Apple pic
苹果发布会发言稿
苹果发布会发言稿篇一：【免费】iPad发布会的演讲稿9:09AM We're in line waiting to get inside. People are seriously crowding. Let's hope we don't get trampled! 9:09AM 我们正排队进场，现场人山人海的，希望不要发生踩踏！9:11AM Overall the mood is really jovial right now. It's basically a party in the9:11AM 会场气氛非常愉悦，这基本上是整个美国的派对9:42AM Okay! We're in our seats and there's some Dylan playing on the sound system!9:42AM 好了！我们已经入座了，现场正在放着些Dylan 的音乐。
9:43AM The setup on stage is really interesting. There's a chair with a table next to it... very unusual for an Apple event.9:43AM 台上的布置很有意思。
有张桌子，旁边还有一把椅子……对于苹果发布会来说这可不常见。
9:50AM So, more Dylan. We swear, if Bob Dylan shows up at this event, we're going to seriously freak out. In a good way.9:50AM 还是Dylan, 我发誓,如果Bob Dylan在这里出现的话,我绝对会发狂的9:51AM The electric version of 'Baby Let Me Follow You Down' -- in case you were wondering.9:51AM 会场播放着“Baby Let Me Follow You Down”9:54AM Everyone is really all smiles here. Sure, the WiFi just went out, but generally everyone seems to be quite excited. Makes sense, gadgets and money will be flowing like sweet summer wine when this thing is all over. Right?9:54AM 尽管现场已经关闭了WIFI无线网络，不过各路人马还是面带笑容和非常兴奋。
苹果派介绍英语作文
苹果派介绍英语作文英文：Apple pie is a classic American dessert that is loved by people all over the world. The combination of sweet, juicy apples and flaky, buttery crust makes it a delicious treat for any occasion.I remember the first time I tried apple pie. It was ata family gathering, and my aunt had baked a homemade apple pie. The aroma of cinnamon and apples filled the air, and I couldn't wait to take a bite. The first bite was heavenly – the warm, tender apples combined with the crispy crust was a perfect match.In addition to its delicious taste, apple pie also holds a special place in American culture. It is often associated with holidays like Thanksgiving and Fourth of July, and is a symbol of home and comfort. Many people have fond memories of enjoying apple pie with their loved ones,making it a dessert that brings people together.中文：苹果派是一种经典的美国甜点，深受世界各地人们的喜爱。
补全单词
一、补全单词。
cr__ss ro__d r__bbish s__oke undergr__ __nd wa__t tra__fic si__n French f__ __es gl__e ho__ed__nner pic__ic tele__ision wind__ __ p__per ta__es__ __ssors h__mburg__r apple p __ __ sand__ __chg__ape th__ __sty bisc__ __t ve__ __table f__uit noo__les s__ck unif__ __m gard__ __ s__hoolcra__on fe__t pen b__ke sug__r fl__urb__tter bow__ spoo__ br__sh ch__ __pth__ck二、选择。
1. _______ go to the park. OK. A. Let B. Let’s C. let’s2. There is the red man. _______! A. Go B. Stop C. Wait.3. I want ____ juice and some Cokes. A. any B. a C. some4. Look ______ me. I can jump. A. at B. in C. on5. Can I go out, Mum? No, _______. A. please. B. you can C. you can’t.6. Kitty _______ a uniform but it is small. A. have B. is C. Has7. The book is cheap _____ it is thick.A. andB. orC. but8. We ___ got some paints but we need some paper.A. haveB. hasC. don’t9. Thank you very much. _________.A. OKB. You are welcome.C. Here you are.10. Can I _____ some sugar, please? Here you are.A. drinkB. haveC. has11. What do you need ____ school, Ben? I need a new uniform.A. inB. forC. at12. Ben, Alice and Danny ________ a picnic.A. is haveB. are haveC. are having13. What have they got? ______ have got some cakes.A. TheyB. WeC. They are14. Are you hungry? Yes, __________.A. I am notB. I am.C. you are hungry.15. What ____ Tony want? He _____ some water.A. do, isB. does, wantC. does, wants16. Mrs. Wang and Alice _______ going to Zhong Shan Park underground station.A. areB. amC. is17. They are not eating ____ drinking.A. andB. orC. but18. ____ cross the road. There is the red man.A. Let’sB. DoC. Don’t三、用所给词的适当形式填空。
iPod Touch (iphone)使用窍门.txt
苹果播放器（iPod Touch 或 iphone 使用窍门（如有条件可以再查看本播放器的“功能指南”，该文件可从苹果官方网站下载） 20091，ipod 是什么？iPod是苹果（APPLE）公司推出的一种大容量MP3播放器，后来发展为有完善管理系统和全新操作方式的设备，外观也独具创意，是苹果公司少数能横跨PC计算机和Mac平台的硬件产品。
第一代 iPod于2001年10月发布，容量为5GB，在当时引起了轰动。
它不但外观漂亮，而且拥有独特和人性化的操作方式以及巨大的容量，为MP3播放器带来了全新思路。
此后市场上类似产品层出不穷，但 iPod依然受到重视。
第三代 iPod 于2003年4月发布,同时，苹果店开通，这是iPod家族成员中一次大变化，完全采用了触摸式操作。
更大变化是于2007年9月6日推出的第六代 iPod播放器— iPod Touch！大多数通过电脑上网做的事情，现在都能用 iPod touch 完成。
例如，借助内置的无线功能，你可以查看喜爱的博客、发送带有照片附件的邮件、通过即时通讯和朋友聊天。
实际上 iPod touch 就是你口袋里的小电脑。
现在在市场有的 iPod为： *iPod classic (硬盘， 80GB,120GB及160GB)； *iPod nano3 (iPod mini的继任者，用闪存代替了硬盘，能显示照片，并通过USB与电脑连接。
4 及8GB，5种颜色)； *iPod shuffle（首次使用闪存作为储存媒介。
第三代达4GB） *iPod touch (闪存； 8G/16G/32G)2，iPod Touch与 iphone可以把iPod Touch 看作是一个没有电话功能和摄像头的 iPhone。
它新增了无线功能，用户可以通过Wi-Fi 将歌曲下载到播放器上，同时它还可用于存储照片、视频或其他电子文件数据。
它的基本规格同 iPhone几乎一样，也采用了3.5英寸屏幕、多点触摸界面、以及类似智能手机的桌面。
AVFoundationPG
AV Foundation Programming Guide Audio&Video2010-11-15Apple Inc.©2010Apple Inc.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted,in any form or by any means,mechanical, electronic,photocopying,recording,or otherwise,without prior written permission of Apple Inc.,with the following exceptions:Any person is hereby authorized to store documentation on a single computer for personal use only and to print copies of documentation for personal use provided that the documentation contains Apple’s copyright notice.The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Inc. No licenses,express or implied,are granted with respect to any of the technology described in this document.Apple retains all intellectual property rights associated with the technology described in this document.This document is intended to assist application developers to develop applications only for Apple-labeled computers.Apple Inc.1Infinite LoopCupertino,CA95014408-996-1010Apple,the Apple logo,Cocoa,iPhone,iPod, iPod touch,Objective-C,Quartz,and QuickTime are trademarks of Apple Inc.,registered in the United States and other countries.IOS is a trademark or registered trademark of Cisco in the U.S.and other countries and is used under license.OpenGL is a registered trademark of Silicon Graphics,Inc.Times is a registered trademark of Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG,available from Linotype Library GmbH.Even though Apple has reviewed this document, APPLE MAKES NO WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,WITH RESPECT TO THIS DOCUMENT,ITS QUALITY,ACCURACY, MERCHANTABILITY,OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.AS A RESULT,THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED“AS IS,”AND YOU,THE READER,ARE ASSUMING THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO ITS QUALITY AND ACCURACY.IN NO EVENT WILL APPLE BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT,SPECIAL,INCIDENTAL,OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY DEFECT OR INACCURACY IN THIS DOCUMENT,even if advised of the possibility of such damages. THE WARRANTY AND REMEDIES SET FORTH ABOVE ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHERS,ORAL OR WRITTEN,EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.No Apple dealer,agent,or employee is authorized to make any modification,extension,or addition to this warranty.Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or liability for incidental or consequential damages,so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you.This warranty gives you specific legal rights,and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state.ContentsIntroduction About the AV Foundation Framework7Representing and Using Media with AV Foundation8Playback8Reading,Writing,and Reencoding Assets9Thumbnails9Media Capture and Access to Camera9Editing9AV Foundation’s Audio-Related Classes10Concurrent Programming with AV Foundation10Chapter1Using Assets11Creating an Asset Object11Options for Initializing an Asset11Accessing the User’s Assets12Preparing an Asset for Use13Getting Still Images From a Video13Generating a Single Image14Generating a Sequence of Images14Reading and Writing Assets16Using an Export Session16Using Asset Reader and Writer17Chapter2Playback19Playing Assets19Handling Different Types of Asset20Playing an Item21Changing the Playback Rate21Seeking—Repositioning the Playhead22Playing Multiple Items22Monitoring Playback23Responding to a Change in Status23Tracking Readiness for Visual Display24Tracking Time24Reaching the End of an Item25Putting it all Together:Playing a Video File Using AVPlayerLayer25The Player View26A Simple View Controller26Creating the Asset27Responding to the Player Item’s Status Change283CONTENTSPlaying the Item28Chapter3Media Capture29Use a Capture Session to Coordinate Data Flow30Configuring a Session30Monitoring Capture Session State31An AVCaptureDevice Object Represents an Input Device32Device Characteristics32Device Capture Settings33Configuring a Device35Switching Between Devices36Use Capture Inputs to Add a Capture Device to a Session36Use Capture Outputs to Get Output from a Session37Saving to a Movie File37Processing Frames of Video40Capturing Still Images40Showing the User What’s Being Recorded42Video Preview42Showing Audio Levels43Putting it all Together:Capturing Video Frames as UIImage Objects43Create and Configure a Capture Session44Create and Configure the Device and Device Input44Create and Configure the Data Output44Implement the Sample Buffer Delegate Method45Starting and Stopping Recording45Chapter4Creating New Assets47Use a Composition to Combine Existing Assets into a new Asset47Creating a File from a Composition49Chapter5Time and Media Representations51Representation of Assets51Representations of Time52CMTime Represents a Length of Time52CMTimeRange Represents a Time Range53Representations of Media54Converting a CMSampleBuffer to a UIImage55Document Revision History574FiguresChapter4Creating New Assets47Figure4-1Inheritance hierarchy for composition objects475FIGURES 6About the AV Foundation FrameworkAV Foundation is one of several frameworks that you can use to play and create time-based audiovisual media.It provides an Objective-C interface you use to work on a detailed level with time-based audiovisual data.For example,you can use it to examine,create,edit,or reencode media files.You can also get input streams from devices and manipulate video during realtime capture and playback.You should typically use the highest-level abstraction available that allows you to perform the tasks you want.For example:●If you simply want to play movies,you can use the Media Player Framework(MPMoviePlayerControlleror MPMoviePlayerViewController),or for web-based media you could use a UIWebView object.