主旨题

猜测词义题 — Guess the meaning
在阅读中常要求学生猜测某些单词
或短语的意思,词义的猜测贯穿在文章的
阅读理解之中。
方法指导
Return
生活 常识 上下文 对比 转折
定义
构词法
猜
因果 关系
同义词 反义词 同位 关系
1.上下文
The whole family had experienced such a storm before and everyone remembered the damage it had caused to stock and crops．There was very little we could do about _____________________________________________________ the corps. But we needed to protect the animals in case the river flooded again．My older brother called his sheep-dog ___________________ and began driving our small flock of sheep to higher ground above river．If the river flooded，they should be safe there． 58．The underlined word "stock" in the third paragraph refers to_________. A. money owned by the family B．goods for sale C. supplies for family use D．farm animals
本段主题句为首句, 其后的内容均说明首句。
II. Just as I settle down to read or watch television, he demands that I play with him. If I get a telephone call, he screams in the background or knocks something over. I always have to hang up to find out what's wrong with him. Baby-sitting with my little brother is no fun. ___________________________________________________________ He refuses to let me eat a snack in peace. Usually he wants half of whatever I have to eat. Then, when he finally grows tired, it takes about an hour for him to fall asleep.
(2)主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据 层
层推理论证, 最后自然得出结论, 即段落的主题。
Example 3 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. _______________________ In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. ________________________________________________________ Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.
59. What is mainly discussed in the text? A. Children’s reading difficulties. B. Advantages of raising dogs. C. Service in a public library. D. A special reading program.
Features of the topic sentences：
1).相对于其他句子，它表达的意思比较概括； 2).主题句一般结构简单；
3).段落中其他句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展相
互题句所表达的思想的。
Example 1
People have different tastes in food. Some feel ————————————————————————— that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast--foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. （1）主题句在段首
一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证 性细节。
Example 2
Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one —————— teaching method can be devised to —————————————————————————————————— satisfy all students at the same time. ——————————————————————————————————
(3)在短文中间 主题句也可以安排在段中间, 此时前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由其后陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在 文中导出, 然后再作进一步的解释, 支持或发展.
巩固练习
Please find out the key sentence of the following passages.
I: English is clearly an international ————————————————————————————————
提炼主题思想/抓住主题句
文章“着墨”最多的点即文章的主旨意（关 键词）。
主题句(topic sentence )
①段首、段中、段尾、或短文1，2句后 ②有but/however转折词所引导的句子当中 ③首句出现疑问句时，对该问题的答案句时文章的主旨 ④ “for example” “first” “second”等之前的句子中或者 “all in all” “above all” 等之后的句子。
language. It is spoken by pilots and airport ———————— control operators on all the airways of the world. Over 70 percent of the world's radio programs are in English.
• 标题题-提问方式 What would be the best title for the text? Which of the following could be the title?
Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental _______________________________ listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ). The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists _______________________________________________ admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the children’s department. Last November the two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the children’s department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended threeandthe four classes program a “pawgraphed” book at the last Example of success of the received class.The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager.