level|地下水位groundwater table|地下水位group action|群桩作用high pressure consolidation test|高压固结试验high-rise pile cap|高桩承台homogeneous|均质hydraulic gradient|水力梯度hydrometer analysis|比重计分析hyperbolic model|双曲线模型hysteresis failure|滞后破坏ideal elastoplastic model|理想弹塑性模型in situ test|原位测试in-situ pore water pressure measurement|原位孔隙水压量测in-situ soil test|原位试验initial liquefaction|初始液化initial pressure|初始压力initial stress field|初始应力场isotropic|各向同性ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineerin g| 国际土力学与岩土工程学会jet grouting|高压喷射注浆法Kaolinite|高岭石laminar texture|层流结构landslide precasting|滑坡预报landslides|滑坡lateral load test of pile|单桩横向载荷试验lateral pile load test|单桩横向载荷试验lateral pressure coefficient|侧压力系数layered filling|分层填筑leakage|渗流light sounding|轻便触探试验lime soil pile|灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column|灰土挤密桩lime-soil compaction pile| 灰土挤密桩limit equilibrium method|极限平衡法limiting pressure|极限压力lining|衬砌liquefaction strength|抗液化强度live load|活载local shear failure|局部剪切破坏long term strength|长期强度long-term strength|长期强度long-term transient load|长期荷载low activity|低活性low pile cap|低桩承台material damping|材料阻尼mathematical method|数学模型maximum acceleration of earthquake|地震最大加速度maximum dry density|最大干密度medium sand|中砂modulus of compressibility|压缩模量Mohr-Coulomb failure condition|摩尔-库仑破坏条件Mohr-Coulomb theory|莫尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion|莫尔－库仑屈服准则moist unit weight|湿重度multi-dimensional consolidation|多维固结NATM|新奥法natural frequency of foundation|基础自振频率natural period of soil site|地基固有周期net foundation pressure|基底附加应力nonlinear analysis|非线性分析nonlinear elastic model|非线性弹性模型normal distribution| 正态分布normal stresses|正应力normally consolidated soil|正常固结土numerical geotechanics|数值岩土力学one-dimensional consolidation|一维固结optimum water content|最优含水率over consolidation ration| (OCR)超固结比overconsolidated soil|超固结土overconsolidation|超固结性overconsolidation soil|超固结土passive earth pressure|被动土压力peak strength|峰值强度peat|泥炭permeability|渗透性physical properties|物理性质pile caps|承台（桩帽）pile cushion|桩垫pile foundation|桩基础pile groups|群桩pile headt|桩头pile integrity test|桩的完整性试验pile noise|打桩噪音pile pulling test|拔桩试验pile rig|打桩机pile shoe|桩靴pile spacing|桩距pile tip|桩端（头）piles set into rock|嵌岩灌注桩pillow|褥垫piping|管涌plastic drain|塑料排水带plate loading test|载荷试验Poisson ratio|泊松比poorly-graded soil|级配不良土pore pressure|孔隙压力pore water pressure|孔隙水压力pore-pressure distribution|孔压分布precast concrete pile|预制混凝土桩preconsolidated pressure|先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure|先期固结压力preloading|预压法pressuremeter test|旁压试验prestressed concrete pile|预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile|预应力混凝土管桩primary consolidation|主固结primary structural surface|原生结构面principal plane|主平面principal stress|主应力principle of effective stress|有效应力原理probabilistic method|概率法probability of failure|破坏概率progressive failure|渐进破坏punching shear failure|冲剪破坏quick direct shear test|快剪试验rammed bulb pile|夯扩桩rammed-cement-soil pile|夯实水泥土桩法random arrangement|随机排列Rankine’s earth pressure theory|朗金土压力理论rebound index|回弹指数recompaction|再压缩reduced load|折算荷载reinforced concrete sheet pile|钢筋混凝土板桩reinforcement method|加筋法reloading|再加载replacement ratio|（复合地基）置换率residual diluvial expansive soil|残坡积膨胀土residual soil|残积土residual strength|残余强度resistance to side friction|侧壁摩擦阻力retaining wall|挡土墙rigid foundation|刚性基础rigid plastic model|刚塑性模型rolling compaction|碾压root pile|树根桩safety factor|安全系数safety factor of slope|边坡稳定安全系数sand boiling|砂沸sand drain|砂井sand wick|袋装砂井sand-gravel pile|砂石桩sandy silt|砂质粉土saturated soil|饱和土saturated unit weight|饱和重度saturation degree|饱和度screw plate test|螺旋板载荷试验secondary consolidation|次固结secondary minerals|次生矿物secondary structural surface|次生结构面seepage|渗透（流）seepage force|渗透力seepage pressure|渗透压力seismic