12.被动语态的译法

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被动语态的翻译

被动语态的翻译
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被动语态的翻译
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英语中以it 做形式主语,以被动语态作谓语,其后跟一个由that引导的主语从句的结构很多。这种结 构在译成汉语时,除把it一律省略外,通常有两种处理方法: 1.在被动语态前加“人们”、“有人”、“我们”、“大家”等词 2.用“据……”等短语译出
2). It is estimated that Americans spend up to five years of their lives in that tedious, stressful but unavoidable process known as waiting. 据估计,美国人一生中, 在乏味而令人厌烦, 却又躲避 不掉的等待上所耗费的时间,竟达五年之多。 英语中这种it做形式主语的被动句型在各类文章中比 比皆是,汉译时一般均按主动结构译出。即将原文中 的主语从句译在宾语的位置上,而把it做形式主语的主 句译成一个独立语或分句。常见的固定结构如:
4) The monkeys were given sweet potatoes by scientists who wanted to attract them to the shore of an island.
科学家们给猴子白薯,想把它们引到海岛的岸边。
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被动语态的翻译
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B . 把被动语态译成汉语主动句 1). His pride must be pinched. 他这股傲气应该打下去。
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被动语态的翻译
1.4 “It+ be+ past participle + that引导的从句”句型的翻译 A. 不加主语 It is hoped that... 希望…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It is said that... 据说…… It is supposed that… 据推测…… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that… 可以 毫不夸张地说…… It must be admitted that... 必须承认…… It must be pointed out that... 必须指出…… It will be seen from this that… 由此可见……

被动语态的译法-第八次

被动语态的译法-第八次


被动语态---仍译成被动句

The laws of thermodynamics will be discussed in the next articles.

Thermodynamics:[物] 热力学

热力学定律将在下文予以讨论。
被动语态---仍译成被动句

Purified hydrogen is passed over a liquid metal halide.
科技英语中常见的被动句型
常见的句型是 It is done that…。其中it 做形式主
语,that引导出主语从句。
另一种常见的句型是be done as,该种被动结构引
出主语补语。
科技英语中常见的被动句型
It is considered that…
人们认为
It is understood that…

Halide:n.[化]卤化物;adj.卤化物的
让纯化氢气通过液态金属卤化物。

被动语态---仍译成被动句

Considerable use is made of these data.

Considerable; adj.相当大(或多)的, 值得考虑的, 相当可观的

这些资料得到充分的应用。
被动语态---仍译成被动句

原子学说直到上个世纪才为人们所接受。

(被人们接受)
被动语态---仍译成被动句

Other evaporation materials and processes will be discussed briefly.

Evaporation:n.蒸发(作用) 其他一些蒸发材料和蒸发过程将简单加以讨论。

被动语态的翻译

被动语态的翻译

为了强调被动者,使其位置鲜明、突出时;
Three machines can be controlled by a single operator.
为更好地联接上下文。
Vulcanized rubber was a perfect insulating material; on the rail way it was used for shock-absorbers and cushions.
1.这种圆柱形容器是我们自行设计和制造的。 2.必须充分利用我国所有的自然资源。 3.激光技术可以看作是近年来科学家取得的最 重要成就之一。 4.我们的研究中心创造了一种强度与那种金属 相同的合成材料。 5.电为人类所知晓已有好几千年了。
三、译成汉语的判断句
凡是着重描述事物的过程、性质和状态的英语被 动句,与系表结构相近,往往可译成“是…的结构。
The volume is not measured in square millimeters. It is measured in cubic millimeters. 体积不是以平方毫米计量的。它是以立方毫米 计量的。 The first explosive in the world was made in China. 世界上最早的炸药是在中国制造的。
3.增译逻辑主语:原句中未包含动作的发出者,译
成主动句时可从逻辑主语出发,适当增添不确定主语, 如“人们”、“大家”、“我们”等。
Salt is known to have a very strong corroding effect on metals. 大家知道,盐对金属有很强的腐蚀作用。 Magnesium is found to be the best material for making flash light. 人们发现,镁是制造闪光灯的最好材料。

翻译技巧

翻译技巧

将被动语态翻译成汉语的无主句
当英语的被动句不含有动作的发出者, 而且表示存在、观点和态度时,常常 可以译成汉语中的无主句,而原句中 的主语被当作宾语。翻译时,在这种 无主句前可以加上情感动词,或者加 上“把、将、使、给、对”等词。
On this kind of information and from the known figures, a choice is made and a series of such choices may make a policy. 根据这种信息和那些已知的数据,就能作 出一种选择,而一系列这样的选择就能形 成一项决策。 In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be better-off if smoking were banned altogether. 从长远的观点看,毫无疑问,如果能完全 禁止吸烟,那么每个人的境况将得到很大 的改善。
定语从句的翻译 在英语中,定语从句是极为常见的句式, 它的位置很灵活,可以放在被修饰词之前 也可以放在被修饰词之后。但是在汉语中, 定语一般都比较段,而且多是前置定语。 由于汉语和英语在结构上存在的这个差异, 在将定语从句翻译成汉语时,往往有一定 的难度。 定语从句有时可与主句合译,有时可以分 译,有时可以译成状语从句。
将被动语态翻译成汉语的判断句
英语中如果是着重描述事物的性质和状态的被动结构, 通常可以译成汉语的判断结构。在表达上,常将谓语动 词置于“是”和“的”之间,译成“是……的”。
The economic development is decided by science and technology. 经济的发展是由科技决定的。 In addition, not all technology is based on science. 此外,并不是所有的技术都是以科学为基 础的。

《考研英语语法》被动语态的翻译

《考研英语语法》被动语态的翻译
断句: The spare parts can be produced/ in the short period of time. 断句之后发现,这句话有被动语态“be produced”,并且没有宾语。
翻译: 在短时间内可以生产出零件。
由此可见,在被动语态的句子中,若没有宾语则用“被动边主动”的翻译方法。
4.有被不用被 When the whale is killed, it can be stripped out on the shore. 鲸鱼杀死之后,就在岸上扒皮了。
中文里经常有这种没有“被”字,而仍然有被动含义的句子,比如说“这东西摸起来很 舒服”,这句话中没有“被”字,但所表示的含义却是被动的。
commonest form of treatment is heating. When the oil is heated, /the first vapors to rise are cooled/ and become the finest petrol2. Petrol has a low boiling point; /if a little is poured intoБайду номын сангаасthe hand, /it soon vaporized3. Gas /that comes off the oil later/ is condensed into paraffin4. Last
翻译:
油田打出原油以后 1,便送到炼油厂去处理 2。最普通的处理方式就是加热。石油经 过加热 3,最先冒出来的蒸汽冷却 4 后 5 就是质量最高的汽油。汽油的沸点低。倒一点 在手上 6,很快就挥发了。随后从石油分离出来的 7 气体可以 8 浓缩为煤油。最后产生 的是各种等级的润滑油 9 。剩下的物质便是可以用作燃料的重油了。

被动语态的翻译技巧

被动语态的翻译技巧

被动语态的翻译技巧
被动语态是一种句子结构,在中文翻译中,可以使用以下技巧来表达被动语态:
1. 改变主谓结构:将主语变为宾语,将宾语(或部分宾语)变为主语。

例如,将英语句子"John was given a present by Mary."翻译成中文时,可以改为"玛丽给了约翰一份礼物。

",将"John"变为宾语,将"Mary"变为主语。

3. 调整语序:在中文翻译中,可以根据需要来调整句子的语序,以表达被动意义。

例如,将英语句子"The letter was sent yesterday."翻译成中文时,可以调整语序为"昨天这封信被寄出了。

",使得被动含义更明显。

4. 使用"被动"结构的句型:在中文中,有一些特定的句型可以表达被动意义,如"被+动词+主语+宾语"的结构。

例如,将英语句子"The window was broken by the wind."翻译成中文时,可以使用"被+动词+主语+宾语"的结构,翻译为"窗户被风给吹坏了。

"。

以上是一些常用的被动语态的中文翻译技巧,具体的翻译方法还需要根据语境和句子结构进行灵活运用。

英语被动语态的译法

英语被动语态的译法

英语被动语态的译法英语中被动语态的使用范围极为广泛, 尤其是在科技英语中, 被动语态几乎随处可见, 凡是在不必、不愿说出或不知道主动者的情况下均可使用被动语态,因此, 掌握被动语态的翻译方法, 对于硕士研究生入学考试的复习与应考是极为重要, 因为在硕士研究生入学考试中,英译汉文章的内容多以科普文章为主。

在汉语中, 也有被动语态, 通常通过“把”或“被”等词体现出来, 但它的使用范围远远小于英语中被动语态的使用范围, 因此英语中的被动语态在很多情况下都翻译成主动结构。

对于英语原文的被动结构, 我们一般采取下列的方法:1. 翻译成汉语的主动句。

英语原文的被动结构翻译成汉语的主动结构又可以进一步分为几种不同的情况。

(1) 英语原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语。

在采用此方法时, 我们往往在译文中使用了“加以”,“经过”,“用……来”等词来体现原文中的被动含义。

例如:例1.Other questions will be discussed briefly.其他问题将简单地加以讨论。

例2.In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by diggi ng, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us.换言之, 矿物就是存在于地球上, 但须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。

例3.Nuclear power"s danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.核能对健康、安全, 甚至对生命本身构成的危险可以用一个词—辐射来概括。

翻译的基本技巧--被动语态的翻译.

翻译的基本技巧--被动语态的翻译.

翻译的基本技巧--被动语态的翻译.翻译的基本技巧——语态转换译法语态转换译法1 顺译法1.1 顺译成被动句1.2 顺译成主动句2 倒译法2.1 把by后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语2.2 把其他介词后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语2.3 倒译成汉语的⽆主句3 分译法⼀、顺译法既保留原⽂的主语,⼜要使译⽂主要成分的顺序和原⽂⼤体⼀致的翻译⽅法就叫顺译法。

1 顺译法(Translation in Original Order)1. 1 顺译成被动句A.译成“被”字所谓“被”字句,就是在汉语的动词前⾯加上⼀个“被”字来表⽰被动的句⼦。

主要表⽰这个动作不利于受事者或这个情况有点特殊,或者出乎意料。

加上“被”字以引起读者的注意并表⽰“被”这⼀动作动作接受者(受事者)是不乐意或不情愿接受的。

例1:Vitamin C is destroyed when it is overheated.【译⽂】维⽣素C受热过度就会被破坏。

例2:Once the flower has been pollinated and fertilized, the plant provides the newly formed seeds with a reserve of food materials, which will be needed when they themselves germinate. 【译⽂】花⼀旦被授了粉并受了精,植株就会对新⽣种⼦提供养料贮藏,以备种⼦未来发芽之需。

例3:She thought all was fair and legal, and never dreamt she was going to be entrapped into a feigned union with a defrauded wretched, already bound to a bad, mad, and imbruted partner! (Charlotte Bront?: Jane Eyre)【译⽂】她以为⼀切都是公正合法的,做梦也没想到过⾃⼰竟会被诱⼊欺诈婚姻的圈套,跟⼀个骗⼦、疯⼦、⼗⾜的坏蛋缔结姻缘。

被动语态汉译

被动语态汉译

英语被动语态的汉译梁成功(洛阳师范学院外国语学院河南洛阳471022)英汉两种语言都有被动语态,但由于表达习惯上的差异,英语句式中被动语态的使用要广泛得多。

凡是不必说出施动者、不愿说出施动者或者是为了上下文的衔接顺畅等场合,往往使用被动语态。

相比之下,汉语被动语态使用的范围要小得多。

同一个意思,英语习惯用被动语态表示,汉语却往往用主动语态、无主句或判断句。

语态的使用不同,语气和情调也随之而异。

因此,英译汉时,必须注意被动语态的译法,不要过分拘泥于原文的被动结构,而要根据汉语的习惯,做灵活多样的处理,以保证译文通顺流畅地表达原意。

英语被动语态的汉译一般有以下几种方法。

I. 译成汉语主动句,转换原句主语英语被动语态汉译时,常将原句中的某个成分,如状语、谓语等转译为汉语的主语,译成汉语的主动句。

1.1将原句中的状语成分译为主语1.1.1把表示行为者的介词短语译为主语The poor boy was looked down upon by them. 他们看不起那可怜的孩子。