●To record video when you need only minimal control over format,use the UIKit framework(UIImagePickerController).Note, however, that some of the primitive data structures that you use in AV Foundation—includingtime-related data structures and opaque objects to carry and describe media data—are declared in the Core Media framework.AV Foundation is an advanced Cocoa framework. To use it effectively, you must have:●A solid understanding of fundamental Cocoa development tools and techniques●A basic grasp of blocks●A basic understanding of key-value coding and key-value observing●For playback,a basic understanding of Core Animation(see Core Animation Programming Guide)7Relevant Chapters: “Time and Media Representations” (page 51)Representing and Using Media with AV FoundationThe primary class that the AV Foundation framework uses to represent media is AVAsset.The design of theframework is largely guided by this representation.Understanding its structure will help you to understandhow the framework works.An AVAsset instance is an aggregated representation of a collection of one ormore pieces of media data(audio and video tracks).It provides information about the collection as a whole,such as its title,duration,natural presentation size,and so on.AVAsset is not tied to particular data format.AVAsset is the superclass of other classes used to create asset instances from media at a URL(see“UsingAssets” (page 11))and to create new compositions(see“Editing” (page 9)).Each of the individual pieces of media data in the asset is of a uniform type and called a track.In a typicalsimple case,one track represents the audio component,and another represents the video component;in acomplex composition,however,there may be multiple overlapping tracks of audio and video.Assets mayalso have metadata.A vital concept in AV Foundation is that initializing an asset or a track does not necessarily mean that it isready for use. It may require some time to calculate even the duration of an item (an MP3 file, for example,may not contain summary information). Rather than blocking the current thread while a value is beingcalculated, you ask for values and get an answer back asynchronously through a callback that you defineusing a block.Relevant Chapters: “Using Assets” (page 11)“Time and Media Representations” (page 51)PlaybackAVFoundation allows you to manage the playback of asset in sophisticated ways.To support this,it separatesthe presentation state of an asset from the asset itself.This allows you to,for example,play two differentsegments of the same asset at the same time rendered at different resolutions.The presentation state for anasset is managed by a player item object;the presentation state for each track within an asset is managedby a player item track ing the player item and player item tracks you can,for example,set thesize at which the visual portion of the item is presented by the player,set the audio mix parameters andvideo composition settings to be applied during playback,or disable components of the asset during playback.You play player items using a player object, and direct the output of a player to Core Animation layer. OniOS 4.1 and later, you can use a queue player to schedule playback of a collection of player items in sequence. 8Representing and Using Media with AV FoundationRelevant Chapters: “Playback” (page 19)Reading,Writing,and Reencoding AssetsAV Foundation allows you to create new representations of an asset in several ways. You can simply reencode an existing asset, or—on iOS 4.1 and later—you can perform operations on the contents of an asset and save the result as a new asset.You use an export session to reencode an existing asset into a format defined by one of a small number of commonly-used presets. If you need more control over the transformation, on iOS 4.1 and later you can use an asset reader and asset writer object in tandem to convert an asset from one representation to another. Using these objects you can,for example,choose which of the tracks you want to be represented in the output file,specify your own output format,or modify the asset during the conversion process.To produce a visual representation of the waveform,you use an asset reader to read the audio track of an asset.Relevant Chapters: “Using Assets” (page 11)ThumbnailsTo create thumbnail images of video presentations,you initialize an instance of AVAssetImageGenerator using the asset from which you want to generate thumbnails.AVAssetImageGenerator uses the default enabled video track(s)to generate images.Relevant Chapters: “Using Assets” (page 11)Media Capture and Access to CameraRecording input from cameras and microphones is managed by a capture session.A capture session coordinates the flow of data from input devices to outputs such as a movie file.You can configure multiple inputs and outputs for a single session,even when the session is running.You send messages to the session to start and stop data flow.In addition,you can use an instance of preview layer to show the user what a camera is recording. Relevant Chapters: “Media Capture” (page 29)EditingAV Foundation uses compositions to create new assets from existing pieces of media(typically,one or more video and audio tracks).You use a mutable composition to add and remove tracks,and adjust their temporal orderings.You can also set the relative volumes and ramping of audio tracks;and set the opacity,and opacity Representing and Using Media with AV Foundation9ramps,of video tracks.A composition is an assemblage of pieces of media held in memory.When you exporta composition using an export session, it's collapsed to a file. On iOS 4.1 and later, you can also create anasset from media such as sample buffers or still images using an asset writer.AV Foundation’s Audio-Related ClassesThere are two facets to the AV Foundation framework—API related just to audio, which was available priorto iOS 4; and API introduced in iOS 4 and later. The older audio-related classes provide easy ways to dealwith audio. They are described in Multimedia Programming Guide,not in this document.●To play sound files,you can use AVAudioPlayer.●To record audio,you can use AVAudioRecorder.You can also configure the audio behavior of your application using AVAudioSession;this is described inAudio Session Programming Guide.Concurrent Programming with AV FoundationCallouts from AV Foundation—invocations of blocks,key-value observers,or notification handlers—are notguaranteed to be made on any particular thread or queue.Instead,AV Foundation invokes these handlerson threads or queues on which it performs its internal tasks.You are responsible for testing whether thethread or queue on which a handler is invoked is appropriate for the tasks you want to perform.If it’s not(for example,if you want to update the user interface and the callout is not on the main thread),you mustredirect the execution of your tasks to a safe thread or queue that you recognize,or that you create for thepurpose.If you’re writing a multithreaded application,you can use the NSThread method isMainThread or[[NSThread currentThread] isEqual:<#A stored thread reference#>]to test whether theinvocation thread is a thread you expect to perform your work on.You can redirect messages to appropriatethreads using methods such as performSelectorOnMainThread:withObject:waitUntilDone:andperformSelector:onThread:withObject:waitUntilDone:modes:.You could also use dispatch_asyncto“bounce”to your blocks on an appropriate queue,either the main queue for UI tasks or a queue you haveup for concurrent operations.For more about concurrent operations,see Concurrency Programming Guide;for more about blocks,see Blocks Programming Topics.10AV Foundation’s Audio-Related ClassesUsing AssetsAsset can come from a file or from media in the user’s iPod Library or Photo library.Simply creating an assetobject,though,does not necessarily mean that all the information that you might want to retrieve for thatitem is immediately available.Once you have a movie asset,you can extract still images from it,transcodeit to another format,or trim the contents.Creating an Asset ObjectTo create an asset to represent any resource that you can identify using a URL,you use AVURLAsset.Thesimplest case is creating an asset from a file:NSURL *url = <#A URL that identifies an audiovisual asset such as a movie file#>;AVURLAsset *anAsset = [[AVURLAsset alloc] initWithURL:url options:nil];Options for Initializing an AssetAVURLAsset’s initialization methods take as their second argument an options dictionary.The only key usedin the dictionary is AVURLAssetPreferPreciseDurationAndTimingKey.The corresponding value is aboolean(contained in an NSNumber object)that indicates whether the asset should be prepared to indicatea precise duration and provide precise random access by time.(Strictly,this and other dictionaries mentionedin this section can use an NSValue object to represent a boolean,however they’re typically represented byan NSNumber object.Recall that NSNumber inherits from NSValue.)Getting the exact duration of an asset may require significant processing ing an approximateduration is typically a cheaper operation and sufficient for playback.Thus:●If you only intend to play the asset,either pass nil instead of a dictionary,or pass a dictionary thatcontains the AVURLAssetPreferPreciseDurationAndTimingKey key and a corresponding value ofNO(contained in an NSNumber object).●If you want to add the asset to a composition(AVMutableComposition),you typically need preciserandom access.Pass a dictionary that contains the AVURLAssetPreferPreciseDurationAndTimingKeykey and a corresponding value of YES(contained in an NSNumber object):NSURL *url = <#A URL that identifies an audiovisual asset such as a movie file#>;NSDictionary *options = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:[NSNumbernumberWithBool:YES]forKey:AVURLAssetPreferPreciseDurationAndTimingKey];AVURLAsset *anAssetToUseInAComposition = [[AVURLAsset alloc] initWithURL:urloptions:nil];Creating an Asset Object112010-11-15 | © 2010 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved.Accessing the User’s AssetsTo access the assets managed the iPod Library or by the Photos application,you need to get a URL of theasset you want.●To access the iPod Library,you create an MPMediaQuery instance to find the item you want,then getits URL using MPMediaItemPropertyAssetURL.For more about the Media Library,see Multimedia Programming Guide.●To access the assets managed by the Photos application,you use ALAssetsLibrary.The following example shows how you can get an asset to represent the first video in the Saved PhotosAlbum.ALAssetsLibrary *library = [[ALAssetsLibrary alloc] init];// Enumerate just the photos and videos group by using ALAssetsGroupSavedPhotos.