predominant period|地震卓越周期sensitivity|灵敏度settlement|沉降shaft|竖井身shallow foundation|浅基础shear modulus|剪切摸量shear strain rate|剪切应变速率shear strength|抗剪强度shear strength of interlayered weak surfa ce|层间软弱面强度shear strength of repeated swelling shrin kage|反复胀缩强度shear stresses|剪应力sheet pile structure|板桩结构物shield tunnelling method|盾构法shinkrage coefficient|收缩系数shinkrage limit|缩限short –term transient load|短期瞬时荷载sieve analysis|筛分silent piling|静力压桩silt|粉土silty clay|粉质粘土silty sand|粉土size effect|尺寸效应slaking characteristic|崩解性slices method|条分法slip line|滑动线slope protection|护坡slope stability analysis|土坡稳定分析soft clay|软粘土soft clay ground|软土地基soft soil|软土soil dynamics|土动力学soil fraction|粒组soil mass|土体soil mechanics|土力学special-shaped cast-in-place pile|机控异型灌注桩specific surface|比表面积spread footing|扩展基础square spread footing|方形独立基础sshaft resistance|桩侧阻stability analysis|稳定性分析stability of foundation soil|地基稳定性stability of retaining wall|挡土墙稳定性state of limit equilibrium|极限平衡状态static cone penetration|(SPT) 静力触探试验static load test of pile|单桩竖向静荷载试验steel pile|钢桩steel piles|钢桩steel pipe pile|钢管桩steel sheet pile|钢板桩stress path|应力路径stress wave in soils|土中应力波striation|擦痕strip footing|条基strip foundation|条形基础structural characteristic|结构特征structure-foundation-soil interaction anal ysis|上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析subgrade|路基surcharge preloading|超载预压法surface compaction|表层压实法Swedish circle method|瑞典圆弧滑动法swelling index|回弹指数system of engineering structure|工程结构系统technical code for ground treatment of b uilding|建筑地基处理技术规范tectonic structural surface|构造结构面Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory|太沙基固结理论thermal differential analysis|差热分析three phase diagram|三相图timber piles|木桩time effcet|时间效应time effect|时间效应time factor Tv|时间因子tip resistance|桩端阻total stress|总应力total stress approach of shear strength|抗剪强度总应力法tri-phase soil|三相土triaxial test|三轴试验ultimate bearing capacity of foundation s oil|地基极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile|单桩横向极限承载力unconfined compression|无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength|无侧限抗压强度unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test|不固结不排水试验(UU) underconsolidated soil|欠固结土undrained shear strength|不排水抗剪强度Unified soil classification system|土的统一分类系统uniformity coefficient|不均匀系数unloading|卸载unsaturated soil|非饱和土uplift pile|抗拔桩vacuum preloading|真空预压法vacuum well point|真空井点vane strength|十字板抗剪强度vertical allowable load capacity|单桩竖向容许承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of singl e pile|单桩抗拔极限承载力vibration isolation|隔振vibroflotation method|振冲法viscoelastic foundation|粘弹性地基viscoelastic model|粘弹性模型viscous damping|粘滞阻尼water affinity|亲水性wave equation analysi|s波动方程分析wave velocity method|波速法well point system|井点系统（轻型）well-graded soil|级配良好土Winkler foundation model|文克尔地基模型wooden sheet pile|木板桩work hardening|加工硬化work softening|加工软化yield function|屈服函数yield surface|屈服面zonal soil|区域性土岩土工程专业英语词汇岩土工程专业外语（硕士）一. 综合类1. geotechnical engineering岩土工程2. foundation engineering基础工程3. soil, earth土4. soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5. soil dynamics土动力学6. stress path应力路径7. numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1. residual soil残积土groundwater level 地下水位2. groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3. clay minerals粘土矿物4. secondary minerals次生矿物5. landslides滑坡6. bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7. engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8. boulder漂石9. cobble卵石10. gravel砂石11. gravelly sand砾砂12. coarse sand粗砂13. medium sand中砂14. fine sand细砂15. silty sand粉砂16. clayey soil粘性土17. clay粘土18. silty clay粉质粘土19. silt粉土20. sandy silt砂质粉土21. clayey silt粘质粉土22. saturated soil饱和土23. unsaturated soil非饱和土24. fill (soil)填土25. overconsolidated