And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes,and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.许多人认为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比,而且认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门的训练才能掌握。

1,200 people had been saved by soldiers in the earthquake.在地震中,战士们已救出1200人。

1.1.2把句中地点状语译为主语某些被动句中并没有出现“by”引导的短语,但在翻译的过程中仍可使用原句主语作宾语的方法。

在这种情况下,可采用原句中作状语的介词短语中的名词做译文的主语,如:The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.中国在四千年前发明了指南针。

高考英语复习被动语态的翻译

高考英语复习被动语态的翻译

被动语态的翻译英语和汉语两种语言中都存在被动语态。

在英语中,被动语态的使用范围极为广泛,凡是在“不必要说出、不愿意说出或不知道动作发出者”的情况下,均可使用被动语态。

在汉语中也有被动语态,通常通过“把”、“受”、“遭”或“被”等标志词体现出来,但是它的使用范围远远小于英语。

因此,在很多情况下,英语中的被动语态都会翻译成主动结构。

对于英语原句的被动结构,我们一般采取下列的方法:1)翻译成汉语的主动句将英语中的被动结构翻译成汉语的主动结构时,往往可以分成以下几种不同的情况。

①保留英语原句中的主语。

例如:All the tickets had been sold out when they arrived.当他们到达时,所有的票都售完了。

Theatre will be reinvented and become much freer and more imaginative.戏剧将脱胎换骨,变得更为自由,更富想象力。

Nuclear power’s danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.核能对健康、安全、甚至对生命本身所构成的危险可以用一个词来概括:辐射。

②将主语翻译为宾语。

在动作发出者不言自明或难以言明时,英语常用被动句。

而汉语在这种情况下,往往需要添加“有人”、“大家”、“别人”、“人们”之类的泛称主语。

例如:I was told not to trust what I read in the newspaper.有人告诉我不要相信报纸上的消息。

It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well, but on television everything is much more living, much more real.可能有人会指出,无线电广播同样也能做到这一点,但还是电视屏幕上的节目要生动、真实得多。

被动语态译法

被动语态译法

5. 被动语态常用以表示说话者对所提出的话题(或人 被动语态常用以表示说话者对所提出的话题( 或事或物)持有某种客观态度,因而比较婉转。 或事或物)持有某种客观态度,因而比较婉转。 It is suggested that each speaker is allotted five minutes. 建议每位发言者讲话不要超过五分钟。 建议每位发言者讲话不要超过五分钟。
The late 1960's was a period of revolt against traditional values. Parents' ideas were scorned by their children, who accused them of being too concerned with money. 20世纪 年代后期是反抗传统观念的年代。父母的想 世纪60年代后期是反抗传统观念的年代 世纪 年代后期是反抗传统观念的年代。 法为孩子们所不齿;孩子们指责他们过于看重金钱。 法为孩子们所不齿;孩子们指责他们过于看重金钱。
3,使用“是……的”、“为……所”句型 ,使用“ 的 所 “是……的”、“为……所”这些句子着重说明一件 的 所 事情是怎样做或什么时候、什么地点做的等等。 事情是怎样做或什么时候、什么地点做的等等。 Poets are born, but orators are made. 诗人是天生的,而演说家则是后天造就的。 诗人是天生的,而演说家则是后天造就的。 Footprints on the sands of time are not made by sitting down. 时间沙滩上的足迹是走出来的。 时间沙滩上的足迹是走出来的。 不身体力行不足以成事。 不身体力行不足以成事。
转化法 1,把被动句中的主语译成宾语,这样,就更符合汉语 ,把被动句中的主语译成宾语,这样, 的习惯。 的习惯。 The growing needs for daily necessity are gradually being met by the development of light industry. 轻工业的发展正在不断地满足日常必需品增长的需要。 轻工业的发展正在不断地满足日常必需品增长的需要。 The result of the invention of the stream engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power. 蒸汽机发明的结果是,机械力代替了人力。 蒸汽机发明的结果是,机械力代替了人力。