[library enumerateGroupsWithTypes:ALAssetsGroupSavedPhotosusingBlock:^(ALAssetsGroup *group, BOOL *stop) {// Within the group enumeration block, filter to enumerate just videos.[group setAssetsFilter:[ALAssetsFilter allVideos]];// For this example, we're only interested in the first item.[group enumerateAssetsAtIndexes:[NSIndexSet indexSetWithIndex:0]options:0usingBlock:^(ALAsset *alAsset, NSUInteger index, BOOL*innerStop) {// The end of the enumeration is signaled by asset ==nil.if (alAsset) {ALAssetRepresentation *representation = [alAssetdefaultRepresentation];NSURL *url = [representation url];AVAsset *avAsset = [AVURLAsset URLAssetWithURL:urloptions:nil];// Do something interesting with the AV asset.}}];}failureBlock: ^(NSError *error) {// Typically you should handle an error more gracefullythan this.NSLog(@"No groups");}];[library release];12Creating an Asset Object2010-11-15 | © 2010 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved.Preparing an Asset for UseInitializing an asset(or track)does not necessarily mean that all the information that you might want toretrieve for that item is immediately available.It may require some time to calculate even the duration of anitem(an MP3file,for example,may not contain summary information).Rather than blocking the currentthread while a value is being calculated,you should use the AVAsynchronousKeyValueLoading protocolto ask for values and get an answer back later through a completion handler you define using a block.(AVAsset and AVAssetTrack conform to the AVAsynchronousKeyValueLoading protocol.)You test whether a value is loaded for a property using statusOfValueForKey:error:.When an asset isfirst loaded,the value of most or all of its properties is AVKeyValueStatusUnknown.To load a value for oneor more properties,you invoke loadValuesAsynchronouslyForKeys:completionHandler:.In thecompletion handler,you take whatever action is appropriate depending on the property’s status.You shouldalways be prepared for loading to not complete successfully,either because it failed for some reason suchas a network-based URL being inaccessible,or because the load was canceled..NSURL *url = <#A URL that identifies an audiovisual asset such as a movie file#>;AVURLAsset *anAsset = [[AVURLAsset alloc] initWithURL:url options:nil];NSArray *keys = [NSArray arrayWithObject:@"duration"];[asset loadValuesAsynchronouslyForKeys:keys completionHandler:^() {NSError *error = nil;AVKeyValueStatus durationStatus = [asset statusOfValueForKey:@"duration"error:&error];switch (durationStatus) {case AVKeyValueStatusLoaded:[self updateUserInterfaceForDuration];break;case AVKeyValueStatusFailed:[self reportError:error forAsset:asset];break;case AVKeyValueStatusCancelled:// Do whatever is appropriate for cancelation.break;}}];If you want to prepare an asset for playback,you should load its tracks property.For more about playingassets,see“Playback” (page 19).Getting Still Images From a VideoTo get still images such as thumbnails from an asset for playback,you use an AVAssetImageGeneratorobject.You initialize an image generator with your asset.Initialization may succeed,though,even if the assetpossesses no visual tracks at the time of initialization,so if necessary you should test whether the asset hasany tracks with the visual characteristic using tracksWithMediaCharacteristic:.AVAsset anAsset = <#Get an asset#>;if ([[anAsset tracksWithMediaCharacteristic:AVMediaTypeVideo] count] > 0) {AVAssetImageGenerator *imageGenerator =[AVAssetImageGenerator assetImageGeneratorWithAsset:anAsset];Preparing an Asset for Use132010-11-15 | © 2010 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved.// Implementation continues...You can configure several aspects of the image generator,for example,you can specify the maximumdimensions for the images it generates and the aperture mode using maximumSize and apertureModerespectively.You can then generate a single image at a given time,or a series of images.You must ensurethat you retain the image generator until it has generated all the images.Generating a Single ImageYou use copyCGImageAtTime:actualTime:error:to generate a single image at a specific time.AVFoundation may not be able to produce an image at exactly the time you request,so you can pass as thesecond argument a pointer to a CMTime that upon return contains the time at which the image was actuallygenerated.AVAsset *myAsset = <#An asset#>];AVAssetImageGenerator *imageGenerator = [[AVAssetImageGenerator alloc]initWithAsset:myAsset];Float64 durationSeconds = CMTimeGetSeconds([myAsset duration]);CMTime midpoint = CMTimeMakeWithSeconds(durationSeconds/2.0, 600);NSError *error = nil;CMTime actualTime;CGImageRef halfWayImage = [imageGenerator copyCGImageAtTime:midpointactualTime:&actualTime error:&error];if (halfWayImage != NULL) {NSString *actualTimeString = (NSString *)CMTimeCopyDescription(NULL,actualTime);NSString *requestedTimeString = (NSString *)CMTimeCopyDescription(NULL,midpoint);NSLog(@"got halfWayImage: Asked for %@, got %@", requestedTimeString,actualTimeString);[actualTimeString release];[requestedTimeString release];// Do something interesting with the image.CGImageRelease(halfWayImage);}[imageGenerator release];Generating a Sequence of ImagesTo generate a series of images,you send the image generator agenerateCGImagesAsynchronouslyForTimes:completionHandler:message.The first argument isan array of NSValue objects,each containing a CMTime,specifying the asset times for which you want imagesto be generated.The second argument is a block that serves as a callback invoked for each image that isgenerated.The block arguments provide a result constant that tells you whether the image was createdsuccessfully or if the operation was canceled,and,as appropriate:●The image.14Getting Still Images From a Video2010-11-15 | © 2010 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved.●The time for which you requested the image and the actual time for which the image was generated.●An error object that describes the reason generation failed.In your implementation of the block,you should check the result constant to determine whether the image was created.In addition,you must ensure that you retain the image generator until it has finished creating the images.AVAsset *myAsset = <#An asset#>];// Assume: @property (retain) AVAssetImageGenerator *imageGenerator;self.imageGenerator = [AVAssetImageGeneratorassetImageGeneratorWithAsset:myAsset];Float64 durationSeconds = CMTimeGetSeconds([myAsset duration]);CMTime firstThird = CMTimeMakeWithSeconds(durationSeconds/3.0, 600);CMTime secondThird = CMTimeMakeWithSeconds(durationSeconds*2.0/3.0, 600);CMTime end = CMTimeMakeWithSeconds(durationSeconds, 600);NSArray *times = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:[NSValue valueWithCMTime:kCMTimeZero],[NSValue valueWithCMTime:firstThird], [NSValuevalueWithCMTime:secondThird],[NSValue valueWithCMTime:end], nil];[imageGenerator generateCGImagesAsynchronouslyForTimes:timescompletionHandler:^(CMTime requestedTime, CGImageRef image,CMTime actualTime,AVAssetImageGeneratorResult result, NSError*error) {NSString *requestedTimeString = (NSString*)CMTimeCopyDescription(NULL, requestedTime);NSString *actualTimeString = (NSString*)CMTimeCopyDescription(NULL, actualTime);NSLog(@"Requested: %@; actual %@", requestedTimeString, actualTimeString);[requestedTimeString release];[actualTimeString release];if (result == AVAssetImageGeneratorSucceeded) {// Do something interesting with the image.}if (result == AVAssetImageGeneratorFailed) {NSLog(@"Failed with error: %@", [error localizedDescription]);}if (result == AVAssetImageGeneratorCancelled) {NSLog(@"Canceled");}}];You can cancel the generation of the image sequence by sending the image generator a cancelAllCGImageGeneration message.Getting Still Images From a Video15 2010-11-15 | © 2010 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved.Reading and Writing AssetsYou can easily transcode a movie from one format to another,and trim a movie,using anAVAssetExportSession object. On iOS 4.1 and later, you can also use asset reader and writer objects ifyou need more control over the reading and writing operations.●You use an AVAssetReader object when you want to perform an operation on the contents of an asset.For example,you might read the audio track of an asset to produce a visual representation of thewaveform.●You use an AVAssetWriter object to produce an asset from media such as sample buffers or still images.●You can use an asset reader and asset writer object in tandem to convert an asset from one representationto another with more control over the conversion than you do with AVExportSession.Using an Export SessionAn export session is a controller object that manages asynchronous export of an asset.You initialize thesession using the asset you want to export and the name of a export preset that indicates the export optionsyou want to apply(see allExportPresets).You then configure the export session to specify the outputURL and file type,and optionally other settings such as the metadata and whether the output should beoptimized for network use.You can check whether you can export a given asset using a given preset usingexportPresetsCompatibleWithAsset:as illustrated in this example:AVAsset *anAsset = <#Get an asset#>;NSArray *compatiblePresets = [AVAssetExportSessionexportPresetsCompatibleWithAsset:anAsset];if ([compatiblePresets containsObject:AVAssetExportPresetLowQuality]) {AVAssetExportSession *exportSession = [[AVAssetExportSession alloc]initWithAsset:anAsset presetName:AVAssetExportPresetLowQuality];// Implementation continues.}You complete configuration of the session by providing the output URL(the URL must be a file URL)andsetting the the output file type using outputFileType..You can also specify additional properties such asthe time range,a limit for the output file length,whether the exported file should be optimized for networkuse,and a video composition.The following example illustrates how to use the timeRange property to trimthe movie:exportSession.outputURL = <#A file URL#>;exportSession.outputFileType = AVFileTypeQuickTimeMovie;CMTime start = CMTimeMakeWithSeconds(1.0, 600);16Reading and Writing Assets2010-11-15 | © 2010 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved.。
苹果iPad5 原厂原理图 元件分布图维修图纸.
TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_HEADTABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_HEAD TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_HEAD TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEMTABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEMTABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEMTABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM TABLE_TABLEOFCONTENTS_ITEM 8B7DACC3456DB87654CSA SYNC MASTERCONTENTSDATEPDF 1N/AN/ATable of Contents151GRAPE: 1V8 POWER SWITCH65N/AN/ASYNC MASTERCSA CONTENTSPDF DATE2632RADIO_MLB_72_B706/03/2013CELL: BASEBAND PMU (1 0F 2DATE SYNC MASTERCONTENTSCSA PDF 52GRAPE: CUMULUS66N/AN/A53DISPLAY: EDP CONN70N/AN/A54POWER: BATTERY CONNECTOR75N/AN/A55 PMU: ANYA PAGE 181N/AN/A56PMU: ANYA PAGE 282N/AN/A57PMU: ANYA PAGE 383N/AN/A58PMU: ANYA PAGE 484N/AN/A59SOC: DEBUG90N/AN/A60TEST: TP/HOLES/FIDUCUALS93N/AN/A61 TEST: EE TP/PP94N/AN/A62POWER: ALIASES121N/AN/A63CONSTRAINTS: MLB RULES150N/AN/A64 CONSTRAINTS: LOW SPEED BUS151N/AN/A65 CONSTRAINTS: DISPLAY/AUDIO152N/AN/A66 CONSTRAINTS: DDR/FMI153N/AN/A67 CONSTRAINTS: POWER / GND154N/AN/A68 CONSTRAINTS: RF157N/AN/A69CONSTRAINTS: WIFI/BT158WIFI_DEV05/21/20132733RADIO_MLB_72_B706/03/2013CELL: BASEBAND PMU (2 OF 228 34RADIO_MLB_72_B706/03/2013CELL: BASEBAND (1 OF 22935RADIO_MLB_72_B706/03/2013CELL: BASEBAND(2 OF 23036RADIO_MLB_72_B706/03/2013CELL: TRANSCEIVER (1 0F 23137RADIO_MLB_72_B706/03/2013CELL: TRANSCEIVER (2 OF 23238RADIO_MLB_72_B706/03/2013CELL: TRANSCEIVER MATCHING33 39RADIO_MLB_72_B706/03/2013CELL: SAW BANK3440RADIO_MLB_72_B706/03/2013CELL: BAND 1/4 PAT3541RADIO_MLB_72_B706/03/2013CELL: BAND 2/3 PAD3642RADIO_MLB_72_B706/03/2013CELL: BAND 20 PAD3743RADIO_MLB_72_B706/03/2013CELL: BAND 5/8 PAD3844RADIO_MLB_72_B706/03/2013CELL: BAND 13/17 PAD3945RADIO_MLB_72_B706/03/2013CELL: PA DC/DC CONVERTER4046RADIO_MLB_72_B706/03/2013CELL: 2G FEM4147RADIO_MLB_72_B706/03/2013CELL: RX DIVERSITY42 48RADIO_MLB_72_B706/03/2013CELL: GPS4349RADIO_MLB_72_B706/03/2013CELL: ANTENNA FEEDS44 51N/AN/ACELL: SIM FLEX CONN4556N/AN/ASENSOR: PROX AD71494658WIFI_DEV05/21/2013WIFI/BT: MODULE4760N/AN/AIO: TRISTAR4861N/AN/AIO: FILTERING4962N/AN/AIO: FLEX HOTBAR PADS5063N/AN/AIO: HOME BUTTON FILTERS2N/AN/ABLOCK DIAGRAM: SYSTEM23N/AN/ABOM TABLES44N/AN/ASOC: MAIN65N/AN/ASOC: I/OS76N/AN/ASOC: NAND87N/AN/ASOC: DP,MIPI98N/AN/ASOC: DDR109N/AN/ASOC: IO POWER1110N/AN/ASOC: SRAM POWER1211N/AN/ASOC: CPU POWER1312N/AN/ADDR: CHANNEL 0 AND 11413N/AN/ASOC: MISC & ALIASES1514N/AN/ANAND: NAND1615N/AN/AAUDIO: L81 CODEC1716N/AN/AAUDIO: HP/DMIC FLEX CONNS1817 N/AN/AAUDIO: SPEAKER AMPS RIGHT1918 N/AN/AAUDIO: SPEAKER AMPS LEFT2019 N/AN/ASENSOR: OSCAR, GYRO, ACCEL2420 N/AN/ASENSOR: HALL EFFECT2521N/AN/AIO: BUTTON FLEX CONN2622N/AN/ACAMERA: FF AND ALS CONN2723N/AN/ACAMERA: REAR CONN2824N/AN/ASENSOR: COMPASS292506/03/2013RADIO_MLB_72_B7CELL: SYSTEM & DEBUG CONNECTORS30Edited by Foxit Reader ActiveX For Evaluation Only.Copyright(C 2006-2009 Foxit Corporation。
好学好记的英语水果词汇表
酸浆/红姑娘alkekengi[,ælkɚ'kengi]扁桃仁almond['ɑmənd]苹果apple['æpl]杏apricot['æprɪkɑt]槟榔areca nut[,ə'rikɚ] [nʌt]亚洲梨Asian pear[ˈeʃən] [pɛr]香蕉banana[bə'nænə]山毛榉坚果beechnut['bitʃ,nʌt]香柠檬bergamot[ˈbɚɡəˌmɑt]山桑子/欧洲蓝莓bilberry['bɪlbɛri]黑加仑black currant[blæk] [ˈkə:rənt, ˈkʌr-]黑莓blackberry['blæk'bɛri]蓝莓blueberry['blubɛri]黄金瓜canary melon[kəˈnɛri] [ˈmɛlən]罗马甜瓜cantaloupe[ˈkæntlˌop]杨桃carambola / starfruit [ˌkærəmˈbolə] ['stɑːrfruːt]卡萨巴甜瓜casaba melon[kə'sɑːbə] [ˈmɛlən]腰果cashew['kæʃʊ]番荔枝cherimoya[ˌtʃɛrəˈmɔɪə]樱桃cherry['tʃɛri]栗子chestnut['tʃɛsnʌt]猕猴桃Chinese gooseberrykiwi / kiwifruit[tʃaɪˈniz] [ˈɡusˌbɛri][ˈkiwiˌfrut]香橼citron[ˈsɪtrən]椰子coconut['kokənʌt]可乐果cola nut['kolə] [nʌt]沙果/野生酸苹果crab apple[kræb ˈæpəl]蔓越莓/小红莓cranberry['kræn'bɛri]金橘cumquat / kumquat['kʌmkwɑt]红加仑currant / red currant[ˈkə:rənt, ˈkʌr-]椰枣date[deɪt]榴莲durian[ˈdʊriən]费约果/斐济果feijoa[feˈʒɔə]无花果fig[fɪɡ]蟠桃flat peach[flæt pitʃ]海棠果flowering crab apple[ˈflaʊərɪŋ kræb ˈæpl]银杏ginkgo nut[ˈɡɪŋko]醋栗/灯笼果gooseberry['ɡusbɛri]葡萄grape[ɡreɪp]葡萄柚grapefruit[ˈɡrepˌfrut]青梅greengage[ˈɡrinˌɡedʒ]番石榴/芭乐guava['ɡwɑvə]哈密瓜hami melon[hɑːmɪ] [ˈmɛlən]山楂haw[hɔ]榛子hazelnut['hezlnʌt]水蜜桃honey peach[ˈhʌni pitʃ]蜜瓜honeydew melon[ˈhʌniˌdu] [ˈmɛlən]刺角瓜horned melon[hɔrnd] [ˈmɛlən]嘉宝果jaboticaba[ʒəˌbʊtɪˈkɑbə]菠萝蜜jackfruit[ˈdʒækˌfrut]日本柿Japanese persimmon[ˌdʒæpəˈniz] [pɚˈsɪmən]日本梅子Japanese plum[ˌdʒæpə'niːz] [plʌm]枣jujube / Chinese date [ˈdʒuˌdʒub][tʃaɪˈniz, -ˈnis] [deit]柠檬lemon[ˈlɛmən]酸橙lime[laɪm]荔枝litchi[ˈlitʃi]龙眼longan[ˈlɑŋɡən]枇杷loquat[ˈloˌkwɑt]夏威夷果macadamia nut[,mækə'demɪə] [nʌt]柑mandarin['mændərɪn]芒果mango[ˈmæŋɡo]山竹mangosteen[ˈmæŋɡəˌstin]香瓜/甜瓜muskmelon[ˈmʌskˌmɛlən]油桃nectarine['nɛktərin]橙orange['ɔrɪndʒ]木瓜papaya / pawpaw[pəˈpɑjə] / [ˈpɔpɔ]西番莲/热情果passion fruit[ˈpæʃən] [frut]桃peach[pitʃ]梨pear[pɛr]碧根果pecan nut[pɪ'kɑn] [nʌt]香瓜梨/人参果pepino[pepi:'no]柿子persimmon[pɚˈsɪmən]松子pine nut[paɪn] [nʌt]菠萝pineapple['paɪn'æpl]开心果pistachio nut[pɪ'stæʃɪo] [nʌt]芭蕉plantain[ˈplæntən]李子plum[plʌm]石榴pomegranate[ˈpɑmˌɡrænɪt]柚子pomelo / shaddock [ˈpɑməˌlo] [ˈʃædək]仙人掌果prickly pear[ˈprɪkli] [pɛr]温柏quince[kwɪns]红毛丹rambutan[ræmˈbutn]树莓/覆盆子raspberry['ræzbəri]杨梅red bayberry / waxberry [rɛd] [ˈbeˌbɛri] [ˈwæksˌbɛri]小叶越桔red whortleberry[rɛd] ['wɝtlbɛri]人心果sapodilla[ˌsæpəˈdɪlə]草莓strawberry['strɔbɛri]甘蔗sugar cane['ʃʊgɚ] [ken]树番茄tamarillo[ˌtæmə'riːjoʊ]橘tangerine[ˌtændʒəˈrin]核桃walnut['wɔlnət]西瓜watermelon[ˈwɔtɚˌmɛlən]莲雾wax-apple[wæks] [ˈæpəl]。
微芯片Bluetooth和USB音频接入设备用户指南说明书
Bluetooth® and USB Audio Docking for iPhone®, iPod®and Android™ DevicesKey Highlights of Microchip’s Audio Solutions■All iPhones, iPads® and iPods including iPhone 5th generation■Android 4.1 AOA audio and Samsung™ audio ■Royalty free Microchip Bluetooth audio profi les and stack■3D or free-space gesture user interface ■USB memory stick playback (MP3 format) ■Firmware update via USB or an application ■Multiple audio sampling rates■Auto-detect/connect for Apple ® iOS and Android/Samsung■High performance 32-bit MCU withI 2S™, USB FS 2.0, 64–512 Kbyte Flash, 28–100 pin packagesUSB Audio Development ToolsPIC32 Digital Audio Mixer Accessory Board■ 16 or 24-bit audio playback, recording and mixing ■ D AC SNR 100 dB, ADC SNR 92.5 dB ■2× Microphone in ■2× Headphone out ■1× Line in, 1× Line out ■ 28-/44-pin, 64K/128K Flash 32-bit PIC32MX2 familyPIC32MX2 USB Audio Development Kit■ A udio playback for iPhone, iPhone and Android Devices ■DAC SNR 92 dB ■1× Headphone out ■ S oft mute, digital attenuator, bass boost function ■ A udio controls: Play, Pause, Next, Previous, Vol+, Vol-, Mute, etc.