soil超固结土26. normally consolidated soil正常固结土27. underconsolidated soil欠固结土28. zonal soil区域性土29. soft clay软粘土30. expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31. peat泥炭32. loess黄土33. frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质1. cc compression index2. cu undrained shear strength3. cu/p0′ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0′(cu/p0)NC, (cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4. cvane cohesive strength from vane test5. e0 natural void ratio6. Ip plasticity index7. K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ28. K0’ domain for effective stressesσ1‘ andσ2’9. K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10. K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition11. K0d K0 coefficient under cyclicloading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12. kh, kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13. N blow count, standard penetration test14. OCR over-consolidation ratio15. pc preconsolidation pressure, from oedemeter test16. p0′ effective overburden pressure17. p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18. qu unconfined compressive strength19. U, Um degree of consolidation, subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20. u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21. w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22. σ1,σ2 principal stresses,σ1′andσ2′denote effective principal stresses23. Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24. degree of saturation饱和度25. dry unit weight干重度26. moist unit weight湿重度27. saturated unit weight饱和重度28. effective unit weight有效重度29. density密度30. compactness密实度31. maximum dry density最大干密度32. optimum water content最优含水量33. three phase diagram三相图34. tri-phase soil三相土35. soil fraction粒组36. sieve analysis筛分37. hydrometer analysis比重计分析38. uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39. coefficient of gradation级配系数40. fine-grained soil (silty and clayey) 细粒土41. coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy) 粗粒土42. Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43. ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer 美国土木工程师学会44. AASHO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会45. ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1. Darcy’s law达西定律2. piping管涌3. flowing soil流土4. sand boiling砂沸5. flow net流网6. seepage渗透（流）7. leakage渗流8. seepage pressure渗透压力9. permeability渗透性10. seepage force渗透力11. hydraulic gradient水力梯度12. coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1. soft soil软土2. (negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3. effective stress有效应力4. total stress总应力5. field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6. low activity低活性7. sensitivity灵敏度8. triaxial test三轴试验9. foundation design基础设计10. recompaction再压缩11. bearing capacity承载力12. soil mass土体13. contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14. concentrated load集中荷载15. a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16. homogeneous均质17. isotropic各向同性18. strip footing条基19. square spread footing方形独立基础20. underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21. dead load =sustained load恒载(持续荷载)22. live load活载23. short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24. long-term transient load长期荷载25. reduced load折算荷载26. settlement沉降27. deformation变形28. casing套管29. dike=dyke堤（防）30. clay fraction粘粒粒组31. physical properties物理性质32. subgrade路基33. well-graded soil级配良好土34. poorly-graded soil级配不良土35. normal stresses正应力36. shear stresses剪应力37. principal plane主平面38. major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39. Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40. FEM=finite element method有限元法41. limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42. pore water pressure孔隙水压力43. preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44. modulus of compressibility压缩模量45. coefficent of compressibility压缩系数46. compression index压缩指数47. swelling index回弹指数48. geostatic stress自重应力49. additional stress附加应力50. total stress总应力51. final settlement最终沉降52. slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation开挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation1. pile foundation桩基础1) cast –in-place灌注桩diving casing cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2) belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3) precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4) steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5) prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2. caisson foundation沉井（箱）3. diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4. friction pile摩擦桩5. end-bearing pile端承桩6. shaft竖井；桩身7. wave equation analysis波动方程分析8. pile caps承台（桩帽）9. bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力10. lateral load test of pile单桩横向载荷试验11. ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12. static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13. vertical allowable load capacity of single pile单桩竖向容许承载力14. low pile cap低桩承台15. high-rise pile cap高桩承台16. vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17. silent piling静力压桩18. uplift pile抗拔桩19. anti-slide pile抗滑桩20. pile groups群桩21. efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22. efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23. dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24. final set最后贯入度25. dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26. pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27. pile head=butt桩头28. pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29. pile spacing桩距30. pile plan桩位布置图31. arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32. group action群桩作用33. end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34. skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35. pile cushion桩垫36. pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37. pile pulling test拔桩试验38. pile shoe桩靴39. pile noise打桩噪音40. pile rig打桩机八. 地基处理--ground treatment1. technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2. cushion垫层法3. preloading预压法4. dynamic compaction强夯法5. dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6. vibroflotation method振冲法7. sand-gravel pile砂石桩8. gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩9. cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10. cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩11. cement column水泥桩12. lime pile (lime column)石灰桩13. jet grouting高压喷射注浆法14. rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法15. lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩16. chemical stabilization化学加固法17. surface compaction表层压实法18. surcharge preloading超载预压法19. vacuum preloading真空预压法20. sand wick袋装砂井21. geofabric ,geotextile土工织物22. composite foundation复合地基23. reinforcement method加筋法24. dewatering method降低地下水固结法25. freezing and heating冷热处理法26. expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理27. ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理28. collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29. artificial foundation人工地基30. natural foundation天然地基31. pillow褥垫32. soft clay ground软土地基33. sand drain砂井34. root pile树根桩35. plastic drain塑料排水带36. replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率九. 固结consolidation1. Terzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2. Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3. Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4. over consolidation ratio (OCR)超固结比5. overconsolidated soil超固结土6. excess pore water pressure超孔压力7. multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8. one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9. primary consolidation主固结10. secondary consolidation次固结11. degree of consolidation固结度12. consolidation test固结试验13. consolidation curve固结曲线14. time factor Tv时间因子15. coefficient of consolidation固结系数16. preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17. principle of effective stress有效应力原理18. consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength1. undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2. residual strength残余强度3. long-term strength长期强度4. peak strength峰值强度5. shear strain rate剪切应变速率6. dilatation剪胀7. effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8. total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9. Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10. angle of internal friction内摩擦角11. cohesion粘聚力12. failure criterion破坏准则13. vane strength十字板抗剪强度14. unconfined compression strength无侧限抗压强度15. effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16. effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1. elastic model弹性模型2. nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3. elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4. viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5. boundary surface model边界面模型6. Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7. rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8. cap model盖帽模型9. work softening加工软化10. work hardening加工硬化11. Cambridge model剑桥模型12. ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13. Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14. yield surface屈服面15. elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16. elastic modulus弹性模量17. Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1. punching shear failure冲剪破坏2. general shear failure整体剪切破化3. local shear failure局部剪切破坏4. state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5. critical edge pressure临塑荷载6. stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7. ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基极限承载力8. allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1. active earth pressure主动土压力2. passive earth pressure被动土压力3. earth pressure at rest静止土压力4. Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论。
20882600_水下航行器动力装置动力学特性研究_
2019年12月水下无人系统学报第27卷urnal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2011, 30(S2): 4123-4128.[10]Holsapple K A, Schmidt R M. On the Scaling of CraterDimensions 1. Explosive Processes[J]. Journal of Geo- physical Research Atmospheres, 1980, 85(B12): 7247- 7256.[11]Hu J, Chen Z Y, Wang Q S, et al. Underwater Explosion inCentrifuge PartⅠ: Validation and Calibration of Scaling Law[J]. Science China Technological Sciences, 2017, 60(11): 1638-1657.[12]Long Y, Zhou H Y, Liang X Q, et al. Underwater Explo-sion in Centrifuge Part II: Dynamic Responses of Defen-sive Steel Plate[J]. Science China Technological Sciences, 2017, 60(12): 1941-1957.[13]Wu J Y, Long Y, Zhong M S, et al. Centrifuge Experimentand Numerical Study on the Dynamic Response of Air- backed Plate to Underwater Explosion[J]. Journal of Vi-broengineering, 2017, 19(7): 5231-5247.[14]Song G, Chen Z Y, Long Y, et al. Experiment and Numer-ical Investigation of the Centrifugal Model for Underwa-ter Explosion Shock Wave and Bubble Pulsation[J], OceanEngineering, 2017, 142(15): 523-531.[15]娄浩然, 胡晶, 梁向前, 等. 超重力场下球形炸药水下爆炸试验及数值模拟[J]. 工程爆破, 2017, 23(3): 15- 21.Lou Hao-ran, Hu Jing, Liang Xiang-qian, et al. Underwa-ter Explosion Experiment and Numerical Simulation of Spherical Explosives Under Hypergravity Field[J]. Engi-neering Blasting, 2017, 23(3): 15-21.