被动语态的翻译

被动语态的翻译

• 综上所述,英语被动语态除了表示语法关 系外,还表示一定的意义,这是我们在翻 译中要注意的。英语被动句在译成汉语时 不存在现成的对应表达方式,而是需要我 们依据汉语的习惯用法,从丰富的句式和 辅助词语中选一些适当的手段来表现出原 in Original Order 顺译成被动句 1.译成“被”字句 They are deprived of their rights. 他们被剥夺了权利。 He was beaten black and blue. 他被打得青一块紫一块。
• 如果说话者要指出施事者来,英语的表达 方式也很简单,就是在谓语结构后面加一 个由by引导的短语: • Peter was robbed by him to pay Paul. • 他偷了彼得的钱去还保尔的债。(“剜肉 补疮”) • 汉语是一种在形式上呈弱势的语言。我们 固然有“被”字可用来表示被动语态,但 在更多的情况下,我们并不执着于主语与 谓语之间究竟有什么关系,因而一律用主 动形式。
• 2) For a long time aluminium has been thought as an effective material for preventing metal corrosion. • 长期以来,铝被当作一种有效防止金属腐 蚀的材料。 • 3. 为更好地连接上下文。例如: • Vulcanized rubber was a perfect insulating material; on the railway it was used for shock-absorbers and cushions. • 硫化橡胶是一种很好的绝缘材料,在铁路 上可用来做减震器和减震垫。
The novel I had thrown away was chosen by the Book Society. 我一度扔掉的那部小说后来被书社选中。 If the scheme is approved, work on the project will start immediately. 如果方案被批准了,工程将即刻动工。

英译汉技巧students

英译汉技巧students

英译汉技巧:1.解包袱法:Clinton is the first black president.Opinion leaderWe want to buy quality steel.She is on her listening tour of New York.Professor Smith is leaving the school. That is a stupid loss.Tom is sometimes favorably compared with Teddy.The so-called critics are only generically mentioned, but not individually mentioned.The joy of his returnWith the tree now tall, we get more shade.2.词性转换法:The improbable pregnancy was a big news for the woman’s family.Wherever you go, there are sings of human presence.A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car.It took a long Presidential drive to get them talk again,Securities law require companies to treat all shareholders reasonably equally.Time Warner will pay TCI 360 million for Southern Satellite Company.3.增词法:She was more royal than the royals.An episode of humor or kindness touches and amuses him here and there.The famous little Becky Puppet has been pronounced to be uncommonly flexible in the joints, lively on the wire.4.减词法:When the students finished all the books they had brought, they opened the lunch and ate it.She listened to me with her rounded eyes.As the manager sits there and looks at the newspaper, a feeling of relaxation comes over him. Smoking is not allowed in the store-house.Small islands have played a disproportionately large role in the thinking of evolutionary biologists.5.重复法:These seemed to call into question the dominance not only of Western power, but of Western ideology.There had been too much publicity about their relationship.6.反面着笔法:Yet the process of achieving gender equality is still an ongoing process.You couldn’t kill any more.I hear everything.He was Jason’s godson, and had been one of the family anytime all these 23 years.With Silicon Valley’s notorious housing prices in mind, I expected to see a much worse house.7.切分法:And a growing minority of Western intellectuals agreed.My father was not wrong in judging me too young to manage business of importance.Many years ago, when I was a vicar of a small parish in the north of England, I remember hearing a sad story of a certain businessman.8.合并法:The inauguration took place on a bright, cold, and windy day.He shook his head. He looked at a blank wall. The girl’s face was there, really quite beautiful in memory.9.移位法:I knew every spot where a murder or robbery had been committed or a ghost seen.A woman infected with HIV may be abandoned by her husband if her condition is revealed, even when he is the source of the disease.10.定语从句的译法:Give me the book you bought me, not the one I bought you.Nobody could be said to understand the place who had not been there at such a time. Washington who could have been king insisted that ultimate sovereignty lay with the people.The software engineer bought the half million house, but the professor of sociology, whose salary is much lower, only bought a small apartment.He decided to take this difficult course, which has made him extremely busy during the summer.11.状语从句的译法:He stole, not because he wanted the money but because he liked stealing.The days were short, for it was now December.When it was wet, the buses are crowded.How can you expect your children to be truthful when you yourself tell lies?There was so much dust that we couldn’t see what was happening.I tried to be polite, although I didn’t like him.12.被动语态的译法:The man was beaten by the police.Heart murmurs are frequently heard in these patients.X-ray examination of the chest and heart should be routinely performed.He was injured. / He was criticized.The house next door has been bought.This sort of advertisement is seen everywhere.。