■28-/44-pin, 64K/128K Flash 32-bit PIC32MX2 familyBluetooth and USB Audio Development ToolsPIC32 Bluetooth Audio Development Kit (DV320032)■ U SB audio playback for iPhone, iPod and Android Devices (a separate iPod Authentication Coprocessor Evaluation Board is required) ■ B luetooth audio streaming with low cost HCI module ■ U SB memory stick playback (MP3 format)■2-inch LCD display with touch screen ■DAC SNR 106 dB 192 KHz 24-bit ■1× Headphone out■Audio control functionsHow Do I Start?■Schedule a demonstration with your Microchip Sales Representative.■Enroll in Apple’s Made-for-iPod (MFi) licensing program. ■Download the free Microchip MFi Library from Apple’s authorized MFi component distributor . ■Contact Microchip sales to obtain the development kit(s).■Contact ************************** foradditional questions.SummaryDesigning a low cost Bluetooth audio or USB audio docking for iPhone, iPod and Android devices has never been easier! Microchip’s audio development kits and libraries give you freedom to innovate audio solutions with reduced time-to-market.Information subject to change. The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, dsPIC, PIC are registered trademarks and MiWi, PICtail and ZENA are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. © 2013, Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. 4/13 DS00001400BVisit our web site for additional product information and to locate your local sales office.Microchip Technology Inc. • 2355 W. Chandler Blvd. • Chandler, AZ 85224-6199/smartphoneBluetooth and USB Audio Development Kit Portfolio3D Gesture with GestIC® TechnologyMicrochip’s patented GestIC technology allows users to interact with their devices using hand/finger position tracking and intuitive free-space gestures in real time. It is a patented 3D sensor technology which utilizes an electric field (E-fields) for advanced proximity sensing, and allows realization of new user interface applications by detection, tracking and classification of a user’s hand or finger motion in free-space.Additional information, visit: /gestic .Universal Serial Bus (USB)USB has grown to be the standard wired interface on smartphones/tablets. With the addition of dual role – embedded host and device, the mobile devices mobilize the desktop and applications. Microchip’s simple and easy-to-use USB solutions offer a wide variety of 8, 16 and 32-bit USB MCUs for basic, low cost to complex accessory applications.Additional information, visit: /usb .Bluetooth Wireless TechnologyBluetooth is becoming a popular choice of wireless connectivity between accessories and smartphones or tablets. Microchip offers various options to connect to the Bluetooth of your choice while meeting the Android OS specification.Additional information, visit: /bluetooth .。
常用文件打开方式
常用文件打开方式什么是文件名后缀？说起来Windows工作接口下的文件名简直是随心所欲，比如：某编辑部的2000年工作计划。
文件名即可用中文直接表达，而且长度最长可达256个字符，让人看起来真是一目了然。
然而在Windows环境中，安装的软件中却大量存在着类似CALENDAR.EXE、GAMES.GRP 等等的文件名，这又是为什么呢？原来这些文件名都是根据DOS环境的文件名命名规则而定的。
DOS环境下的文件名在DOS下，文件名采用8＋3结构，即：最长8位的文件名，由小数点分隔后再跟上最长3位的后缀名，如：READ.ME、SETUP.EXE，一般情况下文件名不允许使用汉字，只能由字母、数字和一些符号组成。
如READ.ME用中文理解就是“读我”，即提示用户在使用软件前先看看这个文件的内容，以获取更多的提示信息。
而更重要的是，DOS下规定用后缀名来区分各种不同的文件。
在DOS下最容易遇到的首先是可执行文件，后缀名有两类：*.exe、*.com（此处的*表示文件名任意），它们是由汇编语言或其它高级语言编出的程序经过编译后直接在DOS下运行的文件。
有时由于软件功能多、内存偏小，不能一次性全部调入内存还可能有同文件名的ovl 文件，如ws.exe、ws.ovl。
另外还有一种文件可以直接运行，*.bat,即批处理文件，其中有许多命令或可执行文件名，主要用于提高工作效率，其中最有用的是Autoexec.bat，这个文件在开机时会被自动执行（自动执行在英文中就是Automatically execute）。
而另外一种可以加载但不能直接运行的文件即是系统扩展管理文件*.sys（sys即系统system），它主要提供某些非标准设备如鼠标、扩充内存等的驱动程序，如mouse.sys、himem.sys。
为了统一管理还专门规定了一个config.sys的文本文件来一次性地在开机时自动调入这些必需的设备驱动程序，这些文件一旦被误删或换名或被病毒侵袭则将直接导致系统工作不正常。
我喜欢吃苹果用英语写作文
我喜欢吃苹果用英语写作文I enjoy eating apples. Apples are one of my favorite fruits to consume. They are versatile, nutritious, and delicious. There are countless ways to enjoy apples, whether it's biting into a crisp, juicy apple as a snack, incorporating them into a sweet dessert, or using them as an ingredient in savory dishes.One of the things I love most about apples is their incredible diversity. There are thousands of different apple cultivars, each with its own unique flavor profile, texture, and appearance. From the tart and tangy Granny Smith to the sweet and creamy Honeycrisp, there's an apple to suit every taste preference. I find great joy in exploring the wide world of apples, discovering new and exciting varieties that tantalize my taste buds.Apples are not only delicious but also incredibly nutritious. They are a rich source of dietary fiber, which can help promote digestive health and keep you feeling full and satisfied. Apples are also packed with a variety of vitamins and minerals, including vitamin C, vitamin K, and potassium. These nutrients play important roles in maintaining overall health and well-being.One of the things I appreciate most about apples is their versatility in the kitchen. They can be used in a wide range of sweet and savory dishes, from classic apple pie and apple crisp to hearty soups and stews. I love experimenting with different apple-based recipes, constantly discovering new ways to incorporate this versatile fruit into my meals.For instance, I might start my day with a refreshing apple smoothie, blending together fresh apples, yogurt, and a touch of honey for a nutritious and delicious breakfast. Or I might incorporate diced apples into a savory chicken salad, adding a delightful crunch and a hint of sweetness to the dish. When it comes to desserts, I'm a big fan of homemade apple crumble, with a buttery, crunchy topping and a warm, gooey apple filling.Apples are also incredibly versatile when it comes to snacking. I often find myself reaching for a crisp, juicy apple when I'm looking for a healthy and satisfying snack. I love the satisfying crunch and the way the natural sweetness of the apple can curb my cravings for something sweet. Sometimes, I'll even slice an apple and pair it with a small serving of nut butter for a protein-packed snack that keeps me feeling energized and satisfied.In addition to their culinary uses, apples also hold a special place in my heart for their cultural significance. Apples have been a symbol ofabundance, knowledge, and temptation throughout history, appearing in countless works of art, literature, and mythology. The story of Adam and Eve's expulsion from the Garden of Eden, for instance, is often depicted with an apple as the forbidden fruit. Apples have also played a role in various cultural traditions and celebrations, from the Jewish tradition of dipping apples in honey for Rosh Hashanah to the popular American tradition of bobbing for apples at Halloween.Overall, my love for apples is rooted in their delicious flavor, their impressive nutritional profile, and their versatility in the kitchen. Whether I'm biting into a crisp, juicy apple as a snack, using them as a key ingredient in a sweet or savory dish, or simply appreciating their cultural significance, I find great joy and satisfaction in this humble yet extraordinary fruit. Apples truly are a wonderful gift of nature, and I am grateful for the opportunity to enjoy them in so many different ways.。