[16]王树乐, 陈高杰, 沈晓乐, 等. 基于并行计算的某战斗部中近场毁伤能力仿真研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2015, 36(S1): 298-302.Wang Shu-le, Chen Gao-jie, Shen Xiao-le, et al. A Num- erical Study of Warhead Damage Based on Parallel Com-puting in Near-field[J]. Acta Armamentarh, 2015, 36(S1): 298-302.[17]徐豫新, 王树山, 李园. 水下爆炸数值仿真研究[J]. 弹箭与制导学报, 2009, 29(6): 95-97, 102.Xu Yu-xin, Wang Shu-shan, Li Yuan. Study on Numerical Simulation of The Underwater explosion[J]. Journal of Projectiles, Rockets, Missiles and Guidance, 2009, 29(6):95-97, 102.[18]张效慈. 水下爆炸试验相似准则[J]. 船舶力学, 2007,11(1): 108-118.Zhang Xiao-ci. Similarity Criteria for Experiment of Un-derwater Explosion[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2007,11(1): 108-118.[19]Century Dynamic Inc. AUTODYN Theory Manual Ver-sion 4.3[M]. USA: Century Dynamic Inc, 2005.[20]韩早, 王伯良. 混合炸药爆速的新方法[J]. 爆炸与冲击,2014, 34(4): 421-426.Han Zao, Wang Bo-liang. A New Method for PredictingDetonation Velocity of Composite Explosive[J]. Explo-sion and Shock Waves, 2014, 34(4): 421-426.[21]Johansson C H, Persson P A. Density and Pressure in theChapman-Jouguet Plane as Functions of Initial Density ofExplosives[J]. Nature, 1996, 212(5067): 1230-1231. [22]Urtiew P A, Hayes B. Parametric Study of the DynamicJWL-EOS for Detonation Products[J]. Combustion, Expl-osion, and Shock Waves. 1991, 27(4): 505-514.[23]Urtiew P A, Hayes B. Parametric Study of the DynamicJWL EOS for Detonation Products[J]. Combustion Explo-sion and Shock Waves, 1991, 27(4): 504-514．[24]孙承纬, 卫玉章, 周之奎. 应用爆轰物理[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2000.[25]Urtiew P A, Hayes B. Empirical Estimate of DetonationParameters in Condensed Explosives[J]. Journal of Energetic Materials, 1991, 9(4): 297-318.[26]Gel'fand B E, Takayama K. Similarity Criteria for Un-derwater Explosions[J]. Combustion Explosion & ShockWaves, 2004, 40(2): 214-218.[27]杨坤, 陈朗, 伍俊英, 等. 计算网格与人工粘性系数对炸药水中爆炸数值模拟计算的影响分析[J]. 兵工学报,2014, 35(S2): 237-243.Yang Kun, Chen Lang, Wu Jun-ying, et al. The Effects ofComputing Grid and Artificial Viscosity Coefficient onUnderwater Explosion Numerical Simulation[J]. Acta Armamenth, 2014, 35(S2): 237-243.(责任编辑: 杨力军)第27卷第6期 水下无人系统学报 Vol.27No.62019年12月JOURNAL OF UNMANNED UNDERSEA SYSTEMS Dec. 2019收稿日期: 2019-05-06; 修回日期: 2019-05-27.作者简介: 曹 浩(1982-), 男, 在读博士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为振动传递路径分析.[引用格式] 曹浩, 文立华, 王志杰, 等. 水下航行器动力装置动力学特性研究[J]. 水下无人系统学报, 2019, 27(6): 673-679.水下航行器动力装置动力学特性研究曹 浩1, 2, 文立华1, 王志杰2, 赵昌利2(1. 西北工业大学 航天学院, 陕西 西安, 710072; 2. 中国船舶重工集团公司 第705研究所, 陕西 西安, 710077)摘 要: 动力装置是水下航行器辐射噪声的主要来源, 为了有针对性地隔离振动、控制辐射噪声, 有必要研究关键零件的运动特性和力学特性。
离心喷嘴设计和结构参数对喷嘴性能的影响研究
International Journal of Fluid Dynamics 流体动力学, 2023, 11(1), 13-25 Published Online March 2023 in Hans. https:///journal/ijfd https:///10.12677/ijfd.2023.111002离心喷嘴设计和结构参数对喷嘴性能的 影响研究周薛豹，赵 军*，孙 娜上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院，上海收稿日期：2022年12月26日；录用日期：2022年12月30日；发布日期：2023年3月9日摘要为明确喷嘴的设计方法和喷嘴结构对喷嘴性能的影响规律，本文对喷嘴的设计方法进行了梳理验证并研究了旋流半径比、旋流室倾角和喷孔长径比对喷嘴性能的影响规律：旋流半径比增大会使雾化角减小、流量增大；旋流室倾角增大会使雾化角增大、流量减小；喷孔长径比增大会使雾化角减小，对流量影响不大；喷孔长径比对雾化角影响最大，旋流室倾角对流量影响最大。
关键词离心喷嘴，喷嘴设计，数值模拟Study on the Influence of Centrifugal Nozzle Design and Structural Parameters on Nozzle PerformanceXuebao Zhou, Jun Zhao *, Na SunSchool of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, ShanghaiReceived: Dec. 26th, 2022; accepted: Dec. 30th, 2022; published: Mar. 9th, 2023AbstractIn order to clarify the design method of nozzle and the influence of nozzle junction structure on*通讯作者。
雷诺数对离心压缩机相似换算的性能影响数值研究
王姗,吴博,陶功新,杨志,侯俊鹏,陈志坤(东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司,四川德阳,618000)摘要:文章对某管线压缩机进行相似换算,主要对雷诺数的影响进行分析。