英语被动语态的翻译

英语被动语态的翻译

英语被动语态的翻译在英语中,被动语态是一种常见的语法结构,表示主语被动作所影响或行为被执行。

在翻译被动语态时,我们需要考虑中文的表达方式和语言习惯,以便准确地传达原文的含义。

一、英语被动语态的构成英语被动语态由助动词be、动词的过去分词和主语组成。

助动词be 是被动语态的标志,它有现在时和过去时的形式,如is、are、was、were等。

动词的过去分词表示动作已经完成,如given、done、written 等。

主语是动作的接受者,通常在句子的开头。

二、英语被动语态的翻译技巧1、转换为主动语态中文习惯使用主动语态,因此在翻译英语被动语态时,我们可以将其转换为主动语态。

例如,“The book was written by John”可以翻译为“这本书是由约翰写的”。

2、添加“被”字中文中可以使用“被”字来表示被动关系。

在翻译英语被动语态时,我们可以添加“被”字来明确动作的接受者。

例如,“The car was hit by a bus”可以翻译为“这辆车被公交车撞了”。

3、使用“受”、“遭”等词除了使用“被”字外,中文还可以使用“受”、“遭”等词来表示被动关系。

例如,“The city was attacked by the enemy”可以翻译为“这个城市遭到了敌人的攻击”。

4、省略“被”字在一些情况下,中文可以省略“被”字,直接将主语作为动作的接受者。

例如,“The house was cleaned”可以翻译为“房子被打扫了”。

翻译英语被动语态时,我们需要根据中文的语言习惯和表达方式进行适当的调整,以便准确地传达原文的含义。

考研英语中被动语态的翻译技巧引言在考研英语中,被动语态是考生必须掌握的一个重要语法结构。

由于中英文的语言习惯差异,被动语态的翻译成为了很多考生的难点。

本文将详细讲解考研英语中被动语态的用法和特点,并介绍相应的翻译技巧,帮助考生更好地应对翻译中的挑战。

知识点讲解被动语态是英语中常见的语法结构之一,通常用于强调动作的承受者。

被动语态的译法

被动语态的译法

被动语态的译法(Translation of the Passive)英语中被动语态使用范围很广。

凡是在不必说出主动者、不愿说出主动者、无从说出主动者或者是为了便于连贯上下文等场合,往往都用被动语态。

汉语中虽也有被动语态,但使用范围狭窄得多。

英语被动语态的句子,译成汉语时,很多情况下都可译成主动句,但也有一些可以保持被动语态。

一、译成汉语主动句英语被动语态的句子译成汉语主动句可有几种不同情况:(一)原文中的主语在译文中仍为主语1)The whole country was armed in a few days.几天之内全国武装起来了。

2) The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated.他在青少年时期留下的自卑感,还没有完全消除。

3)Most trees are denuded of leaves in winter.大多数树木冬天要落叶。

4)He has been wedded to translation.他与翻译结下了不解之缘。

5)She was delivered of a boy.她生了一个男孩。

6) Visitors are requested to wait.来宾请等候。

7) He was given a prize.他得了奖。

8) I have the honor of being elected.我荣幸地当选了。

(二)原文中的主语在译文中作宾语1)By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization,but at a cost of over 200 Belgian and French lives.战争结束时,这个组织拯救了八百人,但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。

英译汉——被动语态的译法

英译汉——被动语态的译法

英译汉——‎被动语态的‎译法.tx‎t考研‎英语每日一‎课(英译汉‎——被动语‎态的译法)‎‎英译‎汉——被动‎语态的译法‎英语中‎被动语态的‎使用范围极‎为广泛, ‎尤其是在科‎技英语中,‎被动语态‎几乎随处可‎见, 凡是‎在不必、不‎愿说出或不‎知道主动者‎的情况下均‎可使用被动‎语态, 因‎此, 掌握‎被动语态的‎翻译方法,‎对于硕士‎研究生入学‎考试的复习‎与应考是极‎为重要的,‎因为在硕‎士研究生入‎学考试中,‎英译汉文章‎的内容多以‎科普文章为‎主。