五年级英语音节划分单选题30题
五年级英语音节划分单选题30题1.Which word has two syllables?A.appleB.bananaC.orangeD.grape答案：A。
apple 发音为['æpl]，有两个音节。
banana 发音为[bə'nɑːnə]，有三个音节。
orange 发音为['ɒrɪndʒ]，有两个音节。
grape 发音为[ɡreɪp]，有一个音节。
2.Which word has one syllable?A.cakeB.umbrellaC.windowD.elephant答案：A。
cake 发音为[keɪk]，有一个音节。
umbrella 发音为[ʌm'brelə]，有三个音节。
window 发音为['wɪndəʊ]，有两个音节。
elephant 发音为['elɪfənt]，有三个音节。
3.In the word "pencil", how many syllables are there?A.OneB.TwoC.ThreeD.Four答案：A。
pencil 发音为['pensl]，有一个音节。
4.Which word has three syllables?A.butterflyB.rabbitC.duckD.chicken答案：A。
butterfly 发音为['bʌtəflaɪ]，有三个音节。
rabbit 发音为['ræbɪt]，有两个音节。
duck 发音为[dʌk]，有一个音节。
chicken 发音为['tʃɪkɪn]，有两个音节。
5.How many syllables does the word "watermelon" have?A.ThreeB.FourC.FiveD.Six答案：B。
watermelon 发音为['wɔːtəmelən]，有四个音节。
我最喜欢的苹果英语小作文四十单词
我最喜欢的苹果英语小作文四十单词全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Favorite AppleApples, apples, apples! I love apples! Apples are my favorite fruit. They are so yummy and crunchy. Apples are the best!My favorite kind of apple is the red apple. Red apples are so pretty. They are bright red and shiny. Their skin is smooth and their shape is round like a ball. I love looking at red apples in the fruit bowl on our kitchen table.Red apples taste amazing too! They are sweet and juicy. When I bite into a red apple, the juice runs down my chin. The crunch sound when my teeth break the apple's skin is so satisfying. Yum yum yum!I like eating red apples in many ways. Sometimes I eat them whole, holding the apple in my hands and taking big bites. Other times, my mom slices the apples and I eat the slices one by one. Apple slices are extra juicy because the juice comes out when you cut the apple.My mom also bakes red apples into pies and cakes sometimes. Apple pie is divine! The apples get soft and sweet when baked. The smell of baking apples makes my mouth water.I can't resist a warm slice of apple pie topped with vanilla ice cream. Mmmmm!In the fall, my family goes apple picking at an orchard. We ride a tractor through the orchard and pick ripe red apples right off the trees. Apple picking is so fun! I fill up my basket quickly because I can't stop sampling the fresh-picked apples. There's nothing better than a crisp, newly picked apple still warm from the sun.After apple picking, we take the basket of apples home and make all kinds of yummy apple treats - cider, sauce, butter, jam. We even decorate the house with the apples, putting them in a bowl as a centerpiece. Red apples add such a nice pop of color. Our whole house smells like apples in the fall and I love it!That's why red apples are my absolute favorite fruit ever. They are tasty, crunchy, juicy, sweet, beautiful, and fun to pick. Whether fresh, baked, or preserved, red apples are simply delicious. If I had to eat just one food for the rest of my life, I would happily choose red apples every time! Yum yum yum yum yum!篇2My Favorite AppleHi everyone! Today, I want to tell you about my favorite fruit - apples! Apples are so delicious and juicy, and they come in many different colors like red, green, and even yellow. They are not only yummy but also very good for our health.One of the reasons why I love apples is because they are so crunchy. When I take a bite, I can hear that satisfying sound and feel the crispness in my mouth. It's like a party for my taste buds! Sometimes, I even pretend I'm a bunny munching on a carrot because it's so much fun.Did you know that apples are also very nutritious? They are packed with vitamins and minerals that our bodies need to stay healthy. Eating apples can make our immune system stronger, which means we won't get sick as easily. That's why they say, "An apple a day keeps the doctor away!"Another great thing about apples is that they are so versatile. You can eat them as they are, or you can use them to make yummy treats like apple pies, apple crumbles, and even apple sauce. I love helping my mom in the kitchen when we bake applepies. The whole house smells amazing, and the taste is out of this world!Sometimes, my family and I go apple picking in the countryside. It's so much fun! We get to wear cute hats and walk through rows and rows of apple trees. I always try to find the biggest and shiniest apple. It's like finding hidden treasure! Plus, being surrounded by nature makes me feel happy and peaceful.Not only are apples tasty, healthy, and fun to pick, but they also have a special place in history and stories. Have you heard of Isaac Newton? He was a famous scientist who discovered gravity when an apple fell on his head. Isn't that amazing? Apples can be magical too!In conclusion, apples are my absolute favorite fruit. They are crunchy, nutritious, and can be used in so many delicious recipes. Whether I'm munching on an apple during snack time or picking them with my family, I always feel happy when I'm around apples. So, next time you see an apple, take a big bite and enjoy all the goodness it brings!I hope you enjoyed reading about my favorite apple. Maybe it's your favorite fruit too!篇3My Favorite AppleHi, everyone! Today, I want to tell you about my absolute favorite fruit in the whole wide world — the apple! I love apples so much, and I can't wait to share with you why they are the best!First of all, apples come in many different colors and sizes. Some are red, some are green, and some are even a beautiful mix of both! I like to pick out the shiniest apple at the grocery store. It makes me feel like I've found a hidden treasure!Not only are apples pretty, but they are also super tasty! Whenever I take a bite, I can't help but smile. Apples are crunchy and juicy, and they have a sweet and refreshing flavor. Yum! I enjoy eating apples as a snack, in salads, or even in pies. They are delicious no matter how you eat them!But wait, there's more! Apples are not just yummy; they are also really good for you. They are packed with vitamins and fiber, which help keep our bodies healthy and strong. Eating apples can make our teeth stronger and our tummies happy. It's like having a little superhero fruit that takes care of us!Another reason why I love apples is that they are so versatile. You can do many fun things with them. Sometimes, I like to play a game with my friends called "Apple Bobbing." We fill a big tubwith water and try to catch floating apples using only our mouths. It's hilarious and messy, but so much fun!In addition to games, apples can be used for arts and crafts. I once made a stamp out of an apple by cutting it in half and dipping it in paint. Then I pressed it onto paper, and it made a beautiful apple shape. It was like creating my very own masterpiece!Lastly,篇4Title: My Favorite AppleI love apples! They are delicious and healthy. Apples come in different colors like red, green, and yellow. They are juicy and crunchy. I enjoy eating apples as a snack or in a yummy pie. Apples make me feel strong and happy. They are my favorite fruit!注意：根据您的要求，我写了一篇只有40个单词的小作文。