分析结果表明,使用容积比相等和流量系数相等的模化方法,模化后压比和CFD计算压比偏差在2.5%以内。
自模化区内,模化前后效率差别较小。
对于雷诺数小于自模化区情况,雷诺数越小,黏性损失越大,效率越低。
关键词:压缩机,相似模化,雷诺数中图分类号:TK262文献标识码:A文章编号:1674-9987(2023)04-00圆怨-05 Numerical Study of Effect of Reynolds Number on Performance of Centrifugal Compressor Similar Conversion WANG Shan,WU Bo,TAO Gongxin,YANG Zhi,HOU Junpeng,CHEN Zhikun(Dongfang Turbine Co.,Ltd.,Deyang Sichuan,618000)Abstract:Study the effect of Reynolds number on aerodynamic performance of a pipeline compressor during similarity conversion. The research results indicate that using similar modeling methods with equal inlet and outlet volume ratios and flow coefficients,the deviation between the modeled pressure ratio and the CFD calculated pressure ratio is within2.5%.The Reynolds number is within the self modeling zone,and the efficiency difference before and after modeling is relatively small.For cases where the Reynolds number is smaller than the self modeling zone,the smaller the Reynolds number,the greater the viscosity loss and the lower the efficiency.Key words:centrifugal compressor,similarity transformation,Reynolds number第一作者简介:王姗(1990-),女,硕士研究生,工程师,毕业于西安交通大学动力工程热物理专业,主要从事汽轮机设计和离心压缩机设计相关工作。
水下爆炸问题的数值模拟及离心机试验验证
第 45 卷 第 12 期 2019 年 12 月
中国测试 CHINA MEASUREMENT & TEST
Vol.45 No.12 December, 2019
doi: 10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2019030022
水下爆炸问题的数值模拟及离心机试验验证
刘世聪， 王秋生， 娄浩然
(北京工业大学建筑工程学院，北京 100124)
摘 要: 数值模拟是研究水下爆炸非常重要的一种方式，但由于爆炸试验条件的限制，许多数值计算缺少试验背景，
从而降低了数值结果的普适性。该文以离心机水下爆炸试验为基础，验证水下爆炸理论基础-相似准则在数值计算
上的合理性，通过多模型工况下的计算结果对比，研究影响水下爆炸数值计算精度的相关参数，并提出取值建议，最
第 45 卷 第 12 期源自刘世聪，等：水下爆炸问题的数值模拟及离心机试验验证
139
required to reach the calculation accuracy. In the three-dimensional model. When the explosive radius is about equal to the explosive radius, the full cycle of the bubble pulsation can be well simulated, and the numerical data has minimum error from test data. Keywords: centrifugal model; underwater explosion; state equation of water; artificial viscosity coefficient; mesh size
燃油汽心泵的数值模拟与试验
燃油汽心泵的数值模拟与试验于定鹏;王彬;邓卫华;叶志锋【摘要】作为离心泵的一种演变泵型,燃油汽心泵在航空发动机中应用前景良好,叶轮区形成的汽心对泵的工作状态和性能影响较大。
基于RNGκ-ε湍流模型对汽心泵内流场进行了非定常汽液两相数值模拟,研究了进口节流活门开度与出口负载对汽心区域的影响规律。
为验证数值模拟结果的精度,利用汽心泵样机开展了基本特性试验。
结果表明,汽心泵内燃油汽化发生于叶轮进口端；汽心区域随出口负载减小逐渐扩张。
扩张至叶片区后,燃油全部从叶片压力面一侧流道进入蜗室；其他工况不变时汽心区随节流活门开度减小而迅速扩张,2 mm 开度时泵的效率最低可降至20％以下。
数值模拟与样机试验误差基本在10％以内。
%As a variant of centrifugal pump,fuel VCP shows good application prospects in aero en-gines.The vapor core generating in impeller region had great influences on operation status and per-formance of VCP.Unsteady numerical simulation of VCP was presented herein based on RNG (renor-malizatio n group)κ-ε turbulence model and vapor-liquid two-phase cavitation model.Effects of inlet throttle opening and outlet load on vapor core region were studied.In order to verify the reliability of numerical results,basic characteristics of a prototype pump were tested.Results show that fuel vapor-ization inside the pump occurs at the impeller inlet.The vapor core region gradually expands with the decreasing outlet pressure.When expanding to the blade region,liquid fuel flows into the volute from the pressure side ofblade.Other conditions being unchanged,vapor core region rapidly expands when reducing the throttle opening.Efficiency of the VCP is lessthan 20% at 2 mm throttle opening.The simulation and test errors are within 10%.【期刊名称】《中国机械工程》【年(卷),期】2015(000)017【总页数】5页(P2389-2393)【关键词】汽心泵;汽液两相;进口节流活门;数值模拟【作者】于定鹏;王彬;邓卫华;叶志锋【作者单位】南京航空航天大学江苏省航空动力系统重点实验室，南京，210016;南京航空航天大学江苏省航空动力系统重点实验室，南京，210016;中国航空工业集团公司贵州红林机械有限公司，贵阳，550009;南京航空航天大学江苏省航空动力系统重点实验室，南京，210016【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TH311燃油泵是航空发动机燃油系统中的关键元件之一，当需要对油箱燃油增压以满足主燃油泵的吸入条件或需短时加大供油量以增加转速和推力时，多采用供油量大的离心泵或汽心泵供油。