在汉语‎中, 也有‎被动语态,‎通常通过‎“把”或“‎被”等词体‎现出来, ‎但它的使用‎范围远远小‎于英语中被‎动语态的使‎用范围, ‎因此英语中‎的被动语态‎在很多情况‎下都翻译成‎主动结构。

‎对于英语‎原文的被动‎结构, 我‎们一般采取‎下列的方法‎:1‎.翻译成‎汉语的主动‎句。

英语原‎文的被动结‎构翻译成汉‎语的主动结‎构又可以进‎一步分为几‎种不同的情‎况。

‎(1) 英‎语原文中的‎主语在译文‎中仍做主语‎。

在采用此‎方法时, ‎我们往往在‎译文中使用‎了“加以‎”, “经‎过”, “‎用……来”‎等词来体现‎原文中的被‎动含义。

例‎如:‎例1.Ot‎h er q‎u esti‎o ns w‎i ll b‎e dis‎c usse‎d bri‎e fly.‎其他‎问题将简单‎地加以讨论‎。

例‎2.In ‎o ther‎word‎s min‎e ral ‎s ubst‎a nces‎whic‎h are‎foun‎d on ‎e arth‎must‎be e‎x trac‎t ed b‎ydig‎g ing,‎bori‎n g ho‎l es, ‎a rtif‎i cial‎expl‎o sion‎s, or‎simi‎l ar o‎p erat‎i ons ‎w hich‎make‎them‎avai‎l able‎to u‎s.‎换言之, ‎矿物就是存‎在于地球上‎,但须经‎过挖掘、钻‎孔、人工爆‎破或类似作‎业才能获得‎的物质。

第四部分被动语态的译法

第四部分被动语态的译法

工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年 来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学哲学 家们忽视了。
七、被动语态的译法法
19
20
2、译成汉语主动句 主要的方法!
七、被动语态的译法法
21
①译成汉语的无主语句 将英语句中的主语译成汉语中的宾语