iosurface ios用法
一、介绍iosurfaceiosurface 是苹果公司推出的一个图像处理框架，主要用于在 iOS 和macOS 系统上进行图像和视瓶处理。
它提供了一种跨进程共享图像数据的方式，可以在 GPU 和 CPU 之间快速传递图像数据，还可以在不同的进程之间共享图像数据，非常适合于需要高性能图像处理和多进程协作的应用场景。
二、iosurface 的主要用法1. 创建和管理 iosurface 对象：iosurface 对象的创建和管理是 iosurface 框架的核心功能之一。
可以使用 iosurface_create 函数创建一个新的 iosurface 对象，并用iosurface_ret本人n 和 iosurface_release 函数对 iosurface 对象进行引用计数的管理。
另外，还可以使用 iosurface_lookup 和iosurface_lookup_name 函数来查找指定 ID 或名称的 iosurface 对象。
这些函数提供了 iosurface 对象的基本创建和管理功能，为其他功能的实现提供了基础。
2. 使用 iosurface 进行图像和视瓶处理：iosurface 在图像和视瓶处理方面有着丰富的功能和应用。
可以使用iosurface 对象作为 CoreGraphics、CoreImage 和 CoreVideo 等图像处理框架的输入和输出对象，实现图像和视瓶数据的处理和传输。
通过 iosurface 对象，可以实现图像的采集、处理、合成和显示等功能，为应用程序提供了强大的图像和视瓶处理能力。
3. 跨进程共享图像数据：iosurface 还可以实现跨进程共享图像数据的功能，这对于需要多进程协作的应用程序非常有用。
通过 iosurface 对象，不同进程之间可以共享图像数据，实现图像的快速传递和共享，提高了多进程协作的效率和性能。
这为应用程序的开发和优化提供了更大的灵活性和可能性。
五年级英语写作单选题50题
五年级英语写作单选题50题1. There is a ______ on the blackboard in our classroom.A. pictureB. pictuerC. picterD. piture答案：A。
本题考查单词“picture”的正确拼写。
选项B“pictuer”、选项C“picter”和选项D“piture”都是错误的拼写形式，“picture”的正确拼写是A 选项。
2. We have ______ English class on Monday.A. aB. anC. theD. /答案：B。
本题考查不定冠词的用法。
“English”是以元音音素开头的单词，要用不定冠词“an”，A 选项“a”用于辅音音素开头的单词前，C 选项“the”表示特指，D 选项“/”表示零冠词，此处需要一个不定冠词表示“一节”英语课，所以选B。
3. My friend can play ______ piano very well.A. aB. anC. theD. /答案：C。
本题考查定冠词“the”的用法。
在乐器前要加定冠词“the”，“play the piano”表示“弹钢琴”，A 选项“a”和B 选项“an”是不定冠词，D 选项“/”表示零冠词，都不符合此处用法，所以选C。
4. I have ______ new bag.A. aB. anC. theD. /答案：A。
本题考查不定冠词的用法。
“new”是以辅音音素开头的单词，要用不定冠词“a”，B 选项“an”用于元音音素开头的单词前，C 选项“the”表示特指，D 选项“/”表示零冠词，此处需要一个不定冠词表示“一个”新书包，所以选A。
5. There are many ______ in the library.A. bookB. booksC. a bookD. an book答案：B。
本题考查名词复数形式。
“many”表示“许多”，后面要接名词复数，“book”的复数形式是“books”，A 选项“book”是单数形式，C 选项“a book”表示“一本书”，D 选项“an book”错误，“book”不是以元音音素开头，不能用“an”，所以选B。
PIC编程器自制
自制PIC烧录器林茂荣第209期前言最近许多单晶片已经藉由消费性电子产品这一管道,默默地渗透到一般人的日常生活里头,因此单晶片与人类生活之间的关系已经密不可分;也因为有利可图,所以许多商业活动就大量涉入到单晶片领域,像是国内的义隆电子等,都以单晶片为主要的业务活动,加上因为单晶片制程技艺发达,成本也相对地降低,这更助长了单晶片的应用领域,例如有一项资料显示,目前出厂的私家车辆中,平均会使用约25只单晶片,只是这些应用,恐怕连使用者都不得而知,也弄不清楚;早期的单晶片微电脑与现今者有很大的差异,先期开发出来的单晶片少部分现今依然被沿用着,有的甚至逐渐被改良或说整合成像是有完整功能的电脑,而目前应用在消费性电子产品上的单晶片还是以8爻单晶片系列为主,而且最近发展的趋势是,这些单晶片都有FLASH的程式记忆体,也就是说主导这些单晶片运作的程式,有必要时可以随时更新;笔者从早期在大学时期开始接触电脑,到目前以业余的方式接触单晶片,一路走来已经二十余年,这期间没有间断过与电脑的关系,从宏碁的小教授、频果APPLEII、286、到如今动辄2G的CPU;唯现今电脑使用者与电子线路之间的关系好像松垮无力,除了自己装组电脑的DIY外,好像很少听到有人利用电脑结合一般的电子创作,这实在是很可惜的一件事;从目前笔者接触单晶片的经验,觉得PIC系列非常棒,这是以一个业余爱好者的角度而言,因为可以利用组合语言或C语言写PIC程式,而MICROCHIP公司可以提供免费的编译程式,同时就PIC的发展,目前完全走向FLASH化,使得程式的开发相当方便,更棒的是,网路上的相关资源非常丰富,网路上可以搜寻得到的,从基本的PIC入门资讯,到可以完全自己动手的烧录器一应具全;基於这些理由,笔者鼓励业余爱好者,不彷从PIC开始,这真是一个很好的管道;本文的主要目的,就是要提出一个PIC的烧录器制作,而要自己烧录单晶片,重要的关键因素还包括有烧录软体,因此除烧录器制作外,同时也要介绍几种可以用来烧录PIC的免费软体;这些烧录软体搭配烧录器可以用来烧录具有代表性的FLASH PIC,如12F675、12F629、16F84、16F628、16F72、及16F73等,同时也可以烧录一些常用的串列EEPROM;为什麽会选择这几只PIC呢那是因为这些单晶片都是FLASH制程,从功能上看也具有代表性,因此很适合业余者选择使用,而且熟悉这些单晶片的运作後,也就相当於了解整个PIC系列的单晶片;烧录器原理与硬体线路照理讲,因为单晶片里头的程式记忆体做烧录时的要求相当严谨,自然也要采用通过原厂认证的烧录器才好,这是因为认证程序过程中会有一套严谨的品质管制,当然这是以商业生产活动的角度来看,至於以一般业余的眼光,虽说把关的要求有时用业余的角度做衡量也不见得会输给专业,但是就少了把关的管控程序;因为这里是以业余的角度做PIC烧录器,虽然不能声称绝对可以和经过认证的商业方法相融,但是以实用角度而言,可以相融是毫无问题的;由於采用了某些无法控制的方式例如因为业余因素,不采用外接电源等,也因此而无法堂而皇之地说它是正式的PIC烧录,但是从个人、业余、与实用的角度做衡量标准,充作个人使用,这是一个再适合不过的PIC烧录器;PIC程式烧录原理为了要了解PIC的程式烧录过程,我们必须要先弄懂PIC的程式烧录原理;注意虽然此处所谈的烧录原理也许也适用於其它单晶片,但这里专指PIC单晶片;不论是哪一类的PIC,是一次烧录OTPIC,开玻璃窗的紫外灯光抹除EPROMIC,或者是最近流行的FLASH电子抹除EEPROMIC,它们都有个可以直通到IC内部程式记忆体的路径,假如要做烧录器,需要蒐集的资料,就是包括弄清楚这些烧录用的相关脚位,然後正确地把它们接到烧录器的接座上;基本上,要把程式内容传送到IC里头的程式记忆体内,是采用串列的方式来进行,这有一点类似I2C的方式,所以这就必须要包括有时脉讯号CLOCK与串列资料DATA讯号;除此之外还必须要有个控制脚,这在PIC系列,通常是指MCLR这一只脚,既然是电子抹除与书写,就免不了要有电源,因此要做PIC烧录,就必须要找到5只脚,分别是电源、接地、控制脚、时脉讯号、与串列资料;所以,凡是烧录器就必须要具备上述几个脚位;针对电脑常用的RS232串列阜,要对应到控制脚、时脉讯号、与串列资料自然是不成问题,关於电源那就要动一点脑筋;由於RS232串列阜的定义,有一些脚位作为握手对应用,因此使用时可以让它保持在高电位,这高电位对於RS232的定义来说,就是+12伏特,虽然这些脚位都只是讯号规模,但由於RS232的应用牵涉到连线的距离,因此这些讯号规模的脚位,也大多能提供高达10毫安培的电流;这对於PIC的烧录是足够的,也因此单独靠着RS232介面,不需要额外的电源供应线路,就能做PIC的烧录器;基本上,可以把RS232串列阜视为电流工作,其实早期在中等距离的资料传输,RS232串列阜还提供有所谓的电流环CURRENT LOOP模式,也就是以电流的有无来做1与0的区别,而不是使用电压,这在患有严重杂讯干扰的区域特别管用,在某种程度上,可以把RS232串列阜视为电流工作型,自然要提供数毫安培电源是毫无问题的;烧录器线路参看图1,就是这个足以应付常用的PIC IC烧录器线路,RS232的第3脚就是控制讯号,它被接到MCLR,由於做烧录时MCLR一定先要维持在高电位,这一只脚高电位时会是+12V,而且它可以提供高达10毫安培的电流,所以此脚同时也接上以简单的电阻串联然纳的方式,来取得+5V电源;为了确保极性的稳定,所以然纳是使用,经过1N4148之後,就可以提供相当稳定且具有极性保护的+5V电源;时脉讯号由第7脚提供,而串列资料则接第8及第4脚,它分别对应到RS232串列阜的资料输出与输入脚,这是因为串列资料为双向,也就是烧录时会做写入的动作,而程式烧录之後要确认时,就必须要做读出;而不论写入或读出,都是经由串列资料脚,也就是说对PIC 而言,它以单脚做输入及输出,而RS232串列阜的输出入脚分别是第8及第4脚,这也就是为什麽第8及第4脚要同时接到DATA脚;针对图1来说,虽然只列出了12F675、12F629、16F84、16F628、16F72、及16F73等,但是要追加任何的PIC IC,甚至是EEPROM,只要把相对应的接脚找出来就可以了,例如16C71其实只要烧录程式支援它,就可以把它放在16F84的烧录IC上做烧录；又例如要烧录16C72A,虽然这里没有这只IC的编号,其实把它放在16C72上也是可以做烧录的;相同的道理,许许多多PIC编号的IC,只要脚位数相同,而烧录程式有支援它,把它插到同脚位数的IC座上,也都可以做烧录;软体支援IC的详细情况,可以参看表1;笔者熟知要做烧录当然要有适合的烧录程式做配合才行,因此笔者是先从网路上找到免费的PIC烧录软体,先研究这些软体支援哪一些烧录器硬体,然後再做烧录器的设计;烧录器制作完整的线路请参看图1,整个烧录器使用的零件非常少,以图中所列的PIC IC为烧录对象,就只要备妥8只脚,18只脚,及28只脚的DIP型 IC座,然後根据图1的接脚做焊接就可以了;虽然笔者刚开始是以16F84及16F628烧录器做设计参看照片1,之後也曾经想利用转换器的方式,要把12F629插在16F84的IC座上,但是却发现这个方法很不理想,最好还是以个别的IC座,把这些接脚以并联的方式,分别接到不同的IC座的相对应脚上,如图1所示,这也就是为什麽笔者会做这样的设计;请注意,虽然PIC系列也都包含有SMD封装的IC,但是针对个人以业余用途来衡量,采用SMD封装是不合理的,因此这里就一概不考虑到SMD封装的IC烧录,若是有必要,那只好针对自己的需求,去购买SMD与DIP的转换座;参看图1是适用於上述烧录器使用的硬体线路,制作此线路并没有严格的要求,你可以使用万用线路板做焊接,倒是放置烧录PIC IC的脚座要特别注意,因为要常做插拔,所以这里使用的IC座建议采用圆孔MACHINE HOLE型,此处分别需要有8PIN、18PIN、及28PIN三个IC座;参看图2是针对图1所做的线路板布线;另外,焊接时要特别注意ZD1及D1的极性,还有C1的极性也不要装错,DB9焊接时,记得两旁的脚座焊接要牢靠,否则DB9的讯号接脚容易因受力过大而造成焊接点受创;还有使用这个烧录器时,IC的插拔一定要特别注意,最好是使用IC插拔工具器,否则烧录的IC,很容易因为插拔动作而使IC接脚受伤,尤其是28PIN的IC;由於PIC IC的接脚除了电源与接地脚之外,其余接脚可以说都是输出入脚,因此插拔动作也要特别考虑到静电破坏的问题,总之,以笔者的经验来说,在冷气房内最要注意静电的破坏,当然一般情况也是要提防才好;笔者的经验是,I/O脚一旦遭静电破坏就会出现不可预期的结果,例如程式动作时LED是要亮灯的,却偏偏不亮,原来是用来驱动LED做指示的I/O 脚受静电烧毁;这些情况值得特别注意,那是因为一般FLASH 的PIC IC,虽然可以多次烧录,但是IC设计与生产时的考量,可不会把你开发程式时的IC插拔动作列为主要的规格做考虑,因此插拔的动作还是要多加小心;烧录软体谈到PIC IC的烧录,除了烧录器线路外,最重要的就是搭配烧录器使用的软体,虽然MICROCHIP提供了烧录软体,但是必须要搭配专用的烧录器,还好网路上有许多现成的PIC 