先译谓语,后译主语主谓变序)
特点:不需要指出动作的发出者是谁
七、被动语态的译法法
(偶尔也可不加任何词而直接译出)
七、被动语态的译法法
6
The atomic theory was not accepted until the last century.
原子学说直到上个世纪才为/被人们所接受。
七、被动语态的译法法
7
Natural light or “white” light is actually made up of many colors.
地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人 类引燃的。
七、被动语态的译法法
12
Since methane is its first member,it is also known as the methane series.
因为甲烷是该系列的第一个成员,因此该系 列也被称为甲烷系。
七、被动语态的译法法
13
七、被动语态的译法法
29
If one or more electrons are removed,the atom is said to be positively charged.
如果原子的一个或多个电子被除去,那么该 原子就被说成是带正电荷。
如果原子失去了一个或多个电子,我们就说 这个原子带正电荷。
七、被动语态的译法法
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Translation Techniques
被动语态的译法
----英汉翻译技巧之七
the change of the voices(语态变换法)
Among the translation techniques, there exist one called “the change of the voices”. Actually, the passive voice is more commonly used in English than in Chinese, especially in the writing of science and technology. In the sentences in which the doers are not necessarily told or known, the passive voice is used. And sometimes for the sake of connection of the context, there occurs the passive voice. Since the passive structure seldom appears in Chinese, many passive sentences in English have to be turned into active sentences in Chinese. In fact, a translator tries to render the passive sentences into Chinese active sentences as many as possible. But the version must be made idiomatic and smooth, not ambiguous or abstruse. This is a problem which is worth our attention.
1)When will we be interviewed? 我们什么时候来参加面试呢? 2)New British and American films are often shown to English major juniors. 常给英语专业三年级的同学放映新的英美电影。 3)You are cordially invited to a dinner party to be given at the Workers’ Club in Xidan at 7 PM Nov. 23. 谨定于11月23日晚上7时在西单工人俱乐部举行晚宴,敬 请光临。 4)The plan was especially supported by those who wished to have more chance to speak French. 这个计划特别受到愿多有机会说法语的人的支持。
(一) 把被动语态译成汉语被动句
3. 在行为主体前使用“被”、“由”、“受”、“给”等字 在这类句子中,在“被”、“由”、“受”、“给”等字后 面,在动词前面,有一个名词作为该动词的逻辑主语。 The second half of her words was torn away by the strong wind. 她的后半句话给大风刮得听不见了。 All around, the hill were black with oil, and some were hidden by gas and drifting oil spray. 四周,由于蒙上了一层油,山峦是黑色的,有的山峦则被天然 气和在风中飘洒的喷油遮挡住了。 The thrust force of an airplane is produced by the propeller. 飞机的推力由螺旋桨所产生。
有了钱,就会以钱谋权。
(三) 把被动语态译成汉语无主句 If water is heated, the molecules move more quickly.
如果把水加热,水分子就运动得更快。
Care should be taken at all times to protect these sophisticated instruments from dust and damp.
(二) 把被动语态译成汉语主动句
1. 原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语
The whole country was armed against foreign invaders in a few days. 几天之内,整个国家就武装起来了,准备抵抗外来侵略者。 On our domestic stations, events in Syria were dismissed briefly. 在我们国内电台的广播中,叙利亚的事件只轻描淡写的报道了 一下。 Water can be changed form a liquid into a gas. 水能从液体变为气体。 His pride must be pinched. 他这股傲气应该打下去。
(二) 把被动语态译成汉语主动句
3. 原文中的动作发出者在译文中作主语
Only a small portion of solar energy is now being used by people. 人们只能利用一小部分太阳能。 The whole village had been practically destroyed by the big flood. 洪水几乎完全淹没了整个村庄。 Those towering peaks are only to be scaled by the most daring. 那些高耸的山峰只有最勇敢的人才能攀登。
(一) 把被动语态译成汉语被动句
4. 使用“是……的”、“为……所”句型 “是……的”、“为……所”这些句子着重说明一件事情是 怎样做或什么时候、什么地点做的等等。例如: Poets are born, but orators are made. 诗人是天生的,而演说家则是后天造就的。 As soon as all the facts have been found out, we can begin to formulate a theory. 一旦所有的事实为人们所发现,理论即可形成。 Footprints on the sands of time are not made by sitting down. 沙滩上的足迹是走出来的。(喻“不身体力行不足以成事”) In his late thirties he was almost knocked down in his despondency of the unsuccessful career. 在他三十多岁时,由于事业上的挫折,他几乎为失意所毁。
(一) 把被动语态译成汉语被动句
2. 在谓语前面省略“被”字 在行为主体没有出现的汉语被动句中,当其被动意义非常明 显时,汉语习惯上不使用“被”字。 This kind of instrument must be handled with great care. 这种仪器操作要非常小心。 All these factors ought to be taken into consideration. 所有这些因素都应当考虑。 So far no conclusion has been arrived at. 到目前为止还没有得出结论。 In this sense, bad things can be turned into good things. 从这一点上来说,坏事也可以变成好事。
(一) 把被动语态译成汉语被动句
5. 使用“加以”、“予以”字样 表达被动含义。 The laws of motion will be discussed in the next articles. 运动定律将在下文中予以讨论。 The details of the facade will be further fitted up to match the interior. 铺面将进一步加以装修,使之与室内装饰浑然一体。 The proposal will be examined by a special committee. 这项提议将由一个特别委员会加以审查。 The man-made satellite must be carefully inspected before launching. 人造卫星在发射前必须仔细的予以检查。
(二) 把被动语态译成汉语主动句
2. 原文中的某一部分在译文中作主语
The numerical data concerned are provided in the next chapter. 下一章提供了有关的数字资料。 In that country the mobile phones were never produced. 那个国家从未生产过手机。 The power supply with constant voltage should be sued for this kind of refrigeratory. 这种冰箱应当使用稳压电源。 Even when the pressure stays the same, great changes in air density are caused by changes in temperature. 即使压力不变,气温的变化也能 600 tons of accumulated refuse and dregs were removed altogether in six days.
六天内运走了近六百吨堆积的垃圾和渣土。
Power would be gotten if there were money to get it with.
(三) 把被动语态译成汉语无主句 This kind of unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end to.
必须立即终止这种令人讨厌的噪音。
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