烧录软体,於是笔者透过网际网路,搜寻了一些适用的烧录软体;这些软体都是免费的,当然除了在此处列出来介绍以外,也还有不少的烧录软体,但是因为这些我所看到的其它烧录软体,在功能及实用性上都比较单薄,而且相对地功能也都较不齐全,在功能上也都能够被这里所介绍的三种软体所包括,因此就只取这三种软体做介绍;参看表1所示,分别是这三种软体的基本资料,更具体的用法与说明,则分别以独立的章节做介绍;ICPROG105烧录程式说明参看照片2是ICPROG105的程式执行画面,它已经完全是视窗操作环境,由於ICON的设计佳,让操作非常方便,基本上它把视窗切成上下两半,上面是程式内容,下方则是EEPROM 资料记忆体内容,同时可以看到这样的区块共有5组,分别是BUFFER1到BUFFER5,它们很像活页纸旁的标签,只要滑鼠在标签上点选,就可以在这5组缓冲器之间快速切换;笔者发现,这对於要做比对程式内容相当方便,程式也提供了这5个区块之间的内容比对,且比对结果会逐行用颜色来标示出相异处;同时,参看程式画面的右手边小型直立的长方块内,有包括振荡器的选择OSCILLATOR,保险丝烧录FUSES的设定,程式核对码CHECKSUM的显示,以及程式ID码的内容设定及显示;而上述几项的设定就成为所谓的组织码CONFIG WORD,它的内容显示在这长方块的正下方;另外,这个烧录程式也有反组译的功能,只要以滑鼠在ICON的A处点一下,就可以得到反组译的程式内容,参看照片3;值得一提的是,此烧录程式虽然主要是做PIC的烧录,但是也支援其它单晶片及EEPROM 记忆体的烧录,因此假如你需要其它的IC烧录,不彷在设定SETTINGS的DEVICE内找寻,或者是直接在画面的右上方一个蓝色的小窗口内直接以滑鼠选择▼下拉,就可以看到能够烧录的所有IC编号;另外,这个程式可以搭配许多不同的硬体线路使用,因此执行後先要把你所使用的硬体介面设定好,使用图1线路所示的烧录器,可以选择JDM PROGRAMMER,要设定硬体介面可以从选单上的SETTINGS内的HARDWARE进入,也可以利用快速键F3进入;PIX烧录程式说明PIX是笔者接触PIC时所认识的第一个烧录程式,到目前为止的PIX113版本,虽然还是无法完全进入视窗的操作环境,处处都有DOS的影子,不过操作上还算相当方便,虽然没有滑鼠的点选方便,但是在萤幕上,只要是设定的项目上,都有红色的第一个大写字母,只要依照这些指示做按键动作,很方便可以完成必要的设定;例如萤幕左上角的FOWPC分别就是进入烧录条件做设定,参看照片4;而萤幕底边的功能键操作也相当方便,从F1到F10都对应到常用的功能,另外搭配了ALT键及CTRL键,又把F1到F10对应到另外的20种功能目前有些功能键是空白闲置,这种贴心创新的设计,使得虽然是DOS式的操作,但也算相当方便;这个程式有个组织档CONFIG,它存放了程式的基本设定,包括硬体介面等,所以第一次执行此程式时,必须先要设定好组织档,一旦顺利执行,往後开启程式时,这个执行档会於执行程式时被采用,也就是毋须再做设定;通常以图1线路做烧录时,执行PIX程式烧录,必须要把硬体设定为LUDI,至於是采用哪一个COM阜,就由你自行决定;另外此程式也具有反组译的功能,把程式HEX档读进来之後,只要按D键,就可以执行反组译的工作;WINPICPR烧录程式说明基本上,这程式具备了有条不紊的操作安排,进入程式之後画面很简洁,第一眼看到的是很像活页簿的目录,可以发现总共有6页可以翻缆,参看照片5,分别是CODE,DATA,DEVICE&CONFIG,OPTIONS,INTERFACE,及MESSAGES;CODE及DATA就是分别代表程式资料码与EEPROM资料,DEVICE&CONFIG可以选择不同的PIC编号,以及设定烧录条件,OPTIONS可以做一些次要的条件设定;而INTERFACE是用来设定烧录器的,假如你采用的是如图1所示的烧录器线路,则要选择COM84 PROGRAMMER FOR SERIAL PORT,在这里还提供了烧录器的测试功能,以滑鼠在INITIALIZE方块上点一下,可以看到萤幕下方会出现INITIALINGPIC-PROGRAMMER:SUCCESS,就表示烧录器介面大致上没问题,参看照片6;至於MESSAGES就是操作时的流水帐纪录,任何的操作程序,例如烧录动作等,这里都会以流水帐的方式详细地做纪录;PIC烧录注意事项第一次使用PIC烧录器时,大家最常碰到的问题就是烧录条件的设定,一般说来,假如采用MICROCHIP免费提供的MPASM做组译,大多数书写程式者都会把烧录条件写在程式上,如此程式编译之後,程式码内容就会包含有烧录条件,此时只要把程式码载入烧录程式内,就不必再去设定烧录条件;有些烧录条件的设定不会影响程式本身,但有些条件设定不当,就会使程式无法正常运作;这里就针对PIC常用的一些设定做说明;这包括有CODE PROTECTION,POWER-UPTIMER,WATCHDOG TIMER,OSCILLATOR,FUSE,及ID等;烧录时若把CODE PROTECTION打开ON,就会让烧录後的程式码无法正常读出,也因为如此,所以烧录时若把这个功能打开,之後要进行烧录後验证VERIFY时,就会出现错误讯息,这是因为烧录後的读出内容与原来烧录的内容有异之故;这功能通常运用於商业生产时,为了保护程式不轻易外流,於程式烧录时,可以把这个功能打开;值得一提的是,虽然它可以保护程式不能被读取,但是依然有一些偏方,可以读得到有保护功能的烧录程式内容;WATCHDOG TIMER则是内附看门狗计时的开关,此项条件务必要符合程式的运作,否则误用此项条件,往往会严重影响程式的运作,轻则使动作异常,重则造成程式完全无法运作;POWER-UP TIMER是插电启动程式时的一个延迟线路,这是一个内附的硬体线路,有了这个功能,就可以避免使用外接的启动IC,通常有些运用单晶片的产品,会要求插拔电源的测试,若没有这个功能,电源插拔几次之後,可能会造成程式无法正常启动的现象,一般采用单晶片时,会采用外加的启动线路来确保这个功能;OSCILLATOR则是用来选择适合的振荡线路,它实际上就是一个硬体振荡线路的路径选择或说增益控制,这可以确保不同振荡线路都可以维持最佳的运作状态,例如一般石英晶体选择XT,而如果工作频率高於10MHz,也许烧录时就应该试着选择HS;另外;还包括有使用电阻电容振荡线路的RC设定,以及低功率情况下使用的LP等;至於FUSE,实际上它是针对上述4项条件的设定总开关,也就是说你可以直接设定FUSE的值来完成上述的4种设定,但是因为它是个数值,所以不容易掌握,写程式时也可以直接设定FUSE值,不过一般以CONFIG虚拟指令来设定会比较好;至於ID,它是提供运用时的一个方便标示,例如你可以把生产的序号放在这上面,日後有维修或需要追踪时,只要读出这个ID码就可以做生产序号的确认;一般编写程式时应该要把这些条件带进程式里头,但是有些程式语言例如C语言或者是程式编译器没有这个功能,因此不得不把这些设定关掉,下面是组合语言对这些烧录条件的设定例子：__config_CP_ON & _PWRTE_ON & _WDT_OFF & _XT_OSC从上述的程式叙述很容易可以看出来这些设定,但是偶而也可以看到某些程式就直接把FUSES值设定好,例如针对16F84而言,上述烧录条件设定的FUSES值是3FF1,因此在程式中把FUSES值设定为3FF1,也就等於设定了上述的烧录条件设定;烧录时,碰到内含有EEPROM的IC,这些资料都可以选择与程式码分开或一起做烧录,同时有些烧录程式还可以允许你单独载入EEPROM的烧录资料,也可以把这些EEPROM资料单独存成档案,这对於某些程式的烧录也算是相当好的功能;例如有个程式把对照表资料就放在EEPROM内,假如你把这些资料放在程式内,而这些对照表资料需要有好几个版本,那就必须要编译好几次程式,要是你把程式与EEPROM分开,那麽载入程式後,只要载入不同版本的EEPROM资料档,就可以有好几个版本,同时万一这对照表需要修改,或是程式开发阶段需要做一些TRY AND ERROR的测试,那麽就更加方便在这方面的作业了;牛刀小试做完了上述的烧录器制作与烧录程式介绍之後,当然也要实地演练一番才好,这里笔者就拿一个程式的开发过程做烧录时,所碰到的实况做演练说明;这是一个以LED做显示的计频仪,程式名称叫做GLEDKOTF,这是我的F版本,先使用文书处理把程式编妥後,存成附档名为ASM的档案,先以MICROCHIP免费提供的MPLAB编译软体做组译的工作,参看照片7及照片8,经过成功组译之後,你可以得到许多档案,包含有LIST档及ERROR档等;其中附档名是HEX的档案最重要,这也就是烧录程式时要使用的档案,例如上述我就可以得到的档案,有了程式档之後,接下来就是执行PIX烧录程式,此时要先把烧录器的硬体接妥,假设你是接在个人电脑的COM1上,接着如照片9所示,就是PIX烧录程式的执行画面,这是按了M键之後的介面设定,这里因为是采用图1线路的烧录器且接在COM1使用,因此选择了LUDI及COM1,这就完成了硬体的设定,注意这是初次使用时才必须要做的设定,往後就不必这样做了,除非烧录硬体线路有异动;接着就要载入程式,参看照片10及照片11,分别是要载入程式的动作,按下F3键来做程式的载入动作後,就得到了照片11的画面,假如你还有资料档要载入,同样是按F3键,但是要先按住ALT键,找到你要载入的资料档,资料载入之後就如照片12所示;此时,因为所有烧录条件都已经包含在程式档内,所以也就不必逐一去设定烧录条件,而且要载入EEPROM 的资料也已经就绪,此时按下F9键做烧录,萤幕下方的横状小长框内会有位址的变动显示,这表示烧录进行中,完成之後就如照片13;结论笔者年轻时,不论是一般的电子材料行,或者是电子街上的商店,总是很容易可以买到新奇实用的电子套件,而且彷间的电子杂志,也不时可以发现有趣实用的制作文章,如今这些似乎已不复存在;为什麽呢原因当然是错综复杂的,客观的条件下,有些新奇的电子线路已经不那麽容易让人自己动手了,例如动辄上百只脚的SMD封装IC,要如何焊接更何况这些IC的功能,通常就像是黑盒子般,而且通常是你要的脚没长出来,你不需要的脚伸出来一大堆,长久以往,就渐渐疏远,导致现在电子套件没有生存空间;加上,工业生产规模以量大讲求效率为重心,造成套件敌不过一般的完成商品,生存空间自然也就岌岌可危,如果以影射到生物圈,那麽电子套件可以算是濒临绝种;能够挽救吗笔者一直希望有个契机出现,现今的PIC单晶片,盼望可以是挽救这濒临绝种电子套件的一丝希望,因为它已经让人有可以挥舞的空间,这些单晶片的灵巧功能与广泛的应用,真希望这可以给套件注入一些生命力,希望本文对於期望能自己动手的朋友有实质上的助益,制作愉快;有任何问题,作者的EMAIL是,欢迎指教;。
iPad 生产力指南
iPad 生产力指南编注本文首发于博客「I/O」，原作者@赵赛坡，少数派经授权转载，仅对文章版式略作修改。
现代人常常陷入到一种工具迷思中。
所谓工具迷思，就是希望通过某个特定工具完成一系列任务的念想，然而在越来越复杂的现代社会里，即便是某个特定领域，一方面由于应用或工具自身的局限性，另一方面则是事件的复杂性，很难出现这样一个能够完成所有流程的工具。
在如今各种标榜工具推荐的网站、文章里，几乎都是一个应用的评测与几个同类应用的比较，这也就极易造成上述工具迷思——而当用户信心满满地下载甚至购买了某个应用之后，却发现其根本没法满足自身需求时，工具迷思的反面——工具无用论则开始出现。
这是我不喜欢当下应用评测的原因，同时我也是「工具即延伸」1的拥趸。
工作、生活越发复杂，海量信息的侵袭，早已超过了个体大脑极其自然延伸——四肢的处理能力。
数字工具、应用可以而且应该成为人类技术性进化的助推器。
过去两年年底，我先后分享了当年时间里的生产力应用：《2014 年最适合「整理力」的iPad 应用》、《2015 年，我如何用iPad Mini 创造生产力？》▍移动生产力的工作流工作流是个很宏大的概念，根据维基百科的解释：工作流（workflow），是对工作流程及其各操作步骤之间业务规则的抽象、概括描述。
而在这里的「工作流」，则是狭义上所指的基于移动设备上的工具、应用，从而实现生产力的流程。
之所以通过工作流展现工具的价值，主要原因就是我们需要时刻记住使用工具的初心——高效率完成任务，高质量实现价值。
只有在「两高」之中，工具的作用才能得到最大的发挥。
另外，正如上文所言，现实生活和工作分工合作的需求很高，对于人与人的协作、人与工具的协作以及工具与工具的协作，都提出了极高的要求。
从这个层面出发，基于从工作流的角度思考工具的作用和效果可谓意义重大。
我的工作流分为以下六个方面：内容生产内容消费文件管理社交协作精力管理知识管理上述六大工作流里又细分了诸多特定情境，这里需要说明几点：第一，本文所谈的「移动」，是指平板电脑、手机设备，主要是iPad。
苹果酒中酚酸、黄烷-3-醇的检测
苹果酒中酚酸、黄烷-3-醇的检测姜志奇;王秀芹;战吉宬;黄卫东【摘要】The fresh of Ralls apples (Malus pumila Mill. ) , Fuji and apple cider were selected as the test mate- rials. The contents of phenolic compounds in apple juice and cider were determined by HPLC. The result indicated that there were 4 phenolic acids ( Chlorogenic acid, Caffeic acid, Protocatechuic acid and p-coumaric acid) and 2 fla- van-3-ols ( (-)-epicatechin and ( + )-catechin) in apples and ciders. Contents of phenolic compounds in different varieties of apple juice and apple cider are significantly different. The total contents of phenolic compounds in Rails apples and cider from Ralls apples were higher than that from the other two. The most important phenolic compounds were Chlorogenic acid and (-)-epicatechin. The flavan-3-ols with highest content was (-)-Epicatechin. The result in- dicated that the contents of all the phenolic compounds increased obviously during the fermentation, and phenolic compounds in ciders were more than that in apples. Contents showed an increasing trend of S-type. The increasing trend was first flat and then faster and then fiat.%以小国光（Rails）和富士（Fuji）及其所酿制的新鲜苹果酒为试验材料，采用反相高效液相色谱法测定分析苹果原汁、发酵中酒样和苹果成品酒中11种酚酸、5种黄烷-3-醇的含量。